Prostate adenoma in men: symptoms, treatment, surgery and its consequences

Symptoms of prostate adenoma are detected during examination in 25% of men aged 40-50 years, and in 50% of men aged 50-60 years. But only a small proportion of such patients seek professional medical care.

Typically, these are those patients whose pathology occurs with pronounced symptoms that significantly worsen the quality of life.

Moreover, many of the patients who ignore the signs of the disease do not even know how dangerous prostate adenoma is and what consequences it can lead to if it is not treated in a timely manner.

General information about pathology

Prostate adenoma is a pathological benign growth of prostatic tissue, causing disturbances in urinary outflow, which are manifested in urinary stagnation, difficulty or frequent urination, involuntary diuresis or weakening of the stream.

The prostate gland is the most important organ of the male reproductive system, which has a chestnut-like shape and is located between the bladder structures and the urethra. The urethra passes through the prostatic tissue, which is why urinary disorders occur with pathological growth of glandular tissue.

When certain conditions arise, prostatic tissues begin to grow, their hypertrophy occurs and an adenoma is formed.

When the gland grows to a certain size, at which it presses on the urethra, characteristic pathological symptoms arise, forcing patients to consult a urologist.

Origin of adenoma

In older men, prostatic adenoma is considered one of the most common pathological conditions. There are no specific reasons for the development of such a disease, since its origin is polyetiological in nature, i.e.

As a rule, there are several factors that provoke the occurrence of adenoma. The most common factors include the age characteristics of the male body.

Statistics show that hypertrophic changes in prostatic tissues begin to occur in the bodies of men after 45 years of age.

In addition, an adenoma is formed under the influence of hormonal changes, which, in fact, is also associated with age-related characteristics, because hormonal levels also change in mature-old men, when male menopause (andropause) occurs.

Also, in combination with age, psycho-emotional overload and experiences contribute to the development of hyperplasia.

Disputes between specialists do not subside regarding the fact that the intensity of the patient’s sexual life, the presence of unhealthy habits and the presence of a history of previously suffered inflammatory or infectious pathologies have a negative impact on prostatic tissues.

Factors such as physical inactivity and its characteristic obesity also play a negative role. In addition, the etiology of adenoma also includes hereditary predisposition, unhealthy diet and hypertension.

It has been proven that prostatic hyperplasia does not affect men who were castrated before puberty, and in patients castrated after puberty, such a disease occurs only in isolated cases.

Stages

Experts distinguish several stages of development of hyperplastic benign growths of prostatic tissue, which develop sequentially.

1. Compensation stage, which is the first stage. The dynamics of urination changes, they become more frequent, but the intensity of urine output decreases. A man gets up to go to the toilet at least twice a night, although during the daytime the frequency of urination may remain within normal limits. Over time, they become more frequent, and the volume of urine released, on the contrary, decreases. Imperative urges begin to bother you. Muscular hypertrophy of the bladder structures gradually develops, so the efficiency of bowel movements is still maintained and there are no signs of residual urine.
2. Subcompensation stage or second stage. At this stage, the bladder enlarges, and degenerative processes begin to occur in its tissues. Signs of residual urine appear, which reaches about 200 ml, and these figures continue to grow. To urinate, the patient must strongly strain the diaphragm and abdominal muscles. Urination becomes wave-like and intermittent. The consequences of the changes that occur are manifested in the loss of muscle elasticity and dilation of the urinary tract. At this stage, renal functions begin to deteriorate.
3. Stage of decompensation or third stage of development. The cavity of the bladder at this stage is greatly stretched, it is literally clogged with urine, so it can be easily palpated and distinguished visually. Emptying the bladder is impossible, even if the man intensively strains the abdominal muscle tissue. In this case, the urge to urinate becomes constant, incessant, and is accompanied by continuous pain in the abdomen. Urine continuously drips from the urethra, which means that urinary retention, typical for an adenoma, has formed. The consequences of such changes inevitably lead to the development of chronic kidney failure. If in such a condition the patient does not receive proper care, then he faces death from chronic renal failure.

Clinical manifestations

All clinical manifestations of pathology can be divided into irritative (which are associated with irritation) and obstructive (closely associated with difficulties in excreting urine).

Irritative symptoms occur against the background of instability of the bladder structures and appear when an excessive amount of urine accumulates in the bladder cavity.

Nocturia is one of the irritative symptoms, which is manifested by increased frequency of urination at night. A man can get up to go to the toilet two or more times a night.

Pollakiuria is also a characteristic sign of adenoma, which consists of increased frequency of urination during the day. If normally the patient urinates 4-6 times a day, then with pollakiuria he runs to the toilet 15-20 times a day. Patients are also bothered by false urination, which also refers to the irritative manifestations of prostatic hyperplasia.

Symptomatic manifestations of an obstructive nature include signs such as a sluggish stream of urine during urination or primary urinary retention, that is, when urine is not released immediately, but begins to flow out only after some straining. To go to the toilet normally, a man must quite noticeably tense his abdominal muscles.

Also, obstructive symptoms include the intermittent nature of urination, when the stream is interrupted many times during one emptying, then the process of urination resumes again, and so on several times. At the end of the urination process, urine comes out in droplets, which should not normally happen. Moreover, even when the patient urinates, he still has a feeling of incomplete bladder emptying.

Dangerous consequences of adenoma

Although prostate adenoma is a benign formation, this pathological condition in the absence of the necessary therapy can have very unpleasant and even deadly consequences.

Typically, complications arise when, under the influence of any factors, critical compression of the ureteric structures occurs. In such a case, the patient will not be able to empty the bladder cavity, which will lead to acute urine retention.

In addition, the development of complications occurs due to the lack or improper treatment of hyperplastic processes.

Acute urine retention

The most common complication of adenoma is acute urine retention. This condition is characterized by the inability to urinate. Similar consequences usually occur at stages 2-3 of the pathological process, i.e. at the compensatory and subcompensatory stages.

• The complication usually develops against the background of severe fatigue, hypothermia, or prolonged sitting.
• This condition is accompanied by quite pronounced painful complications.
• If signs of acute urinary retention appear, they are regarded as a signal for immediate hospitalization of the patient, because such a condition is extremely dangerous due to the formation of zones with muscle micro-tears, in which a serious disruption of blood flow will occur.
• Acute urinary retention is typically characterized by an exacerbation of the feeling of critical overcrowding of the bladder cavity, in which the patient experiences an acute desire to urinate. But when you try to empty the bladder, the process cannot be completed completely, and the release of a small amount of urine is accompanied by acute unbearable pain.

Treatment is carried out by inserting a catheter into the bladder.

If the patient also suffers from prostatitis, then this method of treatment is not suitable, because the catheter is inserted through the urethra.

In such a situation, they resort to cystomy, when drainage is installed directly into the bladder. To do this, the patient is given a puncture in the peritoneum, through which a drainage tube is inserted.

Inflammatory lesions

A fairly common occurrence in patients with prostate adenoma is the development of complications in the form of infectious and inflammatory pathologies of the urinary system.

Stagnant urine in the bladder is an ideal environment for the proliferation of pathogenic microorganisms.

If inflammation of the bladder structures and urinary stasis progress, the infection reaches the kidney tissue, where it manifests itself in the development of pyelonephritis. Typically, such consequences develop at the third stage of adenoma and are manifested by a fever and acute lumbar pain. Without proper therapy, the pathology can lead to chronic renal failure.

Urolithiasis disease

Against the background of incomplete emptying of the bladder cavity, deposits of mineral origin - calculi - gradually form in its structures. The development of stone formation is also facilitated by infectious complications that arise against the background of stagnation.

The resulting microliths can cause blockage of the urinary tract, which will only aggravate the patient’s condition and increase urinary stasis. With a complication in the form of urolithiasis, urination becomes even more frequent, especially when the urge is disturbing during physical activity or driving on uneven roads.

In this case, the man experiences severe pain in the penis. Treatment is carried out surgically; simultaneously with the removal of the adenoma, the stones are also removed.

Hematuria

Also, one of the complications of adenoma is the appearance of red blood cells in urine, in other words, blood in the urine or hematuria. The cause of this complication is varicose veins of the vessels of the bladder neck.

Moreover, hematuria can have varying degrees of severity - from microscopic, when red blood cells are detected only through laboratory tests, to macroscopic, when urine acquires a bright red tint.

Hydronephrosis and chronic kidney failure

Also, against the background of adenoma, a concomitant complication such as hydronephrosis can develop. This is a rather dangerous pathological condition in which the kidney becomes overcrowded due to the impossibility of proper urination.

The main manifestations of hydronephrosis are severe lumbar pain, unbearable urination, nausea and vomiting syndrome and hyperthermia, inability to empty the bladder. Typically, hydronephrosis is a natural consequence of acute urinary retention.

This phenomenon, in the absence of appropriate intervention, soon leads to damage to the renal structures and the development of chronic kidney failure.

Chronic renal failure is one of the common causes of death in patients with prostate adenoma.

Typically, this condition develops as a result of urolithiasis or chronic pyelonephritis.

Against the background of such a complication, pericarditis or pulmonary edema, myocardial dystrophy and endocrine disruptions, encephalopathy, problems with blood clotting, weakened immunity, etc. develop.

Treatment of adenoma

Therapy for adenoma can be conservative or surgical. In the early stages of pathological development or the presence of a number of contraindications, drug treatment is irreplaceable.

• To relieve pathological symptoms, the patient is prescribed α-blockers such as Terazosin, Tamsulosin, Alfuzosin or Doxazosin.
• The use of 5-α-reductase inhibitors, which include Finasteride or Dutasteride, is also indicated.
• Herbal preparations based on components such as sabal fruit or African plum bark are also effective in the initial stages of therapy.
• Since adenoma is quite often accompanied by infectious processes, which it itself provokes, patients are prescribed antibiotic therapy, which involves taking Gentamicin or cephalosporin drugs.
• When antibiotic therapy is completed, the intestines will need additional help to successfully recover, for which probiotic drugs are prescribed.
• Supporting the immune system with drugs like Interferon, α-2b or Pyrogenal is also extremely important.
• Since almost all patients with adenoma have atherosclerotic vascular changes, it is difficult for medicinal drugs to reach the prostate, so men are prescribed Trental, which normalizes blood circulation.

In difficult cases, surgical treatment is performed. There are many methods of such therapy, such as adenomectomy, transurethral resection, laser destruction or ablation, transurethral vaporization.

Forecasts

Hyperplastic changes in prostatic tissues are quite amenable to therapy at the initial stages of the pathological process and the formation of growths.

If the adenoma is advanced, the patient’s quality of life seriously declines, and the threat of developing dangerous consequences only increases. Therefore, in such situations, the situation can only be corrected through surgical treatment.

Typically, surgical removal of prostatic adenoma makes the patient's life easier for about 15 years, after which repeated intervention is necessary.

After surgery, inflammatory relapses are quite possible, so during the rehabilitation period it is necessary to follow a gentle diet, avoid hypothermia and overwork, and periodically be examined by a specialist. To initially minimize the risk of developing adenoma, a man must follow dietary principles in his diet, be sure to provide daily moderate exercise, monitor his weight and avoid physical inactivity. In addition, it is necessary to exclude situations in which hypothermia, overfilling of the bladder or constipation are possible.

Source: https://DlyaMuzhikov.ru/prostate/adenome/chem-opasna-adenoma-prostaty.html

What are the possible consequences after surgery to remove prostate adenoma?

Prostate adenoma is a benign tumor in men, characterized by the growth of the glandular structure of the organ, an increase in the gland in volume and compression of nearby organs, which is manifested by problems with urination, and in advanced, severe cases – chronic renal failure and kidney failure.

In the initial stages, the disease is easily treated with conservative methods. A protracted process often has to be treated with surgical intervention. The doctor decides which one will be chosen, but postoperative consequences of removal of prostate adenoma cannot be ruled out.

What complications are possible and how to deal with them will be discussed below.

Consequences of surgery on prostate adenoma

When a patient comes to see a urologist, the doctor, after making a diagnosis, is in no hurry to send the patient to the operating table. Any pathological process begins to be treated with medications.

If such therapy does not bring the planned result, they resort to radical measures through surgery. For a number of symptoms, treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia begins with a surgeon. These symptoms are:

1. Inability to perform the act of urination due to complete compression of the urethral canal by a hypertrophied gland.
2. Frequent but unproductive urge to urinate.
3. The appearance of blood in the urine.
4. Very frequent infectious processes in the organs of the genitourinary system.
5. Urinary incontinence.
6. The appearance of stones in the bladder.
7. Severe attacks of pain that cannot be controlled with medications.
8. Progression of the process of proliferation of glandular tissue.

Important

Representatives of the stronger half in old age do not undergo surgery on the prostate gland, because there is a high probability that complications after removal of prostate adenoma will cost them their lives.

The method of surgical intervention is chosen by the doctor after a thorough study of the history of life and illness, the clinical picture and the individual characteristics of the patient’s body. Surgeons use the following methods in their practice:

Previously, the only method of surgical treatment of prostate adenoma was adenomectomy. But lately they have resorted to it only in extreme cases:

1. If the hypertrophied gland is huge, more than 80 mm.
2. If stones are found in the bladder.
3. If there is a need to remove a diverticulum in the bladder.

In other cases, other methods are used, most often transurethral resection, because the consequences of removing prostate adenoma through the urethra are very dangerous. In the first days after the intervention, primary or secondary bleeding, as well as acute heart failure, may develop.

The first 7 days of the postoperative regimen are no less dangerous. Pulmonary embolism, pneumonia, renal and liver failure are often diagnosed. The risk of exacerbation of a urinary infection increases.

Another week later, when the drainage and catheter are removed, dysuric disorders appear, urine retention or incontinence, epididymitis (inflammatory process in the epididymis), finiculitis (infectious-inflammatory process of the spermatic cord). Another unpleasant consequence is urine leakage from the wound.

Symptoms of possible complications

Some patients develop water intoxication after a tour, due to the fluid used to irrigate the bladder entering the bloodstream. In rare cases, it may be diagnosed:

• Hematuria (blood in the urine).
• Discharge of blood through the urethra.
• Inflammation of prostate tissue.
• Cystitis.
• Incontinence.
• Retrograde type of ejaculation (a condition when sperm is not poured out, but into the bladder).

Based on clinical observations and patient reviews, the consequences of the tour operation occur in only 1 out of 10 operated men.

Laser enucleation is considered a minimally invasive operation. The risk of complications is minimized. But, as with any rule, there are exceptions here too. Complications of BPH in this case are characterized by:

1. Temporary urinary incontinence.
2. Frequent acts of urination, accompanied by a burning sensation.
3. The presence of bloody inclusions in the urine.
4. Erectile dysfunction.
5. Decreased sex drive.
6. Damage to bladder tissue.
7. Incomplete removal of the adenoma.

The same consequences can be observed with laser vaporization.

Laparoscopic surgery is characterized by a short postoperative period. Due to the fact that tissue dissection is minimal (small punctures are made), the risk of postoperative infection or bleeding is practically impossible.

Urinary incontinence or, conversely, retention may occur, but this problem can be easily overcome by controlling the abdominal muscles.

Complications of prostate adenoma after arterial embolization are characterized by:

1. Hematuria.
2. Hemospermia (bloody inclusions in semen).
3. Hematoma in the projection of the puncture.

Serious complications never occur. Arterial embolization has one important advantage - the patient is discharged home 3 to 4 hours after the intervention.

Source: https://prostatitaid.ru/adenoma-prostaty/posledstviya-posle-operatsii.html

Prostate adenoma in men - symptoms, treatment, surgery and consequences: the best medicines and therapeutic massage

Today, a fairly large number of men are faced with such a problem as prostate adenoma. This pathology is a benign formation that actively develops in the prostate gland.

What is an adenoma

This pathology has a negative impact on a man’s sex life , and also leads to serious problems associated with the process of urination.

If you do not begin to treat the disease in the early stages of its development, this can lead to the fact that a representative of the stronger sex will simply become impotent.

Also keep in mind that a seemingly benign formation that is harmless at first glance can turn into malignant.

Most often, this disease affects men over forty years of age. However, the development of the disease in the younger generation cannot be ruled out. Treatment of adenoma in the early stages can be carried out using medication. However, if the disease begins to progress, the doctor will prescribe a procedure such as surgery.

Causes of prostate adenoma

In fact, scientists have not yet figured out what the exact reasons for the development of such a dangerous disease are. However, it is known that the development of adenoma of the male genital organs is directly related to the patient’s age .

As you know, with age, the amount of the male hormone testosterone in the body decreases, but the amount of estradiol, on the contrary, increases.

An excessive amount of this hormone in the male body leads to the fact that the number of prostate cells begins to rapidly increase.

So, let's look at the main causes of prostate adenoma in men:

• the presence of excess weight, as well as lack of physical activity. As is known, excessive accumulation of adipose tissue leads to an increase in the level of estradiol in the male body;
• the disease can also be inherited . Very often, adenoma affects those representatives of the stronger sex whose relatives also had this pathology;
• the disease can also make itself felt in cases of problems with blood pressure;
• Another very important reason for the development of the disease is an incorrectly structured diet. Excessive consumption of fried, fatty foods, seasoned with large amounts of spices, greatly increases the risk of developing pathology.

Symptoms of the disease

The first thing you need to pay attention to is how the process of urination occurs. Let's consider the main symptoms that will signal that the disease has begun to actively develop:

• after going to the toilet, a man feels that his bladder is not completely emptied. Normally, such a phenomenon is impossible;
• also, the presence of the disease will be signaled by very sluggish and slow urination , which occurs with delays and interruptions;
• every trip to the toilet will be accompanied by strong tension in the abdominal muscles;
• After completing the urination process, additional droplets of urine are released. Normally this should not happen;
• It is very important to pay attention to the number of trips to the toilet. Normally, it should be no more than five to six times a day;
• at night, the process of urination should not occur at all;
• It is also worth paying attention to a man’s sexual attraction. However, this symptom may also indicate the presence of other diseases of the male genitourinary system.

Treatment without surgery

Medicine for prostate adenoma in men can be used if the disease has not yet acquired an advanced form.

In this case, medications are prescribed that can minimize the symptoms of the disease and also stop the growth of the tumor.

Most often, doctors prescribe a medicine for prostate adenoma in men, which can enlarge the urethra and normalize the process of urination.

However, it will take quite a long time for the positive effect to occur. Such drugs are taken for at least six months, but a good therapeutic effect can be noticed within a month after starting use. Medicines that can dilate the urethra include drugs such as Alfuzosin, Doxazosin and others.

After six months of regular use of the products, you can notice how the organ has shrunk by almost three times.

Doctors recommend treating prostate hyperplasia (adenoma), used to reduce it, with medications such as Finasteride, Dutasteride and many others.

In what cases is surgery performed for hyperplasia? Of course, if the disease was noticed in the early stages, then you can get rid of it using conservative methods. However, in more advanced stages, surgery cannot be avoided . Let's consider the main indications for surgery for prostate adenoma:

• The patient has serious problems with urination. Even if you have a strong desire to go to the toilet, this may not be possible;
• the urinary tract is at risk of developing inflammatory and infectious diseases;
• the presence of stones in the bladder cavity;
• the occurrence of frequent bleeding from the male genital organs, which cannot be eliminated with drug treatment.

Prostate adenoma can be cured without surgery , the main thing is to start treatment on time. If you don't do this, it can lead to serious urinary problems, impotence and death of the prostate gland.

Important! Surgical treatment of adenoma is carried out only if the doctor is confident that conservative treatment is inappropriate and ineffective.

The disease causes the formation of kidney stones and infertility.

Methods of surgical treatment

If prostatic hyperplasia cannot be cured without surgery, then surgical intervention will have to be performed.

Today, there are a large number of surgical intervention techniques. Let's look at the most basic of them:

• Adenomectomy is a surgical procedure performed using an open method. Typically, this type of operation is performed when the prostate has acquired a fairly impressive size. Using this method, you can not only remove excess tissue, but also tumors and stones. The main advantage of prostate adenomectomy is excellent visualization of both the bladder and the prostate itself.
• Laser treatment is considered very effective and safe. There are a large number of laser prostate removal methods. With the help of modern laser techniques, it is possible to easily remove affected tissue, as well as expand the urinary channel.
• Transurethral resection is also a very effective surgical method . This type of surgical intervention is closed, since the treatment is carried out endoscopically through the cavity of the male genital organ. The operation is performed without incisions using a resectoscope.

Period after surgery

The postoperative period after removal of prostate adenoma lasts about a month. At this time, you need to treat your health as carefully as possible in order to minimize negative consequences.

Once the surgical procedure is complete, a catheter will be inserted into the urinary system to drain all fluid from the urinary system. Typically, such an instrument is removed a few days after the procedure.

If it was not possible to cure prostate adenoma without surgery, then be prepared for the fact that after surgery you will have to take a course of antibiotics. This is necessary in order to eliminate the risk of developing inflammatory processes .

After the intervention, blood discharge may appear in the urine for two weeks. This is normal as the healing process occurs.

Prostate adenoma in men is considered a rather dangerous disease, so treat it with all responsibility.

It is very important to drink plenty of fluids during the recovery period. This will speed up the healing process.

After your doctor discharges you home, avoid lifting heavy objects for a few more weeks, and try not to get overstimulated.

Prostate hyperplasia without timely treatment can lead to dangerous complications that will not only complicate the life process, but can also cause death.

Prostate adenoma massage

In fact, massage of prostate adenoma at home by your wife is a very effective procedure that can positively stimulate the prostate gland. Massage restores the functions of the genital organs and also eliminates congestion.

The prostate adenoma can be massaged by the wife at home or by the man himself. It is very important to do the procedure correctly. Many representatives of the stronger sex are only wondering how to treat prostate adenoma in men with medications. But they are simply afraid to give a massage.

To make this procedure as comfortable as possible, before performing it you need to perform a cleansing enema and also drink two glasses of water. The woman inserts her finger into the anus and stimulates the desired area. This procedure must be carried out wearing sterile gloves.

Note! A benign tumor can turn into a malignant one, so ignoring the disease is deadly.

Video: prostate adenoma - symptoms, treatment without surgery

Conclusion

Prostate hyperplasia is a treatable disease. It is very important not to neglect your health and begin to eliminate pathology in its early stages. It is very important to familiarize yourself with information on how to treat adenoma. The more you know about this disease, the better equipped you are.

Source: https://doktora.guru/urologiya/adenoma-prostaty-u-muzhchin-simptomy-lechenie-operatsiya-posledstviya.html

Prostate adenoma in men: symptoms, surgery, consequences

Home → Useful information → Prostate adenoma in men: symptoms, surgery, consequences

A fairly common disease in mature men is prostate adenoma. This pathology is characterized by the appearance of a benign tumor formed from glandular tissue.

According to statistics, in 50% of cases the disease is diagnosed in men over 50 years of age. In patients over 80 years of age, adenoma occurs in 80% of cases. The formation of a tumor in the prostate is directly associated with age-related changes occurring in the body of men.

Reasons for the development of prostate adenoma

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Many experts associate the development of the tumor with a decrease in testosterone production and an increase in estrogen secretion, which usually occurs in men after 40 years of age.

Possible provocateurs also include:

• unfavorable changes in hormonal levels;
• inactive lifestyle;
• physical fatigue;
• overweight.

Compromising factors are:

• inflammatory diseases of the genitourinary organs;
• hypertension;
• atherosclerosis;
• unbalanced diet;
• bad habits;
• hereditary predisposition to tumor processes.

Types of prostate adenoma

Classification of benign tumors in the prostate:

1. Glandular adenoma - the disease begins with the formation of small nodules in the glandular epithelium of the prostate. Gradually their number increases, but for a long time they do not increase in size. As the pathological nodules spread, the urethra narrows, making the process of urination difficult.
2. Fibrous adenoma (fibroadenoma) is the replacement of healthy prostate tissue with connective or scar tissue. Has a long development period. If left untreated and exposed to unfavorable factors, it can develop into a cancerous tumor.
3. Muscle adenoma - smooth muscle tissue grows, which leads to the formation of a tumor. This form of adenoma is extremely rare. This form of pathology often provokes kidney dysfunction.  

The patient may also be diagnosed with mixed prostate adenoma.

Based on location and structure, the tumor is divided into retrotrigonal, intravesical and intratrigonal. Each type of adenoma definitely affects the functioning of the genitourinary system.

For example, with an intravesical (intravesical) tumor, growth is observed towards the bladder, often wedging into its cavity. Which subsequently leads to a narrowing of the urinary canal and a change in the bladder neck. Accordingly, the process of urination is disrupted, and the prostate gland becomes swollen.

Intratrigonal (subvesical) adenoma develops towards the rectum and often changes the shape of the bottom of the bladder. This type of adenoma contributes to the development of problems in the upper urinary tract.

The most minimal consequences are observed when a retrotrigonal (prevesical) tumor is detected, which grows in the lateral sections and can only slightly lift the bladder or change the angle of entry of the ureters into it. Urinary retention in this case is rare.

Stages of prostate adenoma

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The male disease has three stages of development:

1. At stage I, the effective functioning of the bladder is maintained. The patient does not experience any characteristic discomfort. The only manifestation of the disease may be a repeated urge to urinate at night. During the daytime, the frequency of emptying the bladder remains the same for the first time. Gradually, the urge to urinate increases with a decrease in the volume of fluid coming out and the emergence of an imperative urge.
2. At stage II of prostate adenoma, dystrophic changes occur in the urinary organ, and a gradual increase in volume occurs. The act of urination is painful, becomes intermittent and multiphasic. The amount of urine remaining can reach 200 ml. At this stage, the urinary tract expands, urine flow and kidney function are impaired. Main symptoms: intermittent and wave-like stream of urine, painful and prolonged urination, the volume of the bladder increases, and signs of renal failure occur.
3. At stage III of adenoma, there is a constant desire to empty the bladder. Urine is released frequently, but in a very small volume. A man is experiencing unbearable pain in the lower abdomen. The symptoms of chronic renal failure increase, as a result of which the patient may die. At this stage of the disease, the patient needs immediate medical attention.

Methods for diagnosing prostate adenoma

At the first appointment, the urologist performs a palpation examination of the prostate gland, which involves a digital examination of the organ. This procedure is performed with a full bladder, which allows the specialist to assess the severity of symptoms.

To confirm the pre-established diagnosis and exclude concomitant infectious complications, the patient must undergo several more diagnostic procedures:

• take a urethral smear;
• examination of prostate secretions;
• ultrasonography;
• uroflowmetry;
• excretory urography;
• cystography.

To exclude a malignant process, the patient is referred for a prostate biopsy.

Based on the results of the study, the doctor makes a diagnosis and selects a treatment course.

Treatment methods for prostate adenoma

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To determine treatment tactics, a preliminary calculation of the severity of the disorders is performed using a specially developed symptom scale. If the patient has a result within 9-18 points, drug therapy is prescribed. A score above 18 points indicates the need for surgical treatment.

Conservative therapy is based on taking drugs that reduce tumor size (5-alpha reductase inhibitors) and reduce pressure on the urethra (alpha blockers). The drug course also includes the use of anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antispasmodic and antibacterial drugs. In addition, the patient may be prescribed herbal preparations.

The ineffectiveness of conservative therapy, as well as a high score on the symptom scale, indicates the need for surgical intervention. Surgical treatment is carried out as planned. The patient should undergo a little preparation beforehand.

1. Transurethral resection of prostate adenoma is a minimally invasive intervention performed through the urethral canal. This method is not acceptable for renal failure and other complications of prostate disease.
2. Adenomectomy is an open operation to remove a tumor, performed even with complications of prostate adenoma.

After surgery to remove prostate adenoma, there is a possibility of relapse of the disease. To reduce the risks of their development, the patient must follow all the doctor’s recommendations: adherence to a dietary diet, avoidance of overwork and hypothermia, as well as regular preventive examinations by the attending urologist.

Source: https://GlavVrach.net/info/adenoma-prostaty-u-muzhchin-simptomy-operaciya-posledstviya

Prostatitis - surgery: in what cases is surgery required and what are its consequences?

Surgical treatment of prostatitis in men is the most radical method of treating prostate adenoma. Surgery should be performed only on the recommendations and direction of a doctor if medication methods do not bring the desired results. When prostatitis is diagnosed, surgery is not prescribed very often, and only in advanced stages of the disease.

Indications for surgery

For a doctor to refer a patient for surgery, there must be a compelling reason. Before going under the surgeon’s knife, study the indications for the operation and its consequences. Various medications and a healthy lifestyle will help you avoid surgery for prostatitis.

Attention! Prostatectomy is the complete removal of the prostate gland.

Such an operation is used very rarely for cancer or an advanced form of adenoma. Surgical treatment of the acute form will help avoid prostatectomy.

Resection is the partial removal of inflamed tissue. An operation is performed if the patient has a history of chronic prostatitis, benign or malignant prostatic hyperplasia, or cancerous cell lesions. Surgery for prostatitis in men helps relieve pain and makes a person’s life easier.

The list of indications includes chronic types of prostatitis, which are accompanied by severe pain, bleeding during urination and urinary retention. A swollen male organ prevents the body from functioning normally and delays blood supply and microcirculation.

The first thing that suffers is the genitourinary system. The urethra comes under “open fire”, the infection spreads further, provoking the formation of stones in the kidneys and bladder. Surgical removal of precisely the area that interferes with the normal functioning of the genitourinary system.

How is the operation done?

Surgery for prostatitis in men is performed in three main ways. The surgeon will determine the method of access to the prostate gland. It is recommended to conduct laboratory and ultrasound examinations to exclude contraindications. The table describes the main methods of performing the operation.

Access	Description
Transurethral	The removal method is considered the safest. There is no need to do any punctures. Resection is performed using a special tube. A special device and a burning loop are inserted into the urethra. Removal is performed through the genital organ and does not last long.
Laparoscopy	The operation is performed under local or general anesthesia, depending on health and the presence of contraindications. Small punctures are made in three places, into which a lighting device, an instrument and a special camera are inserted. Removal occurs using the monitor. This is a common method often used in surgical practice.
Suprapubic	The surgeon makes an incision on the anterior abdominal wall. The specialist removes the interfering part of the organ, leaving the vessels without ligation. The incision is sutured, and the prostate will recover on its own. This is the most dangerous and traumatic method, which is already considered obsolete

There is no rush to undergo surgery for any form of the disease. If an enlarged prostate in men does not cause discomfort, it is worth trying drug therapy first. The list of indications includes the following recommendations for surgical treatment:

• A chronic form of prostatitis, accompanied by severe pain and the presence of stone deposits.
• BPH.
• Oncological diseases of the prostate gland.
• Frequent urge to urinate without emptying or with a small amount of discharge.
• Bedwetting, constant urge in the dark.
• The presence of bloody discharge in the urine, prolonged hematuria.

Only a urologist will assess the extent of the need for resection or another type of removal. There is no need to carry out an expensive operation in a private clinic without a strict prescription. Surgical procedures have serious consequences.

Preparing for surgery

Any procedure, especially resection, requires certain preparation. It is not enough to carry out all the manipulations the day before the operation; strict adherence to the rules will be required.

Before the surgeon begins the removal operation, you need to undergo a complete diagnosis of the disease. Follow the step-by-step instructions:

• In addition to the urologist, you need to visit a general practitioner. The doctor will refer the patient to be examined by a cardiologist, anesthesiologist and other specialists.
• You will need to undergo a laboratory examination, take general urine and blood tests, and determine the level of prostatic antigen.
• An ultrasound examination is prescribed, and in some cases a tissue biopsy is indicated. With the results obtained, an assessment of the size and location, you need to go to the doctor.
• X-ray examinations of the pelvic organs. Not always necessary if a complete ultrasound is available.
• Assessment of malignancy and benignity of formation.
• Additional activities: electrocardiogram, testing for HIV infection and syphilis, hepatitis and other dangerous diseases.

A week before the operation, you need to cleanse the body by taking diuretics. The doctor will also recommend following a special diet that will help you recover faster after surgery.

A few hours before surgery, you should refrain from eating and limit your water intake. The nurse will also give the patient a cleansing enema. If necessary, a special catheter or drainage will be installed.

The duration of laparoscopy or resection does not exceed an hour. For several days, to remove urine and stagnation of secretions, a catheter is inserted into the urethra to help flush the canal. Types of anesthesia - local or spinal.

Types of surgical treatment

Before going under the surgeon’s knife, you should familiarize yourself with the possible types of tissue removal of the male organ. New removal methods are popular now. Every year there are more of them. Operations are carried out in the following ways:

• Transurethral resection. The procedure is often abbreviated as TUR. Using a special tube, it is possible to completely or partially get rid of the prostate gland. The maximum weight of the tumor that can be excised is 60 g. In addition to the surgeon, the attending physician is present at the operation, constantly monitoring the progress of the process through the monitor. This surgical treatment method has virtually no complications.
• Transvesical adenomectomy. This is not partial, but complete removal of the prostate gland. A method of treatment is indicated in the presence of a tumor that reaches a size of 80 g. The surgeon opens the bladder, cuts out the swollen organ and sutures the incision.
• Transurethral incision. A method of radiofrequency radiation when a resectoscope is inserted into the urinary canal. The prostate gland is incised. This method is more gentle and is recommended for young people, as it has minimal consequences and practically does not affect subsequent sexual life.  
• Laser surgery. Electromagnetic treatment is widely popular. A person receives a controlled dose of radiation, in which healthy cells remain intact and the source of inflammation is reduced. The method is very popular, since the operation can be done without anesthesia, and there are no postoperative scars left on the skin.
• Laparoscopy. This method of surgical intervention helps not only to remove the prostate, but also cysts, tumors or other organs. Most often performed under general anesthesia, it is indicated in emergency cases when there is a problem with making a diagnosis.
• Embolization of prostate arteries. A modern medicine method developed recently. The idea is to reduce blood flow to the organ and leave the prostate without nutrition. You need to make a small incision so as not to saturate the cells with oxygen. After some time, the prostate gland decreases in size.

The best method, according to reviews from patients and doctors, which has virtually no contraindications or consequences, is to treat the problem with a laser.

 However, the procedure is not performed in government institutions; you need to pay a large amount for the operation.

The laser procedure can also be performed in a public clinic for a fee. The minimum price rate is 50,000 rubles.

The therapeutic effect is due to a special light beam, which controls the degree of irradiation on the affected cells of the male organ.

However, laser surgery is indicated to remove small enlargements. The maximum size of the affected cells is 30 g. This is a disadvantage of the procedure, since radical measures are often taken in case of chronic disease or cancer. In general, it will take no more than two months for the body to fully recover after surgery.

Consequences and complications of operations

The most important question is how the intervention will affect the functioning of internal organs after the procedure. The recovery period lasts from 2 to 6 months. Acute resuscitation period (depending on the type of anesthesia) – 2-3 days.

Therapeutic prescriptions and recommendations for further lifestyle will be given by the attending physician. Follow a strict diet, avoid sports activities and follow medical rehabilitation therapy.

Almost always, surgery to remove the prostate goes without complications. Bleeding and allergic reactions occur in a tiny percentage of cases. The following consequences are common:

• Erectile disfunction. It is temporary, most likely the erection is suppressed by medications, since the patient needs sexual rest for some time.
• Mixing sperm with urine. The patient may notice this in the toilet.
• Pain syndrome, discomfort in the pelvic organs. In its acute form, it may appear on the first day after surgery.
• Bleeding. There may be blood clots in the urine on the first day after removal of the tumor; mixing will stop after a few days.

Note! The most unpleasant consequence is relapse and restoration of the inflammatory process.

To prevent it, strictly follow your doctor’s prescriptions, do not ignore drug therapy, and follow preventive measures.

To avoid unpleasant complications and consequences, you must strictly adhere to bed rest on the first day. Monitor your health every minute for the next 2 months. If unpleasant symptoms occur or blood is detected in the urine long after removal of the affected part of the organ, consult a urologist about the problem.

Rehabilitation

After 72 hours, the doctor will remove the catheter. Laparoscopic removal will leave a drainage in the abdomen for several days.

An important aspect is patient rehabilitation. In order for a man to return to normal life, the following rules must be followed:

• Prevention and treatment with drugs. Drug therapy is prescribed by the attending physician. Strictly follow the treatment regimen and indicated dosage. If you are individually intolerant to the active components of the medication, consult your doctor to change the drug.
• Avoid sports activities for the next 2 months. Motor activity can be restored after the specified period.
• Follow dietary guidelines. You should strictly avoid sweets, salty foods, smoked foods, fast food, and exclude canned food, instant foods and other harmful substances from your diet. Alcoholic and carbonated drinks, strong coffee and tea are prohibited.
• Follow the drinking regime - the body needs at least 2 liters of clean water a day.

Source: https://prostatu.guru/lechenie/nuzhna-li-pri-prostatite-operatsiya-i-kakovy-ee-posledstviya.html