Fibrous mastopathy: causes of development and clinical picture of the disease

• Fibrocystic mastopathy is a condition of the mammary gland in which the normal relationship between epithelial and connective tissue elements is disrupted. At the same time, all kinds of cysts are formed in the breast tissue, which can reach different sizes. The prevalence of this pathological process reaches 70% among women of childbearing age, and its prevalence has been increasing recently. Most often, mastopathy is combined with various hyperplastic processes in the genital organs. Symptoms of fibrocystic mastopathy are nonspecific, so additional research methods are required to make a final diagnosis. The main clinical manifestations of this pathological condition are:
  • Presence of a tumor formation in the mammary gland
  • It is usually painless
  • Breast engorgement
  • The appearance of colostrum when pressing on the nipples.

  The main pathogenetic factor of mastopathy is considered to be an increased level of estrogen in a woman’s body. He can be:

  • Relatively elevated (estrogens levels are normal, but progesterone levels are sharply reduced)
  • Absolutely elevated (estrogen levels are initially high, regardless of progesterone levels).

  The development of relative or absolute hyperestrogenemia is possible in the following situations that increase the likelihood of fibrocystic mastopathy:

  • The woman had no history of pregnancy or childbirth
  • First pregnancy at age 35 or older
  • Termination of pregnancy with pharmacological drugs or surgery
  • Lactation that ended too early or lasted more than one year
  • Liver diseases in which protein synthetic activity is impaired
  • Various dishormonal conditions, etc.

  Recently, hyperprolactinemia, that is, an increased level of prolactin, has played a large role in the development of fibrocystic mastopathy. This is accompanied by the appearance of breast tenderness and engorgement.

  A diagnostic search for suspected fibrocystic mastopathy includes the following research methods:

  • Mammography – X-ray examination of the mammary glands
  • Ultrasound examination of the mammary glands and genital organs, as there are often common pathological processes
  • Puncture of pathological formations in the chest followed by cytological examination
  • Biopsy and morphological examination, which is the “gold” standard for diagnosis in complex cases.

  The main complication of fibrocystic mastopathy is the malignant degeneration of cysts. This process is observed in 30% of cases. That is why it is very important to promptly diagnose and treat mastopathy (a benign proliferative process).

  With regard to malignancy, that is, malignant degeneration, it is important to distinguish two main types of cysts in mastopathy:

  • Proliferative (in this case the risk of cancer is higher)
  • Non-proliferative (causes less oncological suspicion).

  Treatment for fibrocystic mastopathy can be:

  • Conservative
  • Operational.

  At the first stage, the prescription of hormonal drugs is indicated. In 70% of cases, this allows you to avoid surgery.

  It is recommended to use progestin drugs, which help normalize the hormonal levels of a woman’s body. GnRH agonists and antigonadotropins can also be used.

  The minimum duration of hormone therapy is 3 months. It must be carried out under dynamic ultrasound control.

• At risk are those women who have the causative factors discussed above.

  Preventive measures for fibrocystic mastopathy are as follows:

  • Optimal time for the implementation of reproductive function (birth of children aged 20 to 35 years, refusal to terminate pregnancy)
  • Breastfeeding a baby up to one year
  • Timely treatment of hormonal disorders
  • Regularly visiting a gynecologist and following all his recommendations
  • Rejection of bad habits.

  The lifestyle when fibrocystic mastopathy is detected is as follows:

  • Timely visit to an oncologist-mammologist
  • Dynamic observation by a doctor
  • Timely treatment of this pathology (conservative or surgical depending on the clinical situation)
  • Rationalization of nutrition according to general recommendations.

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• • discharge from nipples when pressed
  • breast pain
  • nodes in the mammary gland

• Consultation, initial appointment with an oncologist-mammologist

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Fibrous mastopathy of the mammary glands: signs and treatment

Although most females suffer from mastopathy during reproductive age and menopause, few know that mastopathy is a collective concept. The disease has several types, including fibrous, which has its own specific symptoms, causes, and treatment.

Description of the disease

Fibrous mastopathy of the mammary glands - what is it? This is the same pathological growth of breast tissue, but unlike other types of mastopathy, the process is characterized by a fibrous structure and the formation of fibromas (a node of fibrous tissue). This type of mastopathy is also called mammary dysplasia.

Also, fibrous mastopathy has another feature - this is the woman’s age at which this disease can appear. If mastopathy usually occurs in women of reproductive age, who are at least over 20, then the fibrous appearance can also appear in 16-year-old girls. But women over 45 do not get it.

The disease comes in two varieties: fibrocystic and diffuse. It comes in different severity – moderate and pronounced.

Causes

The background for the development of pathology, as usual, is disturbances in the production of hormones.

Main factors of pathology:

• sexual abstinence subject to the beginning of intimate life;
• artificial termination of pregnancy;
• pathologies of the thyroid gland and endocrine system;
• “female” diseases;
• disruptions in the menstrual cycle;
• lack of realization of natural purpose;
• genetics;
• harmful addictions;
• low tolerance to stress;
• taking a lot of topless sunbathing.

There is no need to panic right away; if one factor is discovered, it may not affect the health of the mammary glands. But, if several factors are discovered, then you should think about adjusting your life, as well as the possibility of undergoing a diagnostic examination.

Symptoms

Symptoms vary depending on the severity of fibromatous mastopathy of the mammary gland. At first, women and girls, as a rule, ignore the signs, citing PMS, which normally should not be pronounced.

Symptoms at the onset of the disease:

• chest pain during PMS;
• swelling of the mammary glands;
• feeling of lack of comfort in the mammary glands;
• pronounced PMS.

Symptoms of the disease when the initial stage was ignored:

• progression of pain syndrome, when pain occurs regardless of menstruation;
• feeling of pain in areas near the mammary glands, in the thoracic area;
• discharge that appears from the nipples when they are squeezed;
• breasts change in shape and size;
• one mammary gland is clearly larger than the other;
• nervous system disorders (depression, nervousness, insomnia);
• compaction detection.

If you find the above signs, you need to contact a mammologist or immediately go for an examination. The examination involves undergoing an ultrasound (if the woman is under 40 years old), mammography, MRI, and checking hormones.

Treatment

Therapy is prescribed only by the attending physician; only he knows exactly how to treat the disease in each specific case.

However, you can familiarize yourself with the most common treatment methods, which aim to relieve pain and inflammation, regulate hormones, treat associated pathologies, and rid the mammary glands of fibroids. Fortunately, fibroids can be eliminated without resorting to surgery.

First of all, the doctor prescribes hormonal treatment using hormonal agents, such as: progesterone, anti-estrogen, testosterone, androgen, etc.

Self-prescribing hormonal medications can lead to progression of the disease, and in some cases to oncology.

In addition, the doctor recommends that the patient begin to correct her lifestyle - make her diet more healthy and balanced, put her nervous system in order (sometimes this requires the help of a psychotherapist, especially for people with VSD), review the daily routine and physical activity.

Many doctors, before prescribing serious medications, recommend traditional medicine for breast mastopathy. In the initial stages, it can completely relieve the disease. But, most often, thanks to the carelessness of women themselves, folk remedies are only included in the complex of general traditional therapy.

Conclusion

In order to avoid debilitating pain and long-term treatment, you need to follow only a few rules: eat right, get enough sleep, take care of your nerves and undergo a scheduled examination once a year on time.

[embedyt]https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y_hHkA1qLXk

Video: Elena Malysheva about fibrocystic mastopathy and why breasts hurt.

Source: https://ProStarenie.ru/bolezni/mastopatiya/fibroznaya.html

What is fibrous mastopathy?

Painful sensations in the chest are familiar to almost every woman. They can be the result of such an unpleasant disease as mastopathy. It is known that women's breasts react very sensitively to any changes in the body. She almost never remains at rest, which is explained by the cyclical processes that occur in the body of every representative of the fair sex every month. In addition, the condition of the breast depends on sex hormones, thyroid hormones, and also on the emotional state of the woman. It is not surprising that disturbances in any of these areas can cause the development of pathological processes in the mammary glands. One of the forms of this disease is fibrous mastopathy.

What kind of disease is this?

This is the name of a condition in which pathological growth of the connective tissue of the breast occurs with a predominance of the fibrous component. In this form of the disease, changes affect the interlobular connective tissue of the breast, and along the way, growth (proliferation) of the intraductal tissue occurs.

This leads to a narrowing of the lumen of the duct, as a result of which it can completely close. In patients with the fibrous form of mastopathy, palpation can reveal dense, heavy areas in the breast tissue, upon which pressure appears painful.

In protracted forms of the disease, the pain syndrome may be somewhat smoothed out.

This form of mastopathy accounts for about 30% of all cases of the disease. Usually the disease occurs in women between 25 and 40 years old and is localized in the outer upper quadrants of the chest. Many women do not pay due attention to the problems that have arisen, but it should be remembered that treatment of mastopathy is necessary, since it can cause oncology.

Causes

Fibrous mastopathy of the mammary glands appears when a hormonal imbalance occurs in the patient’s body, caused by excessive formation of estrogens and insufficient progesterone. There are several reasons that can cause the detailed condition:

• Abortion. Pregnancy entails hormonal changes in a woman’s body; when this process is forcibly interrupted, hormonal disruption often occurs. According to research, the risk of mastopathy in such cases increases by more than 7 times.
• Various gynecological diseases.
• No pregnancies or late births.
• Any endocrine diseases (diabetes mellitus, thyroid disease, etc.).
• Lack of breastfeeding.
• Alcohol and smoking.
• Stressful situations.
• Breast injuries.
• Excessive passion for solarium or tanning.
• Heredity.

Symptoms

The fibrous form of mastopathy is a very common disease. Most women will experience some of its symptoms. Usually, the first signs of fibrous mastopathy are rather vague, so patients tend not to attach much importance to them and it is too late to start treatment. In most cases, the disease makes itself felt by the appearance of the following symptoms:

• The occurrence of discomfort in the chest in the second half of the cycle and during menstruation. Sometimes the pain may radiate to the shoulder blade, shoulder or armpit. Its cause is an increase in interlobular connective tissue septa, leading to increased pressure on the gland tissue.
• The appearance of sensations of discomfort and pressure in the chest area.
• Increase in the volume of the mammary glands. It is explained by swelling of connective tissues and stagnation in the veins. In this case, the breasts can increase in size by more than 15%.

• In addition to the listed symptoms, migraine-like pain, discomfort in the abdominal area, as well as increased nervous excitability, feelings of fear and anxiety are possible.
• Thus, if a woman’s premenstrual syndrome suddenly becomes more pronounced, she should seek advice from a mammologist.
• If adequate treatment is not available, the disease continues to develop. In this case, the following symptoms appear:

• Constant pain in the chest, independent of menstruation.
• The appearance of painful compactions in the tissues of the gland.
• Asymmetry of the mammary glands.
• Increased anxiety and nervousness.
• Increased discomfort in the mammary glands upon palpation.
• In rare cases, discharge from the nipple is observed.
• Sleep disturbance.

Diagnostics

As already mentioned, the occurrence of any signs of mastopathy is a reason to seek help from a doctor. The diagnosis of fibrous mastopathy is made after a series of examinations:

• Palpation of the mammary glands and their examination. It is best to carry it out immediately after the end of menstruation, since premenstrual syndrome, which appears later, can cause misdiagnosis. In this case, the doctor pays attention to how symmetrical the mammary glands are and evaluates the patient’s skin. The study is carried out not only in a standing, but also in a lying position of the patient. In addition, the doctor must find out the condition of the peripheral lymph nodes.
• Mammography. This is an X-ray of the chest taken from different angles. This study is very informative, but it cannot be performed during pregnancy and breastfeeding, as well as in young patients.
• Ultrasound. Such a study makes it possible to find out the nature of the formations, as well as their location and size. In addition, lymph nodes located nearby can be examined in parallel.
• If necessary, a puncture biopsy followed by examination of the material taken.
• Blood analysis.

Treatment

Fibrous mastopathy of the mammary glands, like other types of this disease, is treated comprehensively and only under the supervision of a specialist.

When prescribing treatment for each patient, the doctor relies on examination data, the woman’s history of other diseases, her age, stage of the disease, metabolic and hormonal characteristics of the body.

The main goal of therapy is to identify and subsequently eliminate the causes that led to hormonal imbalance in the body, suppression of proliferative processes occurring in the breast, and treatment of concomitant diseases.

Thus, treatment of this disease is carried out through the use of a number of means:

• Vitamins.
• Sedatives.
• Hormonal agents.
• Diuretics.
• Sedatives.
• Homeopathic remedies.
• Herbal medicines.
• Adaptogens.
• Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. (Treatment with detailed medications is not recommended for chronic use, but they help relieve acute pain.)
• Traditional medicine (this can be various compresses and ointments, as well as herbal tinctures for oral administration).

In some cases, the patient may need the help of a psychotherapist aimed at eliminating the causes of fears and psychological discomfort.

If the origins of the disease are associated with any gynecological or endocrine diseases, treatment of fibrous mastopathy is carried out by a mammologist together with doctors specializing in the fight against such pathologies.

Help in the fight against fibrous mastopathy is maintaining a healthy lifestyle and following a certain diet (patients should avoid drinking coffee, chocolate, tea, cocoa, as they contain methylxanthines, which promote the growth of connective tissue). In addition, the doctor may suggest physiotherapeutic procedures.

As mentioned earlier, if any discomfort occurs in the mammary glands, a woman should contact a mammologist. Timely treatment of fibrous mastopathy will not allow it to develop into a more complex form - nodular - or cause the formation of a malignant tumor. Prevention of the occurrence of the disease is also important.

To do this, a woman should lead a healthy lifestyle, stop drinking alcohol and smoking, avoid stress, and have a full sex life. Monthly self-examination of the mammary glands and timely treatment of any concomitant diseases are also important. All this will help avoid the appearance of diseases such as mastopathy.

Source: http://VashMammolog.ru/mastopatiya/fibroznaya-mastopatiya.html

Fibrous mastopathy

Fibrous mastopathy of the mammary glands is considered a benign disease, but we must not forget that in some of its types it is possible that benign formations may degenerate into malignant ones.

Types of fibrous mastopathy

• Glandular-fibrous - the formation of neoplasms of various sizes in the glandular tissue of the breast.
• Fibrocystic mastopathy is the formation of cystic formations and lumps in the breast.
• Nodular fibrous - the formation of large-sized fibromas.
• Diffuse fibrous - the formation of a large number of small compactions, randomly distributed in the glandular or connective tissue of both mammary glands.

Causes of fibrous mastopathy:

• Thyroid diseases
• Endocrine disorders
• Diseases of the genital area
• Liver diseases
• Abortion
• Long-term sexual abstinence
• Menstrual irregularities
• Genetic predisposition
• Bad habits
• Breast injuries
• Long-term stress and depression
• Abuse of solariums and tanning, especially topless sunbathing
• Taking hormonal contraceptives for a long time

Symptoms of fibrous mastopathy:

• Chest pain that may worsen before menstruation
• Increase in breast size
• Changing the shape of the nipples
• Local temperature rise
• Feeling of fullness, swelling of the mammary gland
• Nipple discharge
• Enlarged lymph nodes in the armpits and collarbones
• Induration of areas with fibrous overgrowth, fine granularity or pronounced lobulation on palpation

Treatment of fibrous mastopathy

In the treatment of fibrous mastopathy, medications, hormonal agents, and combined oral contraceptives are used. If tumor degeneration is suspected, surgical intervention is prescribed, which consists of partial resection. The tissue is then sent for biopsy and chemotherapy may be prescribed depending on the results.

By contacting the Semeynaya clinic, patients can count on high-quality medical care from mammologist specialists of the highest category, who will conduct a complete diagnosis, taking into account all the individual physiological, genetic and psychological characteristics of each patient, which allows increasing the effectiveness of treatment.

Make an appointment with a mammologist

To clarify the details, consult a qualified specialist in the field of mammology at the Semeynaya clinic.

Mammology at Semeynaya is an effective, super modern technology and technique.

You can find out more about the price of an appointment with a mammologist and which mammologist doctors see you in our clinic using the link below

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Source: https://semeynaya.ru/stati/page/1586-fibroznaya-mastopatiya

What is fibrous mastopathy of the mammary glands: causes, signs and treatment

• Mastopathy has many variations that complicate diagnosis and treatment.
• One of the most common forms is fibrous-adenomatous mastopathy, characterized by the appearance of tumors and lumps of various sizes.
• In order not to make a mistake in the treatment regimen, it is important to consult a doctor as soon as possible and conduct a detailed diagnosis to determine the benign nature of the tumors.
• In the article we will talk about fibrous mastopathy, what kind of disease it is and what are the features of treatment.

Mastopathy is the general name for a group of diseases that occur due to hormonal imbalance. The ovaries produce increased amounts of estrogen, while the amount of progesterone decreases.

Breast tissue undergoes changes and compactions appear in them. The nature of these tumors is benign, but they cause a lot of anxiety to women.

To know that this is fibrous mastopathy, the signs should be the following:

• chest pain, which can be constant or paroxysmal, alternating with periods of remission;
• pain in other parts of the body (under the shoulder blade, in the shoulder, under the armpit);
• nipple discharge;
• feeling of heaviness, burning, itching;
• change in the shape and size of the mammary gland;
• enlarged lymph nodes.

With fibrous mastopathy, pain, discomfort and heaviness arise due to stagnation of venous blood and compression of nerve endings by fibroadenomas.

In the initial stage of the disease, only slight heaviness and swelling of the breast may be felt, appearing in the middle of the cycle and stopping with the onset of menstruation.

Mastopathy with a predominance of the fibrous component - what is it? With the development of mastopathy with a fibrous component, pronounced mobile seals appear in the mammary gland, which can be felt independently. They can be constant or change their size depending on the menstrual cycle.

The following types of mastopathy are distinguished::

1. Glandular-fibrous . In the glandular tissues of the mammary gland, compactions of various sizes form.
2. Glandular-cystic . It is characterized by the appearance of cavities (cysts) containing colorless liquid in the breast tissue.
3. Fibrocystic . In this case, both tumors and cysts form in the mammary gland. They can affect one breast, but are usually found in both.

Each of the presented options can be expressed in nodular or diffuse form. The first is characterized by the formation of large tumors or cysts localized in one part of the mammary gland.

In the case of the diffuse cystic or diffuse fibrous form, fibroadenomas and cysts are smaller, they are distributed throughout the breast and are more often detected during medical examination.

What causes fibrous mastopathy? Read below.

There are many reasons for this disease.

Fibrous mastopathy - causes:

• problems with the liver, ovaries, thyroid or pancreas;
• frequent childbirth;
• numerous miscarriages or abortions;
• early or too late menopause (before 35 or after 55 years);
• chest injuries;
• long-term use of hormonal drugs;
• refusal to breastfeed or breastfeeding for too long (longer than 12 months).

Fibrous mastopathy is a disease for which women of different ages are at risk. Fibroadenoma can be found in very young women and adults; it occurs in adolescents, infants and even men.

1. However, tumors are most often diagnosed in women who have recently given birth to a child or had an abortion, as well as in premenopausal women.
2. These conditions are characterized by an increased release of estrogen, against which both benign and malignant neoplasms can occur in the mammary glands, uterus or ovaries.
3. What is fibrous mastopathy of the mammary glands - photo:

Diagnostic options

For timely detection of fibrous fibroadenomatosis of the mammary gland and other changes in the mammary glands, mammologists recommend regular self-examinations. They should be done at the beginning of the cycle, carefully feeling all segments of the breast.

If various seals are detected, you should consult a doctor to confirm or refute the diagnosis.

For a more accurate study, mammologists practice:

1. Ultrasound examination. Prescribed to young women (up to 40 years old). The study allows you to detect the affected areas, but during the premenopausal period the picture becomes less obvious.
2. Mammography. The procedure allows you to detect tumors in women of any age.

   Often prescribed together with ultrasound to clarify the diagnosis.

3. MRI. It is prescribed less frequently and does not always give a clear result.
4. Biopsy. A puncture is taken from the cyst or fibroma to test for cell degeneration. Allows you to confirm the benign nature of the tumor or detect cancer at an early stage.

Sometimes patients are additionally prescribed a blood test and recommended to undergo examination by a gynecologist or endocrinologist.

Features of treatment

Fibrous mastopathy is treated with medications of varying degrees of effect. At an early stage, light non-hormonal drugs for fibrous mastopathy with plant extracts are prescribed.

They relieve pain, heaviness and other discomfort, improve general condition and strengthen the body's defenses.

Fibrous mastopathy - drugs for treatment:

• Phytolon;
• Klamin;
• Mamoklam;
• Mastofit;
• Mastodinon.

Medicines for fibrous mastopathy in the form of tablets, drops, medicinal decoctions and teas are effective. The products have a minimum of contraindications and are canceled only in case of individual intolerance to the components.

• In case of pronounced lumps with a tendency to enlarge and grow, hormonal drugs are prescribed in the form of tablets, injections, and suppositories.
• These drugs can suppress estrogen activity by increasing the amount of progesterone.
• The latest generation of birth control pills have proven themselves well and have virtually no side effects.
• For tumor resorption the following is used:
• For severe fibrous mastopathy and a lack of prolactin, patients are prescribed:

In some cases, patients receive steroid injections. This treatment is usually prescribed to women under 40 years of age. Testosterone injections are prescribed to suppress estrogen activity.

Hormone therapy combines well with a variety of external agents. These can be creams and gels with natural progesterone, as well as lighter ointments and balms with herbal extracts: Prozhektozhel, Mastofil, Lekar.

What to drink for fibrous mastopathy?

For fibrous mastopathy, herbs should be taken tonic and sedative:

• chamomile;
• calendula;
• burnet;
• yarrow;
• dog-rose fruit;
• hawthorn fruits.

Various compresses work well. For example, from grated potatoes or raw beets, relieving pain and heaviness. Cabbage and burdock leaves, which are applied to the chest to reduce pain symptoms, have an excellent effect.

A very important point is changing your lifestyle.

It is important for patients with mastopathy to increase physical activity, giving preference to:

• walks in the fresh air;
• charging;
• swimming;
• non-traumatic sports.

A full night's sleep and a balanced diet, excluding foods that can provoke an exacerbation of the disease, are necessary.

The diet for fibrous mastopathy is based on reducing the total caloric content of the diet. It is very important not to gain excess weight, as excess fat tissue increases the amount of estrogen in the body.

It is recommended to avoid fatty meats, lard, butter, and hydrogenated vegetable fats. It is advisable to exclude from the menu fried foods, fast food, various snacks and canned goods that contribute to fluid retention in the body.

For fibrous mastopathy, vitamins should be included in the daily diet. The basis of the menu should be fresh, stewed or baked vegetables: root vegetables, herbs, tomatoes, cabbage.

To improve digestion, fiber is included in the diet:

• whole grain cereals;
• legumes;
• bran.

Low-fat fermented milk products, fish and soy dishes, a variety of fruits and berries are healthy.

It is necessary to stop smoking and completely eliminate alcohol:

• strong alcohol;
• carbonated long drinks;
• cocktails;
• guilt;
• beer.

Ethyl alcohol in any concentration provokes an increase in estrogen, further disrupting hormonal levels. There has been a direct connection between alcohol and tumor diseases in women.

Illness and pregnancy

Mammologists are unanimous - fibrous mastopathy during pregnancy is not an obstacle to childbirth and breastfeeding. Sometimes, during pregnancy, the hormonal imbalance disappears; in some cases, the disease worsens for a short time, but then its symptoms weaken.

1. Breastfeeding is especially beneficial, promoting the natural resorption of fibroadenomas and cysts.
2. However, breastfeeding for more than 12 months can be a factor in relapse; it is better to discuss this issue with your doctor.
3. He should also be informed about fibrous mastopathy and pregnancy, since he will have to adjust the treatment regimen by abandoning hormonal medications.

Now you know what fibrous mastopathy of the mammary glands is. But can it develop into cancer? Fibrous mastopathy, according to mammologists, does not degenerate into malignant tumors.

Why is fibrous mastopathy dangerous? Despite the fact that the neoplasm is benign in origin, fibrous mastopathy is dangerous ! Hormonal imbalance in itself is a risk factor. Cancerous tumors may arise next to ordinary fibroadenomas, which will differ little from benign formations.

An increase in the amount of estrogen can provoke other forms of cancer, in particular, ovarian and cervical cancer.

Even after recovery from fibrous type mastopathy, patients at risk should be especially attentive to the condition of their breasts and consult a doctor at the slightest discomfort.

You can find more information on this topic in the Diffuse mastopathy section.

Source: https://nesekret.net/mastopatiya/raznovidnosti/diffuznaya/fibroznaya-m

Fibrocystic mastopathy. What is this? Causes, manifestations, diagnosis

For the first time, an accurate definition of the diagnosis of fibrocystic mastopathy (FCM) was formulated by the WHO in 1984, and it sounded as follows: FCM is a disease in which various formations (nodules, cysts, etc.) appear in the mammary gland due to hormonal disorders. ), which do not occur normally, which is often accompanied by pain in the mammary gland. Proliferative and/or regressive changes in tissue in the mammary gland are also considered distinctive signs of this pathology. The peak incidence is observed during childbearing age (about 30-45 years). FCM is considered one of the most common diseases in women, and its prevalence ranges from 30-50%.

What are the causes of the development of fibrocystic mastopathy?

The main reason for the development of fibrocystic mastopathy is hormonal destabilization in the body: the hormones progesterone and estradiol play a dominant role in the process. Factors that determine hormone imbalance may include the following:

• early menarche (early puberty, up to 12 years, leads to rapid hormonal changes, which also affects the condition of the mammary glands);
• late menopause (cessation of menstruation after 55 years is also unfavorable for the mammary glands due to prolonged hormonal effects on their tissue);
• termination of pregnancy (a sharp hormonal decline after an abortion or miscarriage leads to hormonal disorders and the development of mastopathy);
• there were no pregnancies or childbirths at all;
• short period of lactation or categorical refusal to breastfeed;
• heredity (benign and malignant breast diseases in women on the maternal side); age (over 35);
• stress as a cause of endocrine pathology; bad habits;
• injuries to the mammary glands, squeezing the breasts with a tight and uncomfortable bra;
• inflammatory processes of the mammary glands;
• hormonal-dependent gynecological diseases (cycle disorders, anovulation and infertility, fibroids, endometriosis);
• iodine deficiency;
• pathology of the liver, thyroid gland; obesity (adipose tissue acts as an estrogen depot, and their excess leads to hormonal disorders);
• tumors of the hypothalamus and/or pituitary gland (failures in the production of FSH and LH lead to hyperestrogenism);

What are the symptoms?

With mastopathy, the symptoms and their severity depend not only on the form of the disease, but also on the emotional state of the woman and on existing concomitant pathologies. In the mastopathy clinic, the following symptoms predominate: Mastodynia or

soreness of the mammary glands: pain syndrome can be of varying nature and intensity. In the initial stage of the disease, pain in the mammary gland appears on the eve of menstruation, which many women regard as premenstrual syndrome.

The pain can be dull, aching, or so sharp that it is impossible to touch the chest. Women also note an increase in the volume of the mammary glands (edema).

After menstruation, the pain disappears, but as mastopathy progresses, the pain becomes constant, only its intensity changes depending on the phase of the cycle.

Another symptom is nipple discharge and the presence of lumps/lumps in the mammary gland. Discharge from the nipples is a characteristic, but not obligatory symptom of mastopathy. The severity and color of the discharge also varies.

The discharge may be insignificant and appear only when the nipple is compressed, or it may occur independently, as evidenced by stains on the underwear. The color of the discharge may be whitish or transparent, or greenish, which indicates a secondary infection. The appearance of discharge indicates involvement of the milk ducts in the process.

An unfavorable prognostic sign is the appearance of brown or bloody discharge, which is characteristic of malignant tumors.

The diagnosis of mastopathy is made on the basis of a clinical examination of the woman (which includes questioning, examination and palpation) and instrumental examination, which includes methods such as mammography and ultrasound.

Along with these research methods, laboratory methods also play an invaluable role - determination of hormones of the endocrine glands (ovaries, thyroid gland, etc.) in the blood.

• IMPORTANT - all studies carried out regarding mastopathy are recommended to be performed IN THE FIRST PHASE OF THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE, from about 5-8 days of the menstrual cycle, when swelling in the mammary gland tissues decreases.
• Taking care of you, Maria Vyacheslavovna Loseva, ultrasound doctor, gynecologist-mammologist

Source: https://uzi-samara.ru/o-czentre/stati/fibrozno-kistoznaya-mastopatiya-chto-eto-prichinyi,-proyavleniya,-diagnostika.html