Purulent sputum when coughing: causes with varieties and treatment

An acute inflammatory process in the respiratory system is always accompanied by a cough. It can be dry (unproductive) or wet (productive), present constantly or bother a person for periods.

When a cough appears, there will always be mucus secretion to a lesser or greater extent, but purulent sputum is considered a particularly dangerous condition, which is a sure sign of the disease and requires immediate treatment under the supervision of a doctor.

What does purulent sputum during a cough tell us?

In medicine, sputum is classified as a biological substance called tracheobronchial secretion. Normally, sputum is produced in the bronchial tree - 100 ml per day.

It is odorless and colorless, helps remove dust and various microbes from the bronchi, and also contains immune cells that help cope with various pathogenic pathogens.

When pathological processes occur in the bronchopulmonary system, the amount of bronchial secretion increases and can reach up to 1500 ml per day. The color and nature of sputum is important in making a diagnosis.

In addition to purulent exudate, it contains particles of pathogenic bacteria, lipids, immunoglobulins and other substances.

The presence of purulent mucus in the structures of the respiratory system disrupts ventilation of the lungs, affects the bronchial tree, often causes obstruction, which impairs breathing, and worsens the general well-being of the patient.

Read more: Hoarse voice and cough in a child: how to treat, causes

Purulent sputum is a sign of diseases of the respiratory system, therefore, when coughing with its discharge, it is important to determine the underlying disease and carry out appropriate treatment.

Often, such a symptom can be a dangerous sign of tuberculosis or oncology, accompanied by bronchial obstruction and other severe symptoms.

In order to exclude serious conditions, it is recommended to undergo a comprehensive examination and, if necessary, treatment in a hospital.

Purulent cough: causes and treatment methods

Purulent sputum is a thick, viscous liquid produced by the mucous membrane of the respiratory organs. Its color can vary from light yellow to dark brown. In addition to purulent exudate, it contains lipids, immunoglobulins and glycoproteins.

Causes of purulent cough

Mucopurulent discharge when coughing may indicate the occurrence of the following diseases:

• bronchial pneumonia;
• influenza pneumonia;
• gangrene of the lung;
• purulent bronchitis;
• lung abscess;
• bronchiectasis;
• bronchial and/or lung cancer;
• pulmonary tuberculosis.

How to treat purulent cough?

• It is immediately worth noting that a purulent cough, regardless of the cause of its development, can worsen if the body is exposed to hypothermia, allergic manifestations and severe emotional stress.
• Drug treatment involves prescribing the patient:

• anti-inflammatory (antiviral) drugs;
• antibiotics with a broad spectrum of action;
• mucallytics, which thin sputum and improve its elimination;
• bronchodilators, drugs that dilate the bronchi. They help relieve respiratory obstruction.

When determining what drug therapy to prescribe, the doctor takes into account the nature and severity of the disease, as well as its nature of origin. The prescription of certain drugs will directly depend on the diagnosis, that is, on the disease that provoked the development of cough with mucopurulent discharge.

Anti-inflammatory drugs

Treatment of cough with purulent sputum with anti-inflammatory drugs helps to increase the body's protective functions. Therefore, doctors often use drugs from this group in the treatment of various ailments.

• Arbidol. It is an effective antiviral drug that increases the body's defenses, suppresses viruses of groups A and B, and reduces the severity of complications associated with infection in the body.
• Anaferon. It is not only an anti-inflammatory drug, but also an immunomodulator that promotes the activation of antiviral immunity. Anaferon also has antimutagenic properties.
• Aflubin. This homeopathic drug has immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, detoxification and antipyretic properties. Treatment of purulent cough with this remedy helps to activate nonspecific factors related to local immunity. Helps normalize the functioning of the mucous membrane of the respiratory system. Minimizes the severity and duration of intoxication of the body.

Antibiotics

To begin with, it is worth noting that doctors prefer treatment with one of the antibiotics, which are available in the form of powder, capsules, suspension or tablets.

Injections and combinations of antibiotics are indicated only in cases of extremely severe disease, accompanied by a purulent cough.

It is necessary to provide examples of common antibiotics prescribed by pulmonologists for the treatment of purulent cough.

• Trifamox. Available in the form of tablets and injection solution. It belongs to the penicillin group of antibiotics and has excellent bactericidal properties. Inhibits pathogenic microflora.
• Amoxiclav. Also belongs to the group of penicillin antibiotics. It has a wide range of bactericidal effects on the body. Clavulanic acid is one of the main active ingredients of this drug. It has antibacterial properties.
• Clindamycin. It is an antibiotic belonging to the lincosamide group. Available in the form of capsules and injection solution. Has a wide range of antibacterial and antimicrobial effects. This drug is active against many types of infectious agents.

Mukalytiki

Treatment of purulent cough with drugs from this group is very effective, so doctors very often use drugs in this category.

• Umkalor. The herbal medicine is available in the form of a solution for oral use. Increases nonspecific resistance of the body. Helps thin mucopurulent secretions, facilitating their removal. Also has an antimicrobial effect.
• Ambroxol. Regulates the function of serous cells of the glands of the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract. Normalizes the ratio of mucous and serous components of sputum. As a result, the sputum becomes less viscous, making it easier to expectorate.
• Bromhexine. Helps facilitate expectoration of sputum by normalizing the composition of bronchial secretory fluid. According to experts, this drug promotes the production of surfactant.

Bronchodilators

Treatment of purulent cough with such means contributes to a person’s speedy recovery.

• Atrovent. Available in the form of a clear solution for inhalation. It has the ability to suppress bronchial spasms and normalize the function of external respiration.
• Theotard. Available in capsule form. Helps reduce the contractile activity of smooth muscles. Has a relaxing effect on the bronchi and blood vessels. Improves the functions of the intercostal and respiratory muscles. Ensures blood saturation with oxygen and reduction of carbon dioxide in its composition.
• Ventolin. Available in the form of a white suspension. Effectively affects the smooth muscles of the bronchi. Perfectly relieves bronchial spasm. It has a stimulating effect on mucus secretion and the functioning of the ciliated epithelium.

Complementary therapy

In addition to basic drug treatment, the doctor may prescribe the following procedures to the patient:

• UHF;
• physiotherapy;
• electrophoresis;
• ICV;
• warming compresses;
• therapeutic exercises.

The above procedures are prescribed by a specialist, provided that the patient does not have an elevated body temperature. Warm drinks are also a good additional folk remedy. For example, to treat an illness, you can drink tea, which includes:

• raspberries;
• sage;
• Linden;
• viburnum;
• chamomile;
• plantain;
• honey.

Also, in order to speed up the treatment of purulent cough, it is recommended to carry out inhalation procedures using garlic, use animal fat (externally and internally) and spend more time in the fresh air.

Source: https://kgkb6.ru/kashel/gnojnaya-mokrota-pri-kashle-o-chem-govorit-i-kak-pravilno-lechit.html

Purulent Sputum (Causes and Treatment)

The presence of cough in an adult and a child may indicate various diseases. But purulent sputum often indicates purulent bronchitis or other serious diseases. The symptom that occurs indicates that in addition to sputum, pus also accumulates in the lungs. If the patient notices a frequent cough with pus and discharge, you should go to the doctor.

Purulent sputum

A cough with pus that is yellowish or green in color is a warning sign that may indicate a bacterial infection. The mucous secretion usually has a transparent color. But when pus is observed, the immune system itself tries to cope with the infection.

A purulent cough occurs in heavy smokers, because the respiratory tract is constantly exposed to various harmful substances. But, in order to begin treatment, it is worth understanding and understanding the causes of purulent cough.

Causes of purulent cough

Purulent cough has its own characteristic color: yellowish, greenish or brownish. The sputum has a viscous texture. In some cases, the sputum has an unpleasant odor.

The causes of a purulent cough may be:

• pneumonia;
• impaired lung function;
• the presence of malignant neoplasms in the respiratory tract;
• tuberculosis at various stages;
• bronchial asthma;
• a cold that has not been treated for a long time.

In some cases, patients are interested in why they cough with pus, and the reason for this may even be the common flu, which was not completely cured. In such cases, the sputum may have a yellowish color, and frequent diseases that arise for this reason are pneumonia and bronchitis.

Purulent cough in children

A purulent cough in a child occurs due to infection; it can be bronchitis, ARVI, whooping cough, pneumonia or tuberculosis. But the cause could also be a common cold. The type of treatment for the disease depends on the causes of its appearance.

Many parents are faced with the fact that their child begins to secrete yellow, purulent exudate. Only a doctor should decide how to treat a purulent cough in a child. To do this, it is necessary to submit all tests and a thorough examination.

If parents seek help in a timely manner and quickly apply treatment, symptoms can quickly decrease as early as 3 days.

Treatment of purulent cough in adults

How to treat a purulent cough in an adult should be determined by a doctor. After all, treatment is influenced by the type of illness, age and the presence of other diseases.

After a comprehensive diagnosis, as well as further identification of the causes of the illness, the doctor will recommend a certain set of measures that will help quickly eliminate the symptoms. This complex includes:

1. Antispasmodics. May be prescribed if there is an obstructive component. Among the most popular are Salbutamol;
2. Percussion massage. Helps remove phlegm and pus in a short time;
3. Physiotherapy (acupuncture, massage);
4. Surgical intervention. It is rarely prescribed and only if there is decay of the lung tissue. The purulent focus is thus completely removed.

Adults should completely give up harmful smoking during treatment. There is no need to drink alcoholic beverages if various medications are used during treatment.

Treatment of purulent cough in children

There are many options for how to treat purulent cough in children, because it all depends on the age and degree of complexity of the disease.

Doctors prescribe physical therapy procedures for children, use massage, and take herbal medicines, which help to cope with a cough many times faster and remove pus from the body. The medications most often recommended by doctors are:

• mucolytics;
• expectorants.

But, these drugs are selected strictly according to the patient’s age and certain symptoms accompanying the disease. If such treatment does not reduce symptoms within 3-4 days, then the doctor may prescribe strong antibiotics, which must be administered intravenously.

During treatment, it is important that the child drinks plenty of fluids, which will help remove mucus and eliminate the infection. In this case, the coughing process will be much easier and faster. It is recommended to use up to 2 liters of warm tea, herbal decoction, compote or uzvar.

Treatment with traditional methods

Doctors recommend using traditional methods for treating purulent cough, which will enhance the effect of drug treatment and will significantly improve the functioning of the immune system.

There are the most effective and efficient recipes:

1. Onion decoction. It is not at all difficult to prepare such a decoction. To do this, you need to peel two large onions and cook in water for 1 hour. You need to use 1-1.5 liters of water. A small amount of sugar is added to the drink. You need to drink the decoction 1 glass per day. It is important that the broth is warm enough;
2. A decoction of plantain, marshmallow and mother-and-stepmother. This healing decoction quickly takes effect and the cough is significantly reduced by the 3rd day. To prepare such a decoction at home, buy fresh or dry ingredients and mix them in equal proportions with water. After this, put the broth on the fire and bring to a boil, then cool. It is recommended to drink 1 glass of the decoction on an empty stomach. But it is important that the broth is slightly warm;
3. Using a drink made from pine buds. A product that helps get rid of phlegm in 3-4 days. Dry pine buds can be purchased at any pharmacy. To make the drink, you need to brew 1 teaspoon in a glass of milk and leave for about 12-15 hours. You need to drink this drink on an empty stomach.

Folk remedies work best in combination with drug treatment and physiotherapy. But before you start using traditional recipes to eliminate cough and pus, you must consult a doctor and warn about what you are taking. It is important to agree on treatment methods, because this way you will protect yourself from unwanted side reactions.

Preventive measures

Prevention of purulent cough allows you to avoid various difficulties, which in a certain way lead to chronic diseases of the respiratory system.

At the first symptoms of a cold, acute respiratory viral infection or acute respiratory infection, treatment should be started. And it is better to go for help from a professional specialist. Timely diagnosis in many cases allows one to avoid complications. You should not wait until the symptoms intensify; you need to eliminate them immediately.

You need to adhere to some preventive measures that will allow you to cope with the disease faster or allow you not to encounter diseases at all:

1. Completely give up bad habits, in particular smoking, no matter whether it is passive or active. Smoking often causes a large number of diseases associated specifically with the respiratory system;
2. During an exacerbation of viral diseases, avoid large crowds of people;
3. To protect yourself from possible complications after a cold, it is recommended to vaccinate against pneumonia and colds;
4. Make sure that the patient’s body does not overheat or become hypothermic;
5. Improve your diet. Pay more attention to eating vegetables and fruits;
6. Regularly wet clean the house and ventilate the room.



Source: https://kashlya-net.ru/kashel/gnojnaya-mokrota

Causes of purulent cough and treatment

A purulent cough intensifies with hypothermia, stress, and allergies.

You cannot try to cure such a cough with purulent exudate on your own, since its causes can only be determined by a pulmonologist.

Causes

The reasons for the appearance of pus-containing sputum when coughing are varied:

• pneumonia of various origins;
• abscess, gangrene of the lung (especially if the sputum smells bad);
• purulent bronchitis;
• oncology in the bronchi, lungs;
• bronchiectasis;
• pulmonary tuberculosis;
• sometimes advanced flu, ARVI, colds;
• bronchial asthma.

A particular disease can be indicated by the color of purulent sputum released through coughing or expectoration.

An admixture of blood in purulent sputum may be a symptom of lobar pneumonia. But damage to small capillaries is also possible when a person coughs with effort.

Amber-colored sputum coughed up is sometimes a symptom of an allergy.

Regardless of the cause of cough with pus-containing sputum, it must be treated immediately.

Treatment

Treatment of purulent cough includes taking medications, physiotherapeutic procedures, therapeutic (for example, drainage) gymnastics and other means.

Drug treatment of purulent cough should be etiotropic and symptomatic. Depending on the cause, accompanying symptoms and severity of the cough, the doctor may prescribe:

• antibiotics;
• other antiviral drugs;
• various anti-inflammatory drugs;
• mucolytics for thinning and better expectoration of sputum;
• bronchodilators that improve bronchial patency;
• immunomodulators (“Immunal”, “Echinacea”);
• homeopathic and restorative remedies;
• complex cough preparations that also have antipyretic, regenerating properties, and also reduce intoxication of the body (for example, Amizon is an antiviral and antipyretic agent).

Antibiotics

Antibiotics are taken orally or by injection.

The doctor may prescribe the following antibiotics: Trifamox, Amoxiclav, Clindamycin.

An important point in antibiotic treatment: the course of therapy must be completed completely, even if significant improvements are noticed.

Antiviral and anti-inflammatory drugs

Antiviral and anti-inflammatory drugs include the following list of drugs that can be found in every pharmacy: Arbidol, Anaferon, Aflubin, Tsitovir. Their action is aimed either at inhibiting the activity of viruses in the body, or at activating the production of interferon (a protein that attacks viral cells).

Mucolytics

Mucolytics effectively thin mucus and promote its elimination. The most popular medications are: “Bronchicum”, “Fluditek”, “Ambrobene”, “Stoptussin”, “Libexin”, “Bronkatar”, “Codelac Fito” “Lizomucil”, “Fluimucil”, “Mukopront”, “Sinekod”, “ Gerbion."

Bronchodilators

Among the bronchial dilating agents, the herbal medicine “Umkalor” is popular, as well as “Ambroxol” (effective if the sputum is too thin and needs to be thickened a little for successful removal), “Bromhexine”, “Berodual”, “Atrovent”, “Teotard”, “Berotek” ", "Ventolin", "Salbutamol".

Adjuvant therapy

If a patient with a purulent cough does not have a fever, the doctor may prescribe additional procedures:

• physiotherapy;
• UHF;
• electrophoresis;
• warming compresses;
• ICV;
• Drainage exercises, breathing exercises.

Traditional medicines

For any type of wet cough, including purulent, plenty of warm drinks are recommended: milk with honey, juices of radish, grapes, cranberries, herbal tea from raspberries, sage, linden blossom, chamomile, viburnum, plantain.

If you have a purulent cough, you should try to eat more vegetables and fruits rich in vitamins.

An effective remedy for purulent cough is badger and bear fat, which should be taken internally. Various steam inhalations with essential oils and garlic have a beneficial effect on the patient’s condition.

But folk remedies, after consultation with a doctor, can only be used as an auxiliary therapy. They are aimed at relieving the symptoms of a purulent cough and do not cure its root cause.

• Read more
• Treatment of urination when coughing.
• Causes and treatment of dry cough in adults.
• Symptoms and treatment of allergic cough.
• What actions to take if your throat starts to feel sore.

Source: https://pakpred.ru/proyavleniya/kashel/gnojnyj.html

Purulent sputum

Purulent sputum is a pathological discharge of the bronchi and trachea containing a large number of leukocytes, colored yellow, yellow-green or green. This symptom accompanies severe inflammation of the bronchial wall and is observed during suppurative and neoplastic processes in the pulmonary parenchyma and pleura. To determine the cause of purulent sputum discharge when coughing, visualization and endoscopic diagnostic methods, as well as laboratory tests, are used. The choice of treatment tactics depends on the underlying disease.

The discharge of secretions mixed with pus is often observed with infectious lesions of the mucous membranes of the tracheobronchial tree. Purulent sputum in a patient with acute bronchitis indicates the addition of bacterial microflora. The disease becomes protracted. A dry or unproductive cough with a small amount of viscous mucus is replaced by a wet one. The sputum becomes semi-liquid.

In the mucus discharged during purulent bronchitis, purulent lumps appear, or the sputum turns completely green. Cough is usually accompanied by intoxication and broncho-obstructive syndromes. In patients with chronic bronchitis, purulent sputum may be coughed up daily; during exacerbation of the disease, the amount of discharge increases.

Bronchiectasis

A common cause of coughing up purulent secretions is the presence of pathological segmental dilatations of the bronchi - bronchiectasis.

Such formations can be congenital or develop against the background of respiratory defects. In bronchiectasis, mucus stagnates. The sputum becomes infected and purulent.

Bronchiectasis develops, which usually manifests in childhood.

During an exacerbation, the volume of discharge increases and often reaches 400 ml, body temperature rises, general weakness appears, and appetite decreases. Bronchiectasis is often complicated by hemoptysis.

As the pathology progresses, shortness of breath increases, and symptoms of chronic pulmonary heart disease appear.

The appearance of pus in bronchial secretions in adults is often caused by the formation of secondary bronchiectasis against the background of chronic bronchopulmonary pathology.

The most common cause of such complications is COPD. The disease is characterized by slowly increasing shortness of breath and cough. During an exacerbation, purulent sputum is discharged, and signs of intoxication are present.

Bronchiectasis aggravates the course of this pathology and worsens the prognosis.

Lung abscess

Large quantities of purulent sputum are released when coughing in destructive diseases of the pulmonary parenchyma.

Lung abscess is more often observed in patients with reduced immunity, in persons suffering from alcohol or drug addiction, as well as during aspiration of oral secretions and vomit.

As a result of the activity of anaerobic bacteria or microbial associations, local purulent melting of the lung tissue occurs.

There is pain on the affected side of the chest, febrile and hyperthermic fever, and severe weakness. With good drainage of the abscess into the bronchus, the discharge becomes abundant and often foul-smelling.

Purulent green sputum comes out “a mouthful”, after which the state of health improves.

The disease becomes chronic with poor drainage of the abscess site, inadequate antibacterial therapy, and dysfunction of the patient's immune system. During the period of remission, mucopurulent sputum is coughed up; exacerbation is accompanied by an increase in the volume of pathological secretion. The discharge takes on a green tint and a putrid odor appears.

Gangrene of the lung

Widespread purulent destruction involves a lobe or the entire lung. Develops in immunocompromised individuals, people with alcoholism, drug addiction. It is extremely difficult with high mortality.

Intoxication is pronounced. Gangrene of the lung is characterized by a constant debilitating fever or a hectic type of temperature rise.

Periods of apparent improvement are followed by a sharp deterioration, indicating the spread of necrosis.

The sputum is purulent and has a distinct stench. After an attack of painful coughing, copious brown-green or dirty gray discharge is coughed up. Its volume can be 1000 ml or more.

When parenchymal bleeding occurs, sputum is discharged in the form of crimson mucus.

A purulent semi-liquid mass, secreted by patients with abscess or gangrene of the lungs, forms 3 layers when settled.

Bronchopulmonary carcinoma

In patients suffering from lung and bronchial cancer, purulent sputum is coughed up during the phase of tumor disintegration. This process is observed in the terminal stage of the disease, or against the background of radiation or chemotherapy. Copious discharge of pus with an unpleasant odor is accompanied by a sharp worsening of the patient’s condition, due to the release of toxic decay products into the body.

Suppuration of mucus secreted by the bronchial glands is possible if there is a cavity formation of any etiology in the lungs drained by the bronchus as a result of infection with bacterial microflora. Purulent sputum is released profusely when the pleural empyema breaks through into the respiratory tract. Other reasons for coughing up such pathological secretions include:

Diagnostics

A diagnostic search for the causes of expectoration of pus or foul-smelling mucus with a large number of yellow-green inclusions is carried out by pulmonologists.

When collecting an anamnesis, the duration of the disease and the treatment performed are clarified. Upon examination, signs of acute or chronic respiratory failure are revealed.

It is possible to definitively establish why the patient is coughing up purulent sputum using the following diagnostic measures:

• Physical examination. Percussion determines the dullness of sound in the projection of compaction of the lung tissue. Auscultation with bronchitis against the background of hard breathing can be heard dry whistling and buzzing rales. In the presence of gangrene or an abscess, breathing in the infiltration zone becomes bronchial, and moist, crepitant, medium- and fine-bubble rales are detected.
• Visualization techniques. A plain X-ray of the chest reveals areas of infiltration with signs of destruction, thick-walled drained abscesses with a horizontal fluid level, and disintegrating tumors. Bronchiectasis is visualized using bronchography, CT, and MRI of the respiratory organs.
• Endoscopic methods. Fiberglass bronchoscopy in some cases is a therapeutic and diagnostic procedure. This method allows you to identify signs of purulent bronchitis and obtain bronchial lavage for further research. If necessary, a biopsy of the suspicious area is performed. With the help of bronchoscopy, the tracheobronchial tree is sanitized.
• Laboratory research. The suppurative process is accompanied by pronounced changes in the peripheral blood characteristic of inflammation. Purulent sputum, having settled, stratifies to form 2 or 3 layers. Microscopically, a significant number of leukocytes and pathological inclusions are revealed in it. Dietrich's plugs are detected in EBD, atypical cells - in tumors, elastic fibers are characteristic of abscess and gangrene.

Treatment

Help before diagnosis

Purulent sputum is most often a sign of a serious, often life-threatening disease and requires immediate treatment in a medical facility.

If this symptom is combined with difficulty breathing, severe intoxication and other severe manifestations of the disease, an emergency call for medical help is indicated.

If there is an accompanying fever, you can take an antipyretic drug before a medical examination.

Conservative therapy

Treatment methods for cough with purulent sputum depend on the nature of the underlying disease. However, given the undoubted participation of bacterial microflora in the formation of pus, all patients are prescribed etiotropic therapy.

If necessary, bronchosanitation is performed, and the patient is trained in the method of postural drainage. Patients with severe respiratory failure are provided with respiratory support.

Below are the main groups of prescribed pharmacological drugs:

• Antibiotics. Antibacterial agents are used taking into account the sensitivity of the microflora to them. Before receiving the test result, drugs are prescribed empirically. Preference is given to broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotics and respiratory fluoroquinolones. Abscess and gangrene of the lungs are treated with drugs from the groups of carbapenems, lincosamides, tricyclic glycopeptides.
• Expectorants. They belong to pathogenetic drugs. Expectorants are prescribed to improve the rheological properties of sputum. They help drain cavity formation, ensure the removal of pathological secretions during purulent bronchitis, thereby promoting recovery. Predominantly mucolytics and mucoregulators are prescribed.
• Bronchodilators. Used for concomitant broncho-obstructive syndrome in patients with bronchitis, COPD, bronchiectasis. Beta-agonists and anticholinergics are prescribed, both short- and long-acting. The drugs can be used in the form of a metered aerosol and in a solution for nebulizer therapy.

Severely ill patients with severe intoxication and tumor decay syndrome are prescribed infusions of crystalloid solutions. If necessary, glucocorticosteroid hormones and anti-tuberculosis drugs are used. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are used to relieve the temperature reaction. Cancer patients are provided with adequate pain relief.

Surgery

Indications for surgical intervention are suppurating cavitary formations of the respiratory organs. Localized bronchiectasis can be treated surgically. Gangrene, lung abscesses, especially multiple ones, festering cysts must be surgically removed. The volume of intervention depends on the extent of the pathological process.

Source: https://www.KrasotaiMedicina.ru/symptom/sputum/purulent

Cough with mucous-purulent sputum - causes, what to do, how to treat

Take a self-diagnosis

Acute inflammatory disease of the lung tissue as a result of exposure to infectious (usually bacterial) or non-infectious factors (chest injuries, toxic substances).

There are community-acquired and nosocomial pneumonia, which differ in symptoms and treatment.

In addition, depending on the area of ​​the affected lung tissue, focal, lobar (lobar) and total (whole lung) pneumonia are distinguished

Cough with phlegm, Cough, Dry cough, Chest pain, Chills

Shortness of breath, Prolonged and noisy exhalation, Cough with sputum, Cough in the morning

Chronic non-infectious disease of the respiratory tract of an inflammatory nature, manifested by coughing attacks with wheezing and shortness of breath on exhalation

Short sharp breath, Difficulty breathing, Long and noisy exhalation, Wheezing, Chest compression, Shortness of breath, Cough

Diffuse progressive inflammatory disease of the bronchi, leading to gradual restructuring of the bronchial wall

Shortness of breath, Cough with sputum

An infectious and inflammatory disease of the lung tissue caused by atypical pathogens, the most common of which are: chlamydia, mycoplasma, legionella

Headache, Dry cough, Muscle pain, Cough with mucus, Cough with sputum, Runny nose, General weakness, Chills

Nasal congestion, Headache, Chills, Difficulty swallowing, Sore throat

An acute viral respiratory (respiratory) infection caused by influenza viruses A, B and C, manifested by fever, intoxication and damage to the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract.

General weakness, Joint pain, Eye pain when rotating the eyes from side to side, Eye pain when looking at bright light, Headache, Chills, Muscle pain, Nasal congestion, Painful dry cough, Cough with phlegm

Temperature 37°C - 41+°C, Chills, Headache, General weakness, Muscle pain, Joint pain

Inflammatory disease of the mucous membrane of the frontal sinus. The main symptoms of the disease are pain in the eyebrow and nasal discharge

Pain in the eyebrows, Pain in the eyes, Headache, Pain in the temporal region, Pain in the forehead, Tension in the bridge of the nose, Throbbing pain in the bridge of the nose, Purulent nasal discharge, Bloating in the bridge of the nose, Morning expectoration of phlegm

Inflammatory disease of the pleura (layers covering the lungs). More often it develops as a result of complications of other diseases. Depending on the presence or absence of fluid in the pleural cavity, wet (purulent pleurisy is called pleural empyema) and dry pleurisy are distinguished. The disease is also divided into acute and chronic forms.

Forced position on the sore side, Stitching pain in the chest when coughing, breathing and movement, Pale skin, Rapid heartbeat, Lagging of half the chest when breathing, Bluishness of the face, Cough

An emergency condition associated with circulatory disorders in the superior vena cava basin.

It is a complication of many diseases associated with damage to the mediastinum, both malignant and benign.

Swollen veins, Swelling of the neck, Swelling of the face, Inability to sleep lying down, Shortness of breath at rest, Noisy breathing, General weakness, Chest pain, Cough, Headache, Fainting

Paroxysmal cough, Cough

An infectious disease caused by mycobacteria, characterized by the development of specific inflammation. A positive Mantoux or Diaskintest test is characteristic of the disease.

Shortness of breath, Hemoptysis, Chronic cough, Chest pain, Cough with sputum, Weight loss, Decreased appetite

An inflammatory disease of the walls of the lower esophagus that develops as a result of regular reflux (backward movement) of gastric or duodenal contents into the esophagus. The disease manifests itself with symptoms of dysphagia (impaired swallowing) - heartburn and belching of sour contents

Heartburn, Belching of food and air, Upper abdominal pain, Acid belching, Heartburn after meals/exercise

Inflammatory disease of the trachea, often of an infectious nature. The main symptoms of the disease are paroxysmal cough and chest pain. There are infectious, allergic and infectious-allergic tracheitis

Sore throat, Dry cough

A disease of the bronchi, characterized by their irreversible expansion and deformation, the development of a chronic purulent-inflammatory process of the bronchial tree and accompanied by functional inferiority of the bronchi

Blockage of the pulmonary artery or its branches by emboli from blood clots, which are most often localized in the deep veins of the lower extremities

Shortness of breath, Chest pain, Pain when breathing, Rapid heartbeat, Pale skin, Cough, Shortness of breath at rest, Severe chest pain

A malignant tumor of lymphoid tissue, where the tumor tissue arises from lymphocytes (B lymphocytes). A characteristic feature is the presence of giant Reed-Berezovsky-Sternberg cells, detected by microscopic examination of the affected lymph nodes. Lymphogranulomatosis is characterized primarily by tumor damage to the lymph nodes with a gradual spread of the disease from one group of lymph nodes to another. Other organs may also be affected, primarily the spleen, as well as the liver, lungs, intestines, bone marrow, etc. Depending on the extent of the process, four stages of LGM are distinguished: Stage I - lymph nodes of only one area or one organ outside the lymph nodes are involved. Stage II - involves lymph nodes in two or more areas on one side of the diaphragm, or one group of lymph nodes and one organ also on one side of the diaphragm. Stage III – lymph nodes on both sides of the diaphragm are involved; Damage to the spleen and other organs outside the lymph nodes is also possible. Stage IV - there is widespread damage to one or more internal organs - such as the liver, bone marrow, lungs, intestines; it may or may not be accompanied by lymph node involvement.

Additional symbols can also be used to indicate the stage of the disease: A (systemic clinical symptoms are absent), B (present), E (not only lymph nodes are involved, but also other organs), S (spleen is involved).

Temperature 37°C - 41+°C, Enlarged cervical lymph nodes, Swelling of the supraclavicular areas, Difficulty breathing, Enlarged lymph nodes, Cough, Enlarged axillary lymph nodes

A limited cavity filled with pus and surrounded by a capsule in the lung tissue. The disease occurs in two periods: before the opening of the abscess and after the opening of the abscess, characterized by copious discharge of purulent sputum and a decrease in temperature. More often, the disease develops as a result of various previous infectious and non-infectious diseases.

Cough with foul-smelling sputum, Large amounts of sputum, Cough with sputum, Shortness of breath

A malignant tumor that develops from cells of the lung tissue and bronchi - affects the mucous membrane of the bronchi and lungs. Theories of its occurrence have not been fully studied, but it is believed that the causes may be genetics, smoking, and working with toxic substances.

The prognosis for a malignant lung tumor is based on determining the type of tumor (after a cytological examination).

Hemoptysis, Shortness of breath, Chest pain, Cough

Infection. The route of transmission is fecal-oral. The most common manifestation of the disease is catarrhal tonsillitis; less common is the ulcerative-filmic form, which is characterized by sharply enlarged tonsils covered with a film.

Temperature 37.0°C - 41.0°C, Muscle pain, Joint pain, Headache, General weakness, Chills

Malignant neoplasm of the thyroid gland. It is most often asymptomatic.

Bulging in the neck, Shortness of breath

An infectious disease caused by herpes virus type 5 (cytomegalovirus). The route of transmission is sexual, to the fetus through the placenta (transplacental), household, blood transfusion (blood transfusion). More often the disease occurs in the form of a persistent cold.

Temperature 37.0°C - 39.0°C, Muscle pain, Runny nose, Enlarged lymph nodes, Headache, Decreased appetite, Chills, Sore throat, Drowsiness, General weakness, Nasal congestion

A parasitic disease of humans and animals, in which the larvae of parasites migrate into striated muscles and become encapsulated there, causing symptoms characteristic of the disease.

Chronic progressive disease characterized by the formation and deposition of a specific amyloid protein in the renal tissue due to impaired protein metabolism and leading to impaired renal function

This disease does not have any main symptoms

Malignant tumor localized in the larynx

Difficulty swallowing, Hoarseness, Hoarseness, Decreased appetite, Weight loss, Sore throat, Feeling of a lump in the throat, Headache, Cough with sputum

Injuries to the larynx that occur under direct or indirect influence of a traumatic factor, which can act both externally (external larynx injuries) and internally (internal larynx injuries)

Difficulty breathing, Voice disturbance, Neck pain, Neck pain at rest

A rare disease that belongs to the group of inflammatory myopathies and is characterized by damage to the muscles and skin, as well as other organs and tissues, primarily the heart, lungs and upper gastrointestinal tract.

The disease is characterized by weakness of the muscle groups located closer to the center (proximal), which usually gradually increases. Patients find it difficult to comb their hair, shave, get out of a chair, or climb stairs.

At the same time, they can fasten buttons on clothes or hold a pen in their hand, since these functions are mediated by distant (distal) muscle groups.

This is an acute, especially dangerous infectious disease caused by the bacteria “Bacillus anthracis” entering the human body. It mainly manifests itself in the form of skin symptoms.

Temperature 37°C - 41+°C, Purple-blue spots on the skin with suppuration, Burning skin, Itching of the skin, Headache, Muscle pain, Chest pain, Cough, Chills

A parasitic disease caused by the helminth echinococcus, which occurs with damage to internal organs (liver, lungs, heart, brain, etc.) and the formation of echinococcal cysts in them

Pain in the right hypochondrium, Difficulty breathing, Heaviness in the right hypochondrium, Feeling of tightness in the right hypochondrium, Nausea, Chills, General weakness

Vasculitis (inflammation of blood vessels) of small veins and arteries with the development of necrosis (death) and the formation of granulomas (nodules) in their walls and tissues of the respiratory tract, kidneys and other organs. The disease can occur in localized and generalized form

Purulent-bloody crusts in the nose, Foul odor from the nose, Ear pain, Joint pain, Hearing loss, General weakness, Runny nose

A severe infectious disease characterized by general intoxication and damage to the respiratory, urinary and central nervous systems. The route of transmission is airborne droplets (aerosol). As a rule, the disease develops severe pneumonia with shortness of breath, chest pain and mucopurulent sputum.

Temperature 37°C - 41+°C, Muscle pain, Chills, Headache, General weakness

A malignant tumor that develops in the kidney from renal tubular cells

This disease does not have any main symptoms

This is an acute or chronic poisoning caused by the entry of mercury into the human body, which occurs through the respiratory system in the form of aerosol vapors, partially through the gastrointestinal tract and skin in the process of obtaining and using mercury, as well as during accidents at home. Mercury has a pronounced toxic effect on the nervous system, causes impaired renal function, affects the cardiovascular system, endocrine glands (especially the thyroid gland, gonads)

Vomiting, Metallic taste in the mouth, Headache, Nausea, Sore throat, Frequent loose stools, Abdominal pain

Bleeding into the pleural cavity and accumulation of blood between its layers, leading to compression of the lung and displacement of the mediastinal (chest) organs in the opposite direction.

Shortness of breath, Frequent shallow breathing, Chest pain, Rapid heartbeat, Pale skin, Chest pain when breathing

An acute infection that affects the lymph nodes, skin, sometimes the mucous membranes of the eyes, pharynx and lungs.

Temperature 37.0°C - 41.0°C, Swelling of the face, Mobile lymph node, Redness of the face, Chills, Muscle pain, General weakness, Dizziness, Severe headache

Damage to blood vessels of medium and small caliber - most often the vessels of the digestive system organs are affected: kidneys, adrenal glands, mesentery and stomach. The disease occurs in persons infected with the hepatitis B virus, and one of the theories is that the disease occurs after a person has suffered from an infectious disease

Source: https://medvice.ru/syms/kashel-s-videleniem-slizisto—gnoynoy-mokroti

Yellow sputum when coughing: causes of appearance. Treatment options

Yellow sputum that appears when coughing is a sure sign of the development of a pathological process in the body.

A change in the color of the mucous secretion is most often associated with an increase in the level of white blood cells, when the immune system independently tries to cope with the infection. However, there are other reasons when phlegm begins to accumulate in the respiratory tract.

The dark yellow expectorant substance is well known to smokers, as they see it every morning, immediately after waking up. Also, the discharge may take on a yellowish-brown tint due to severe air pollution.

When there is a bacterial infection, they turn greenish-yellow. But it is much more dangerous when the mucus turns brown due to the presence of blood clots.

What is sputum? Which one is normal? Why is it needed?

It is a thick, viscous, jelly-like substance that is released when you cough up. Secreted in the mucous epithelium of the lower airways by submucosal and unicellular glands.

Its composition includes high molecular weight glycoproteins, immunoglobulins, lipids and other substances. Simply put, phlegm contains:

• Impurities of saliva;
• Slime;
• Red blood cells;
• Fibrin;
• Epithelial cells;
• Bacteria;
• Foreign inclusions (dust particles, food residues, etc.).

In healthy people, tracheobronchial exudate is transparent, performs a protective function and is endowed with antimicrobial properties.

It consists of mucus produced by serous-mucosal glands, goblet glandular glandulocytes of the mucous epithelium of the bronchi and trachea, as well as cellular inclusions. Tracheobronchial exudate ensures the natural removal of inhaled particles, toxins and waste products from the body due to the transport activity of the ciliated epithelium.

The norm of phlegm released per day from the tracheobronchial tree is 10-100 ml. This is the amount of substance that a person ingests during the day without noticing.

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When coughing, yellow sputum: causes

Yellow color of sputum when coughing is a sure sign of the presence of pathogens in the body. There is a whole list of ailments that are characterized by increased mucus production.

1

Bronchitis. It develops as a result of a viral or bacterial infection that provokes inflammation of the bronchial mucous epithelium. It often begins with a dry cough, which later develops into a severe cough with yellow sputum. Other symptoms of bronchitis include sore throat and fever.

2

Pneumonia. Occurs as a complication after suffering respiratory diseases. The most common strain of microbes responsible for pneumonia in adults is Streptococcus pneumoniae. The infection affects one or both lungs and causes the air sacs to fill with pus or fluid.

As a result, the patient develops pus in the sputum. The symptoms associated with this pathology depend on the specific type of disease. Common symptoms include shortness of breath, chills, fever, and a cough with yellow (sometimes green and bloody) phlegm.

Source: nasmorkam.net

3

Cold or flu. One of the most common signs of these ailments is the appearance of transparent or yellowish clots when coughing up.

4

Sinusitis. May be triggered by allergies, viral or bacterial infections. It is characterized by inflammation of the paranasal sinuses (sinuses), which are four pairs of air-filled cavities.

When they are irritated, the mucus that normally drains into the nose becomes blocked, pooling in the sinuses and creating the perfect breeding ground for bacteria. Sinusitis is accompanied by headache, nasal congestion, sore throat, and persistent cough with characteristic discharge.

5

Cystic fibrosis. This condition is classified as a chronic lung disease when tracheobronchial exudate begins to accumulate in the lungs. One of the signs of pathology is the tracheobronchial substance of yellowish, greenish and brown color.

6

Excess mucous clots, moving through the nasopharynx, irritate the throat and cause coughing. Respiratory allergy symptoms go away with elimination of the allergen and proper therapy.

7

Asthma. Causes respiratory inflammation, and often leads to the formation of excess tracheobronchial mucus. This substance is white-yellow, stained with inflammatory cells.

But since the cough in asthma is usually protracted and unproductive, the viscous clots are usually insignificant. Other symptoms of asthma include wheezing, wheezing, fatigue, and cramps.

8

Lung cancer (LLC). The most serious pathology in which yellow sputum is coughed up. Sometimes it contains bloody impurities, due to which the exudate acquires a pinkish tint.

This pathology is characterized by persistence of the cough reflex for more than two weeks and persistent chest pain. The presence of such symptoms requires immediate medical attention.

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Yellow sputum when a child coughs

Cough with yellowish discharge in children is the result of an infectious lesion of the airways - colds, acute bronchitis, ARVI, whooping cough, pneumonia or tuberculosis.

In the vast majority of cases, an acute cough with fever is caused by a cold, and yellowish exudate indicates the addition of pathogenic microorganisms. It is necessary to study phlegm for microflora.

If such an analysis is not possible, the doctor prescribes broad-spectrum antibiotics. Typically, the therapeutic effect of taking medications occurs on the third day.

If relief does not occur, the antibiotic is changed.

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Purulent sputum

Purulent sputum is a mucopurulent substance consisting of white blood cells, dead tissue, cellular debris, serous fluid and liquid mucus.

The color intensity of the purulent secretion can vary from milky with yellowish to green, and manifests itself in pneumonia, bronchiectasis, abscess pneumonia, prolonged bronchitis or acute infectious lesions of the respiratory system. A cough with purulent sputum is a good reason to consult a doctor, because if pus is coughed up, it The shade will allow you to determine the pathology and choose the appropriate therapy.

1. 1. Yellowish-purulent and yellowish-greenish (mucopurulent) abnormal secretions indicate that antibiotic therapy will help reduce symptoms.
   2. A green or greenish tint indicates a long-standing respiratory infection, pneumonia, ruptured lung abscess, chronic infectious bronchitis, infected bronchiectasis, or cystic fibrosis.
   3. Bright yellow and orange mucus is produced by pneumonia (caused by pneumococcal bacteria), pulmonary embolism, bronchioloalveolar cancer, or tuberculosis.
   4. Discharge of a pale, milky, yellowish or yellowish-gray hue (clearly visible on a white background) indicates the ineffectiveness of antibiotic treatment, since the symptoms of the disease are associated either with a viral infection or with allergies (even asthma), and not with microbiotics that are sensitive to antibiotics .

1. A foamy pink color is characteristic of severe pulmonary edema.
2. Foamy white indicates pulmonary obstruction or edema.
3. Light yellow sputum with blood indicates a possible inflammation of the throat or bronchi, or the presence of bleeding erosions, ulcers or tumors of the lower airways. The abundant presence of blood clots in bronchial secretions indicates tuberculosis, bipolar disorder, pulmonary embolism, and abscess pneumonia.

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Yellow sputum when coughing without fever

• The appearance of colored discharge when coughing without an increase in temperature indicates the non-infectious nature of the pathology.
• For example, systematically raising the voice and frequent screaming can provoke excess mucus formation, and as a result, growths form in the throat.
• An allergic cough with exudate with yellow spots also occurs without fever.

As a result, bronchioloalveolar cancer often develops. That is why it is extremely important to visit a specialist in time when the first signs of pathology are detected.

Which doctor should I contact?

Only a general practitioner can tell you what the appearance of viscous exudate indicates in the first stages. Subsequently, you may need to consult other specialists - a pulmonologist, an allergist, an oncologist, an otolaryngologist, a surgeon.

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Analysis of yellow sputum: diagnosis. How is it researched?

1. Samples of secretions taken from the throat for analysis make it possible to determine the cause of changes in the shade and consistency of tracheobronchial secretions.

2. The material is collected in a sterile glass container in the morning on an empty stomach, after thoroughly treating the mouth and throat with saline solution.

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3. If it is not possible to collect pathological clots during coughing, bronchoscopy is prescribed to obtain the necessary material.

Sample examination is carried out using several methods:

1. Microscopic analysis makes it possible to determine the content of leukocytes, erythrocytes, alveolar macrophages, epithelial cells in phlegm, detect Kurshman spirals, drusen of actinomycetes, fungi, Charcot-Leyden crystals, eosinophils, neutrophils.
2. Macroscopic analysis determines the daily volume of secreted exudate, its smell, density and color. Special attention is paid to the delamination of the material when left in glass containers for a long time.
3. Bacteriological analysis (Bakposev) allows you to determine the types of bacteria present and their sensitivity to drugs.

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If you cough up yellow mucus: treatment

Regardless of the color of the discharge, its appearance is already a pathology, and it is important to correctly determine its cause. However, any cough requires drinking plenty of fluids.

It has been proven to have the same effect on the respiratory system as expectorant medications.

In the case when you cough and yellow sputum comes out with a thick consistency, additional measures are prescribed for its natural discharge:

1

2

Expectorant drugs with resorptive action act directly on the bronchi and the exudate itself, thereby accelerating the process of its removal from the respiratory system. This group of medications includes solutions of sodium bicarbonate, sodium iodide and potassium iodide, as well as essential oils.

3

Mucolytic drugs change the structure of the exudate itself. Under their influence, mucopolysaccharides are destroyed, which means the viscous substance is liquefied. These drugs include Acetylcysteine, Carbocysteine, Ambroxol, Bromhexine and their analogues.

All of these medications are taken orally or inhaled (via a nebulizer). If necessary, when the disease is protracted, injections of drugs are prescribed.

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Folk remedies for coughs

When talking about how to treat a cough, we should not forget about traditional medicine. Some of the most accessible and effective recipes include:

1. 1. Infusion of coltsfoot. Preparation boils down to pouring 1 tablespoon of herb into 1 tbsp. boiling water, infuse for 10-15 minutes, strain. Take 1 tsp of this infusion orally. up to 4 times a day.
   2. An infusion of a mixture of plantain, thyme, elecampane root and wild rosemary herbs. 2 tbsp. dry mixture of herbs is poured with 1 liter of boiling water, infused for 2 hours, filtered. A solution of 1 tbsp is taken. orally up to 4 times a day.

1. White cabbage juice. Freshly squeezed juice is mixed with honey in a 2:1 ratio. The finished mixture is taken orally, 1 tsp. 6 times a day.
2. Lemon juice. Mix 2 tsp. product in a cup of warm water, add honey to this mixture, and take 3-4 times a day.

In addition, treatment for cough with yellow sputum involves frequent gargling with saline solution.

You need to dissolve 1⁄2 tsp. salt in a glass of warm water and gargle with the resulting solution as often as possible. This process clears trapped mucus.

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What complications can there be?

In the absence of proper therapy, even the most harmless, at first glance, cough reflex can cause a deterioration in the patient’s well-being.

Acute bronchitis easily becomes chronic, requiring long-term treatment and certain restrictions.

Pneumonia is usually preceded by bronchitis and tracheitis. However, unlike the latter, pneumonia is treated in an inpatient setting, when the patient must be constantly under the supervision of doctors.

If a patient coughs up a substance with signs of yellowness, he needs to urgently consult a therapist to establish an accurate diagnosis and urgent drug treatment.

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Prevention

• Timely prevention allows you to avoid serious complications that cause respiratory diseases.
• This means that when the first signs of an acute respiratory infection or acute respiratory viral infection appear, it is necessary to immediately begin treatment, and not wait for the symptoms to resolve on their own.
• In addition, it is necessary to adhere to preventive measures:

1. Stop smoking (active and passive);
2. Avoid crowded places during epidemics of viral and colds;
3. Get vaccinated against pneumonia and colds;
4. Perform hand hygiene in a timely manner;
5. Avoid overheating and hypothermia of the body;
6. Replenish your diet with fresh vegetables, fruits, juices and decoctions.

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Source: https://lechim-gorlo.ru/nasmork/zheltaya-mokrota-pri-kashle-prichiny-poyavleniya-sposoby-lecheniya