Symptoms of adnexitis and basic methods of treating pathology of the appendages

Adnexitis is characterized by inflammation of the ovaries and fallopian tubes. The second name of the pathology is salpingoophoritis.

Separate inflammation of the fallopian tubes is extremely rare, but the disease usually begins here. In this case, they talk about acute salpingitis. Sexually active women under 30 years of age are more susceptible to pathology. The disease must be taken seriously; without treatment, it can become chronic and cause infertility.

Causes of adnexitis

The main cause of the pathology is infections: streptococcus, mycobacterium tuberculosis, staphylococcus, gonococcus, E. coli. Separate the ascending and descending path of entry. Ascending path - as a result of the pathogen entering the external genitalia through the vagina, the infection penetrates the tubes and ovaries. With descending disease, it enters from an existing source of inflammation through the flow of lymph or blood.

The condition for the occurrence of adnexitis is a weakened immune system, failure to comply with personal hygiene rules, a recent infectious disease, unprotected sexual intercourse, as well as too rapid resumption of sexual life after gynecological operations, abortion or childbirth, which a good obstetrician-gynecologist will always warn about. The presence of an internal spiral can provoke inflammation.

Classification

1. Based on localization, pathology is divided into the following forms.

Most often, bilateral adnexitis occurs, i.e. the inflammatory process affects the appendages on both sides. Unilateral salpingoophoritis is also recorded:

• Left-sided adnexitis is inflammation of the left ovary and fallopian tubes.
• Right-sided adnexitis is characterized by inflammation of the right ovary and pain in the right side of the abdomen, which is similar to the sensations with appendicitis.

2. The disease is divided into stages:

• acute adnexitis – initial degree;
• subacute - a rare phenomenon, usually observed with mycosis or tuberculosis form;
• chronic adnexitis is the third stage, which occurs if effective treatment has not been carried out in the acute stage.

The concept of “acute adnexitis” can also characterize the duration of the inflammatory process, and not just its activity.

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Symptoms of adnexitis

• Symptoms of the disease depend on the form in which the pathology occurs.
• Acute adnexitis, symptoms:
• If there is no adequate treatment, the disease becomes chronic, and primary chronic adnexitis, which does not have acute symptoms, also occurs.
• Chronic adnexitis, symptoms:

This form of the disease can be asymptomatic; it is detected during examinations related to infertility. A frequent complication of the pathology is obstruction of the fallopian tubes and disruption of the ovaries.

If you notice similar symptoms, consult a doctor immediately. It is easier to prevent a disease than to deal with the consequences.

Diagnostics

Making an accurate diagnosis is difficult. The symptoms of chronic adnexitis are vague, and its treatment takes a long time. Signs of an acute process are characteristic of many diseases of the pelvic organs.

For diagnosis, a gynecological examination is performed, laboratory tests of vaginal discharge, urine and blood are taken. If microorganisms that cause pathology are found in the materials, and an inflammatory process is detected in the blood, then a diagnosis of “adnexitis” is made.

Ultrasound is often prescribed as an auxiliary method. During the examination, dilation of the fallopian tubes and inflammatory exudate may be visualized. In the photo you can see free fluid in the pelvis, which is typical for adnexitis.

In cases where the doctor suspects a tuberculosis form of the disease, menstrual blood is cultured, Mantoux and Koch reactions are performed, and an x-ray of the uterine cavity is also performed.

The most accurate diagnostic method is laparoscopy; it is used only in doubtful cases, and also when antibiotic treatment has not eliminated the symptoms of adnexitis.

Endoscopic examination allows you to visualize the fallopian tubes and ovaries and detect symptoms and signs of adnexitis: inflamed mucous membrane in the acute period, accumulation of pus, adhesions in chronic bilateral adnexitis.

Depending on the course of the disease, different approaches are practiced. If symptoms of adnexitis appear, you should urgently consult a doctor, he will diagnose and prescribe treatment. Self-medication can only worsen the symptoms of the disease. Adnexitis is mainly treated with antibiotics.

Treatment of acute adnexitis

The acute form of the pathology requires hospitalization of the patient in a hospital. In rare cases, when the patient cannot go to the hospital for objective reasons, treatment is carried out with special medications at home.

Bed rest is prescribed and pain relief is administered with medications. In order to relieve inflammation during adnexitis, antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs are prescribed. The course is about two weeks; preference for the treatment of adnexitis is given to antibiotics of the cephalosporin or penicillin group.

To eliminate the symptoms of general intoxication, vitamin preparations are used intravenously.

If a purulent process is detected, surgical treatment is used. The operation is performed laparoscopically, during which the purulent contents are evacuated, and antibacterial drugs are injected directly into the affected area. Sometimes an open surgical method is used.

In general, in the treatment of an acute process the following is used:

• broad-spectrum antibiotics;
• antiallergic drugs;
• painkillers;
• anti-inflammatory drugs;
• vitamins.

Patients often ask the question: “How to cure chronic adnexitis?” It is not easy to answer, since various drugs are used for a long time in the treatment of chronic adnexitis. Antibiotics alone cannot cure a chronic process, so complex therapy is selected: absorbable, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, immunostimulating.

It is important to remember that if even minor symptoms of chronic adnexitis appear, it is better to consult a doctor and start treatment.

Antibiotics are selected taking into account the pathogen. After the acute phase subsides, physiotherapeutic methods, mud therapy, and gynecological massage are prescribed. Magneto-light-laser and quantum procedures using Milta devices are considered effective.

Suppositories are prescribed for adnexitis, mainly non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. They can be used intravaginally or rectally. The drug “Longidaza” is also used, which has proteolytic properties and helps to avoid the formation of adhesions and also resolves them.

Treatment of adnexitis with traditional methods

In the treatment of chronic adnexitis, you can additionally use decoctions and infusions of herbs.

• This can be a ready-made gynecological preparation, which is sold in a pharmacy. Chamomile decoctions, boron uterus, and golden mustache are also used. To strengthen the immune system, echinacea, mumiyo, ginseng, honey and other bee products are used. Aloe juice and honey are used as a strengthening agent in a 1:1 ratio.
• Baths made from juniper stems will be useful. To do this, pour five kilograms of stems into a bucket of boiling water and leave for two hours. The strained product is added to a warm bath.
• You can eat fresh garlic and onions, which are natural biostimulants and antibiotics.
• During an exacerbation, along with medications, you can consume freshly squeezed viburnum and pumpkin juices.

You should definitely consult a gynecologist before using any medications. He will tell you how to treat chronic adnexitis, give recommendations on lifestyle, and explain the details of gynecological gymnastics, which is an important component of recovery.

Physiotherapy

Physiotherapy plays an important role in the treatment of inflammation of the appendages and fallopian tubes.

During the period of remission of the chronic process, ultrasound is used. It has an analgesic and fibrolytic effect. High purity pulsed currents are also used. For patients under 35 years of age, it is recommended to use an ultra-high frequency magnetic field, as well as vaginal tampons made from therapeutic mud.

Balneotherapy and vaginal irrigation with sodium chloride and sulfide mineral waters are used.

For anovulatory cycles, iodine and zinc electrophoresis is prescribed. The use of vibration massage and copper electrophoresis is indicated; mud and mineral waters are also effective.

Complications of inflammation

A serious complication of salpingoophoritis is the transition of inflammation into the abdominal cavity, and peritonitis develops. The general condition of the body worsens, the temperature rises sharply, and intense pain occurs in the lower abdomen. If treatment is not started immediately, the complication can be fatal.

As a result of tubal obstruction, persistent infertility can occur. This also risks the development of an ectopic pregnancy.

Women often experience menstrual irregularities. Menstruation can be scanty or, conversely, very abundant. Intermenstrual bleeding may occur.

Sexual intercourse becomes extremely painful and libido decreases.

Diet for salpingoophoritis

During an exacerbation, a hypoallergic diet is indicated. Mushrooms, chocolate, and egg whites are excluded from the diet. Carbohydrates and salt intake are limited. The calorie content of the diet should be no more than 2300 kcal per day. In this case, preference is given to stewed or boiled food.

During remission, a special diet is not needed, but you should adhere to the principles of proper nutrition. Eat food rich in vitamins and microelements, prepare fresh meals, limit the consumption of smoked foods, fatty and spicy foods, and soda. It is necessary to choose the optimal drinking regimen and drink at least 1.5 liters of liquid per day.

Danger

Signs of adnexitis, especially its chronic form, may be mild. And the prolonged existence of inflammation in the pelvic cavity can lead to the appearance of adhesions, which can cause difficulties in conceiving a child in the future.

Risk group

The risk group includes women who:

• use hormonal contraceptives;
• douching is often performed.

Prevention

In order to prevent the development of adnexitis, the following recommendations must be followed.

• Protect the body from overwork and cold.
• Use of rational contraception.
• Timely treatment of diseases of the pelvic organs.
• Prevention of abortion.
• Conducting early diagnosis of sexually transmitted diseases.
• Mandatory examination of the sexual partner.
• Observe the rules of personal hygiene, do not use other people’s towels, napkins, or washcloths.
• You should not wear tight clothes that impair blood circulation.
• A routine examination by a gynecologist should be performed every six months.

This article is posted for educational purposes only and does not constitute scientific material or professional medical advice.

Source: https://illness.DocDoc.ru/adneksit

How to treat inflammation of the appendages in women

Inflammation of the appendages in women is one of the most common diseases of the pelvic organs.

The cause is pathogenic microorganisms that actively multiply, thereby causing inflammation and severe pain.

Missing or untimely preventive measures can lead to dangerous consequences. That is why it is necessary to know the symptoms of the disease and how to treat inflammation of the appendages.

Causes of inflammation of the appendages in women

The main cause of this disease is infection in the fallopian tubes or ovaries, resulting in the formation of pathogenic microflora. It enters the body in three ways:

Ascending infection

In this case, pathogenic microorganisms in the vagina begin to actively multiply, thereby displacing beneficial microflora. A large number of them leads to the fact that they extend beyond the vagina and begin to populate the appendages, which leads to their inflammation. The infection can also be caused by failure to comply with the rules of intimate hygiene, frequent changes of sexual partners and unprotected sex.

Lymphogenous infection

Inflammation of the appendages occurs due to the inflammatory process in nearby organs, and penetrates into the appendages through the lymph.

Hemategenic infection

The disease spreads through the blood if there are foci of inflammation, such as tonsillitis, tonsillitis, tuberculosis, syphilis, etc.

A number of predisposing factors can lead to the development of inflammation:

• missing or incorrect treatment of diseases of the pelvic organs;
• the presence of the intrauterine device for more than the specified period;
• surgical intervention without sanitation of the genital tract;
• many sexual partners;
• existing sexually transmitted diseases;
• early onset of sexual activity after childbirth or abortion;
• unprotected sex;
• poor nutrition, frequent stress, hypothermia;
• weakened immunity.

Symptoms of inflammation

This disease can occur in two forms: acute and chronic. In acute infection, the following symptoms occur:

• sharp, acute pain in the lower abdomen;
• increased body temperature, chills;
• bloating;
• weakness, drowsiness and other signs of intoxication;
• purulent or mucous discharge from the vagina.

Important! The acute stage of the disease becomes chronic after two weeks with improper or absent treatment.

If proper and timely treatment is not started, the disease becomes chronic, in which the following symptoms are added:

• irregular menstrual cycle, its long absence;
• severe pain during menstruation;
• pain in the lower abdomen, radiating to the rectum;
• discomfort during intimacy.

Note! This disease can also be diagnosed in girls. In this case, the infection enters through the lymph or blood.

What are the consequences of the disease

Incorrect or absent treatment of any disease leads to unpleasant consequences. In this case, they include:

Infertility. The reason for this is disruption of the fallopian tubes and ovaries. In this case, adhesions may form in the fallopian tubes, which prevents the fertilized egg from entering the uterus. This is why pregnancy is impossible.

Ectopic pregnancy . In this case, the fertilized egg is implanted on the fallopian tube, and not in the uterus.

With frequent inflammation of the appendages or incomplete healing, the likelihood of an ectopic pregnancy increases several times.

1. Uterine bleeding or anemorrhea (absence of menstruation for more than six months).
2. Purulent processes in the uterus. They are accompanied by severe pain and are very dangerous for a woman’s life. If
3. Pus will enter the abdominal area, and the peritoneum may become infected.
4. Hormonal disorders.
5. Decreased immunity.
6. Sleep disturbances, nervous disorders.

Diagnostics

To correctly diagnose and prescribe treatment, you must undergo an examination:

1. Blood and urine tests. Here, the level of leukocytes and lymphocytes is taken into account, which, in the presence of infection, exceed the norm. Tests for HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases are also taken.
2. Ultrasound of the pelvic organs.
3. If it is difficult to make a diagnosis, laparoscopy is prescribed. To do this, a light guide is inserted into the abdominal cavity, which shows the condition of the pelvis and abdominal cavity. This method allows you to quickly and accurately make a diagnosis and begin treatment.

How to treat inflammation of the appendages

Treatment of this disease is often carried out in a hospital. The patient is prescribed a course of antibiotics, painkillers, immunostimulants, antihistamines and vitamins. To prevent the development of vaginal dysbiosis, antifungal drugs are used.

Probiotics are prescribed in the form of suppositories, as well as baths with antiseptics and anti-inflammatory agents. After the main symptoms disappear, physical therapy may be prescribed. To restore the menstrual cycle, hormonal drugs are prescribed. All consequences of the disease are treated only after their cause is eliminated.

The use of antibiotics is considered the most effective means for recovery. The most popular are: Metronidazole, Ampicillin, Tetracycline, Erythromycin, etc. The dosage is determined by the doctor, based on the stage and symptoms of the disease.

If the disease occurs in acute or chronic form, the patient is prescribed injections. In this case, complete hospitalization or day hospitalization is necessary.

The injections are administered into a vein or muscle tissue and have an immediate result.

Among the main drugs that are administered as injections may be: Ampicillin, Clindamycin, Metronidazole, Cefazolin, etc. The amount, regimen and duration are determined by the attending physician. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (Diclofenac, Ibuprofen, etc.) should definitely be added to antibiotics.

Pills

In addition to the main treatment, the woman is prescribed anti-inflammatory drugs. They are aimed at relieving pain, inflammation, and improving blood flow in the pelvic organs. Such drugs include Diclofenac, Indomethacin, Voltaren.

Drugs such as Remens and Calcium gluconate have anti-inflammatory and anti-climatic properties. They help the body recover faster.

Candles

Among the types of suppositories, for inflammation of the appendages the following are most often used:

1. Terzhinan is an anti-inflammatory and anti-infective agent that quickly and easily fights its pathogens.
2. Pimafucin - this drug has an antifungal and anti-inflammatory effect.
3. Betadine is an anti-inflammatory suppository that can be used to prevent infections, as well as before and after surgery.

Such drugs must be prescribed by the attending physician, who sets the recommended dosage, duration, etc. All suppositories that can be used for inflammation of the appendages can be divided into several groups:

1. With a resolving effect. This drug is aimed at thinning pus and blood clots, as well as various fungi. Suppositories should be administered 2-3 times a day for a week. These types include: Dalatsin, Betadine, Iodoxide, etc.
2. Antiseptic effect. These are mainly ichthyol suppositories, which are taken 1-2 times a day. The course of treatment is 10 days.
3.  Immunomodulatory effect. Such drugs are aimed at fighting viruses and improving immunity. The most popular are: Viferon, Genferon, etc.

These types of drugs are used rectally.

To normalize the vaginal microflora. To avoid dysbacteriosis, Flagyl, Terzhinan, Acylact are prescribed. This type of medication is used once a day, before bedtime. The average course duration is 10 days.

Traditional methods of treatment

Treatment with traditional methods should not replace medication. It can be used as a supplement to relieve unpleasant symptoms. But this should be done after consulting a doctor.

 Wormwood . To do this, you need to take 2 liters of water, boil it, and add a handful of wormwood herb. Mix everything and remove from heat. Place the container with the grass on the floor and squat over the hot steam for 20 minutes. After six treatments, symptoms become less pronounced.

Ortilia one-sided, or ramishia . This herb is used to treat many diseases of the female genital organs. To do this you need to chop 1 tbsp. herbs, and pour 1 cup of boiling water over it. Let it brew for two hours, then strain everything, and take 1/3 cup orally before meals.

Alcohol tincture from orthalia . To do this you will need 50 grams of grass and 0.5 liters of alcohol, mix everything. Let it brew in a dark place for two weeks, then strain. The infusion should be taken 3 times a day, 35 drops before meals.

Douching

The douching procedure is carried out in the bathroom. To do this you need:

1. Find a comfortable position with your legs up against the wall.
2. Relax, otherwise it will be difficult to enter the vagina.
3. Insert the syringe with the medicine so as not to damage anything. For this, 200-300 ml of decoction will be enough.
4. All movements must be careful; liquid must be poured into the vagina slowly, otherwise it may enter the uterus.
5. It is best to douche in the morning and evening every other day until the condition improves.

Hypoallergenic diet for inflammation of the appendages

A diet for adnexitis is prescribed to each patient. Thanks to it, the body increases protective functions and improves metabolic processes in areas of inflammation.

A hypoallergenic diet involves avoiding sweets, eggs, salt, mushrooms and carbohydrates. The patient should consume no more than 100 grams per day. proteins, 70 gr. – fat, 300 gr. – carbohydrates.

The approximate kcal ratio is about 2300. Food should be boiled or steamed.

Question answer

Is it possible to cure inflammation of the appendages without becoming chronic? Inflammation of the appendages in women can be cured before it becomes chronic. To do this, you must follow the doctor's recommendations.

The patient is usually prescribed antibiotics. If they do not give results, droppers are prescribed, which are aimed at removing toxins, as well as obtaining vitamins and minerals for the body. This promotes a speedy recovery.

In most cases, the woman undergoes treatment at home. However, in severe cases, as well as the presence of complications, a hospital regime is necessary. In some cases, surgery is required to get rid of inflammation. Basically, it is prescribed when an abscess ruptures or is threatened. In other cases, the patient is prescribed antibiotics.

Source: https://lifestyleplus.ru/vospalenie-pridatkov-u-zhenshin.html

Chronic inflammation of the appendages – chronic adnexitis. Symptoms, diagnostic methods and treatment of ovarian inflammation

NEAD EAD SEAD South Administrative District South-Western Administrative District CJSC Central Administrative District SZAO Northern Administrative District 01 02 03 05 06 07 08 09 1 0 1 1 1 2 14 18 15 16 17 Babushkinskaya Prospekt Mira Pervomaiskaya Baumanskaya Paveletskaya Teply Stan Shipilovskaya Prague Academic University Barrikadnaya River Station Oktyabrskoye Bratislava Taganskaya Academician Yangelya October Field
Dubenko Tatyana Anatolevna

Chronic inflammation of the appendages - inflammation of the ovaries and fallopian tubes - is one of the most common causes of infertility. Chronic inflammation of the ovaries necessarily requires treatment, which must be carried out by a qualified and experienced gynecologist.

The uterine appendages are the fallopian tubes and ovaries. The maturation of the egg occurs in the ovaries, and the fallopian tubes transport the egg to the uterine cavity. On this path, fertilization occurs.

In a healthy woman, the fallopian tubes and ovaries are in an almost sterile state, i.e. they are free of any microorganisms. The penetration of bacteria here inevitably leads to the development of inflammation.  

Inflammation of the fallopian tubes is called salpingitis , inflammation of the ovaries is called oophoritis ; but the structure of these organs is such that inflammation usually affects both the fallopian tube and the ovary.

In this case, they talk about salpingoophoritis or - the more common name - adnexitis . Adnexitis (inflammation of the appendages) can be unilateral or bilateral.

Bilateral inflammation of the appendages is often combined with inflammation of the uterus.

Causes of chronic inflammation of the appendages (adnexitis)

The main cause of inflammation of the appendages is sexually transmitted infections. Infection usually occurs through sexual contact, after which the infection “rises” into the appendages. The causative agents of such diseases can enter the body in another way: an infected mother can infect her daughter during childbirth. A household route of infection is unlikely, but this possibility cannot be completely ruled out.

Inflammation of the appendages can also be caused by so-called conditionally pathogenic bacteria, which are inevitably present in the body, but under normal conditions do not enter the appendages. When immunity decreases, these microorganisms are activated and penetrate the appendages. Often this is facilitated by overwork, stress, hypothermia, chronic infectious disease - tonsillitis, sinusitis and even caries.

The infection can penetrate through the damaged uterine mucosa during surgery - abortion, installation of an intrauterine device, diagnostic curettage. For the same reason, the risk of disease increases with premature sexual intercourse after childbirth. The resumption of sexual relations should be planned based on the recommendations of your gynecologist.

Symptoms of chronic inflammation of the appendages (adnexitis)

There are acute and chronic adnexitis. Acute inflammation of the appendages cannot go unnoticed. At the same time, in a chronic form, the disease can occur without obvious symptoms.

Symptoms of acute adnexitis Symptoms of chronic adnexitis

Left without proper treatment, adnexitis can become chronic. However, the insidiousness of this disease is that chronic adnexitis often develops without acute symptoms.

In this case, during periods of exacerbation, only minor pain in the lower abdomen may be felt, accompanied by a slight increase in temperature.

Dull, aching pain in the abdomen can be constant, intensifying during physical activity, sexual intercourse and menstruation. Menstrual irregularities are observed.

If there is no pain, you may not be aware of the existing inflammation at all. Chronic inflammation of the appendages can be suspected if there are difficulties with conception (infertility).

Methods for diagnosing chronic inflammation of the appendages (adnexitis)

Inflammation of the appendages is the most common cause of infertility. Inflammation leads to the formation of adhesions in the fallopian tubes, as a result of which eggs do not enter the uterus (the so-called fallopian tube obstruction). The inflammatory process in the ovary can also lead to disorders that prevent pregnancy.

Since chronic inflammation can be asymptomatic, for timely detection of the disease it is necessary to undergo regular gynecological examinations (at least once a year). This is especially important for women who have an active sex life.

It is very important to make sure that you do not have inflammation of the appendages when planning a pregnancy. Adhesions in chronic adnexitis can prevent an already fertilized egg from entering the uterus, which can lead to the development of an ectopic pregnancy. The inflammatory process in the appendages also increases the likelihood of miscarriage.

Sign up for diagnostics

Treatment methods for chronic inflammation of the appendages (adnexitis)

The diagnostic capabilities of any of the Family Doctor clinics will allow you to identify the disease or exclude the possibility of chronic adnexitis.

In case of identified inflammation, qualified and experienced gynecologists at the “Family Doctor” will prescribe you an individual course of complex treatment using physiotherapeutic procedures and other additional methods of therapy, taking into account the type of infection and the characteristics of your body.

Antibiotics, as a rule, are not used in the treatment of chronic inflammation of the appendages. The exception is particularly severe cases.

The third stage of treatment is aimed at increasing the level of immunity and restoring reproductive functions.

For chronic adnexitis, in cases where this is possible, surgical treatment is performed to restore the patency of the fallopian tubes.

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Source: https://www.fdoctor.ru/bolezn/khronicheskoe_vospalenie_pridatkov/

Chronic adnexitis - how to treat, symptoms and signs

Immunomodulatory treatment is carried out with alpha-2b interferons:

Recommended treatment regimen for chronic adnexitis: 2 suppositories per day (morning and evening) daily for 10 days. Then - 2 suppositories per day 3 times a week for a long course: up to 3-12 months.

Immunostimulants are prescribed individually, after consultation with an immunologist-allergist. Often used:

• Levamisole
• T-activin
• Thymogen
• Lycopid
• Galavit
• Cycloferon
• Neovir et al.

Biostimulants reduce infiltrative changes and prevent the formation of adhesions:

• PhiBS
• Peat
• Humisol
• Aloe (liquid extract)
• Placenta extract (for injection)
• Splenin and others.

• Unfortunately, the effectiveness of these drugs is not always sufficient.
• Physiotherapy is a mandatory area of ​​complex treatment of bilateral adnexitis, as well as unilateral inflammation of the appendages. Popular methods: - electrophoresis on the area of ​​the appendages with a 5% solution of “Placenta hydrolyzate”, - magnetic laser therapy, - magnetic therapy (low frequency, constant magnetic field)
• - ultraviolet or laser irradiation of blood, etc.

Physiotherapy is allowed only for uncomplicated forms of adnexitis and is contraindicated for any tumor processes

Massage of the abdomen and lumbosacral area improves blood circulation and lymph flow in the area of ​​the pathological focus.

Providing an analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect, massage stimulates the body's defenses. It has a positive effect on the nervous system and regulates the ovarian-menstrual cycle.

Recommended course of therapeutic massage for chronic adnexitis: 10-15 procedures, 10-15 minutes daily.

Normalization of ovarian function, if necessary, is carried out with gestagen hormones:

• Duphaston
• Norkolut
• Orgametril
• Primolut-nor, etc.

Recommended dosage: from the 16th to the 25th day of the menstrual cycle.

Cyclic vitamin therapy for chronic adnexitis is prescribed according to the following scheme:

• Vitamin B9 (folic acid) – in the 1st phase of the menstrual cycle, 5 mg per day.
• Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) - in the 2nd phase of the menstrual cycle, 100 mg per day.
• Vitamin E – 3 months in a row, 100 mg per day.

Rational nutrition, regulation of intestinal function, physical therapy are important points in the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases of the appendages

Possible complications of chronic adnexitis

• Purulent parametritis is a complication of the exacerbation phase of the disease
• Formation of saccular and purulent tubo-ovarian formations: -
  1. Hydrosalpinx
  2. Pyosalpinx
  3. Piovar
  4. Tuboovarian "tumor"
  5. Tuboovarian abscess

  — — — —

• Adhesions in the pelvis
• Tubal occlusion

Source: https://promatka.ru/vospalenie-matochnykh-trub/simptomy-lechenie-hronicheskogo-adne.html

Adnexitis (inflammation of the appendages)

Adnexitis is one- or two-sided inflammation of the ovaries and fallopian tubes, caused by various microorganisms. The most common cause of adnexitis is bacteria such as streptococcus, gonococcus, staphylococcus, and E. coli.

There is an opinion that bacterial activity in the body is caused primarily by a decrease in immunity, but no less important reasons can be intestinal dysbiosis, diabetes mellitus, and urinary tract infection. Many microorganisms are constantly present in the female body, and are activated only when the work as a whole fails.

There are acute and chronic adnexitis. Chronic adnexitis is one of the most common gynecological diseases, characterized by frequent relapses. Chronic adnexitis develops in the case of an untreated acute process. Periods of its exacerbation are characterized by a deterioration in general well-being.

The start for the development of adnexitis can be:

• hypothermia
• sex without barrier methods of contraception and during menstruation
• failure to comply with the rules of personal and sexual hygiene
• chronic infections
• overwork
• diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, constipation
• physical inactivity
• a large number of problems and processes in the female genital area (endometriosis, childbirth, any intrauterine interventions: abortion, hysterosalpingography (examination of the uterine cavity and fallopian tubes), diagnostic uterine curettage).

Symptoms of adnexitis

Adnexitis manifests itself with varying strength, depending on the spread of inflammation and its severity, on the characteristics of the pathogen and the condition of the body as a whole.

Acute adnexitis

General manifestations of acute adnexitis and, accordingly, the infectious process include:

• heat
• chills, malaise
• nausea, vomiting
• headache
• nervousness, irritability, apathy
• insomnia.

Specific symptoms of acute adnexitis:

• aching, periodic or constant pain in the lower abdomen, which can radiate to the lower back, rectum, or hips
• discharge (leucorrhoea), which is divided into mucous, serous, purulent, often accompanied by itching and irritation in the external genital area.

Chronic adnexitis

General symptoms of chronic adnexitis:

• dysfunction of the digestive system due to concomitant infection
• pathology of the urinary system (urinary tract infection, cystitis, bacteriuria, pyelonephritis).

Specific symptoms of chronic adnexitis:

• sexual dysfunction, lack of sexual desire (occurs in 35-40% of women)
• “dull”, constant pain in the lower abdomen, aggravated by physical activity, menstruation, sexual intercourse, after hypothermia and stress
• disorders of the menstrual cycle in the form of heavy bleeding, or, conversely, scanty bleeding,
• long periods
• infertility caused by obstruction of the fallopian tubes against the background of a long-term inflammatory process.

Diagnostics

To make a diagnosis of adnexitis, a consultation with a qualified gynecologist is necessary, who will evaluate the patient’s complaints and prescribe and analyze laboratory and instrumental studies: two-manual gynecological examination, examination of smears of the urethra, vagina and cervix, microbiological examination of the contents of the fallopian tubes and abdominal cavity, as well as ultrasound of the organs small pelvis.

The most effective method for diagnosing adnexitis is laparoscopy, which allows you to identify purulent formations and examine the fallopian tubes.

To determine the patency of the fallopian tubes and the extent of the pathological process, an X-ray examination of the uterus and appendages is performed with the introduction of a contrast agent - hysterosalpingography.

 In case of menstrual irregularities, functional tests are performed (measuring rectal temperature, determining pupil symptoms and cervical mucus tension).

Laboratory blood tests can determine the presence of inflammation by leukocytosis; urine tests can detect an increase in the amount of protein, leukocyturia, bacteriuria, which is associated with damage to the urethra and bladder.

Treatment of adnexitis

To treat acute adnexitis, a woman must be hospitalized. She is shown physical and mental rest, a light diet without spicy, fatty foods, etc.

, a sufficient amount of fluid, as well as monitoring the excretory function of the kidneys.

Painkillers, anti-inflammatory, and desensitizing drugs are usually prescribed, but the main role in the treatment of adnexitis belongs to antibiotics, with preference given to antibiotics with a long period of action and elimination.

In case of severe disease that threatens blood poisoning (sepsis), antibiotics and drugs for a bactericidal effect on anaerobic flora are used (mainly intravenously). For purulent forms of inflammation, laparoscopy is performed, during which the pus is removed and the site of inflammation is irrigated with antibiotics and antiseptics.

When the acute symptoms of adnexitis are relieved, physiotherapy is prescribed (vibromassage, ultrasound, electrophoresis with magnesium, potassium, zinc on the lower abdomen), as well as biostimulants.

These methods reduce tissue swelling, have a resolving and analgesic effect, and help reduce the formation of adhesions.

As additional methods, paraffin treatment, therapeutic mud (ozokerite), baths and vaginal irrigation with sodium chloride, sulfide mineral waters, as well as spa treatment (in the stage of stable remission) are effective.

Inflammation of the appendages must be treated, otherwise it can lead to complications. If these symptoms occur, you should immediately consult a gynecologist.

Forecast

We must remember that if acute adnexitis is not treated, it can turn into chronic inflammation, the treatment of which takes a long time. It is fraught with various serious diseases, including endometriosis and infertility, and its frequent relapses can lead to neuroses, decreased ability to work, as well as decreased sexual desire, and, as a result, conflict situations in the family.

The earlier treatment is started, the faster and easier it is to treat this disease.

Prevention

Prevention of adnexitis, first of all, is necessary for women in the period after any medical interventions on the pelvic organs. For prevention purposes, a number of conditions must be observed:

1. Try to avoid factors that can provoke the appearance of acute adnexitis and relapses of chronic adnexitis. These include:

• hypothermia
• sexually transmitted infections
• stress
• abuse of spicy food and alcohol.

• 2. Use modern methods of contraception, and if necessary, terminate the pregnancy - resort to non-traumatic termination
• 3. Timely begin and carry out a full range of treatment for inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs, without interrupting it
• 4. Visit a gynecologist regularly (at least once every 6 months)

5. Observe basic hygiene rules - washing, timely changing of pads and tampons, underwear, not wearing tight clothes that impede blood flow in the pelvic organs, etc.

If any of the listed symptoms occur, a woman should immediately contact a gynecologist, since not only her health, but also the existence of a full-fledged family depends on this.

Source: https://expert-clinica.ru/diseases/adneksit-vospalenie-pridatkov

Causes and treatment of inflammation of the appendages in women

A woman's appendages are the fallopian tubes and ovaries. They are located in the pubic area, above the pubic bone. These organs are responsible for the growth and development of the egg, as well as its release into the uterine cavity.

The maturation of female germ cells occurs inside the ovary. In the middle of the cycle, a mature egg leaves it into the cavity of the fallopian tube and goes to the uterus. At this point, the egg can be fertilized by a male reproductive cell (sperm).

Then, when it gets on the uterine mucosa, it will attach to its surface, and pregnancy will begin. If the egg remains unfertilized, then it leaves the uterine cavity along with the mucous epithelium. This is how menstrual bleeding occurs.

The action of the inflammatory response is aimed at limiting the spread of infection. With redness and swelling, a number of biochemical processes are triggered that stop the further spread of the pathogen and cause its death. Thus, inflammation of the uterine appendages is a response to the penetration of bacteria or viruses inside.

Local inflammation of the ovaries and appendages in women is called adnexitis in medical terminology.

Factors and causes of adnexitis

The cause of adnexitis is infection. Inflammation is caused by pathogenic organisms (so-called bacteria) or pathogenic particles (viruses).

Moreover, they can enter the appendages in different ways, during sexual intercourse or during medical procedures (installation of a spiral, curettage of the uterus during an abortion).

Internal infection is also possible - with the bloodstream from another inflamed organ. More often than others (in 80% of cases), the causative agents of inflammation are cocci and chlamydia.

In order for pathogens to enter the appendages from the outside, they must overcome the protective barrier of the vaginal mucosa. Healthy vaginal flora protects the epididymis from pathogens. If the vaginal microflora is disturbed for some reason, then infection becomes possible.

The following factors lead to a decrease in immunity, disruption of the vaginal flora, and the appearance of inflammation:

• Hypothermia – banal situations such as “I caught a cold”, “I dressed poorly”, “I got my feet wet”, “I sat in the cold”.
• Stress – forms general muscle and vascular spasm, disrupts blood circulation, and causes congestion. Therefore, against the background of constant stress, various infections often appear.
• Unsatisfied sexuality (forms stagnant processes).
• Hormonal disorders - most often hormonal imbalance occurs while taking contraceptives.
• Sexual life with several sexual partners often causes the transmission of sexually transmitted infections to each other, the appearance of acute and chronic inflammation.

Note: the human bacterial flora contains pathogenic microorganisms in certain quantities. At the same time, their vital activity is controlled by the immune system. With a persistent decrease in protective reactions (due to particular psychoses, stress, poor nutrition, and other reasons), inflammation of the internal organs can form on its own, without the presence of a source of infection.

How to determine the presence of inflammation in the adnexal organs? What are the signs of inflammation of the appendages in women if the process has acquired a sluggish chronic form?

Symptoms of inflammation of the appendages in women

The main symptom of inflammation is pain. With adnexitis, it occurs in the lower abdomen, lower back and may be accompanied by additional symptoms - unpleasant mucous discharge (leucorrhoea), failure of menstruation.

In acute adnexitis, the pain is severe. They are accompanied by painful urination and pain. They can also hit the leg. Acute adnexitis is often accompanied by fever. Possible indigestion.

The chronic form, sluggish inflammation of the appendages in women does not cause an increase in temperature. The pain is felt as mild, moderate, or may be absent altogether. The appearance of mild pain in chronic adnexitis can be felt against the background of an increase in temperature during a cold infection. Pain during sexual intercourse is also possible, especially with deep penetration.

Also, the presence of chronic inflammation in the appendages may be accompanied by menstrual irregularities. The reason for this is the ovaries perform the function of producing sex hormones - estrogens, progestins. In inflamed tissues, hormonal synthesis is disrupted, which causes deviations in the timing of menstruation, their abundance, duration, and other cycle disorders.

Often chronic adnexitis occurs unnoticed. However, it needs to be treated. A long-term chronic process is dangerous due to complications.

Consequences of inflammation of the appendages: adhesions and infertility

What does adnexitis threaten a woman with? Why is a sluggish inflammatory process harmful if it does not create pain or a source of discomfort? Why is it important to know about the presence of inflammation?

Let us list what processes occur in the appendages during a long-term, sluggish inflammatory process:

1. The mucous membrane of the fallopian tubes swells, increases in size, the lumen in the tubes narrows, they become impassable for eggs. This condition is called “tubal” infertility.
2. The consequence of a long-term inflammatory disease is adhesions. They are rope-like growths of connective tissue on the inflamed mucosa. This is a kind of “bridge” that fences off the inflammation zone from healthy cells. In the future, the presence of adhesions may cause the fertilized egg to stop moving towards the uterus. Which means it causes infertility, the inability of a woman to become pregnant. Also, the cause of adhesions can be the use of antibiotics.
3. If the passage of the egg through the fallopian tube is difficult or impossible, the fertilized zygote may linger in it or go in the other direction - to the abdominal cavity. This is how an ectopic pregnancy forms.
4. The process of synthesis of female sex hormones is disrupted. Which leads to menstrual irregularities and unstable egg maturation.

Conclusion: chronic inflammation of the appendages often causes disruption of a woman’s reproductive function, disruption of the reproductive processes, which can be defined in a more understandable word - infertility.

How to treat inflammation of the appendages

Treatment of inflammation of the appendages in women depends on the strength of the inflammatory process and the nature of the infection. If the cause of the disease is a pathogenic microorganism (bacterium), then antibacterial drugs (antibiotics) are needed. If the cause of the infection is a virus, then antiviral measures and agents are needed - specific antiviral drugs and immunomodulators.

Acute stage: treating the causative agent infection

More often, the causative agent of the inflammatory process in the female genital organs is pathogenic bacteria (anaerobes), the reproduction and vital activity of which occurs in an oxygen-free environment. Antibacterial drugs are prescribed for their treatment.

The choice of antibiotic is determined by the type of pathogen. Antibacterial agents have a wide spectrum of action, but are unable to equally counteract all pathogens.

Therefore, for effective treatment, the pathogen is determined by taking a smear from the vaginal flora.

If it is impossible to inoculate the pathogen, then antibiotics of the widest and most general spectrum of action are prescribed. These are drugs of the cephalosporin and penicillin groups (Ceftriaxone, Amoxiclav).

They may also prescribe milder antibacterial agents - Erythromycin, Metronidazole. For minor inflammation, they are prescribed in tablet form.

For severe adnexitis - in the form of injections (shots), which are given under the supervision of a doctor in a hospital.

What antibiotics are prescribed for home treatment for inflammation of the appendages and ovaries:

• Macrolides - Azithromycins (Summamed), Erythromycins (international version - Clindamycins). These tablets for inflammation of the appendages are most often prescribed for the treatment of adnexitis. They are considered the least toxic antibacterial drugs with a minimum of side effects and contraindications.
• Fluoroquinalines – Norfloxacin, Ofloxocin, Lomefloxacin. They represent one of the latest generations of antibacterial drugs and are almost non-addictive.
• Nitromidazoles - Metronidazole, Ornidazole, Ternidazole. This group acts against nitro group pathogens.

Remission stage: treating the remnants of the inflammatory process

After limiting the growth and development of the pathogen, a period of remission begins. It is characterized by the presence of residual signs of inflammation in the mucosal epithelial cells. That is, there is still inflammation, but the causative agent is no longer there.

Often, many women end treatment at this stage, believing that the residual effects will go away on their own. This is indeed possible, but only in a healthy female body with a strong immune system.

Often the opposite happens. Residual inflammation becomes the basis for re-infection and relapse (recurrence) of the disease. Therefore, treatment must be completed.

What is prescribed during the remission stage?

These include:

• Physiotherapy (magnetic therapy, electrophoresis).
• Warming and compresses.
• Paraffin treatment.
• Mud therapy.
• Massage – special gynecological, on the lower back and lower abdomen.

Treatment with mineral waters at a balneological resort is also prescribed.

Remedies to boost immunity

In addition to “direct action” drugs, which are directed directly against the causative agent of the infection, the treatment of adnexitis uses means and drugs to boost immunity. They are also necessarily used in the treatment of viral inflammation caused by foreign particles (for example, in the treatment of genital herpes). Immunity boosters include:

• Vitamin-mineral complexes are necessary to ensure active protective reactions. They are prescribed for any diseases, infections, inflammations.
• Prebiotics are drugs for normalizing the bacterial flora, providing local immunity to the internal cavity of the vagina and intestines. Must be prescribed during treatment with antibacterial substances.
• Specific drugs to stimulate the immune system - antiviral drugs, immunomodulators. They are necessarily prescribed for a viral infection. For example, against herpes - tablets and ointments with acyclovir, famvir, panavir. And for any viral infections - suppositories with interferon.

Often, treatment with absorbable drugs and medications for immunity are prescribed from the first days of illness. If the inflammation is caused by a bacterial pathogen, then immunity agents are an additional treatment that shortens the duration of antibacterial therapy. In case of a viral pathogen, immunostimulants provide the main treatment for the disease.

Treatment with antibiotics lasts from 7 to 10 days. The duration of treatment with vitamins, prebiotics, as well as the use of physiotherapy is 3-4 weeks (almost a month).

Treatment of chronic inflammation of the appendages varies in duration and uses various drugs - tablets, injections, vaginal suppositories, as well as physiotherapy. Vaginal suppositories are the most convenient for treatment at home and are very effective.

Anti-inflammatory suppositories for inflammation of the appendages

The introduction of drugs into the vaginal cavity ensures rapid penetration of the drug into the inflammation zone and a high therapeutic effect of its use. What anti-inflammatory suppositories are used in gynecology for inflammation of the appendages?

Suppositories with NSAIDs

NSAIDs or non-steroidal suppositories for inflammation of the appendages with an anti-inflammatory effect:

• Indomethacin.
• Diclofenac.
• Voltaren.

Also, for adnexitis, hemorrhoidal suppositories with belladonna are prescribed. They are an anti-inflammatory and analgesic at the same time.

The listed drugs are classified as drugs for the treatment of joint diseases and inflammation. They are also successfully used in the treatment of any internal inflammatory processes.

Absorbable suppositories

These drugs prevent the formation of adhesions. They stop adhesions during inflammation and resolve adhesions after treatment of adnexitis.

• Terrylitin suppositories - dilute blood clots and pus, break down necrotic (dead) tissue.
• Longidaza also promotes the resorption of adhesions and stops the adhesive process.

Candles with antiseptics

Vaginal suppositories with antiseptics of antifungal and antibacterial action for the treatment of appendages are ineffective. They are prescribed if, in addition to adnexal inflammation, there is inflammation of the vaginal cavity (colpitis).

Antifungal suppositories:

• Gainomax.
• Myconalosis.
• Gyno-Pevaril.
• Nystatin.
• Primafungin.
• Terzhinan.

Candles with antibacterial action:

• Dalatsin.
• Clindacin.
• Metrovagin.
• Betadine.
• Hexicon.
• Iodoxide.
• Fluomizin.
• Terzhinan (complex drug with antibacterial and antifungal effects and hormonal prednisolone).

Treatment with suppositories, the introduction of medicinal substances into the vaginal or rectal cavity is indicated for various diseases. Medicinal substances enter the bloodstream, bypassing the digestive tract, without partial destruction in the liver. This reduces the incidence of allergic reactions and increases the effectiveness of treatment.

Rectal suppositories with immunomodulatory effects

Preparations with interferon exhibit an antiviral effect. They are broad-spectrum immunomodulators. The most famous of them are Viferon, Genferon, Kipferon.

Note: the drugs listed are rectal suppositories, that is, they are introduced into the rectum through the anus.

Suppositories for normalizing vaginal microflora

Also, during and after treatment with andexide, suppositories are used to normalize the vaginal flora - Acylact, Lactobacterin. They are absolutely necessary during antibiotic treatment. Desirable – in the treatment of viral forms of infections.

Treatment of inflammation of the appendages with folk remedies

How to treat inflammation of the appendages without pharmaceutical drugs? Traditional medicine offers a number of measures that are aimed at limiting the development of inflammation and the spread of infection.

To stimulate the immune system, take orally:

• Onions and garlic are sources of sulfur and popular natural immunomodulators.
• Citrus juices are sources of vitamin C.
• Freshly squeezed vegetable juices are sources of digestible vitamins.

For local antiseptic therapy - do vaginal douching, put tampons with natural antibiotics and antiseptics.

In this case they use:

• aloe;
• warm infusions of antiseptic herbs;
• tampons with ichthyol ointment.

And also warm baths with essential oils, steaming with wormwood, salt, salt compresses on the lower abdomen.

Traditional medicine does not always cure inflammation to the end. To prevent it from becoming chronic, after treatment it is necessary to undergo tests and check that there are no foci of inflammation left.

Source: https://ladydo.ru/zdorove/zhenskie-zabolevaniya/kak-chem-lechit-vospalenie-pridatkov-u-zhenshhin-priznaki-simptomy-antibiotiki.html