Runny nose and features of its course based on the cause of occurrence

A runny nose is a disease that develops gradually and progresses over several days .

This pathology progresses, developing in certain stages, and each of them requires a specific approach to treatment.

Stages of runny nose in adults

• In general cases, the disease goes away within a week.
• But depending on the state of immunity, the disease can be eliminated in three to four days or in one and a half to two weeks (provided that the cold does not become chronic).
• In medical practice, most often this pathology goes through three stages of development.

First

The first stage (also known as “reflex”) is characterized by the following symptoms :

• sensation of itching, burning and irritation in the nose;
• feeling of dryness in the nasal passages;
• bouts of sneezing;
• cough;
• difficulty with nasal breathing.

The duration of the first stage of a runny nose and snot depends on age and ranges from 2-3 hours to three days.

Second

The second (catarrhal) stage follows the reflex stage and can last 5-7 days.

The symptoms are the same as in the first stage, but intensify and may have the following features:

• swelling of the nasal passages becomes more pronounced;
• partial or complete loss of smell is possible;
• breathing becomes difficult and impossible: the patient cannot breathe through the nose;
• mucous discharge from the nose appears;
• Uncontrolled lacrimation and the development of photophobia are possible.

In severe cases , hoarseness appears, and then the patient begins to talk through his nose.

Source: https://prostudanet.com/bolezni/nose/nasmork/stadii.html

Internal runny nose: features of the course - Medical pharmacist

Rhinitis (runny nose) is the most common disease of the upper respiratory tract. It can occur as an independent disease, or be a sign of ARVI or allergies. More often it is a sign of a general disease.

The nasal cavity has an extensive network of blood vessels in the mucous membrane, which is the first defense against adverse factors contained in the inhaled air. Penetration of the pathogenic component into the mucous membrane causes inflammation, called rhinitis, colloquially the runny nose.

By origin it happens:

• Infectious;
• allergic;
• vasomotor.

The incidence of infectious rhinitis in adults is over 50%, in children – up to 90%. Allergic rhinitis affects 30% of people.

They have always tried to study the runny nose and find a cure for it. Medicinal herbs, bloodletting, and snuff were used. In the 18th–19th centuries, a runny nose was treated with tincture of opium and heroin.

The course of rhinitis usually has 3 stages:

• Initial – accompanied by dry nose, itching, burning. Nasal breathing and perception of smells gradually become difficult;
• second, the virus is actively reproducing. Nasal breathing is completely impaired, copious liquid mucous discharge flows;
• third, the damaged mucous membrane is abundantly populated by bacteria. The discharge is mucopurulent. A body with a strong immune system actively fights infection and recovery occurs. In case of weakened immunity, when the disease does not stop within a month, intensive treatment is necessary. Otherwise, the infection will go lower and cause diseases such as purulent sinusitis and acute pharyngitis.

Causes of rhinitis

• Microorganisms - viruses, less often bacteria, fungi. Bacteria are characteristic of the chronic form of not only rhinitis, but also chronic bronchitis;
• weakened immunity - occurs against the background of hypothermia (local or general) or as a result of recent inflammation;
• allergens - pollen, dust, animal hair or saliva;
• impaired vascular tone.

Factors contributing to the disease:

• Inhalation of cold, heavily dusty, polluted air, tobacco smoke, sharp, pungent odors;
• sudden change in air temperature;
• trauma or congenital anatomical disorders of the nasal structure;
• chronic illnesses (hypertension, ENT diseases, kidney diseases, alcoholism, endocrine and nervous disorders);
• long-term use of medications.

Symptoms of the disease

Rhinitis has acute and chronic forms.

Acute symptoms

Acute rhinitis - infectious, allergic, traumatic, with damage to both halves of the nose and an acute onset:

• Nasal discharge:
  1. transparent - at the initial stage;
  2. at the second stage - yellowish-green;
  3. mucopurulent - on the third.
• difficulty breathing through the nose;
• rise in body temperature to 37 C, more often in children;
• lethargy, chills, headache;
• noise, congestion in the ears - when inflammation passes into the auditory tube;
• conjunctivitis, lacrimation - with damage to the lacrimal ducts.

Signs of chronicity

Chronic rhinitis is an inflammation that lasts for months and years.

• Nasal congestion is periodic, worsening under certain conditions, occurring on one side or the other. Does not go away after using vasoconstrictors;
• nasal discharge - mucous, watery or thick yellow-green, occurring periodically or constantly;
• sneezing;
• nasality;
• decreased sense of smell;
• sleep disorders, headache.

Chronic

• Catarrhal - with constant non-purulent inflammation of the mucous membrane, the least severe form;
• hypertrophic - usually this is a consequence of other types of rhinitis. It is expressed by the proliferation of connective tissue or bone. Nasal breathing is impossible. Compression of the nasolacrimal canals causes constant lacrimation, and compression of the mouths of the auditory tubes is accompanied by deafness;
• atrophic - characterized by thinning and slight traumatization of the mucous membrane with the formation of many crusts and minor bleeding;
• ozena - characteristic of the tropics, subtropics, characterized by the destruction of the mucous membrane and bone structure of the nose. Many crusts with a foul odor are formed.

Vasomotor rhinitis

• Allergic - seasonal or year-round. Differences: redness and swelling of the skin of the nose, lacrimation, sneezing, copious clear discharge. Often leads to hypertrophy, development of polyps;
• neurovegetative: the difference is alternating congestion of one half of the nose.

Diagnostic methods

• Examination of the patient - establishing the order of symptoms in order to determine the stage of inflammation.
• Taking an anamnesis to determine the cause of the disease.
• Rhinoscopy is an examination of the nasal cavity by an otolaryngologist using a light reflector.
• Identification of the pathogen in an infectious disease using bacteriological culture.
• Tests to identify allergens—skin tests, antibody testing, provocative and elimination tests.
• Blood chemistry.

Differential diagnosis

• Acute rhinitis is differentiated from acute specific rhinitis of infectious diseases:
• Flu – by nosebleeds, copious watery discharge;
• diphtheria - by serous-bloody discharge;
• measles - by the presence of a rash on the mucous membranes of the face.

Differentiation of acute rhinitis from vasomotor: signs of vegetative-vascular dystonia, with rhinoscopy - enlargement and swelling of the nasal turbinates with bluish mucosa.

Medicines do not help in treating a choking cough? To exclude an atypical form of allergy, be sure to familiarize yourself with the symptoms indicating allergic tracheitis.

• How timely diagnosis of pneumonia will help to carry out effective treatment is described in detail here.
• Differentiation of catarrhal rhinitis from allergic rhinitis is made in the presence of immunoglobulins.
• General rules:

• Home rest (not bed rest);
• drink plenty of fluids (hot tea with raspberries, lemon, honey);
• hot foot baths for 10-15 minutes, mustard plasters on the feet or calf muscles;
• strengthening the immune system (taking a course of vitamins);
• regular frequent nose blowing.

Acute treatment

Symptomatic and anti-inflammatory drugs are used.

For mild disease:

• to increase local immunity - instill a solution of interferon, lysozyme;
• local antiseptics (protargol, collargol);
• antiallergic drugs (diazolin, tavegil) - for allergic rhinitis;
• analgesics (analgin, solpadeine) - for headaches.

For moderate and severe cases, the following is added to this treatment:

Catarrhal type - local treatment with drugs against the identified pathogen:

• Astringents (protargol, collargol);
• antibacterial ointments: 2% sulfanilamide or 2% salicylic, mupirocin;
• antibiotic sprays: Polydexa, Isofra.

Hypertrophic:

• Surgical treatment - cauterization of the mucous membrane, partial or complete removal of hypertrophy.

Atrophic:

• Topically – emollients and disinfectants (rosehip oil, aloe juice, Aevit;

• taking immunostimulants - aloe extract, B vitamins;
• physiotherapy.

Vasomotor:

• To relieve swelling and inflammation - injections or locally in the form of a spray of glucocorticosteroids;
• surgical method - destruction of submucosal vessels by coagulation, laser or ultrasound treatment.

Allergic:

• For moderate illness - systemic antiallergic drugs (Nazaval spray);
• in severe cases - intranasal corticosteroids (Mometasone, Budesonide);
• avoiding contact with the allergen.

Physiotherapy for rhinitis

They are carried out once a day for up to 12 hours daily. Ultraviolet irradiation of the mucous membrane in the presence of discharge. A course of 2 – 3 procedures for 0.5 – 3 minutes per nostril. UHF therapy is carried out in the athermal mode of exposure to devices.

For acute rhinitis - up to 3 procedures, for chronic, vasomotor - 5 - 7. Laser therapy. Can be used at home. For acute rhinitis, 5 procedures of 5 minutes are carried out, for chronic, vasomotor - 7 - 10.

Folk remedies

Acute rhinitis: Washing. Dissolve 1 spoon of salt (preferably sea salt) in 250 g of boiled water. Draw in the solution through each nostril one at a time, releasing through the mouth. Warming up. Heat the salt in a frying pan until warm, wrap it in a cloth, apply it to the maxillary sinuses for 5 - 10 minutes. Mint tea. Pour 1 spoon of mint into 500 g of boiling water and leave for an hour.

Periodically drink half a glass of infusion and rinse your nose with it. It even relieves chronic runny nose. Catarrhal: Beetroot infusion. Chop the beets and add water. Leave to ferment for several days. Strain, rinse your nose. Onion drops. 3 tbsp. Grind chopped onion with tsp. honey and 50 ml of water. Leave for half an hour. Apply 4 drops three times a day.

Allergic rhinitis - do not use products that are allergens. Beetroot drops. Squeeze beet juice, add 3 drops three times. Birch sap – 2 drops. Atrophic: Emollient ointment. 1:10 mix calendula with Vaseline. Lubricate the nasal cavity. Massage for rhinitis. Using your index fingers, massage from the bridge of the nose and wings of the nose clockwise.

To enhance the effect, use oils (lavender, eucalyptus, menthol). Yogi breathing. It is carried out in the evening before bedtime. Sit down. Place the index finger of your right hand on the bridge of your nose, your middle finger on your left nostril, and your thumb on your right. Exhale through both nostrils. Alternately holding one nostril closed, inhale the other and exhale the first. Exhalation is 2 times longer than inhalation.

Continue for 10 – 15 minutes.

• Systematic hardening of the body - contrast shower, air, sun baths;
• regular physical activity;
• rational nutritious nutrition, if necessary, use of vitamin courses;
• avoid being in a draft, do not drink ice water;
• maintain personal hygiene, prevent contact with sick people;
• eliminating contact with allergens.

• Timely treatment of diseases, elimination of pathologies;
• periodically rinse the nose with a solution (saline, Aquamaris);
• regular visits to a therapist, otolaryngologist;
• refusal to drink alcohol, smoke.

With uncomplicated acute rhinitis, the prognosis is favorable. The main thing is to prevent the infection from spreading to the lower respiratory tract, middle ear, and paranasal sinuses.

Acute runny nose can be treated simply and quickly. Treatment started earlier will avoid the disease becoming chronic and developing complications.

If necessary, immediately contact an otolaryngologist, especially in the case of chronic rhinitis.

Acute rhinitis:

Warming up. Heat the salt in a frying pan until warm, wrap it in a cloth, and apply it to the maxillary sinuses for 5 to 10 minutes.

Mint tea. Pour 1 spoon of mint into 500 g of boiling water and leave for an hour. Periodically drink half a glass of infusion and rinse your nose with it. It even relieves chronic runny nose.

Catarrhal:

Beetroot infusion. Chop the beets and add water. Leave to ferment for several days. Strain and rinse your nose.

Onion drops. 3 tbsp. Grind chopped onion with tsp. honey and 50 ml of water. Leave for half an hour. Apply 4 drops three times a day.

Allergic rhinitis - do not use products that are allergens.

Beetroot drops. Squeeze the beet juice and add 3 drops three times.

Birch sap – 2 drops.

Atrophic:

Emollient ointment. 1:10 mix calendula with Vaseline. Lubricate the nasal cavity.

Massage for rhinitis. Using your index fingers, massage from the bridge of the nose and wings of the nose clockwise. To enhance the effect, use oils (lavender, eucalyptus, menthol).

Yogi breathing. It is carried out in the evening before bedtime. Sit down. Place the index finger of your right hand on the bridge of your nose, your middle finger on your left nostril, and your thumb on your right. Exhale through both nostrils. Alternately holding one nostril closed, inhale the other and exhale the first. Exhalation is 2 times longer than inhalation. Continue for 10 – 15 minutes.

Primary

• Systematic hardening of the body - contrast shower, air, sun baths;
• regular physical activity;
• rational nutritious nutrition, if necessary, use of vitamin courses;
• avoid being in a draft, do not drink ice water;
• maintain personal hygiene, prevent contact with sick people;
• eliminating contact with allergens.

Secondary

• Timely treatment of diseases, elimination of pathologies;
• periodically rinse the nose with a solution (saline, Aquamaris);
• regular visits to a therapist, otolaryngologist;
• refusal to drink alcohol, smoke.

Forecast

With uncomplicated acute rhinitis, the prognosis is favorable. The main thing is to prevent the infection from spreading to the lower respiratory tract, middle ear, and paranasal sinuses.

Acute runny nose can be treated simply and quickly. Treatment started earlier will avoid the disease becoming chronic and developing complications.

If necessary, immediately contact an otolaryngologist, especially in the case of chronic rhinitis.

Source: https://medaptekar.ru/vnutrennij-nasmork-osobennosti-techeniya.html

Runny nose: causes of the disease and its treatment

CONTENT:

→Runny nose: causes of nasal congestion and discharge
→How does a runny nose develop: 3 stages
→How to distinguish an acute runny nose from a chronic one?
→What complications occur with a runny nose?
→Treatment of a runny nose: the sooner you start, the better
→Treatment of a chronic runny nose: practical tips
→Video: Treatment of a runny nose

Without a runny nose, catching a cold would be much easier. Even at a high temperature, dealing with a headache is not as difficult as with a stuffy nose.

Rhinitis is not just an unpleasant symptom; it interferes with breathing, sleeping, talking and even eating. Swelling of the nose negatively affects performance, emotional and even mental state.

Therefore, everyone who suffers from a runny nose tries to cure it as quickly as possible.

Runny nose: causes of nasal congestion and discharge

There are 3 main reasons for a runny nose:

• ARVI;
• Hypothermia;
• Injuries to the nasal cavity.

Very often, an acute runny nose appears due to a respiratory viral infection of a person. Once in the nasal passages, viruses “populate” in cells on the surface of the mucous membrane and actively multiply for 1-3 days. Because of them, the cells of the nasal cavity lose their functionality and ability to remove bacteria that enter the nose with air.

If in a healthy body all harmful bacteria and foreign bodies are pushed out with the help of movements of the cilia of the nasal cavity, then when infected, their work is suspended. Thus, a bacterial infection begins to develop, which, in addition to a runny nose, can cause more serious complications.

Another cause of a runny nose is hypothermia. If a person drinks too much cold water, stands in a draft, or gets his feet wet on a rainy day, his body will become an easy target for the colonization of pathogens that can cause inflammation of the mucous membranes, cough, sore throat, etc.

The third cause of rhinitis is trauma to the nasal cavity, previous surgical interventions, allergies, foreign bodies, etc.

How does a runny nose develop: 3 stages

During rhinitis, the nasal mucosa goes through 3 stages of changes:

1. Reflex;
2. Catarrhal;
3. The final stage.

They usually go away in 7-10 days. But, if the patient has good immunity, his body can cope with the disease in 3 days. And with reduced immune system function, a runny nose can last up to 1 month.

The patient may not always feel all the stages of the development of a runny nose; sometimes some stages go unnoticed. And with quick treatment, they may be completely absent. Let's look at all the stages in more detail.

At the first stage of a runny nose, the mucous membrane undergoes acute changes: the patient may sneeze, the nasal cavity will burn, and severe dryness will be felt. The vessels of the nose first narrow, then widen. After this, swelling of the mucous membrane begins within several hours and breathing becomes difficult. When examined by a doctor, the mucous membrane will have a pale tint and a dry surface.

In the second stage , which occurs due to the activity of a viral infection, watery discharge begins. Within 2-3 days, the patient’s sense of smell decreases and his voice changes. This inflammatory process of the mucous membrane is characterized by a change in its color: now it is no longer pale, but bright red.

The catarrhal stage of a runny nose is always accompanied by a loss of smell, because due to swelling of the mucous membrane, access to the cells responsible for the sense of smell is blocked. In acute rhinitis, a decrease in the sense of smell is a consequence of the fact that molecules of various substances that irritate these cells simply cannot enter this area and send a nerve signal to recognize the smell.

And with a chronic runny nose, the olfactory cells can die, which will lead to a complete loss of smell.

At the third stage, bacterial inflammation of the mucous membrane begins. The patient already feels better, breathing is restored, the sense of smell returns, but the discharge becomes dense and yellowish-green in color. Upon examination, the mucous membrane acquires a normal color and moisture, and swelling of the nasal sinuses goes away.

How to distinguish acute runny nose from chronic?

Acute rhinitis begins very quickly and occurs with pronounced symptoms: dryness in the nasal cavity, burning, frequent sneezing. It is characterized by damage to two nasal passages at once.

The temperature rises to 37.5 0, the sense of smell is lost, and the sense of taste changes. Then the mucous membrane swells, making breathing difficult. After a few days, the abundant transparent discharge turns into a dense greenish-yellow secretion.

May be accompanied by lacrimation.

With a chronic runny nose, the pattern of the course depends on the cause of development.

Chronic rhinitis is of 4 types:

This is a permanent phenomenon caused by inflammation of the mucous membrane. A runny nose periodically complicates nasal breathing. Catarrhal rhinitis is characterized by alternating swelling of one nasal half with mucopurulent secretion.

With such a runny nose, on the contrary, the mucous membrane becomes thin, the nasal passages expand. Due to the fact that the mucous membrane is excessively dry, almost no mucus comes out, which leads to the formation of crusts that block the access of air to the nasal passages. The main problem with atrophic rhinitis is that it is very difficult to restore the normal state of the mucous membrane and return the patient’s sense of smell.

A runny nose caused by allergens is called allergic rhinitis. It can be seasonal or year-round. If the mucous membrane is affected due to exposure to pollen, it is hay fever, which is also accompanied by irritation of the mucous membranes of the eyes and mouth.

If the cause of allergic rhinitis is tobacco smoke, dust, wool and other allergens, it can occur all year round. This type of runny nose is characterized by attacks of sneezing, burning in the nose and irritation of the mucous membranes of the eyes.

Sometimes it is accompanied by allergic conjunctivitis.

Chronic rhinitis can develop for the following reasons:

• Untreated acute rhinitis or frequent runny nose;
• Constant irritation of the mucous membrane by foreign bodies;
• Diseases of the nasal sinuses, which contribute to the accumulation of purulent secretions that irritate the mucous membrane;
• Improper blood circulation in the nasal cavity, which may be impaired due to certain diseases of the kidneys, cardiovascular system, or surges in hormone production;
• Nose injuries.

What complications occur with a runny nose?

The main diseases caused by prolonged runny nose are:

Sinusitis affects the sinuses on one or both sides of the nose. The patient feels constant pressure in the affected sinus, sometimes the pain moves to the temples and forehead. Typically, such painful sensations appear at the same time, and the patient’s temperature may rise.

Sinusitis causes swelling of the mucous membrane, manifested by purulent discharge, fear of light and tearfulness. It can appear not only due to an acute runny nose, but also be a consequence of an infectious disease or diseases of the molars.

With otitis media, the patient feels severe pain in the ears, which is accompanied by a high temperature, stuffy ears, and decreased hearing. A complication of a runny nose causes severe discomfort.

Otitis media begins after the infection enters the tympanic cavity of the ear.

Microbes easily penetrate the auditory tube if a person suffers from acute rhinitis or infectious diseases localized in the sinuses and nasopharynx. Otitis media can sometimes be caused by bacteria that enter the middle ear through the bloodstream during an injury.

Treatment of a runny nose: the sooner you start, the better

In order to relieve the symptoms of rhinitis and prevent the occurrence of chronic runny nose or related complications, it is necessary to begin treatment as soon as possible. Don't wait for nasal discharge to appear. You need to take action at the very first stage of rhinitis, as soon as you feel a burning sensation in the nasal cavity, nasal congestion, and frequent sneezing.

The first rule for treating rhinitis is to warm up the body so that it can fight the infection. To do this, it is recommended to take hot baths with mustard. The water level should reach the knee, and the temperature should be at least 40 0C. You can keep your feet in the water for 10 minutes, and then drink hot tea with medicinal plants, for example, raspberries, linden, black currants or rose hips.

If you take a bath before bed, it is better not to heat the water too much. And after the procedure, wear socks made of natural wool with dry mustard, which will stimulate the reflexogenic points of the foot. It is important to take plenty of vitamin C, both from the pharmacy and in the form of lemon. It helps fight infections and boosts immunity.

Also, in the treatment of prolonged runny nose, entire groups of medications are used.

Medicines for constricting blood vessels and moistening the nasal cavity are not therapeutic methods. They are used as auxiliary drugs to facilitate nasal breathing and improve the natural secretion of mucus.

Vasoconstrictor drugs are suitable for complex treatment of the runny nose. They relieve swelling of the mucous membrane, expand the passages of the nose and make breathing easier. But such drops are strictly prohibited for atrophic rhinitis.

You can use vasoconstrictor drops for no more than a week, since after this the drugs have a negative effect on the sense of smell and can cause structural changes in the cells of the mucous membrane.

In addition, these drugs must be prescribed by a doctor and used strictly as prescribed. Some forms of medical drops that enter the nasopharynx can cause complications in the body, especially in case of overdose.

Therefore, it is best to use aerosols that do not penetrate the nasopharynx.

Moisturizing groups of drugs can be used for any type of rhinitis, and they are especially indicated for patients suffering from atrophic rhinitis.

They are produced on the basis of mineral water, so their composition helps restore the functioning of nasal cilia and make the glands of the mucous membrane act more actively.

1. Antiviral drugs

This group of medications is prescribed for patients with the initial stage of a runny nose. They are also used for the preventive treatment of infectious rhinitis. Antiviral drugs are created on the basis of blood leukocytes or produced using genetic engineering technologies. The main task of the funds is to suppress the reproduction of viruses and the further development of the infectious disease.

Antiviral drops, capsules or suppositories are taken for prevention if there is a risk of infection. Also prescribed at the first manifestation of symptoms of a runny nose: burning and itching in the nose, sneezing, etc.

1. Antibacterial drugs

When complications of a bacterial nature appear after a runny nose, then it is necessary to take a group of antibacterial agents. They are produced in the form of aerosols with a dispenser.

Fine particles of the drug pass deep to the nasal sinuses, have an anti-inflammatory effect and destroy bacteria.

Antibacterial drugs do not penetrate deep into the body, so they can be used even by pregnant women and breastfeeding mothers.

And the combined group is prescribed for the treatment of rhinitis not only of bacterial, but also of other origins. For example, the pharmaceutical composition of some medications contains antibacterial, vasoconstrictor, and/or antihistamine substances.

It is recommended to use bacterial vaccines if the patient often has a runny nose. These medications contain antigens of various infectious disease pathogens. Once in the human bloodstream, antigens promote the production of antibodies. In this way, the patient will be protected from future bacterial infection or at least be able to shorten the course of the disease.

Bacterial vaccines can be purchased in aerosols. But they can only be used as a preventive measure even before the onset of infection.

Homeopathic medicines have a complex effect on the body of a patient with rhinitis. They relieve swelling of the mucous membrane, protect the body from viral infection and increase immunity. Can be produced in the form of a spray, drops or tablets. It is best to take homeopathy at the initial stage of an acute runny nose.

Drops are recommended for long-term rhinitis or at the initial stage of hypertrophic rhinitis.

Preparations with peppermint esters help improve breathing. They do not relieve swelling and do not have a therapeutic effect, such as widening the nasal passages, but they have antiseptic properties and provide a refreshing effect.

Treatment of chronic runny nose: practical tips

There are many effective methods for eliminating acute and chronic forms of rhinitis. But this does not mean that every patient can independently prescribe a certain drug, hoping for successful treatment. Moreover, you can’t just try to take medications from different groups in order to get better faster. This course of action can cause serious complications.

When should you sound the alarm? If your runny nose lasts for more than 3 weeks, and there are no noticeable results from using drops or sprays, it’s time to see a doctor.

Also, if after the 2nd week of rhinitis the patient still has difficulty breathing and purulent discharge appears or the headache continues, tearing has begun - this may indicate the beginning of a complication.

Even if you have consulted a specialist and he has already prescribed treatment, in this case it is time to see an ENT specialist again.

If you have an allergic rhinitis, you need to consult an allergist who will help you find out the cause of the disease and select an effective treatment.

Doctors can prescribe not only medication, but also additional physical procedures and restoratives. Complex treatment allows you to quickly get rid of any type of runny nose.

But, if all procedures and medications do not produce results, then the doctor may refer the patient to a surgeon for surgery. It is very popular to use the laser method for treating rhinitis.

The main advice for those who suffer from a runny nose often or for a long time is to contact an ENT specialist. The specialist will first identify the cause of rhinitis, and only then will be able to prescribe a truly effective treatment method.

https://zalozhen-nos.ru/wp-content/themes/harmonux-core/videos/nasmork.mp4

Source: https://zalozhen-nos.ru/nasmork-prichiny-zabolevaniya-i-ego-lech/

What is rhinitis: stages of a runny nose and types of snot, stages of classification, symptoms and treatment in adults, signs of recovery by discharge

Rhinitis (runny nose) is by its nature an inflammatory process that appears and develops under the influence of negative factors - the influence of bacteria, viruses, allergens. Manifestations of changes are visible in the nasal mucosa.

A runny nose can be recognized by its characteristic symptoms - swelling, congestion, and the appearance of discharge (transparent, colored, watery or thick). The general well-being of a person during this period deteriorates significantly, the process of recognizing odors (smell) and taste is disrupted.

Among the main factors contributing to the appearance of rhinitis, experts highlight hypothermia and the effects of viruses and infections on the body.

It is important to consider that without timely treatment, a runny nose can go from acute to chronic - this will require serious and long-term therapy. The accompanying symptoms and features of the course of the disease will help determine the specific type of disease.

The peculiarity of the condition – rhinitis in any of its forms – is not an independent disease, but a symptomatic manifestation of a person’s pathology.

In order to avoid mistakes and choose the right recovery program, you need to consult a doctor for a diagnostic examination.

Classification of rhinitis

Experts classify the inflammatory condition on the nasal mucosa (rhinitis) according to several criteria: type, form of occurrence, type of main pathogen. Main types:

• spicy;
• vasomotor;
• chronic.

Each of them has its own characteristics of manifestation and treatment. That is why it is not recommended to start trying to get rid of the problem on your own; it is best to immediately consult a doctor.

Vasomotor runny nose

Refers to a chronic type of problem. Doctors divide this type of runny nose into:

• allergic - rhinitis, caused by an incorrect reaction of the vessels in the nasal cavity to incoming irritants. In turn, it is divided into seasonal, permanent and professional (differences in allergens);
• neurovegetative – runny nose that occurs against the background of pathological changes in the nervous system;
• hormonal - rhinitis resulting from disruptions in hormonal balance (can occur during pregnancy, complications after taking medications, during age-related changes);
• physiological - the problem is related to the anatomical features of the nasal cavity.

The physiological form of rhinitis manifests itself even in newborns and small children, since the structure of the nasal cavity during this period of development has not yet reached the required levels.

 Infectious rhinitis

Nasal discharge caused by various infections, viruses or bacteria (infectious rhinitis) is also divided into several subtypes:

• acute – characterized by the rapid onset of a painful condition, the inflammatory process begins suddenly. There are symptoms such as congestion, hyperthermia, copious nasal discharge (in most cases uncolored);
• viral - the process is the response of the immune system to the action of viruses that have entered the body. The main symptomatic manifestations are congestion, heavy discharge (without staining), increased body temperature;
• bacterial – is a complicated form of acute rhinitis. Occurs after bacterial microorganisms enter the body. The main symptoms are duration (nasal discharge lasts an average of 10 days), severe swelling of the mucous membrane is observed, the discharge is green or yellow in color, thick, there is congestion and pain in the head.

about catarrhal rhinitis here.

Choosing a recovery process is a responsible task, since each form requires special medications. Seeking a diagnostic examination if there is a suspicion of an infectious nature of rhinitis is a mandatory stage of recovery.

Chronic runny nose

This species has a protracted course. It is divided into:

• atrophic - this type of rhinitis appears against the background of atrophic processes on the mucous membrane in the nasal cavity. The main reason is existing vascular disorders that occurred after a prolonged runny nose. The negative influence of viruses and bacteria also leads to changes in the structure and condition of blood vessels. Symptoms: impaired air exchange, severe congestion, headaches;
• hypertrophic - this type of rhinitis develops after changes that have occurred to the soft tissues in the nasal cavity. There is a pronounced disturbance in breathing processes. The main reason is the presence of chemical components, dust or increased gas pollution in the air.

Read how to treat allergic rhinitis during pregnancy here.

Treatment of chronic runny nose is long-term. It includes exposure to conventional medications, traditional medicine and frequent wet cleaning of the premises.

Medication

Rhinitis caused by a negative reaction to drugs develops in people who use drugs with the effect of constricting blood vessels too often. The problem is also typical if you exceed the dosage prescribed by your doctor for a long period of time.

Read this material on how to treat vasomotor rhinitis.

During drug-induced rhinitis, swelling of the nasal mucosa is constantly observed. The supply of nutrients to it is disrupted, so tissue atrophy is recorded, which requires additional treatment.

Traumatic

The development of the problem is based on the injury received. It can be not only mechanical, but also thermal or chemical. As a result, the mucous membrane is damaged, blood vessels and tissues suffer. During a runny nose, an increased amount of mucus is produced. Feature - congestion is recorded only in one of the nostrils, the second remains dry, there is irritation in it.

During the treatment process, it is necessary not only to take medications prescribed by the doctor, but also to carry out wet cleaning in the house in order to reduce the concentration of irritants and reduce the likelihood of a secondary infection.

Stages of rhinitis

Rhinitis occurs in one or more stages. Each of them has its own symptomatic manifestations, which make it easy for doctors to determine the type of subsequent treatment. The following stages are distinguished:

Each stage requires a special approach to treatment. Traditional medicine can only be used with the permission of the attending physician.

Dry stage

At this stage, symptoms such as:

• irritation of the nasal mucosa;
• burning;
• severe itching;
• sneezing (in most cases it is frequent or prolonged);
• lacrimation (rare symptom).

The manifestations can be confused with an allergic reaction, so medical advice is necessary. The stage is initial, so a runny nose can be quickly cured

The stage may additionally manifest itself with symptoms of colds or viral diseases: a headache appears, body temperature rises, severe weakness is present, and a cough begins.

Wet stage

This stage appears next after dry. The time of its onset does not exceed 12-24 hours. The manifestation of symptoms depends on the individual characteristics of the body, as well as the speed with which infections spread. Symptoms characteristic of this stage:

• congestion;
• rhinorrhea;
• inflammatory process on the mucous membrane;
• swelling in the nasal cavity.

Watery discharge appears, transparent, abundant. Often, congestion and rhinorrhea lead to a person having a nasal voice and a decreased sense of smell.

Purulent stage

It occurs against the background of neglected treatment (started late or using the wrong method). Features and symptoms – strong, thick, yellow or green discharge from the nose (dark inclusions may be present). Gradually, the amount of mucus decreases, congestion recedes. If you carry out therapy in accordance with the doctor’s recommendations, then there will be 2-3 days left until complete recovery.

In rare cases, the purulent stage turns into a prolonged runny nose. Various complications are possible, for example, sinusitis or sinusitis.

Causes of rhinitis

The main cause of acute rhinitis is a viral or bacterial infection. The infectious nature of the disease is the presence in the anamnesis of such diseases as:

• ARVI;
• flu;
• measles;
• colds.

Non-infectious runny nose occurs when:

• contact with chemicals occurs;
• irritants affect the body;
• there is an unfavorable environmental situation;
• there was mechanical impact or burn;
• the person has cysts or polyps in the nasal cavity;
• the nasal septum is bent (naturally or due to injury).

It cannot be ruled out that rhinitis occurs due to diseases of the nasal cavity or becomes a symptom of an allergic reaction.

Nasal discharge is a symptom of individual intolerance or hypersensitivity to a component (medicine or food) that has entered the body.

Symptoms of rhinitis

Symptoms may vary slightly, as they are influenced by the types, forms and stages of rhinitis. This is why some people experience only a burning sensation and dryness, while others experience difficulty breathing and congestion. Sometimes the discharge contains particles of blood or pus.

If there is a chronic stage, then the following are added to the symptoms:

• weakness;
• fatigue;
• lethargy.

In the acute course of the disease, the symptoms will be as follows:

• breathing processes are disrupted;
• there is frequent sneezing;
• the sense of smell may disappear partially or completely;
• lacrimation is noted;
• There is dryness of the nasal mucosa.

A person also experiences severe or prolonged headaches (the result of lack of air), and small dry crusts form in the nose. Other manifestations such as mucus draining down the back of the throat or a color change from transparent to yellow or green are also observed.

The present symptoms cannot be ignored, since a slight runny nose if left untreated can cause the development of serious diseases - sinusitis, frontal sinusitis or sinusitis.

Diagnostics

Timely diagnosis allows us to identify the form, stage and type of rhinitis. In most cases, this is done by rhinoscopy - examination of the nasal cavity with a special instrument.

In the case where the underlying process is bacterial, a culture of a smear from the nasal cavity is prescribed.

After determining the type of pathogen, appropriate medications are prescribed (for bacteria and viruses - an antibiotic).

Diagnosis if an allergic nature is suspected consists of prescribing tests to determine the body's sensitivity to possible allergens (special test). Additionally, the doctor conducts an oral survey to identify the possible type of allergen with which the patient has had contact.

Treatment of rhinitis

To obtain a high-quality result, it is necessary to carry out complex therapy, which depends on the type of problem and the existing stage. Classification of therapeutic effects includes:

• drug treatment;
• surgical intervention;
• physiotherapy.

Additionally, knowledge from traditional medicine is used.

All recipes that are “folk” must be discussed with your doctor. Herbal treatment is auxiliary and can cause an allergic reaction.

Drug treatment

In most cases, drops (sprays) are prescribed, which are divided according to the main action and are:

• vasoconstrictors - swelling disappears, breathing is restored, congestion gradually decreases (Naphthyzin, Galazolin);
• moisturizing – eliminate itching and burning, soften the mucous membrane, can be used during the washing process (Aqualor);
• antihistamines - used when the allergic nature of the disease is revealed during the diagnostic process. The action of irritants is blocked, congestion, irritation on the mucous membrane, lacrimation disappear (Suprastin)

• antibacterial - the appointment occurs when it is discovered that the cause of rhinitis is bacteria. Their activity decreases and these microorganisms are destroyed (Bioparox).

Your doctor may prescribe drops that strengthen the immune system. Most often this occurs due to a viral effect on the body.

Surgical

In case of complications or severe rhinitis, surgical intervention may be prescribed:

• adenotomy;
• tonsillectomy;
• correction of the septum (deviation, consequence of injury);
• laser destruction;
• radio wave coagulation of blood vessels;
• vasotomy;
• laser vaporization.

The technique is selected based on the pathologies present. Before performing the main stage, the patient undergoes additional diagnostics and preparation for surgery. After this, it will take time to fully recover.

Physiotherapy

To eliminate some manifestations of rhinitis, alleviate the general condition and accelerate the recovery process, one of the following procedures is prescribed:

• inhalations - allow you to get rid of congestion, moisturize the mucous membrane, relieve inflammation and itching;
• mucus suction – carried out in case of severe congestion;
• cuckoo method (Proetsu Method) – effective for sinusitis or sinusitis;
• yamik-procedure;
• thermal physiotherapy - not prescribed if pus is present;
• quartz tube – prescribed to get rid of viruses and bacteria.

A course of electrophoresis may also be prescribed.

Physiotherapy is prescribed when complications are present or the runny nose has become chronic.

Traditional methods

Traditional recipes are used as an additional element of therapeutic effects. They can also be used in the prevention phase. The most effective ways:

• rinsing - saline solution is used. Allows you to remove excess mucus;
• warming up - compresses, rolling hot chicken eggs across the bridge of the nose. This method cannot be used if pus is present or the inflammatory process is too severe.

Any prescriptions that will be used for the first time should be discussed with your doctor.

Prevention

Prevention of a runny nose should be carried out frequently, since the body without special preparation will not be able to resist infections or allergens. In order to prevent the occurrence of rhinitis in any of its forms, it is necessary:

• regularly ventilate the room;
• carry out wet cleaning every day;
• exercise;
• to harden;
• move actively;
• walk;
• maintain an optimal temperature balance (so as not to overdry the mucous membrane).

It is necessary to avoid hypothermia and reduce contact with potential allergens to a minimum. Daily hygiene of the nasal cavity will eliminate the penetration of bacteria and infections into the mucous membranes.

Video

This video talks about what rhinitis is, what types there are and how they differ.

conclusions

1. Runny nose (rhinitis) comes in different types, forms and degrees of progression;
2. In order to prevent the transition of the acute form to the chronic form, you need to consult a doctor in a timely manner;
3. Treatment may be based on the use of medications and physiotherapy.
4. Surgery is performed to eliminate complications;
5. Folk remedies are an additional element of rehabilitation therapy, but not its basis;
6. Prevention must be constant, as it includes maintaining hygiene, cleaning and ventilation. Strengthening is carried out during periods of epidemics or when the activity of allergens increases.

Source: https://dokLOR.com/nos/nasmork/vidy