Papillomavirus in women: consequences of infection and methods of prevention

Once entering the human body, the papilloma virus is highly likely to remain there forever. Treatment of papillomas, condylomas and other formations caused by this pathogen is considered ineffective, because

does not get rid of the virus. The consequences of infection can be dangerous - even precancerous conditions and cancer.

Therefore, HPV prevention is a reasonable and necessary set of measures that will help avoid infection.

Primary prevention

Primary prevention of papillomavirus is to prevent possible infections. These include:

• preventing the risk of sexual transmission (and this is the most likely way in which HPV manifests itself as condylomas on and near the genitals);
• minimizing the likelihood of infection of the child from the mother during childbirth;
• measures to maintain normal general health and the body’s immune system, since strong immunity can save you from infection when in contact with the virus;
• vaccination against HPV.

General events

During sexual contact (including oral-genital and manogenital), the virus is easily transmitted and remains in the body of the infected person. The consequences of such infection are the most dangerous - the likelihood of developing cervical cancer in women and cancer of the penis or anogenital area in men.

As a preventive measure, it is recommended to always use barrier contraception (condoms) and have one permanent sexual partner, without agreeing to casual relationships.

Contact and household route of infection with human papillomavirus is the second most common. This method is used to transmit warts and papillomas on the face, hands and other exposed parts of the body.

To avoid infection, it is necessary to avoid contact with the patient’s personal belongings - do not use his linen, clothes, dishes, towels, etc.

Removing papilloma on the hands or face does not mean getting rid of the virus, so it is always better to prevent the initial infection than to treat its consequences later.

The same applies to cosmetic procedures, including manicure: if the integrity of the skin is damaged, the virus can enter the bloodstream if the instruments have not undergone the necessary treatment. It is recommended to choose salons where maximum attention is paid to disinfection.

When planning a pregnancy, women need to pay special attention to the likelihood of HPV infection in order to eliminate the risk of vertical transmission of infection. During the birth process, a child inevitably comes into contact with genital warts, and in newborns this is characterized by laryngeal papillomatosis and neoplasms in the genital area.

Primary preventive measures also include strengthening the defense system and general health, because if immunity falls, the likelihood of infection steadily increases. To maintain a healthy body, it is recommended:

• rational nutrition, providing the body with a complex of necessary substances;
• if necessary, vitamin support for the body, especially during the season of vitamin deficiencies (winter and early autumn);
• regular physical activity;
• timely and effective treatment of other diseases.

Vaccination of patients

An effective method of preventing HPV infection in men and women is vaccination. Its action is based on the delivery to the body of artificially created proteins similar to the proteins in the virus cell, in response to which the corresponding antibodies begin to be produced in the blood. When encountering a live virus, these antibodies destroy it, preventing it from developing.

Vaccinations are carried out in a course of 3 injections throughout the year, the “0-2-6” scheme: the second portion of the vaccine is administered 2 months after the first, and after another 4 months (i.e. 6 months from the start) the third is given.

An accelerated scheme is also possible - “0-1-3”. Even if the recommended timing is violated, vaccination is considered complete if all 3 injections have been completed within a year.

Currently, 2 types of vaccines are offered for vaccination:

• Cervarix (made in Belgium) is a bivalent vaccine, i.e. it protects against two types of virus - HPV-16 and HPV-18;
• Gardasil (American made) is a tetravalent drug that provides protection against virus types 6, 11, 16 and 18.

Immunization is not a cure, and if a person is already infected with one type of virus, it will not change the situation. But at the same time, it is still able to protect it from the other three types for which the quadrivalent vaccine is designed. Therefore, the HPV virus present in the body is not a contraindication to vaccination and does not require preliminary examinations.

Studies have shown the high effectiveness of HPV vaccination even several years after the course of vaccinations.

This is an effective prevention of the development of malignant neoplasms of the cervix, vagina and external genitalia in women, cancer of the anus and genitals in men, as well as genital warts, laryngeal papillomatosis and other dangerous (including precancerous) conditions provoked by HPV. In some countries, these vaccinations are carried out as mandatory measures.

In most cases, the vaccine is well tolerated without any dangerous reactions. Approximately 3.5% of vaccinated people may notice hyperemia and slight swelling of the injection site. In 0.1%, slight malaise and an increase in temperature to subfebrile values ​​are possible. No more severe complications of HPV vaccination have been identified.

Among the contraindications to immunization:

• pregnancy;
• an acute form of any disease or exacerbation of a chronic pathology;
• allergic reactions to the drug or substances included in its composition.

Secondary preventive measures

Secondary prevention measures include screening for the presence of the virus and its activity. Most often this is a cytological analysis and visual examination.

Cytological screening

An analysis that involves taking a smear from the mucous membrane of the cervix for further examination is called cytological screening. The study is carried out using the Papanicolaou method: the smear is stained, then the epithelial cells are examined under a microscope. Health care workers with sufficient qualifications for such analysis can with a high probability identify neoplastic changes and the initial stages of cancer, i.e. this is a fairly effective way to prevent HPV in women.

Visual screening

Changes in the epithelium of the cervix can also be detected by visual examination. To do this, a solution of acetic acid is applied to the areas under study, upon contact with which the areas with incipient epithelial dysplasia acquire a pronounced white color. This is another way to protect yourself from possible complications of the papillomavirus entering the body.

Tertiary activities

Tertiary measures include measures to prevent relapses and subsequent infections in patients who have already been diagnosed with HPV. These are regular diagnostic tests necessary for people infected with a virus at high risk of oncogenic degeneration.

For example, with confirmed neoplastic changes in the epithelium of the cervix, a woman must undergo a cytological analysis every six months for three years from the date of diagnosis. Then, provided there is no dynamics in the development of the disease and the appearance of atypical cells, the frequency of smears can be reduced to once a year.

If a woman has been diagnosed with cervical cancer and undergone surgical treatment, she should be constantly monitored by an oncologist. If any new growths appear on the skin, you should consult a dermatologist as soon as possible.

Conclusion

Despite the fact that vaccination against HPV has proven effectiveness, protecting almost 90% from dangerous types of pathogen, it is not able to protect against other viruses that can cause the appearance of warts and other unpleasant cosmetic defects.

Treatment methods for papillomas and other types of warts are aimed only at their physical removal, without eliminating the virus in the blood. Therefore, we must not forget about other measures to prevent infections: protect yourself from promiscuity, be careful when in contact with sick people and adhere to a healthy lifestyle.

Source: https://wikiderm.ru/virusnye/papillomy/profilaktika-vpch.html

How is human papillomavirus treated in women?

The human papillomavirus (HPV) is considered a dangerous infection in the modern world. A harmful microorganism can remain silent for a long time, that is, the incubation period can be long.

The infection, entering the body in various ways, with strong natural protection, does not manifest itself with pronounced clinical symptoms, which makes timely treatment difficult.

When immunity decreases, the virus begins to quickly spread throughout the body, which is expressed by the appearance of skin growths. They can be localized in different places.

This will reduce the risk of infection using preventive measures. In a healthy, strong body, natural immunity is able to suppress HPV. When protective reactions are disrupted, the virus begins to multiply and manifests itself with obvious symptoms: papillomas or condylomas. In this case, complex treatment of HPV is carried out.

Types of viruses and methods of infection

Varieties of harmful microorganisms are represented by more than 100 strains of HPV. They vary in their degree of danger. Oncogenic strains can most often be contracted through sexual contact. When immunity decreases for any reason, these types of HPV become the cause of the development of serious oncological pathologies.

Non-oncogenic types of HPV are mainly transmitted through household contact. That is, the likelihood of serious illnesses is reduced. The virus often enters the body when people:

• They do not follow basic hygiene rules, for example, they use other people’s towels or hygiene products.
• Visit public saunas, baths or swimming pools where due attention is not paid to sanitization.

There are a number of factors that can contribute to the penetration of infection into a woman’s body:

• Frequent change of partners.
• Uncontrolled use of hormonal contraceptives.
• Venereal diseases.
• Abortion.

• Exacerbation of chronic pathologies.
• Harmful addictions.

Attention! In girls, the likelihood of becoming infected with HPV increases with early sexual activity.

HPV is a widespread infection. Infection occurs in different ways, so the causes of the disease are very diverse. Therefore, it is incorrect to ask where the human papillomavirus comes from in women. A strong immune system always copes with infection, and the disease can manifest itself as obvious symptoms only against the background of a decrease in natural immunity.

Dangers

A very common question is why the human papillomavirus is dangerous in women. When immunity is weakened, a viral infection can quickly spread throughout the body. This process is accompanied by the appearance of multiple growths in any part of the body.

Manifestations of the human papillomavirus in women bring a lot of inconvenience, from an aesthetic point of view. The skin, in the presence of multiple growths, looks unsightly, so it is necessary to take measures to eliminate them.

Although, as a rule, such benign formations are caused by non-oncogenic and low-oncogenic strains of microorganisms. This means that there is a small chance that they may degenerate into malignant tumors.

It has been proven that cervical cancer develops if the female body is infected with strains of HPV 16 and 18. In addition, these types of viruses can cause the development of malignant tumors on the genitals. When infected, they can also develop colorectal cancer.

Human papillomavirus infection in women, the causes of which may be associated with various factors, poses a threat to the fetus during pregnancy. There are risks of intrauterine infection of the baby in case of violation of placental protection for any reason.

But this doesn't happen often. The likelihood of a child becoming infected during the birth process is much higher. Moreover, due to the baby’s weak immunity, the infection immediately manifests itself with dangerous symptoms, which poses a threat to the life of the newborn.

Manifestations

It is necessary to understand how HPV manifests itself in order to urgently consult a doctor at the first dangerous clinical manifestations of the disease.

Symptoms of HPV are growths of a certain shape and structure that form on the skin and mucous membranes.

HPV manifests itself with such signs in different places and based on the location of the formations, an experienced doctor can already judge the danger of infection.

The following signs of HPV are distinguished:

• Warts and papillomas, which can appear in different places: on the face, eyelids, neck, back, in the area under the mammary glands. The growths have a thread-like or knob-like shape and a brownish tint. Their formation is provoked by non-oncogenic and low-oncogenic types of HPV.
• Genital warts, which form on the genitals, in areas of the mucous membrane injured during sex. Single condylomas are rare. Such formations often appear in groups at the sites of virus penetration. They quickly merge, as a result of which the growth resembles cauliflower in appearance.
• Flat condylomas developing directly on the cervix. Often, such symptoms of the human papillomavirus occur simultaneously with genital warts on the external genitalia.

Symptoms of the disease

When women are infected sexually with oncogenic HPV, symptoms of infection do not appear immediately. Microorganisms begin to multiply only against the background of weakened immunity for some reason.

On average, the incubation period for papillomavirus lasts about six months. As the disease progresses, women with HPV may already experience obvious symptoms, such as:

• The appearance of nagging pain in the lower abdomen.
• The occurrence of minor pain when urinating.
• Feeling of itching in the genital area.
• Formation of genital warts on the mucous membrane.

In addition, in the advanced stage of the disease, spotting due to HPV may appear that is not associated with the menstrual cycle. All of these signs lead to the fact that a woman may completely lose sexual desire for her partner.

Diagnostics

Since HPV does not detect itself in the early stages, timely treatment of the papilloma virus is often difficult due to objective reasons. Very often, a papilloma on the cervix is ​​discovered by a gynecologist during a routine examination.

But if, due to some circumstances, there is a suspicion that an HPV infection has occurred, then you should independently take a test to detect the infection. After 30 years, every woman is recommended to undergo a special test for HPV once every five years.

The most sensitive is the Digene test. With its help, the presence of harmful microorganisms in the human body is determined with high accuracy and, what is very important, the degree of oncogenic effect of a particular type of virus is established.

The technique involves examining a smear taken from the cervical canal. Sometimes a biopsy is done. With its help, a piece of virus-infected tissue is pinched off for examination.

To understand why the HPV virus is dangerous for women, additional research is being conducted. The following methods allow the doctor to understand how to treat HPV in women:

• Colposcopy. Using the method, the condition of the cervix is ​​assessed. A special device allows you to examine even the smallest lesions.
• Cytology. For this laboratory test, smears are taken from the surface of the cervix. This procedure excludes or confirms the presence of cancer in the early stages.
• Histology. Tissue taken from the surface of the cervix is ​​studied. The analysis determines the type of virus and gives an answer whether there is a malignant modification of the epithelium.

Treatment

Every woman, understanding what HPV is and what the danger of infection is, after confirming the diagnosis, must undergo a special course of treatment. It is important to understand how to cure this disease.

Although the answer to the question of whether the infection can be treated is ambiguous. Once the virus enters a woman’s body, it remains there forever. But on the other hand, if HPV with obvious symptoms in women is not treated, the consequences can be severe and life-threatening.

When interested in how to treat human papillomavirus in women, you need to understand that an individual approach is always practiced. This takes into account the type of infection and the severity of the disease.

Human papillomavirus is always treated comprehensively, including:

• To prevent the spread of viruses throughout the body, growths are removed.
• To reduce the activity of harmful microorganisms and prevent relapses, viral therapy is prescribed.
• To restore natural protective reactions that guarantee the body’s successful fight against viruses, immunomodulatory agents are indicated.
• Vitamin therapy is used for general health.

Surgery

The HPV treatment regimen necessarily involves the removal of growths that are localized in different places in women. The following modern methods are used for this:

• Cryodestruction, which involves freezing virus-affected tissues with liquid nitrogen.
• Diathermocoagulation, which involves excision of growths using special high-frequency radiation or an electric knife.
• Chemical impact on formations with acid-containing preparations.
• Laser removal, which is the most effective way, without any negative consequences.
• Radio wave coagulation, which destroys affected tissues with radio waves of a certain frequency.

At an advanced stage of human papillomavirus in women, its treatment may involve surgery.

Treatment of pregnant women

Human papillomavirus infection during pregnancy can lead to involuntary miscarriage. But besides this, a child can be infected with a dangerous virus. Therefore, it is best to undergo a special test before planning a pregnancy.

If HPV has been detected, it is recommended to undergo a course of treatment before conceiving a child. According to statistics, if a woman was treated before conceiving a baby, then the risks of complications during pregnancy and the threat of infection of the child during labor are minimal.

The appearance of growths caused by HPV indicates that after 28 weeks a gentle course of treatment is necessary. This is a relatively safe period, since all the organs of the unborn child have already formed. Very often, if dangerous growths remain in the vagina, a cesarean section is recommended to prevent infection of the baby as it passes through the birth canal.

Realizing the danger of HPV for the female body, every woman should take preventive measures, taking care of her health. It is imperative to observe basic hygiene rules and strive to maintain immunity in good condition.

You should have one sexual partner whom you completely trust, and during casual sex you should use a condom, which minimizes the risk of infection.

But if it so happens that the infection has entered the body and this has been confirmed by tests, then you must undergo a course of treatment, following all the doctor’s recommendations, and subsequently visit a gynecologist at least once every six months.

Source: https://moidermatolog.ru/virus-papillomy/vpch-u-zhenshhin.html

Everything about HPV prevention: how to avoid infection and manifestations of the virus

The human papillomavirus causes the appearance of warts, papillomas, and genital warts. Some of its types contribute to the development of background precancerous conditions and malignant neoplasms of the genital organs.

According to statistics, cervical cancer is in third place among all cancers in women. Prevention of papillomavirus leads to a reduction in morbidity and mortality from cervical cancer.

What is included in prevention and what are its basics? The following groups of preventive measures are distinguished:

1. Primary - measures aimed at preventing infection, taking into account transmission routes.
2. Secondary - activities aimed at early detection of HPV and diseases associated with it.
3. Tertiary - active surveillance of patients who were treated for papillomavirus.

Primary preventive measures

The infection has three routes of transmission: sexual, household contact and vertical.

Reducing the risk of sexually transmitted infections

The sexual tract is recognized as leading in the spread of the human papillomavirus, which causes various types of anogenital warts.

Most types of papillomavirus transmitted through sexual contact can lead to the development of background precancerous conditions and genital cancer in women and men.

Ideally, there should be one permanent sexual partner. Promiscuous relationships are the main risk factor for infection. A person can become infected not only through sexual intercourse, but also through all forms of sexual contact. Using a condom will reduce the risk of HPV infection by 70%, protect against other sexually transmitted diseases and accidental pregnancy.

Hormonal imbalance is one of the most important factors that increases susceptibility to HPV. Therefore, the choice of oral contraceptive should be entrusted to a qualified specialist. The doctor will recommend a suitable drug to the woman and inform her about the duration of treatment.

Reducing the risk of infection through contact and household contact

In this way, viruses are transmitted that cause papillomas on the face and body, on the arms and legs. To avoid infection, you should not use a shared towel or wear someone else’s clothes or shoes.

Often, after visiting a manicure salon, very painful periungual warts appear. Therefore, the nail care procedure should be carried out by a trusted nail technician in a salon where tools can be disinfected.

The pathogen enters the body through small defects in the skin. Therefore, when working with aggressive cleaning agents and when doing work in the garden, you should wear rubber gloves.

Viruses remain active on wet surfaces for a long time, so when visiting a swimming pool, water park or sauna, you should not go without rubber slippers.

To prevent dry and cracked skin on your hands and feet, it is recommended to regularly use moisturizing creams. Scratches and cuts are treated with an antiseptic and lubricated with BF 6 medical glue or sealed with a bactericidal plaster.

General events

HPV causes disease only in people with weakened immune systems, so strengthening the body's defenses is an important component of the primary prevention of papillomas.

• rational work and rest regime;
• adequate physical activity;
• timely treatment of concomitant diseases;
• quitting smoking and alcohol;
• complete balanced nutrition;
• complex of multivitamins in winter and spring;
• in immunodeficiency conditions - observation by an immunologist.

Reducing the risk of vertical transmission of infection

Infants who received the human papillomavirus from their mother during childbirth develop a severe pathology - laryngeal papillomatosis. To prevent this disease, before planning a pregnancy, a woman is recommended to undergo an HPV test and, if necessary, treat the infection in advance. If the test result is positive, the pregnant woman is given local treatment.

Vaccination

In our country, since 2006, vaccines have been sold to prevent infection with HPV of high carcinogenic risk. They contain viral antigen proteins obtained by genetic engineering.

In response to the introduction of the vaccine, the body produces specific antibodies, which subsequently, when encountering the virus, cause its death.

The drugs are safe from an epidemiological point of view, as they do not contain live pathogens.

Cervarix (Belgium) is a bivalent vaccine that protects against HPV types 16 and 18. Gardasil (USA) is a quadrivalent vaccine containing components of HPV types 6, 11, 16 and 18.

Vaccinations are allowed from 10 years of age. Vaccination should begin before the age of sexual activity. The administration regimen includes 3 injections according to schedule 0 (beginning of vaccination) - 2 months. — 6 months (from the first vaccination). If the recommended timing is violated, vaccination is considered completed if 3 vaccinations are given within a year.

The drug is injected intramuscularly into the shoulder. Generally, the vaccine is well tolerated. There may be short-term redness and soreness at the injection site. In 0.1% of those vaccinated, on the first day there was an increase in temperature to 37.5 C and general malaise.

Observation of vaccinated women showed a high level of immunity to the human papillomavirus 5 years after vaccination, therefore specific prevention of HPV is quite effective. In a number of countries (USA, UK, France), vaccination against papillomavirus is included in the national vaccination schedule. Russia, unfortunately, is not yet one of them.

Secondary preventive measures

These measures include cytological and visual screening - these are tests that reveal the presence of the virus and the dynamics of its development.

Cytological screening

All women over 21 years of age are required to have a cytology smear taken annually from the surface of the cervix. In the laboratory, it is stained using the Papanicolaou technique, then the structure of epithelial cells is assessed using a microscope.

Such an examination in 60% of cases allows us to detect the early stages of neoplasia and cervical cancer. The number of false positive conclusions does not exceed 15%. Carrying out cytological screening requires highly qualified medical personnel.

Visual screening

Recommended as an alternative to Pap testing in remote areas. The method is simple to perform and can be carried out by a nursing professional. When the cervix is ​​treated with a solution of acetic acid, areas of dysplasia acquire a persistent white color - the “acetowhite phenomenon”.

If signs of dysplasia are detected, the woman is sent for an in-depth examination: colposcopy (examination of the cervix under a microscope) with a biopsy, HPV analysis using the PCR method.

Tertiary preventive measures

Women infected with high-risk HPV after treatment should have a smear for cytology every 6 months. Women with cervical neoplasia should have a cytology smear every 6 months for the first three years, and then annually, if there are no atypical cells and a negative HPV test.

Women diagnosed with cervical cancer after surgical treatment should be observed at an oncology clinic.

The role of health education work

Information work with the population is of great importance in the prevention of HPV at all levels. Information about papillomavirus, its health hazards, and methods of transmission should be covered in newspapers and television programs.

Schools should talk to teenagers about the dangers of early sexual relations, promiscuity, ways to protect themselves from sexually transmitted diseases and pregnancy.

In clinics, information can be communicated to patients in the form of newsletters.

Please leave a comment:

Source: https://papillomy.com/lechenie/profilaktika-vpch.html

Consequences of HPV in humans - HPV Treatment

The human papillomavirus in women has its own characteristics, since it affects the female reproductive system, affecting the most important organs. It is very dangerous due to its high oncological activity.

Many people know what viral infections and diseases are. But few people know about such an insidious virus as the human papillomavirus, which can trigger the development of cancer.

Methods of prevention and treatment for HPV are quite simple, and therefore it is better to arm yourself with knowledge and avoid infection with the human papillomavirus than to then undergo long and tedious, physically and mentally treatment for cancer.

Every day, on average, 6 women die from cervical cancer. 90% of them have HPV. HPV has over 60 subtypes. The incubation period ranges from 1-3 months to a year. The risk group includes people who began sexual activity early and have promiscuous sex.

HPV can cause cancer of the cervix, vulva, or vagina . It is dangerous not only for the woman directly suffering from this disease, but also for medical personnel (the attending physician should pay attention to protecting his hands and face to prevent infection).

If a woman is pregnant, there is also a danger for the child, since during childbirth, having passed through an infected birth canal, the baby may subsequently develop cancer of the trachea or larynx.

Factors contributing to the development of the disease are hypothermia, colds, sexually transmitted diseases, any surgical interventions in the organs of the reproductive system, for example, abortion, removal of the intrauterine device.

HPV of various types and subtypes enters a woman’s body mainly through sexual contact . Therefore, this should be taken into account when diagnosing, as well as when choosing treatment tactics.

Men are latent carriers of this virus and rarely become ill with it, and therefore, if infection occurs during sexual contact, both men and women should be treated.

One of the most dangerous is the ascending type of infection - from the mother in labor to the baby. If a pregnant woman has condylomas, then the likelihood of infecting her newborn baby is very high. The child may subsequently develop laryngeal cancer, which will be difficult to treat due to the age and tolerance of therapy in children.

The contact-household type of infection exists, but the percentage of infection is not so high.

Symptoms of papilloma in women may be almost completely absent. Already directly at an appointment with a doctor, you can determine the presence of the virus in the body.

Since the virus is localized deep in the tissues, blood tests will not show anything. They are taken to determine the level of immunity, since it is immunity that determines how successfully a woman will recover from the disease without surgical intervention.

Depending on the subtype of the virus, certain external symptoms may be present. These include:

HPV in women primarily affects the posterior commissure, clitoris, vulva, and cervix. And therefore, during a gynecological examination, the doctor is obliged to check the condition of these organs.

There are currently no medications that directly treat HPV. But this does not mean that there are no medicines that could be used to defeat the disease.

Doctors often prescribe various types of immunosuppressants that increase immunity so that the body itself defeats the virus. The human body is able to successfully fight HPV in a short time.

If the virus remains, it is necessary to monitor the condition of the cervix. If there is dysplasia that does not go away after anti-inflammatory treatment, surgical intervention is performed. If dysplasia is not cured, a malignant tumor may soon form in its place.

Treatment with liquid nitrogen can only be used in certain cases. For example, it cannot effectively help with dysplasia because the depth of treatment cannot be controlled, which may result in infected tissue remaining in the body. It has proven itself well in the treatment of erosion.

Electric shock treatment. This is one of the oldest and inexpensive methods. With this procedure, a high temperature current enters the deep layers of the skin, and a scar appears at the treatment site as the cervical tissue does not heal well.

This is where the myth originated that nulliparous women should not use this method. However, this type of treatment does not affect the possibility of conception in any way. Electrical shock treatment may cause severe bleeding. During the week after the procedure, heavy bleeding is possible.

All these methods have their contraindications, and therefore the possibility of using any of them should be under the supervision of the attending physician at all stages.

HPV consequences for the fair half of humanity

The human papillomavirus in women has its own characteristics, since it affects the female reproductive system , affecting the most important organs. It is very dangerous due to its high oncological activity. Cervical cancer is quite difficult to cure, and in case of complete remission, the woman becomes infertile.

Tips for preventing and reducing the risk of HPV infection

• Use a condom, even if other means of protection are used in addition to it (tablets, ointment, paste, coil)
• Have a permanent sexual partner. Women who have many sexual partners are more likely to develop HPV, along with chlamydia, gonorrhea and other STIs.
• Periodically undergo examination by a gynecologist and do the necessary tests.
• No smoking. Women who smoke have reduced immunity, suffer from hypoxia and are at risk of developing lung cancer. Smoking also negatively affects their future offspring.
• Use hormonal drugs only in accordance with the advice of a doctor, since many of them negatively affect the immune system.
• Begin sexual activity when the girl’s body is already fully formed. Since at an early age the girl has not yet formed a microflora that will protect against bacteria and viruses.

Read also:  Black dots on a wart: causes of the phenomenon and methods of treatment

Sources used: quclub.ru

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Consequences of HPV and health hazards

Once in the human body, the papilloma virus is securely fixed in it for many years. Signs of the disease may not appear immediately. The virus will simply “sleep” and wait for the right moment. Usually this moment is a period of weakening of the immune system.

Damage to the body occurs not only inside, but also outside. Unpleasant growths appear on the skin and mucous membranes - papillomas, warts and condylomas. If HPV treatment is not started in time, the consequences of the disease can cause many problems.

The sooner the necessary measures are taken, the less risk of complications will appear later.

Consequences of HPV disease

People rarely think about the consequences of infection with the papilloma virus. Patients are often worried about the external manifestations of the disease. Sometimes the consequences of illness are only wasted time. In cases where formations appear, after some treatment methods, scars may remain on the skin or a red blister may appear.

However, unsightly papillomas are just the tip of the iceberg. And by getting rid of them with celandine picked from the garden, a person cannot protect himself from the development of dangerous complications.

The most famous and common consequences of papillomavirus are:

1. Formation of papillomas, condylomas and warts.
2. Papillomatosis. Extensive growth of growths, which brings discomfort and affects the overall picture of the disease.
3. The presence of scars as a consequence of the removal of papillomas.
4. Bleeding. After removal of papillomas (especially if this happens at home), a similar phenomenon often occurs.
5. Infection. When the growth is injured (which happens in half of the cases), the risk that any infection can get into the open wound increases.
6. Purulent discharge from formations.
7. Ulcers. They can appear as a result of prolonged friction of the papilloma on clothing.
8. Precancerous condition of the female genital organs.
9. Cancerous formations in internal organs.
10. Skin oncologists.

Source: http://infodirect.ru/virus-papillomy-cheloveka/posledstviya-vpch-u-cheloveka

Consequences of HPV in women

• Home → Articles → Diseases → Sexual infections → Consequences of HPV in women
• Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a dangerous virus that is transmitted from person to person and causes changes in tissue growth.
• The causative agent of the disease is a DNA virus that enters the body through the mucous membranes of the mouth, genitals, and intestines and causes cells to multiply uncontrollably, which causes the formation of papillomas and genital warts.
• The main route of infection is close physical contact with a carrier of the pathogen, including unprotected sexual intercourse.

Why is HPV dangerous?

To date, more than a hundred varieties of the virus have been studied, and approximately forty of all species cause the development of genital warts on the genitals and in the anus in men and women.

Condyloma acuminata is a soft pink neoplasm on the mucous membrane. Moreover, the virus in representatives of both sexes is very often combined with the influence of other pathogens that provoke the development of sexually transmitted infections.

According to some estimates, up to 60% or more of people are carriers, often without even knowing it and constantly infecting their sexual partners. The disease is transmitted to the child transplacentally, as well as during the passage of the newborn through the birth canal. Sometimes children become infected through domestic means after birth.

The main risk groups for infection are:

• persons who have many sexual partners and practice sex without a condom;
• people with other STDs - trichomoniasis, gonorrhea and chlamydia;
• persons with weakened immune systems.

Unfortunately, quite often women find out about infection only when cervical diseases appear and the gynecologist reports that oncogenic types can lead to cancer. It is for this reason that every woman needs a preventive examination by a gynecologist at least twice a year.

The following viruses of high oncogenic risk are known: 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 45, 68, 56, 58, 39, 70. Currently, there is strong evidence that they can provoke malignant cell mutations.

Most often, cancer is caused by types 16 and 18; two thirds of cancer patients have one of them. Research conducted by scientists over the years has demonstrated the fact that in women, the human papillomavirus often becomes one of the causes of serious illnesses - cancer of the vagina, vulva and squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix.

From the point of view of cancer development, only cancer that remains in the body for more than a year becomes dangerous.

Doctors at MMC ON CLINIC have extensive experience in accurately diagnosing the type and quantity of the HPV virus and its effective treatment.

The choice of certain therapeutic measures is carried out only on the basis of a detailed examination of the patient and when the stage of the disease and type have been established.

Standard therapy most often includes surgical removal of condylomas and regular use of antiviral drugs.

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Source: https://www.OnClinic.ru/articles/zabolevaniya/polovye_infektsii/posledstviya_vpch_u_zhenshchin/

Consequences of HPV in women

Papilloma viruses are the only group of viruses today for which scientists have proven the induction of cancer tumors. Moreover, HPV is the most common sexually transmitted infection; more than half of adults are infected with it. Find out how the papilloma virus manifests itself and how to treat it.

What is papillomavirus, papillomas, condylomas

Human papillomavirus infection (HPV) belongs to the genus A of the Papovaviridae family and is transmitted primarily through sexual contact, infecting epithelial (cover) cells - the skin, mucous membrane and urogenital area.

Infection of the skin and genital organs occurs through microtraumas. The papilloma virus is contained in the urethra, Bartholin's glands and seminal fluid.

The development of malignant tumors of the penis, vagina, and cervix is ​​associated with human papillomavirus.

HPV strains, of which science knows more than 100, behave differently in the cell. Some exist separately from chromosomes, others are able to integrate into the cell genome (they most often cause complications).

When the viral DNA is inserted into the nucleus of the host cell, it controls the cell's genetic material, leading the cell to malignant transformation. During the replication cycle, the human papillomavirus genome expresses 8–10 protein products. Oncogenicity is determined by proteins E6 and E7.

It is difficult to kill the infection - the virus remains viable at a temperature of 50 degrees. From 30 minutes.

The virus infects stem cells located in the basal layer, and they transmit the infection to the surface epithelial cells. Superficial dividing immature cells are especially susceptible to HPV, which explains the high risk of oncogenes affecting the vulva, lower part of the vagina and cervix.

The most common visual manifestation of papillomavirus is papillomas. The formation got its name from the Latin papilla - nipple + Greek oma - tumor. Papillomas can develop into cancer. The development of oncology can be prevented by monitoring the development of papillomas and removing them in a timely manner.

A type of papillomavirus in women and men is genital and flat condylomas developing on the genitals. They must also be removed.

A complication of the virus is a precancerous condition - cervical dysplasia and its logical conclusion - cervical cancer. You can avoid cancer by treating dysplasia. Treatment also involves removing the affected layer of cells.

How papillomavirus is transmitted, risks

Papillomavirus enters the human body in different ways, the probability of infection is 60%. You can get an infection in the following ways:

• Sexually, regardless of the type of sexual relations - oral, genital and anal. The presence of genital warts in a partner guarantees infection by 98-100%.
• Contact household - in the case of using a shared towel, washcloths, etc. The virus can also be transmitted through saliva during a kiss.
• Through wounds - a violation of the integrity of the skin and mucous membranes - an open gateway to the body.
• Infection of a child during the passage of the birth canal - children suffer from rare forms, papillomas grow in the nasopharynx and sinuses. Recent studies have shown that children born by cesarean section also become infected - this may indicate that the virus is able to penetrate the placenta.

Infection does not always guarantee the development of the disease. HPV causes disease in the body in 50% of cases, the rest are limited to carriage of the infection: a strong immune system can keep the virus in numbers that are not dangerous to the body. The incubation period ranges from a year to 20 years, with an average of 3-5 years.

The development of the disease is provoked by hormonal imbalances, immunodeficiency states, and sexually transmitted infections (STDs, STIs). Any condition that reduces immunity increases the risk - pregnancy, bad habits, chronic diseases, stress, etc.

It should be understood that infection of epithelial cells is a necessary but not sufficient factor for the development of oncology. According to Professor V.A. Molochkov, a well-known and respected scientist in the world of medicine, a number of other factors are necessary for the development of irreversible neoplasia:

• active expression of genes E6, E7 of highly oncogenic types hpv16 and hpv18;
• induction of estradiol metabolism to 16-OH;
• multiple damage to chromosomal DNA in an infected cell.

The first stage of CIN I neoplasia is expressed by active copying of the virus and its asymptomatic course. Tumor development is stimulated by the interaction of papillomavirus with cytomegaloviruses, trachomatis, mycoplasmas, ureaplasmas, and herpes simplex virus type 2.

Important numbers: the statistics are scary

• In the last 10 years, the number of people infected with hpv has increased 12-fold.
• HPV ranks second after genital herpes among all female infections and is found in 70% of adult women.
• Papillomavirus is the cause of all cases of cervical cancer.
• HPV is associated with 50% of anogenital cancers.
• The greatest risk of infection is between the ages of 18 and 25. The peak age for development of cervical dysplasia is 30 years, and cervical cancer is 45 years.

Types of HPV

Scientists know more than 100 types of papillomaviruses. A third of them infect the human urogenital tract, affecting the skin and mucous membranes of the genital organs. A fifth of the viruses in this group have not yet been studied and may well present new unpleasant surprises.

The papilloma virus is classified according to its oncogenicity and area of ​​damage:

Source: http://www.PrishLek.ru/posledstvija-vpch-u-zhenshhin/