Incubation period of HPV and methods of its transmission with complications

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common viruses on the planet. According to the World Health Organization, 70% of the world's population is infected with one type or another. Currently, about 600 types (strains) of HPV are known. Some are not dangerous to humans, others can lead to cancer.

What is papilloma, locations of localization in men and women

Papilloma is a growth on the skin or mucous membrane. The only cause of its occurrence is the human papillomavirus (HPV). It penetrates the DNA of a healthy cell and causes it to rapidly divide, forming characteristic growths. The virus is able to penetrate deep layers of tissue, but it multiplies on the surface.

Each age is characterized by certain types of papillomas. The pathogen is also characterized by tissue specificity, when each strain of the virus infects certain tissues in certain areas of the body.

Papillomas are found in all sorts of places on the body; below we will look at the most common of them.

On the face

On fingers and toes, palms, soles

They occur mainly in children and are called common (simple or vulgar) warts. They reach a height of 2–3 mm and have a dome-shaped shape and a rough surface. They like to be located near the nail plates, between the fingers.

Unlike simple warts, prickles occur primarily on the feet and palms. They are denser and larger in size. The pain when pressed resembles the prick of a sharp thorn and interferes with walking. The spines are also removed by a dermatologist.

On the neck, eyelids, armpits, in the fold under the breasts in women

This type is typical for middle-aged and elderly people, 35 years and older. They are distinguished by their small size and thread-like shape on a thin stalk. Formed in areas with thin skin. With age, the number of such warts may increase, they form clusters and darken in color. Such growths can be easily and quickly removed by a dermatologist.

On the genitals of women and men

These growths resemble cauliflower or cockscomb in appearance. They are called genital warts. They are located in the vagina in women, on the penis in men, in the urethra, in the anus, in the mouth.

This virus is transmitted sexually. The likelihood of infection is highest at the age of 18–35 years; the percentage of infected people during this period can reach 50%. Moreover, men are more likely to suffer from the disease, and women are more likely to get sick.

Important!

This type of virus can cause cervical cancer in women and penile skin cancer in men. He definitely needs to be treated. For treatment, women need to see a gynecologist, and men need to see a venereologist and dermatologist.

In the larynx, trachea

Papillomas in the form of multiple papillae form on the mucous membrane of the larynx and trachea. They grow and gradually reduce the lumen of the airways, making it difficult to breathe and speak.

Such formations are especially dangerous in infants due to the risk of suffocation. A child is infected with the virus during childbirth from a mother with genital warts. Such formations are removed by an ENT doctor.

Types of virus by oncogenicity

As mentioned earlier, not all types of HPV are dangerous to humans. Based on their ability to cause cancer, they are divided into highly oncogenic, moderately oncogenic and low oncogenic.

1. HPV types that do not cause cancer: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 28, 49.
2. Low oncogenic risk types (rarely cause cancer): 6, 11, 13, 32, 34, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 51, 72.
3. Types of average oncogenic risk (average percentage of cancer): 26, 30, 35, 52, 53, 56, 58, 65.
4. Types of high oncogenic risk (high risk of developing cancer): 16, 18, 31, 33, 39, 45, 50, 59, 61, 62, 64, 68, 70, 73. Of these, strains 16 and 18 are the most common.

Routes of infection

The first and main route of infection is through sexual contact with a virus carrier. This also includes oral and anal contact. It does not matter whether it was protected. Infection can also occur when using contraception.

The second way is from mother to child.

When a child receives human papillomavirus infection (PVI) during childbirth. However, a sick mother does not always give birth to an infected child. Thanks to high immunity, the baby can remain healthy.

The third way is contact-household.

By direct contact with the affected areas of the body of a sick person, for example, through a handshake or kisses. Infection through common objects is also possible.

For example, when using a swimming pool, sauna, toilet rim, personal hygiene items. If one family member is infected with HPV, there is a high risk of infecting other family members.

The fourth way is self-infection.

During shaving or epilation, it is easy to transfer papilloma from one area of ​​the body to another.

Who is at risk

Anyone can become infected at any time in their life. It is completely impossible to protect yourself from PVI, but you can protect yourself. When the virus enters the body of a healthy person, infection does not occur, since his immune cells destroy the infection. Therefore, the higher the immunity and the stronger the health of a person, the less likely it is to catch PVI.

Let's highlight some risk factors for PVI:

• decreased immunity;
• hormonal disbalance;
• pregnancy, as hormonal changes occur;
• early sexual activity and frequent changes of partners;
• concomitant STDs (sexually transmitted diseases), such as bacterial vaginosis, chlamydia, trichomoniasis, gonorrhea, syphilis, etc.;
• medical procedures and manipulations, such as insertion and removal of an intrauterine device, instrumental abortion.

How to identify papillomavirus, main symptoms

The papillomavirus has a long incubation period and a hidden nature of the disease. The incubation period refers to the period of time from the moment a pathogenic microorganism enters the body until the first signs appear.

For HPV, it takes on average from a month to several years. At this time, the patient does not experience any discomfort or symptoms. The virus lies dormant until favorable conditions for development occur.

The appearance of papillomas and condylomas on the skin and mucous membranes is almost the only obvious sign of the disease. It means that the disease is in an active stage and requires prompt diagnosis and treatment.

Stages of development of PVI

It is customary to distinguish 3 stages of development of PVI:

• Initial stage (hidden) . There are no external manifestations. At this stage, it is impossible to determine the presence of the virus using diagnostic methods. There is no change in the tissue structure: the virus has already entered the cell, but the structure of the DNA remains the same. The pathogen is dormant and its numbers are minimal.
• Stage of subclinical manifestations . At this stage, small tissue changes that are invisible to the eye are detected. They can be recorded during diagnosis - colposcopy and histology. At this time, the virus has already entered the gene of a healthy cell, but does not yet make itself felt.
• Stage of clinical manifestations . Viral cells begin to multiply rapidly, resulting in warts and condylomas.

Diagnostics

Today there are no uniform rules for the diagnosis and treatment of papillomavirus. This is due to the difference in strains and localization of the pathogen. Despite the fact that the diagnosis of PVI is carried out by doctors of different specializations, it includes the following stages:

1. Visual inspection of lesions.
2. Collection of biological material.
3. Tests for the presence, identification of the type of HPV and the number of viral particles.

Methods for diagnosing urogenital type HPV:

• Colposcopy is an examination of the cervix with a special microscope. The examination allows you to clarify the presence, size and location of formations.
• Biopsy is the removal of tissue samples from the lesion. The procedure allows you to identify a precancerous condition and includes 2 types of studies. Cytology - taking a scraping of the affected area for examination under a microscope. Histology is the collection of a piece of tissue from the affected area for layer-by-layer examination using special compounds and examination under a microscope.
• PCR (polymerase chain reaction) research . PCR is a fast and reliable way to diagnose papillomas. Due to the high level of specificity, it allows you to isolate a specific infectious agent, its type and type, regardless of the stage of the pathology. The smear test is ready in 4–5 hours.

Treatment of PVI

The main difficulty in treating PVI is that once it enters the human body, it remains there forever. It is impossible to be cured completely; you can overcome the active stage of the disease.

Important!

Treatment should begin only after a complete examination by a doctor. Under no circumstances should you self-medicate or use folk remedies in the fight against oncogenic papillomavirus.

Treatment of PVI should be comprehensive and aimed at:

1. Suppression of the pathogen and elimination of living conditions . This means that drugs are needed to fight the virus and restore healthy microflora. In cases where HPV is accompanied or provoked by other sexually transmitted diseases, they also need to be treated.
2. Elimination of factors that reduce immunity, increasing immunity . This includes a wide range of tools: from taking vitamin complexes to hardening. It is important to understand that with strong immunity the disease will not recur.
3. Removal of tumors . Some formations disappear after undergoing drug treatment, but some formations persist and cause inconvenience. They can be removed in the following ways:

• liquid nitrogen;
• directed laser beam;
• thermal damage to papillomas using high-frequency waves;
• chemicals - treatment and cauterization;
• radio wave scalpel.

Prevention of infection

The most promising method of prevention is vaccination against HPV. It not only protects against infection, but is also used in the treatment of infection. The vaccine is produced in the form of suspensions for intramuscular injection. Manufacturers guarantee efficiency up to 95%.

It is equally important to maintain immunity and lead a healthy lifestyle: eat right, give up bad habits, and be selective in sexual relations.

Regular visits to the gynecologist and undergoing tests will help identify the infection at an early stage. This is especially important for women, since according to statistics, they get oncogenic HPV more often than men.

Source: https://vseopapillome.com/papillomy/inkubacionnyj-period-virusa.html

Incubation period of HPV 39

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Head of the Institute: “You will be amazed at how easy it is to cure papillomas by taking it every day...

HPV - human papillomavirus - is widespread. According to statistics, about 70% of the planet's population is infected with the virus, of which about half are people of reproductive age. There are many subtypes of HPV (more than a hundred), which, according to the degree of danger to human health, are divided into viruses:

• low oncogenic danger;
• average oncogenic danger;
• strong oncogenic danger.

The most serious consequence that the human papillomavirus can lead to in women is cervical cancer. This pathological condition is caused by HPV with a high carcinogenic risk, most often strains 16 and 18.

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Methods of transmission of HPV

Depending on the strain, papillomavirus can be transmitted in different ways. The main route of infection is sexual. This is how strains of the human papillomavirus with a high carcinogenic danger are transmitted. And a condom is not a 100% guarantee of safety.

Another route of transmission is through household contact. Infection can occur due to the use of the patient's personal belongings: clothes, shaving and manicure accessories, towels on which the patient's biological fluids could remain.

It is also possible for newborn babies to become infected from an infected mother during childbirth. Infection in this way occurs quite rarely. Since the papilloma virus in women significantly complicates labor and blocks the birth canal, the female doctor leading the pregnancy will most likely recommend a cesarean section.

Oncological strains of HPV are transmitted exclusively through sexual contact, from the carrier of the virus to the partner. There are a number of risk factors that increase the likelihood of infection:

• early sexual life (including petting);
• lack of a permanent partner;
• venereal diseases;
• exposure to stressful conditions and weakened immunity;
• bad habits (especially smoking, alcohol).

It is worth noting that not every girl becomes infected with HPV. There are often situations when the virus remains in the body for some time in an inactive state, suppressed by the activity of the immune system. When the protective forces are weakened, it appears again, becoming active and causing clinical manifestations.

Human papillomavirus has a long incubation period, during which it may not manifest itself in any way. Low-oncogenic strains can remain in a passive state for up to eight months, and subspecies with a high carcinogenic danger can unexpectedly manifest themselves after several decades.

Symptoms

How can you identify the papilloma virus by visual signs, how does this disease manifest itself? HPV symptoms in women and men are similar. The main symptom that the virus manifests itself is the appearance of neoplasms (papillomas, condylomas, warts).

They are localized on the genitals: in the labia minora, around the anus, in the vagina. They may also appear under the breasts, on the neck or face. Rashes in these areas are caused by non-carcinogenic strains of the virus; the only inconvenience from them is their unaesthetic appearance. They prevent you from looking attractive, being purely a cosmetic defect.

Condylomas can have different appearances:

• Genital warts (genital warts) can be found on the genitals. As a rule, low-carcinogenic strains of the human papillomavirus have such an external manifestation. They are easily damaged, causing them to bleed. The growth rate of genital warts is high; fairly large rashes can form in just a few weeks. They can also be located on the walls of the vagina, thereby narrowing its lumen, which makes sexual intercourse or childbirth much more difficult.
• Flat condylomas are localized on the internal genital organs, namely on the epithelium of the cervix. Their presence indicates that the virus has been in the body for a long time, causing pathological changes in the uterine epithelium.
• Inverted condylomas are similar to flat condylomas, but they are directed into the epithelium. Often, condylomas of this type are already precancer.

Papillomas are benign formations of connective and epithelial tissue through which capillaries pass. They can appear not only on the genitals, but also on the mucous membranes (mouth, nose), as well as the skin.

If a woman has external signs of HPV during a gynecological examination, an additional study of the cells of the mucous membrane of the cervix is ​​carried out. The purpose of these tests is to detect the following accompanying symptoms of human papillomavirus in women:

• chronic cervicitis - a constant inflammatory process of the cervix;
• squamous metaplasia is a precancerous condition in which epithelial cells degenerate into squamous cells;
• dysplasia - abnormal or abnormal development and growth of cells.

Ultimately, the action of HPV leads to cervical cancer, which can be called a symptom of papillomavirus infection (it belongs to the category of chronic viral diseases caused by the human papillomavirus).

How else does HPV manifest itself? Many women suffering from the virus report unusual vaginal discharge.

Human papillomavirus infection in women can be definitively identified using special tests:

• colposcopy (gynecological examination of the vagina using a lighting device);
• biopsy (taking part of the material for additional research);
• cytological examination of smear material;
• PCR (polymerase chain reaction).

Diagnosis and treatment

Diagnosis of papillomavirus in women is based on a visual gynecological examination and tests performed. Modern methods (PCR, Digen test) make it possible not only to detect the presence of human papillomavirus in the body, but also to accurately determine the detected strain, the degree of danger, and the viral load.

Treatment of HPV in women primarily depends on which strain of the virus caused the disease. It is carried out comprehensively and includes antiviral and immunomodulatory therapy together with surgical removal of tumors. Even reliably detected HPV cannot be cured; you can only get rid of clinical manifestations and stop its development.

Neoplasms that occupy a large area can be removed. There are a number of effective techniques:

• surgical manipulation using a scalpel;
• laser removal;
• chemical removal;
• destruction by radio wave radiation;
• cryodestruction.

Drug treatment is selected by the doctor based on information about HPV: the amount of the virus in the body, its manifested subtype, and how long ago it was infected.

Pregnant women can be treated with medications only after the formation of the internal organs of the fetus, which occurs in the third trimester.

And, as mentioned above, pregnant women who have been diagnosed with manifest HPV are recommended to have a cesarean section in order to eliminate the risk of infection of the fetus.

Causes of human papilloma virus infection

HPV is the short name for human papillomavirus. Infection occurs through household contact. However, this does not mean that every person who has had contact with a sick person will be infected. For the virus to penetrate the body, concomitant conditions are required, and one of them is a violation of the barrier function of the skin and mucous membranes.

It is very easy to get HPV when your skin has:

• abrasions;
• wounds;
• cuts;
• other minor injuries.

Violation of natural defense mechanisms is due to deterioration of the immune system in general and specifically local immunity. Class A antibodies are responsible for protecting the body from viruses. If their quantity is insufficient, the system malfunctions and the body becomes susceptible to viruses.

The causes of the human papillomavirus can be diseases of an infectious nature, the transmission of which occurs through sexual contact. Ureaplasmosis, chlamydia, gonorrhea, mycoplasmosis and other STDs contribute to HPV infection. In this case, the disease may manifest itself as condylomas formed on the genitals.

A decrease in local and general immunity can occur due to disruption of the intestinal and vaginal biocenosis. Suppression of the immune system in recent years has been observed against the background of HIV infection, a pathology that increases the susceptibility of the human body to the effects of any microorganisms.

Activation of papillomavirus occurs under the influence of the following factors:

1. intestinal infections and dysbacteriosis;
2. harmful working conditions;
3. exacerbation of any chronic disease;
4. hypothermia;
5. congenital immunodeficiency condition;
6. acute forms of diseases of infectious and non-infectious nature;
7. exposure to stress;
8. malnutrition.

The incubation period of HPV is long - the pathogen may not make itself felt for several years. But when favorable conditions arise, it immediately becomes active.

Routes of transmission of human papillomavirus infection

The need to know the mechanisms of disease development allows you to protect yourself from infection. The main source of infection is an infected person with visible manifestations of pathology on the skin.

How is human papillomavirus transmitted? The main mechanisms of transmission are represented by contact and vertical, that is, from a pregnant woman to the fetus. The contact mechanism refers to sexual and contact-household methods of infection. This means that infection is possible in the following situations:

• general use of personal hygiene products;
• swimming in public places with high humidity;
• wearing someone else's shoes and underwear;
• handshakes.

The maximum risk of contracting the virus is inherent in people leading a chaotic intimate life. The more often a person changes sexual partners, the greater their chances of becoming infected with HPV.

A significant proportion of the risk group belongs to homosexuals, whose mucous membranes and skin are injured during sexual intercourse much more often than other categories of people. In the photo, the human papillomavirus is shown in the form of genital warts that affect the genitals after infection. This type of wart is very easily injured.

The danger of carriage of papillomavirus during pregnancy is due to the possible development of laryngeal papillomatosis in the fetus, leading to impaired respiratory function. The risk of infection of the baby also exists when breastfeeding.

Video: Who is at higher risk of contracting HPV?

How to recognize HPV?

The activity of the papillomavirus leads to changes in the functions of the cells that form the epithelium. As a result of their division, specific neoplasms appear on the body, which are popularly called warts. But the symptoms of human papillomavirus can be different - the behavior of the strain depends on the type of pathogen.

In young people, the initial manifestation of HPV can be the growth of warts on different parts of the body. Most often, neoplasms affect the elbows, knees, and fingers. Their character is benign, the color varies from light yellow to black. The diameter of formations that are dense to the touch reaches 10 mm.

Later, the body is “decorated” by papillomas - another type of formation. Soft to the touch, they are attached to the skin with a thin stem or wide base. Their color differs little from the surrounding skin, but sometimes the growths are dark brown.

Favorite places for papillomas are:

• neck;
• face;
• genitals;
• armpit area.

In men, the human papillomavirus can infect any area of ​​the penis (head, frenulum, etc.). In rare cases, HPV affects the urethra. Infection leads to difficulty urinating and causes discomfort.

If the papillomavirus affects women, characteristic neoplasms form on the mucous membranes of the external genitalia. Occasionally they are found on the skin of the labia majora, in the throat and on the oral mucosa. The harmful virus can affect the cervix, anus, urethra and vagina.

The danger of neoplasms for human health lies in their possible degeneration into malignant tumors. They cause complexes in a person and spoil the appearance of the body. Experts recommend removing them after examination.

Methods for diagnosing HPV

Diagnosis of human papillomavirus infection is carried out during a gynecological examination or through special tests for the human papillomavirus.

To differentiate neoplasms from other pathologies, specialists resort to the following methods:

• PCR;
• biopsy;
• colposcopy.

With PCR diagnostics, doctors receive quantitative tests for each type of virus. This technique is also good at determining the number of copies of HPV DNA in the material taken. Together, this allows doctors to accurately determine the severity of the disease and make prognoses.

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Material is taken for examination in the form of a scraping from the urethra or cervix. On the eve of the test, a person must stop having sex, drinking alcohol and taking antiviral drugs. Any therapeutic procedures on the genitals are also canceled for now. Before the day of taking samples for analysis, you should not wash yourself, and several hours before the procedure you should not urinate.

In the Invitro laboratory, human papillomavirus analysis is carried out using a colposcope.

This special microscope makes it easier to examine the cervix. By enlarging the area, the doctor can examine individual elements, each of which has its own loop-shaped capillary.

Before examination, condylomas are lubricated with a solution of acetic acid, which leads to spasm of the capillaries and a change in the color of the growths to pearl white.

Before acid treatment, the affected cervix appears as a large pink spot, and the staining clearly highlights the papillomas.

During a biopsy, the affected tissue is removed. They are then stained and submitted for study. The technique is highly accurate. In addition to it, histological and cytological studies of the material can be carried out.

Source: https://papilloma-telo.ru/papillomy/inkubatsionnyj-period-vpch-39/

Human papillomavirus transmission routes

Papilloma: how is it transmitted and what is it?

Currently, about 100 different varieties of the virus are known. Among them there are both harmless to humans and dangerous in terms of the development of cancer. The following facts can be reassuring: viruses that cause the formation of warts and papillomas belong to subtypes 6 and 11, which have a low carcinogenic risk. Oncogenic subtypes include strains 16 and 18, which provoke cell mutation and cervical cancer.

The papilloma virus multiplies exclusively in the cells of the skin and mucous membranes, causing their uncontrolled division. As a result, a person develops the following clinical manifestations:

• various warts (common, flat, plantar);
• genital warts;
• papillomatosis of the mouth and larynx;
• papillomas of internal organs.

The role of the virus in the development of cervical cancer in women and penile cancer in men has been proven, so it is important to know how the papillomavirus is transmitted in order to prevent infection.

Human papillomavirus: routes of transmission

It is impossible to independently detect the presence of a virus in the body if there are no characteristic growths on the skin or mucous membranes. Specialized medical tests will allow you to identify dormant pathology. The absence of symptoms does not guarantee that a person is not dangerous to others.

How is papillomavirus (HPV) transmitted? Doctors identify several methods.

Contact and household path

HPV is transmitted through household contact. It is worth noting that it is rare, but this option of obtaining human papillomavirus infection (PVI) still has a right to exist.

You can become infected by shaking hands, using common household items - towels, slippers, wearing someone else's clothes, especially underwear. Often infection occurs when visiting a swimming pool or fitness center.

The microscopic organism is so highly active that HPV is transmitted through saliva and kissing.

The risk of infection increases if there are abrasions, scratches, microcracks, or various wounds on the skin. People with characteristic manifestations of the disease - warts and papillomas - are especially contagious.

A fairly common question: will washing your hands regularly reduce the risk of infection? Of course, clean skin is more protected. However, hygiene measures do not protect against infection with papillomavirus.

Is papillomavirus (HPV) sexually transmitted?

One sexual contact is enough to infect a person. HPV is transmitted through oral, vaginal and anal sex.

More often, the infection comes from a man, but the opposite situation is also possible, when reverse infection with HPV is recorded - from a woman to a man.

Predisposing factors are:

• early entry into intimate relationships at a young age;
• frequent change of sexual partners, because do not forget that papillomavirus is sexually transmitted;
• the presence of genital warts on the genitals.

Papilloma is also transmitted sexually through homosexual intercourse, during which minor injuries to the skin and mucous membranes of the anal area occur. This significantly increases the risk of infection, especially if one of the partners has external manifestations of the disease - anogenital warts.

Is the human papillomavirus transmitted through protected sex? Unfortunately yes.

HPV is transmitted through a condom, since invisible condylomas can be located in the groin area unprotected by the product.

Papillomavirus: transmission from mother to child (vertical method)

Many pregnant women worry - is HPV transmitted from mother to child? Unfortunately, this route of infection does occur, and infection can occur both transplacentally (in the prenatal period) and during childbirth. If the first option is an incredible rarity, then when a baby passes through an infected birth canal, the child can receive papillomavirus with a high degree of probability.

Source: https://rodinkl.ru/papillomy/virus-papillomy-cheloveka-puti-peredachi.html

What factors determine the length of the incubation period of HPV?

The incubation period of HPV is a period of time when there are still no external manifestations of the virus on the body. When exposed to factors, favorable conditions are created for the disease to enter the active stage. Every year the number of papillomavirus carriers increases. Many people are susceptible to the appearance of warts, condylomas and papillomas.

Routes of infection and transmission of HPV

You can become infected with the human papillomavirus from people. Often the pathogen gets on the surface of the skin, which does not guarantee penetration into the basal layer of the epithelium. HPV never enters the bloodstream. The infection penetrates into the dermis when it is damaged. A small scratch is enough for the virus to settle and hide in the infected cell, and the incubation period begins.

HPV transmission occurs through:

• shaking hands, kissing, hugging;
• use of combs, electrical appliances, kitchen utensils;
• sex;
• at the time of birth - from mother to child.

The main method of transmission of human papillomavirus infection is sexual.

You need to be aware of the dangers of promiscuous sexual relations and frequent changes of partners. The risk of becoming infected with oncogenic strains increases - 16, 18. They cause cancer. Formations appear on the penis and cervix. When injured or damaged, there is a possibility of degeneration into a malignant neoplasm.

How long is the incubation period of HPV?

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For human papillomavirus, the incubation period does not depend on the type. The time elapsed from the moment of infection to the growth of formations. The main factor influencing duration is immunity. In a healthy body, HPV manifests itself in stages and may not appear at all.

The average incubation time of infection is from 1 to 3-4 months. This happens in conditions of weakened immunity - after operations, severe poisoning, exacerbation of chronic diseases.

In the early stages, the disease is parasitic without symptoms or is in a dormant state; the fight against it often begins already at an advanced stage.

How is HPV incubated:

1. The virus enters the skin and multiplies in the upper layers of the epithelium.
2. Affects the lower basal epithelial layer.
3. Penetrates the DNA of cells, changing their reproduction programs.
4. The basal tissues grow and a growth forms.

The order is valid for all types of growths - convex, pointed and flat.

Benign condylomas and papillomas grow according to the same principle. Called the episomal form of development of the formation, it is safe to remove and does not lead to cancer.

How long does it take for the first signs of HPV to appear?

Growths on the skin and mucous membranes of organs appear when the incubation period of the papillomavirus ends. The first symptom can be tracked after 3-4 months using histological analysis. The skin at the site of future formations changes at the cellular level.

The development of HPV occurs in 3 stages:

1. The virus cells have already settled in the epithelium, but do not lead to pathogenic changes. The incubation period is a long stage; HPV can remain in a latent state for months, years, decades.
2. Internal changes accompanied by the introduction of infection into the DNA of cells. Lasts on average from a week to a month without obvious symptoms.
3. External changes are the growth of tumor-like formations on the surface of the infected skin or mucous membrane, which grow within 1-3 weeks depending on the state of the immune system.

It is impossible to determine the presence of the disease on your own during the incubation period, before the growths appear. The main symptom, the disease does not manifest itself differently.

The external expression of HPV depends on the body’s ability to fight the infection and keep it in a suppressed state. The time for the first symptoms to appear varies from person to person; it may not come at all.

The formations appear singly, but until HPV is suppressed, they grow without stopping. Leads to papillomatosis - the accumulation of many growths in one place, forming a single colony.

The end of the incubation period and the manifestation of the first signs of HPV can be accelerated by:

• pregnancy;
• infectious diseases.

Minor disruptions in the production of sex hormones (as during infection) lead to increased growth of formations.

Can the virus not manifest itself?

Often papillomas, condylomas and warts appear at the age of 50-70 years. A time of decline in immunity and general health, which is provoked by the papillomavirus, which has been dormant for decades.

What negatively affects the fight against HPV:

1. Frequent change of sexual partner. Long-term sexual relationships with one person reduce the risk of HPV infection to 10-15%, provided that he or she is not infected. Relationships with 3 different partners per year increase the chance of infection by 50-60%.
2. Repeated or ongoing contact with an infected person after recovery.
3. Early onset of sexual activity.

Any effects on the body that reduce the ability to protect itself lead to the end of the incubation period and activation of the virus in the skin tissues. While HPV is in a latent state, the person does not suffer. But when the growths grow, especially on the face, the patient experiences psychological stress, and in case of complications – pain, burning, itching.

In what cases is self-healing possible?

Self-healing means stopping growth and complete disappearance of growths without intervention from a doctor. With HPV, it occurs in 10-20% of cases, more often during the incubation period.

It is possible to stop parasitism with the help of antiviral drugs, but the effect is temporary. The main goal in the fight against HPV is to create a sustainable blockade using your own protective immune resources.

Can be achieved with:

• balanced and regular diet - eat portions of up to 200 g 3-5 times a day. Remove foods high in saturated fats from your diet;
• maintaining a sleep schedule - sleep at least 7-8 hours;
• maintaining a monogamous sexual life;
• use of vitamins and immunomodulating agents.

Self-healing is possible at the initial stage, when the outgrowths have not yet grown into a colony, during the incubation period. The sooner you see a doctor, the less time it will take for treatment.

The article has been reviewed by the site editors

Source: https://VashaDerma.ru/hpv/inkubatsionnyy-period

Routes of transmission of HPV

Home → Articles → Diseases → Sexual infections → Routes of transmission of HPV

HPV is a chronic infectious disease. Its causative agent is a special type of virus that affects most people on our planet. Today, more than 100 of its species are known, which can cause skin diseases and cause the appearance of warts and genital warts.

Conventionally, they are all divided into two groups – with low oncogenic risk and high. The second group includes those that can lead to the development of cancer. It is known for certain that some types of human papillomavirus infection can provoke the occurrence of cervical cancer and penile cancer.

Types of HPV

Based on the fact that there are too many human papilloma viruses, scientists assigned each of them a personal number. The most dangerous types from the point of view of developing cancer are types 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 68. HPV numbers 6, 11, 42, 43 and 44 have a low oncogenic risk.

Transmission routes

Papillomavirus is most often transmitted through sexual contact with a carrier of the infection. Moreover, contact can be anything: vaginal, oral or anal - if it is unprotected, the infection from the carrier’s body enters the partner’s body.

• There is also a vertical mode of transmission - from mother to fetus.
• The risk of infection increases significantly with a large number of sexual partners.
• The presence of easily traumatic genital warts on the body also increases the likelihood of transmission to another person.

But even in the absence of any external manifestations of the disease, you can still be a carrier and infect others. The modes of transmission are the same for diseases with high and low oncogenic risk.

In some cases, infection can occur:

• when shaking hands;
• using other people's hygiene products in fitness clubs, swimming pools and saunas.

A pregnant woman can infect her baby during fetal development or during childbirth. Therefore, in the active phase of the disease, it is recommended to postpone pregnancy and first undergo a course of treatment.

Diagnosis and treatment

Diagnosis of HPV includes:

• examination by a gynecologist of the skin and mucous membranes;
• colposcopy, which is performed using a special device that magnifies the image several times;
• PCR is a polymerase chain reaction that can detect DNA and determine the type of HPV.

Sometimes the Digene Test is one of the most accurate methods for diagnosing infection, as well as a cervical biopsy.

HPV treatment methods are aimed at eliminating the manifestations of the infection and include:

• taking antiviral drugs;
• cryodestruction (destruction of a neoplasm using ultra-low temperatures);
• radio wave coagulation;
• laser therapy;
• electrocoagulation;
• surgical intervention;
• the use of "Solcoderm" - a drug that is applied externally and promotes the death and rejection of cells affected by the virus.

Every woman diagnosed with the disease should undergo regular cytological examination of the cervix for timely detection of cancer.

By contacting ON CLINIC, you can be sure that highly accurate diagnostics and gynecologists with extensive experience are at your service. We guarantee careful attention to any of your problems. Come, we will answer any of your questions and select the most effective treatment!

ON CLINIC: many years of experience, highly accurate diagnosis and effective treatment of any viral diseases. Contact us!

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Source: https://www.OnClinic.ru/articles/zabolevaniya/polovye_infektsii/puti_peredachi_vpch/

Human papillomavirus: routes of transmission and signs of HPV infection. Routes of infection and mechanism of entry into the body by HPV – human papillomavirus

This is a virus that is present and multiplies in the basal layer of the skin. It is easily transferred from one living organism to another, penetrating even the smallest wounds and mucous membranes.

Once in the body, HPV penetrates into the upper layer of the skin, into young cells. The infection may not manifest itself in any way from a month to several years, but as the cells are renewed, the papillomavirus rises higher and higher to the surface of the epithelium, and then begins to multiply. Virus-infected cells and the body react differently to it:

• infected cells simply die;
• papillomas and condylomas are formed;
• precancerous changes occur in the cervix;
• no changes occur in the cells, and the immune system copes with the virus on its own.

Types of strains

There are many types of papillomaviruses; they were discovered gradually, assigning serial numbers as they were discovered. In total, more than a hundred of them are known today .

The most common strains (6, 11, 42, 54), when transmitted sexually, contribute to the formation of condylomas in the intimate area in both women and men. And warts on the skin develop due to HPV 2, 4, 26, 29, 57.

They are considered harmless to human health and do not cause serious complications. But there are dangerous oncogenic types that lead to the formation of malignant cells - 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39. As a rule, they affect the female reproductive organs and can lead to cervical cancer.

Therefore, it is very important to detect infection with a certain type of HPV in a woman’s body at an early stage.

Routes of transmission of HPV

One of the features of papillomavirus is that it is not an ordinary sexually transmitted disease, but it is also contagious. They become infected not only through intimate intimacy, but also through everyday contact, and HPV is also transmitted through a kiss. There are several ways the virus can be transmitted .

Sexually

Vaginal, oral or anal contact is the most common method of infection. As a rule, a man is a distributor of the virus, but a woman can also become one if she has genital warts on her genitals, lips and mouth. The probability of infection in this case reaches 90%.

The rapid infection forced scientists to look into the question of whether HPV is transmitted through a kiss. If there are signs of infection in the partner’s mouth, then the virus easily penetrates through small cracks into the body with saliva. Moreover, the risk of infection with types 16 and 18 (oncogenic) is most common in this way. If left untreated, it can cause throat cancer.

Also, protected sexual contact significantly reduces the risk of contracting this disease, but does not ensure 100% safety. Often condylomas and warts form in the groin, where a condom is not used.

But in fact, a human papillomavirus infection, while in the body, may not make itself felt for a long time, and the HPV carrier will not even suspect its presence in his body.

The risk of infection is highest during anal sex, because it is the most traumatic: damaged mucous membranes and microcracks serve as a suitable environment for infection. If one of the partners has an anogenital wart, even a condom will not serve as reliable protection.

There are many reasons for infection with this virus, ranging from weakened immunity to promiscuity. But the main reasons contributing to HPV disease are:

1. Frequent change of sexual partners, unprotected sex.
2. The presence of condylomas and papillomas in one of the partners.
3. Onset of sexual activity at an early age.

In the absence of external signs of the disease, the likelihood of infection through sexual contact is low, even if one of the partners is a hidden carrier of the disease.

Household route of infection

It is transmitted quite rarely in this way. HPV infection enters the body through minor damage to the epidermis: scratches, abrasions, wounds.

If one of the family members is diagnosed with HPV, then we can safely say that the virus was transmitted through household contact and the entire family is infected. At home you can become infected in one of the following ways:

• when using one towel, bed linen, bar soap, brushes for applying decorative cosmetics, a washcloth;
• through saliva, using one dish or toothbrush;
• wearing someone else's underwear or pajamas;
• If you damage a papilloma while shaving or epilating, you can accidentally infect adjacent areas of the skin.

When visiting public places, there is also a high probability of being infected: in a bathhouse, sauna, or swimming pool, the virus can survive outside the body for several hours, remaining on wet surfaces, linen, and towels. If you have wounds on your hands, you can become infected even through a handshake.

Vaccination – guaranteed safety against HPV?

Many people have heard about the benefits of vaccination against the human papillomavirus, but few know that even this method does not guarantee complete safety from infection.

Today there are two types of preventive medications - Gardasil and Cervarix. It is a mistake to assume that they protect against all existing types of papillomavirus. Their composition helps protect yourself from only a few types of HPV, which are classified as cancer-dangerous types - 6, 11, 16, 18.

Which doctor should I contact if I have human papillomavirus?

If the rash is in the genital area, then you should visit a dermatovenerologist, urologist or gynecologist. If the tumor is abnormal in size, you should contact your oncologist directly.

If the rashes on the body are not colossal in size, then you will have to visit a dermatologist. If your health condition seems strange to him, he can write a referral to an immunologist to increase your immunity level.

Where is it easiest to catch this disease?

How can you become infected with papilloma? The infection can be transmitted from person to person in various ways, which are described in detail above. But these are not all possible ways of transmitting the pathogen.

You can become infected with papillomavirus when visiting public swimming places - various swimming pools, neglected reservoirs. Also, papillomas on the body can appear after relaxing in a sauna or bathhouse visited by a carrier of the disease.

In these same establishments, infection through the household route already known to us cannot be ruled out - by using shared bed linen and towels of an infected patient.

If there is trauma to the skin, the likelihood of infection by this virus is extremely high.

Until now, some information about how papilloma is transmitted remains unknown. Thus, it is impossible to completely refute the possibility of infection with this microbe through a biological fluid - blood or lymph.

A proven fact is only the ability of HPV infection through the patient’s saliva, but such a transfer mechanism is feasible only if the carrier has symptomatic manifestations of oral papillomatosis.

In such a situation, the cause of infection should be sought in the use of a toothbrush, dishes or other items that belonged to strangers.

If such a dangerous disease is transmitted to a small child or infant, the baby’s immunity may not withstand the onslaught of the papillomavirus.

In this case, clinical signs of pathology will not take long to appear.

How can you become infected with the human papillomavirus? Another way of transmitting such a disease is considered to be airborne droplets.

This mechanism of infection has not been fully proven, although in medicine there are some cases of acquiring papillomatosis in this way.

Thus, some surgeons, after performing surgery on patients infected with HPV, subsequently noted the occurrence of symptoms of this disease. And this despite the fact that there was no contact with the patient’s skin, because the intervention was carried out using coagulation or laser therapy.

How to prevent human papillomavirus from entering your body? All methods of pathogen transmission are considered potentially dangerous.

You should try to limit communication and avoid sexual relations with those people whose skin is covered with multiple warts or other growths. Even normal epidermis surrounding such formations can cause infection.

To protect yourself from the penetration of harmful microorganisms, experts advise following the following recommendations:

• do not walk barefoot in public places;
• avoid shaking hands with suspected carriers of the virus;
• always observe basic hygiene standards, wash your hands thoroughly after coming home from the street;
• treat injuries and abrasions with antimicrobial agents.

Attention! Viral particles live on the epidermis of an infected person and can remain on household items they use. This infection is not transmitted exclusively through sexual contact, so if a sexual partner is diagnosed with HPV, you should not immediately accuse him of infidelity.

Symptoms of HPV infection

As a rule, papillomavirus can be contracted through sexual contact. It doesn’t matter what type of sex you practice: oral, anal or regular genital. More often you can find situations where a man infects a woman, but as practice in recent years shows, the opposite cases have become no less rare.

There is an opinion that most often the human papillomavirus is transmitted through sexual contact. This is true, but there are also other ways of infection. The incubation period of the human papillomavirus can last up to 10 years. Papillomas on the body can form through a simple touch or through the saliva of another person.

There are more than a hundred strains of HPV, most transmitted through various types of close contact.

Sexually

HPV is transmitted sexually. This reason is considered the most common and insidious, because often girls and boys are not aware of the presence of infection in the blood. Popular protection methods do not provide 100% safety from the virus, especially if it is not a barrier method.

A condom gives a person some protection against HPV. It all depends on the type of infection and the person’s immune system.

Human papillomavirus is a highly contagious virus and, according to statistics, 50 to 70% of the population is infected with it. However, clinical manifestations of infection are not very common, occurring in approximately 1-2% of cases.

So, HPV – how is the disease transmitted? All possible transmission routes will be discussed below.

Papilloma: how is it transmitted and what is it?

Currently, about 100 different varieties of the virus are known. Among them there are both harmless to humans and dangerous in terms of the development of cancer.

The following facts can be reassuring: viruses that cause the formation of warts and papillomas belong to subtypes 6 and 11, which have a low carcinogenic risk. Oncogenic subtypes include strains 16 and 18, which provoke cell mutation and cervical cancer.

The papilloma virus multiplies exclusively in the cells of the skin and mucous membranes, causing their uncontrolled division. As a result, a person develops the following clinical manifestations:

• various warts (common, flat, plantar);
• genital warts;
• papillomatosis of the mouth and larynx;
• papillomas of internal organs.

The role of the virus in the development of cervical cancer in women and penile cancer in men has been proven, so it is important to know how the papillomavirus is transmitted in order to prevent infection.

Human papillomavirus: routes of transmission

It is impossible to independently detect the presence of a virus in the body if there are no characteristic growths on the skin or mucous membranes. Specialized medical tests will allow you to identify dormant pathology. The absence of symptoms does not guarantee that a person is not dangerous to others.

How is papillomavirus (HPV) transmitted? Doctors identify several methods.

Contact and household path

HPV is transmitted through household contact. It is worth noting that it is rare, but this option of obtaining human papillomavirus infection (PVI) still has a right to exist.

You can become infected by shaking hands, using common household items - towels, slippers, wearing someone else's clothes, especially underwear. Often infection occurs when visiting a swimming pool or fitness center.

The microscopic organism is so highly active that HPV is transmitted through saliva and kissing.

The risk of infection increases if there are abrasions, scratches, microcracks, or various wounds on the skin. People with characteristic manifestations of the disease - warts and papillomas - are especially contagious.

A fairly common question: will washing your hands regularly reduce the risk of infection? Of course, clean skin is more protected. However, hygiene measures do not protect against infection with papillomavirus.

Is papillomavirus (HPV) sexually transmitted?

One sexual contact is enough to infect a person. HPV is transmitted through oral, vaginal and anal sex.

More often, the infection comes from a man, but the opposite situation is also possible, when reverse infection with HPV is recorded - from a woman to a man.

Predisposing factors are:

• early entry into intimate relationships at a young age;
• frequent change of sexual partners, because do not forget that papillomavirus is sexually transmitted;
• the presence of genital warts on the genitals.

Papilloma is also transmitted sexually through homosexual intercourse, during which minor injuries to the skin and mucous membranes of the anal area occur. This significantly increases the risk of infection, especially if one of the partners has external manifestations of the disease - anogenital warts.

Is the human papillomavirus transmitted through protected sex? Unfortunately yes. HPV is transmitted through a condom, since invisible condylomas can be located in the groin area unprotected by the product.

Using a condom greatly reduces the risk of infection, but does not provide a complete guarantee of safety. Despite this, using a condom is recommended for all people who have multiple sexual partners.

Papillomavirus: transmission from mother to child (vertical method)

Many pregnant women worry - is HPV transmitted from mother to child? Unfortunately, this route of infection does occur, and infection can occur both transplacentally (in the prenatal period) and during childbirth.

If the first option is an incredible rarity, then when a baby passes through an infected birth canal, the child can receive papillomavirus with a high degree of probability.

Source: https://GolovaNeBoli.ru/akne/virus-papillomy-cheloveka-prichiny-poyavleniya-i-vidy-vpch-sposoby-peredachi-i-priznaki-zarazheniya-infektsiej.html