How to treat ARVI in an adult, depending on the symptoms

A disease such as ARVI, its symptoms and treatment in adults can vary significantly depending on the types of diseases and their characteristics.

Pathogens of ARVI

Treatment of ARVI and influenza in adults is complicated by a large number of pathogens, which include more than 200 different viruses, leading to the localization of inflammation in various parts of the respiratory system. The most common infections include the following:

• A respiratory infection dies when heated to 50 degrees.
• Rhinovirus. It dies after 10 minutes at temperatures of about 50 degrees, and is quickly activated when the mucous membrane dries out.
• Adenovirus. It is characterized by increased resistance and is able to maintain its activity at temperatures of 20 degrees for 2 weeks. Kills when treated with chlorine and when exposed to ultraviolet light.
• Respiratory virus. It is characterized by an acute course and high infectiousness, but it quickly dies at high temperatures.
• Parainfluenza. Dies at room temperature within 4 hours. When heated to 50 degrees, it dies in 30 minutes.

In each specific case, the treatment regimen for ARVI in adults will vary depending on the specific disease. You should also choose the right medications for treating adults.

Symptoms

It should be said that the symptoms of this disease directly depend on its causative agent. However, for most diseases, the treatment and symptoms of ARVI in adults are as follows:

1. Temperature increase.
2. Increased sweating.
3. Tearing.
4. General weakness.
5. Feeling of constant headache and aching joints.
6. In some cases, enlargement of the cervical lymph nodes.

Good to know: Rash during ARVI

When the mucous membrane is affected in adults, symptoms of ARVI manifest themselves as:

• swelling of the nasal mucosa,
• characteristic nasal discharge, runny nose,
• sore throat,
• cough,
• sore throat,
• sputum department.

Also, depending on the individual characteristics of the disease, symptoms of rhinitis, tracheitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis and other diseases of the nasopharynx may appear. In rare cases, an atypical course of the disease is observed, which leads to complications such as bronchitis and pneumonia.

Adenovirus

To date, 32 different strains of adenovirus are known, which infect the lymph nodes, eyes and respiratory organs. Infection with such an adenovirus occurs through airborne droplets. Symptoms of adenovirus infection in adults include the following:

• Muscle pain.
• Lack of appetite.
• Headache.
• Fever that may last for two weeks.
• Viral fever and chills.
• Cough.
• Enlarged lymph nodes in the armpits, neck and groin.
• A sore throat.
• Conjunctivitis.

Runny nose and nasal congestion

An increase in temperature during such acute adenoviral ARVI does not lead to intoxication of the body, as can be the case with influenza. When a bacterial infection is attached to an adenovirus, tonsillitis, pneumonia and other dangerous diseases can occur. A sign of such a bacterial infection is the appearance of shortness of breath and an increase in temperature to 39 degrees.

PC virus

PC virus is another type of acute respiratory viral infection, which is characterized by damage to the lower respiratory tract. In 25% of cases, the PC virus is complicated by pneumonia.

It should be said that this disease poses a certain danger, especially in children, in whom pneumonia can be fatal.

Adults become infected with this RS virus less often than children, since the developed immunity allows the body to resist such an infection. If we talk about the symptoms of ARVI, which is caused by the RS virus, then we can note the following:

• The appearance of the characteristic blue color of the lips.
• Pain and tightness in the chest.
• Shortness of breath appears with painful sensations when exhaling.
• The cough becomes dry and paroxysmal.

In certain cases, intoxication appears, especially when the temperature increases.

Treatment of this disease at home presents certain difficulties, so the patient must be admitted to a hospital under constant medical supervision.

With timely detection of this disease and selection of effective treatment for ARVI in adults, the prognosis is positive. In this case, inexpensive medications that strengthen the immune system can also be used.

Good to know: How infectious can a person be with ARVI?

Parainfluenza

Parainfluenza is a common acute respiratory viral infection, and manifests itself in nasal congestion and damage to the larynx. The parainfluenza virus is capable of parasitizing epithelial cells, gradually destroying them, and the breakdown products cause intoxication when they enter the blood. The symptoms of parainfluenza include the following:

• Dry cough.
• Sore throat.
• Nasal congestion.
• Runny nose.

Rhinovirus

Rhinovirus ARVI usually causes heaviness in the head, muscle pain, weakness, sore throat and cough. This illness can last about 2 weeks, with a slight increase in temperature. In rare cases, rhinovirus leads to bronchitis and sinusitis.

Treatment

Treatment of ARVI directly depends on the type of infection that caused the disease. It is extremely important to start treatment as soon as possible, which will quickly eliminate symptoms and avoid the development of various complications. It is recommended to begin treatment for ARVI no later than 2 days after the first symptoms appear. You can take the following inexpensive antiviral medications:

• Zanamivir.
• Tamiflu.
• Rimantadine.

Antiviral drugs for ARVI are recommended to be taken for 5 days. Immunomodulators and interferons are used at the same time. From cheap means - Arbidol. Adults can also take interferons such as Ingaron, Viferon, Alfaron, Grippferon.

With the help of such remedies, you can quickly recover from this disease.
Also, during a cold, the patient is recommended to undergo osteopathic treatment twice a day. This treatment speeds up the body's ability to fight acute illnesses and recover.

You can get advice from a specialized doctor https://mososteopat.ru/.

Treatment of adenoviral, RS infections

Treatment of ARVI caused by RS infection and adenovirus is performed exclusively in a hospital due to the high contagiousness and severity of this disease. In the hospital, patients are prescribed the following medications:

• Detoxification solutions are routinely administered intravenously, including glucose along with ascorbic acid.
• A course of treatment is carried out with a specific immunoglobulin, which has antibodies to the adenovirus. This immunoglobulin is administered intramuscularly.
• When conjunctivitis occurs, immunoglobulin should be instilled into the corners of the eyes. Also, if the condition worsens, wash the eyes with a 2% solution of boric acid.

To treat the RS virus, a nebulizer is used to inhale Ribavirin. It should be said that in each specific case, treatment is prescribed exclusively by a specialist. Self-medication in this case is completely excluded. The sooner the patient seeks qualified help, the easier it will be to treat such severe forms of ARVI.

Symptomatic treatment

Symptomatic treatment involves rapid treatment of ARVI and taking medications that can suppress certain symptoms of this disease, alleviating the patient’s general condition. For example, to improve well-being, the following types of drugs can be prescribed:

• Painkillers.
• Anti-inflammatory.
• Antipyretic.

Good to know: Treatment of ARVI with folk remedies

When the temperature rises, paracetamol is prescribed, which has an anti-inflammatory effect, reduces pain and reduces fever. If you have a dry cough, Broncholitin is recommended, which reduces the intensity of cough attacks.

Thermopsis, Lazolvan, Gedelix can also be used to thin sputum. To alleviate a sore throat, it is recommended to dissolve Faringosept, gargle, perform oil inhalations and drink milk with honey.

To combat nasal congestion, you can use Sanorin, Otrivin, Nazivin and Vibrocil in short courses.

Drugs with contraindications and side effects

It is necessary to understand that there are no universal drugs for the treatment of ARVI. Certain medications have certain contraindications that must be taken into account when taking them.

For example, the complex immunostimulating and antiviral drug Cytovir is widely used to treat ARVI.

However, it should be remembered that such a drug leads to a decrease in blood pressure; it is not recommended for people who suffer from vegetative-vascular dystonia.

For example, taking this drug can lead to allergic reactions, especially such reactions can occur in allergy sufferers for whom Kagocel is not recommended.

Also, Arbidol, which is widely used as a standard for the treatment of viral diseases, can lead to various types of allergies.

Treatment in adults with contraindications to drugs

Also, for the treatment of ARVI, it is possible to recommend the use of various folk remedies.

In this case, you can instill pine or eucalyptus oil into your nose, do inhalations with hot water, gargle with Borjomi, chamomile decoction, and also make decoctions from licorice root, coltsfoot, altai, string and other medicinal plants.

For parainfluenza, it is recommended to rinse with a decoction of calendula, eucalyptus and chamomile. When coughing, a compress with boiled potato peels can help.

Prevention

Prevention of ARVI is timely vaccination against influenza, compliance with personal hygiene rules and strengthening the immune system. If a person has a strong immune system, his body will be able to resist such an invasion of respiratory viruses, which will eliminate the development of viral diseases and minimize the risk of bacterial infection.

Source: https://MyTerapevt.com/orvi/simptomy-i-lechenie-u-vzroslyh.html

ARVI: symptoms and treatment in adults (10+ Symptoms and signs)

One of the most common pathologies during the off-season is acute upper respiratory tract infections.

There is not a person who does not list at least some of the symptoms and treatment of ARVI in adults.

Almost every adult gets the flu or other viral diseases on average once a year, and school-age children 2-3 times. Epidemics and pandemics affect up to 30% of the world's population.

Often, not only adults, but also children suffer from colds and flu. However, not all cold medications are approved for use in children. Fortunately, there is a children's form of AntiGrippin from Natur Product, which is approved for use in children from 3 years of age.

Like the adult form of AntiGrippin, it consists of three components - paracetamol, which has an antipyretic effect, chlorphenamine, which makes breathing through the nose easier, reduces nasal congestion, sneezing, lacrimation, itching and redness of the eyes, and ascorbic acid (vitamin C), which is involved in regulation of carbohydrate metabolism, increases the body's resistance.1

The first signs of ARVI in adults

Acute respiratory viral infection occurs due to the entry into the body of viruses that are tropic to the cells of the respiratory epithelium.

There are a lot of them in nature, not all of them have been sufficiently studied. Influenza viruses (A, B, C), adenoviruses, rhinoviruses, coronaviruses, parainfluenza viruses are the most common causes of the disease.

The presence of a specific infectious agent is confirmed by laboratory tests. If the latter have not been carried out, a diagnosis of acute respiratory disease is made.

You can become infected with ARVI from a sick person through airborne droplets: while talking, coughing, sneezing.

The virus affects the body when immunity is reduced due to:

• hypothermia;
• stress;
• improper and insufficient nutrition;
• chronic infections;
• bad ecology.

Pathogenic microflora enters the human respiratory tract, causing inflammation there.

The incubation period can last from several hours to 5-7 days. Its duration is influenced by the type of pathogen, age and condition of the patient’s body.

Depending on the virus and its tropism towards individual cells, the first signs of an acute respiratory viral infection may also vary.

  How to distinguish influenza from ARVI

• Some viruses selectively affect the lower respiratory tract, others infect the epithelium of the nasal cavity or eye area, larynx or pharynx, while others involve cells of the gastrointestinal tract.
• Knowing the location of infections allows it to be correctly diagnosed.
• Regardless of the etiology, the disease always begins acutely.

Typical symptoms of acute respiratory viral infections are:

• fever;
• signs of general intoxication of the body (headache, weakness, fever, pain in muscles and joints);
• runny nose;
• cough, etc.

ARVI symptoms

Let's look at the symptoms of the disease, taking into account the most common viruses:

Infection with influenza A, B, C is expressed in intoxication of the body:

• body temperature rises;
• chills appear;
• dizzy and headache;
• muscles hurt and ache, etc.

According to the severity of the disease, they are distinguished:

• Mild flu. Body temperature 36° - 38°C. Infectious toxicosis is mild or absent.
• Moderate flu. Body temperature is 38.5°-39°C, intoxication is moderate: weakness and headache are noted.
• A severe form of the disease is characterized by an increase in temperature to 40°-40.5°C, dizziness, delirium, convulsions, hallucinations, and vomiting. Complications may occur (encephalitis, serous meningitis, neuritis, etc.) and bacterial complications (pneumonia, otitis media, etc.)

Adenovirus infection

Accompanied by severe catarrhal symptoms: runny nose, sputum released when coughing, swelling and sore throat, conjunctivitis. The tonsils, cervical and submandibular lymph nodes become enlarged.

With this infection, more often than with other acute respiratory infections, the digestive tract is involved in the process. My stomach hurts, my bowel movements become more frequent. Reproduction of adenovirus in the intestinal epithelium leads to the spread of infection and its consolidation in the liver and spleen.

It is characterized by uncontrollable rhinorrhea, accompanied by a dry cough, swelling of the eyelids, and lacrimation.

During the examination, maceration of the skin around the nostrils may be detected, and sometimes there are herpes on the lips; the mucous membrane of the nose and soft palate is slightly hyperemic.

Symptoms of intoxication are usually not present:

• general condition is satisfactory;
• patients may experience slight discomfort;
• slight headache;
• body temperature is often normal or slightly elevated in the first 1-2 days;
• There are no changes in the blood.

A runny nose lasts up to 7-14 days.

When a bacterial infection occurs, complications may occur: sinusitis, otitis media, bronchitis, pneumonia.

Parainfluenza

The larynx is predominantly affected: a rough barking cough, noisy breathing, and hoarseness are noted.

With MS infection, the lower respiratory tract is affected, bronchitis develops, which is often obstructive. The main symptom is an obsessive dry paroxysmal cough. The process may be delayed and have relapses.

  How long is a person contagious with ARVI?

Coronavirus infection

It manifests itself as rhinitis with copious watery discharge from the nose. Fever and symptoms of intoxication are mostly absent.

In severe cases of the disease, intoxication increases, the lower respiratory tract is affected, coughing, shortness of breath, and wheezing appear.

The temperature is wavy in nature, with catarrhal form a runny nose, dry cough, and wheezing appear.

How to treat ARVI in adults

Their appointment is based on the following criteria:

• wide spectrum of action;
• the possibility of combining antiviral and immunomodulatory effects;
• non-toxicity of the drug;
• minimizing side effects;
• lack of viral resistance to the drug;
• affordability.

The main ones are interferons and interferon inducers, which are effective against any form of acute respiratory viral infection.

Among them are amiksin, arbidol, alpharon, influferon, ingaron, cycloferon, kagocel anaferon, ergoferon and others.

It is necessary to start treatment from the first hours of the disease.

If a bacterial infection is added to a viral one, bacterial lysates are prescribed that increase immunity and resist the proliferation of pathogens: IRS-19, imudon, bronchomunal, ribomunil, lycopid, biostim and others.

In addition, symptomatic therapy plays an important role in getting rid of the disease and alleviating its manifestations.

Mucolytic and expectorant drugs are prescribed: (ACC, mucaltin, infusion of marshmallow root, plantain leaves, coltsfoot, bromhexine, ambroxol and others), non-steroidal and local vasoconstrictors (naphthyzin, sanorin, rhinozaline, nazol, noxprey, vizine, etc. .P.)

All medications are taken strictly as prescribed by the doctor. Before use, you must read the instructions.

In severe forms of infection, hospitalization is necessary.

Treatment of ARVI with folk remedies

Mainly used are medicinal herbs and bee products.

Coltsfoot, chamomile, calendula, linden, elderberry, oregano, sage, yarrow, and rose hips relieve inflammatory processes well and have a general strengthening effect on the body. Decoctions for oral administration, solutions for rinsing and inhalation, various tinctures and ointments are prepared from plants.

For example, a mixture of crushed dried rosehips (half a glass), calendula flowers (3/4 cup) and linden flowers and leaves (one and a half glasses), poured with boiling water and infused in a thermos for 2-3 hours, will not only relieve inflammation and make breathing easier, but and will increase immunity and replenish the body with vitamin C.

  Complications of ARVI

Cranberry juice, teas made from the fruits and leaves of blackcurrant and raspberry are the best helpers in the fight against viruses.

The throat and nose are washed with saline solution (one teaspoon per glass of water). You can add a few drops of iodine to it.

If the temperature is not elevated, mustard foot baths are helpful.

For recovery and for preventive purposes, use lemons, oranges, dried apricots, figs, ginger, and honey. Onions and garlic have a bactericidal effect.

The main conditions for treatment are bed rest and drinking plenty of fluids. It is necessary to regularly ventilate the room.

What should not be used for ARVI

One of the most common mistakes when ARVI occurs is prescribing antibiotics. The latter have no effect on viruses. Their use can be justified only if there is no improvement or if symptoms change negatively on days 5-7 from the onset of the disease.

1. You should not eat cold or very hot foods, difficult and long-digesting foods, sausages and smoked meats, and strong alcoholic drinks.
2. To prevent irritation of inflamed mucous membranes, it is necessary to avoid spicy and salty foods.
3. If a bath may be indicated for a beginning cold, then for a full-blown illness the latter can lead to a worsening of the condition and complications.
4. At elevated temperatures, you should not take hot baths or swim in ponds.

Dental treatment is also incompatible with ARVI, since during dental procedures there is a high probability of spreading viruses. Exceptions include emergency situations.

Of course, a patient who is a carrier of the infection should be at home, under a warm blanket or blanket.

When going to work, he not only poses a danger to others, but also damages his health.

Prevention of ARVI in adults

Proper nutrition, regular exercise, dousing and rubbing, walking in the fresh air, and avoiding bad habits will help strengthen the immune system and avoid infection.

No effective and safe vaccines have been created against ARVI. The positive effect of influenza vaccination has been proven.

• The Grippol vaccine protects against influenza and reduces the likelihood of getting ARVI among vaccinated people by 2.4 times.
• ARVI diseases must be taken very seriously.
• Timely treatment, competent consultation with a doctor and strict adherence to all his recommendations will allow you to quickly overcome the unpleasant symptoms of the disease and avoid complications.
• //youtu.be/19UE5DwdXlQ
• 1 Instructions for medical use of the drug AntiGrippin.

There are contraindications. It is necessary to consult a specialist.

Source: https://lor-orvi.ru/zabolevanie/orvi/simptomy-i-lechenie/

Basic principles of treatment of acute respiratory viral infection

The article discusses the basic principles of treatment of acute respiratory viral infection, with emphasis placed on the possibility of preventing secondary bacterial infection.

In Russia, the main burden in the treatment of acute respiratory viral infection (ARVI) (rhinitis, sinusitis, pharyngitis, etc.) falls on general practitioners - general practitioners, internists and pediatricians.

In adults, colds occur from 4 to 6 times a year, in children - from 6 to 8 times a year; Acute respiratory infection is the cause of 40% of cases of temporary disability, and in 30% of cases it is the cause of school absence.

The common cold can be caused by more than 200 types of viruses, but the most common pathogens are rhinovirus, coronavirus, respiratory syncytial virus, or metapneumovirus. It is the virus, damaging the epithelial lining, that creates conditions for the activation of microbial flora (pneumococcus, Haemophilus influenzae, etc.), and viral-bacterial associations arise.

Transmission of infection occurs mainly by contact - through touching contaminated surfaces with subsequent entry into the respiratory tract, and not by airborne droplets, as was previously believed. Sometimes transmission of the infectious agent is possible through household items, toys, linen or dishes.

The incubation period for most viral infections is from 2 to 7 days. The release of viruses by patients is maximum on the 3rd day after infection, sharply decreasing by the 5th day; low-intensity virus shedding can persist for up to 2 weeks. Symptoms caused by colds usually last 1 to 2 weeks.

, and most patients feel better after 1 week. diseases. The vast majority of colds resolve spontaneously. Complications are extremely rare and usually occur in infants, the very elderly with weakened immune systems, and those with chronic illnesses.

Symptoms of ARVI are the result not so much of the damaging influence of the virus as of the reaction of the innate immune system. Affected epithelial cells secrete cytokines, incl.

An increase in nasal secretion is associated with an increase in vascular permeability; the number of leukocytes in the secretion can increase many times, changing its color from transparent to white-yellow or greenish, but this is not a sign of bacterial inflammation.

Principles of treatment of ARVI

The famous aphorism of the Canadian physician Sir William Osler: “The only cure for a cold is contempt” perfectly illustrates the existing possibilities for treating colds [1].

Despite numerous media claims, there is no significant evidence to date that any drug relieves symptoms or shortens the duration of the disease more than others.

In today's saturated pharmaceutical market, the choice of optimal treatment tactics is especially difficult.

Treatment of acute respiratory infection depends on the stage of the disease and includes etiotropic therapy (fighting the virus), symptomatic therapy and measures aimed at preventing and treating bacterial complications (Table 1).

To prevent bacterial inflammation, local antibacterial agents are also used for administration into the nasal cavity in the form of ointments, drops, and sprays. These drugs must act on the main pathogens and be safe for the mucous membrane.

Features of etiotropic therapy for ARVI

Etiotropic therapy is recommended for influenza A (including H1N1) and B in the first 24–48 hours of illness [3]. Neuraminidase inhibitors are effective: oseltamivir (from the age of 1 year) 4 mg/kg/day, inhaled zanamivir (total 10 mg) 2 times.

/day, 5 days [3]. However, it should be remembered that in order to achieve an optimal effect, treatment should be started when the first symptoms of the disease appear; in addition, these drugs do not act on viruses that do not contain neuraminidase.

Antiviral drugs with immunotropic effects (immunostimulants, etc.) do not have a significant clinical effect, and their prescription is inappropriate [5, 6]. The reliability of the results of studies on the effectiveness of the use of immunomodulators for respiratory infections is low.

Contrary to popular belief, systemic antibiotic therapy in the case of an uncomplicated viral infection, prescribed for “prevention”, not only does not prevent bacterial superinfection, but also contributes to its development due to the suppression of the normal flora of the upper respiratory tract, which prevents the proliferation of pathogenic microorganisms.

Symptomatic treatment of ARVI

The leading role in the treatment of respiratory infections belongs to symptomatic therapy.

Adequate hydration helps to liquefy the secretions and facilitate their passage.

Elimination therapy is recommended because it is effective and safe. Injecting saline into the nose 2–3 times a day removes mucus and restores the functioning of the ciliated epithelium [2, 6].

It is recommended to prescribe vasoconstrictor nasal drops (decongestants) in a short course - no more than 5 days.

In order to reduce body temperature in children, it is recommended to use paracetamol up to 60 mg/kg/day or ibuprofen up to 30 mg/kg/day [4, 7, 14]. In adults, acetylsalicylic acid and nimesulide can also be used.

Antitussives, expectorants, mucolytics, including numerous patented drugs with various herbal remedies, are not recommended for use in ARVI due to ineffectiveness [7, 8].

Steam and aerosol inhalations are not recommended for use, since they did not show any effect in randomized studies, and are also not recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) for the treatment of ARVI [9, 10].

Antihistamines have not shown effectiveness in reducing the symptoms of rhinitis and ARVI [11].

Vitamin C does not have a significant preventive effect on the average population, but this effect is observed in people under stress, such as athletes [12].

Recently, systemic decongestants (phenylephrine, pseudoephedrine) and complex preparations containing decongestants (sympathomimetics), antipyretic, analgesic, antihistamine, antiseptic components and ascorbic acid in various combinations have become widespread. These drugs are easy to use and show comparable effectiveness to other drugs in their groups , however, their use is only possible from the age of 12 years (Table 2).

To eliminate dryness, rawness and soreness in the throat, treatment is mainly local and consists of eliminating irritating foods, prescribing rinses with warm alkaline and antibacterial solutions, and using other local symptomatic remedies.

Of particular interest are combination drugs, for example 2,4-dichlorobenzyl alcohol and amylmetacresol in combination with various dietary supplements, to eliminate the clinical manifestations of the disease, capable of relieving discomfort in the throat, and having a pronounced antibacterial effect.

With severe pain in the pharynx, systemic analgesics are often ineffective and are used only as antipyretics. In these cases, combination drugs containing local anesthetics are also used.

They are mainly presented in the form of aerosols and lozenges.

The composition of aerosols usually includes antibacterial (chlorobutanol hydrate, furacillin, sulfanilamide, sulfathiazole, chlorhexidine) components, menthol, camphor, eucalyptus, vaseline, camphor, castor, olive, peppermint, and anise oils. They have local anesthetic, antiseptic, and anti-inflammatory effects. Lollipops have a similar composition (antibacterial component, menthol, oils), reduce pain in the throat and have a deodorizing effect.

Prevention of bacterial complications

Drugs for the prevention of bacterial inflammation in acute respiratory viral infections are prescribed mainly locally; it is advisable to start using them at the final stage (5–7th day) of the disease. For these purposes, rinsing with antiseptic solutions is used (Table 3).

To prevent bacterial inflammation in the nasal cavity, it is advisable to use local antibacterial agents, such as antibacterial ointments containing mupirocin; it is possible to use drops and sprays with antibiotics.

Standing apart among drugs for the prevention of bacterial inflammation in the nasal cavity and pharynx is a drug containing colloidal silver - silver proteinate (Sialor®).

This drug has an astringent, antiseptic and anti-inflammatory effect.

In Russia, a 1–2% solution of silver proteinate has traditionally been used for local treatment of bacterial infections of the upper respiratory tract, eyes, and genitourinary system; in the Soviet Union, silver proteinate has been produced since 1964 in the form of a 2% solution.

Silver proteinate dissociates to form silver ions, which prevent the proliferation of bacteria by binding to their DNA, thus, Sialor® has a bactericidal and bacteriostatic effect on most gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Moraxella catarrhalis , fungal flora, etc. .

The anti-inflammatory mechanism of action of a colloidal silver solution on a damaged mucous membrane is based on the ability to form a protective albuminate film, which occurs due to the deposition of proteins.

All this is especially important for the prevention of secondary bacterial infection during ARVI.

Due to its wide antibacterial spectrum of action and the unique ability to form a protective film on the surface of the mucous membrane, Sialor® has an extremely wide range of indications for use.

This drug is actively used in everyday practice not only for treatment, but also for the prevention of infections of the nasal cavity and nasopharynx in the autumn-winter period.

Therapy with the drug also gives good results for non-infectious inflammatory diseases such as allergic and vasomotor rhinitis.

The solution is prepared immediately before use (200 mg of the drug is dissolved in 10 ml of water for injection), stored at room temperature, and can be used within 30 days after preparation. Inject 1-2 drops 3 times a day into the cleaned nasal passages for children 3-6 years old, 2-3 drops (1-2 irrigations for release forms with a spray nozzle) 3 times a day for children over 6 years old and adults

in each nasal passage. The duration of treatment is 5–7 days [15].

Conclusion

Correct differential diagnosis, assessment of the patient's condition and timely treatment of ARVI, taking into account the stage of the disease and competent selection of drugs, can quickly relieve symptoms and significantly reduce the duration of the disease and the time of disability of patients. Thus, with the proper pathogenetic approach, using 1-2 drugs, you can not only effectively combat the entire symptom complex of respiratory infections, but also prevent the development of their complications.

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Source: https://www.rmj.ru/articles/bolezni_dykhatelnykh_putey/Osnovnye_principy_lecheniya_ostroy_respiratornoy_virusnoy_infekcii/

ARVI: symptoms and treatment in adults quickly and effectively

• ARVIs are acute respiratory viral infections that are caused by more than 200 types of viral pathogens.
• To provide the patient with quality care, the doctor prescribes drugs with a complex spectrum of action.
• Such drugs contain active agents that provide symptom relief and rapid elimination of the disease.
• This article will reveal the symptoms of ARVI and methods of treating this disease in adults.

Symptoms of ARVI in adults

Symptoms of ARVI are:

• chills;
• weakness in the body;
• itchy nose and runny nose;
• chest pain;
• sore and sore throat;
• dry cough, which after a few days turns into a cough with sputum;
• temperature (can be high, but more often it is up to 38C);
• headache;
• aching joints.

Causes of ARVI

1. Influenza viruses. Common influenza pathogens are viruses of types A and B. On the 1-2 day of infection, the first symptoms of the disease appear. A person is sick for seven days. If left untreated, recovery will take longer and be more difficult.
2. Rhinovirus microorganisms that enter the nasal mucosa.

   Rhinoviruses cause a runny nose and are transmitted by airborne droplets. 2-4 days after infection, the first symptoms of the disease will appear. With effective therapy, the patient will be cured within 5-10 days.

3. Adenoviruses A, B, C, E, which cause acute infection of the respiratory tract and eyes.

   When infected with an adenovirus, the body temperature rises, the throat becomes inflamed, and conjunctivitis appears.

4. Parainfluenza is a virus in which the larynx becomes inflamed, laryngitis develops, and then the bronchi become infected. Sometimes the nasal mucosa becomes damaged and a runny nose appears.

   The initial symptoms of parainfluenza appear 2-7 days after infection. Treatment for the disease lasts approximately 7-8 days.

Treatment of ARVI in adults

ARVI is treated in the following way:

1. Bed rest. This is necessary to fight infection and prevent complications of the disease.
2. Drinking plenty of water. Drinking plenty of warm water (3-4 l/day) helps to accelerate the elimination from the body of toxins produced by viruses that poison the entire body. It is advisable that the drink contains vitamin C. This includes rose hips, as well as juices and fruit drinks from cranberries, lingonberries, and oranges. Tea with raspberries, lemon and honey also has a beneficial effect on the body during ARVI.
3. Rinsing the nose. The nasal cavity must be rinsed so that the infection does not spread throughout the body, and rinsing also reduces swelling of the nose and draws out mucus.
4. Gargling. The throat must be gargled to prevent the infection from spreading. Gargling helps relieve cough. Soda-salt solution, decoctions of chamomile, calendula, and sage are suitable for gargling.
5. Inhalation. This procedure is aimed at relieving cough. Among folk remedies, for inhalation you can use steam from jacket potatoes, as well as decoctions of chamomile, calendula, mint and other medicinal herbs. Among modern means, a nebulizer can be used for inhalation.
6. Treatment of ARVI according to symptoms.

ARVI: treatment for adults - drugs are inexpensive but effective

Medicines that are prescribed to adults for ARVI for effective treatment are divided into the following groups:

1. Antiviral drugs that respond to the causative agent of the disease. It is recommended to take medications with interferon, a substance that prevents the proliferation of viral cells.
2. Antibacterial medications. Antibiotics are often prescribed if the disease is caused by bacteria, and for complications (pneumonia, bronchitis).
3. Immunostimulants. These are preparations based on ascorbic acid. Vitamin C affects the production of interferon.
4. Immunomodulators – prevent the proliferation of bacteria, strengthen the immune system. Basically, these are homeopathic preparations based on medicinal herbs.

Inexpensive, effective drugs for the treatment of ARVI in adults are as follows.

Drugs in this category are characterized by antiviral, antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, and antiproliferative effects. Interferon stops the production of viral proteins. There are alpha and beta interferons.

The drug Betaferon is produced based on beta-interferon.

Alpha interferon in its pure form is sold as the drug Grippferon. Available in the form of a spray or drops. Costs 180-260 rubles.

The drug Viferon contains the agents alpha and beta interferons. Available in suppositories, it is used for the prevention and treatment of acute respiratory viral infections and influenza.

Antiviral drugs that stimulate the production of interferon. Known drugs: Immunal, Immudon, Ribomunil, Isoprenosine, Methyluracil.

Immunal is more effective in the treatment of ARVI, since it stimulates the production of white blood cells and increases their ability to phagocytose. As a result, the antibodies produced quickly eliminate the virus.

Synthetic antiviral drugs are often prescribed for the treatment of acute respiratory viral infections.
The most inexpensive and effective: Arbidol, Tamiflu, Remantadine. Drugs in this group are sometimes prescribed for the treatment of acute respiratory viral infections and colds. The most popular: Aflubin, Oscillococcinum, Vibrukol. Thanks to natural active agents, the drugs activate the immune system. The price of Oscillococcinum starts from 350 rubles.

List of drugs for ARVI and their inexpensive analogues

1. Aspirin (antipyretic, anti-inflammatory drug, active ingredient – ​​acetylsalicylic acid). Price: 135-210 rubles. Analogue: Acetylsalicylic acid – 4-14 rubles.
2. Xymelin, Otrivin, DlyaNos (drops, vasoconstrictors, for the runny nose; based on a solution of 0.1% xylometazoline). Price: 110-180 rubles.

   Analog: Galazolin, costs 40-60 rubles.

3. Immunal is a drug that supports the body's defenses. Active ingredient: Echinacea extract. Price: 230-250 rubles. Analog: echinacea tincture, price 60-180 rubles.
4. Ambrobene, Lazolvan – cough medicine. Active ingredient: ambroxol. Price: 280-380 rubles.

   An analogue is Ambroxol: 30-80 rubles.

5. Nurofen is an anti-inflammatory drug. The active ingredient is ibuprofen. Price: 70-140 rubles. An analogue is Ibuprofen: price 25-40 rubles.
6. Panadol is an anti-inflammatory, antipyretic drug. Price: 50-100 rubles. Analog: Paracetamol, costs 5-15 rubles.

7. Arbidol is an antiviral drug with immunomodulatory effects. Strengthens the body's defenses against ARVI and influenza. Price: 110-150 rubles.
8. Viferon - the drug destroys viruses, strengthens the immune system. Active ingredient: interferon alpha 2-b. Price: 120-165 rubles.

9. Kagocel – synthesizes interferon, characterized by antiviral and immunomodulatory effects. Price: 180-280 rubles.

Other inexpensive drugs for the treatment of ARVI

1. Ascorbic acid. It has an anti-inflammatory, antipyretic effect, strengthens the immune system. It is inexpensive - from 9 to 25 rubles. Sold in the form of chewable tablets, sometimes with flavors (raspberry, mint).
2. Cough medications. The most popular is Lazolvan, but Ambroxal and Abrol can replace it.

   The drug Acetal C thins and removes mucus, softens cough. And the most famous and cheapest cough medicine is Mucaltin.

3. Decoctions with medicinal herbs can provide first aid for acute respiratory diseases. This could be a decoction of chamomile, linden, or breast tea. But you definitely need to know whether the patient is allergic to medicinal herbs.

   They will not replace full-fledged drug treatment, but will relieve some symptoms. The price of natural herbs is on average 50-75 rubles.

4. Mustard plasters. Sold in pharmacies, the active ingredient is mustard powder. There are 10-20 sachets in a package. They are used as a local irritant and a distraction for acute respiratory viral infections and other diseases. Price: 40-50 rubles.
5. Steam inhalations.

   It is not recommended to use it in the first days of the disease, because the patient’s condition may worsen. Inhalation in this case spreads the infection throughout the body due to the fact that the steam dilates the vessels of the nasopharynx and respiratory tract. Therefore, harmful bacteria are activated.

   When the patient's condition improves, the doctor may prescribe inhalations as an antiseptic, distracting, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic remedy for ARVI (rhinitis, laryngitis, tracheitis, cough, bronchitis). Do not take inhalations if you are allergic to the active ingredients or have asthma.

   You can do inexpensive steam inhalations at home: take a bowl, pour boiling water into it, add 1-2 drops of eucalyptus essential oil (50-80 rubles), cover your head with a towel, and inhale the steam for an average of 5 minutes. The effect is noticeable immediately - mucus is coughed up and breathing improves.

Video - Treatment of ARVI

Complications of ARVI

If you do not take the necessary measures to treat ARVI, complications can lead to the following diseases:

• Meningitis;
• Otitis;
• Laryngitis;
• Tracheitis;
• Pneumonia;
• Sinusitis;
• Sinusitis;
• Conjunctivitis;
• Neuritis;
• Heart diseases;
• Exacerbation of other chronic diseases.

Thus, when the first symptoms occur, treatment of ARVI in adults can be started independently with the help of medications, gargling, and nasal rinsing. If the temperature lasts longer than 5 days, you should definitely see a doctor, because Serious complications may occur.

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Source: https://virusi-bakterii.ru/orvi-simptomi-lechenie.html

ARVI. Symptoms and treatment in adults with folk remedies, antibiotics, drugs. Forms, types, complications

The abbreviations ARD and ARVI (acute respiratory disease and acute respiratory viral infection) are among the most common diagnoses that can be made by a local doctor or pediatrician when, upon examination of a patient, characteristic symptoms of inflammation of the respiratory tract are observed. Both terms indicate the presence of inflammation that occurs in an acute form in the respiratory part of the human respiratory system.

The development of acute respiratory infections is caused by any infection that can affect the ciliated epithelium of the respiratory tract. The main method of infection is inhalation of air containing an infectious agent. An exception may be an adenoviral infection, for which an oral route of administration is possible (for example, with water).

Acute respiratory infections are widespread in different countries of the world; they affect representatives of different social groups, people of different genders, ages, and races. They account for a third of the total annual incidence. For example, on average per year, adults get sick with the flu or other acute respiratory infections more than twice, schoolchildren or students 3 or more times, and children attending preschool institutions get sick 6 times.

The difference between acute respiratory infections and acute respiratory viral infections is the key cause that caused the disease. In the case of ARVI, it is a viral infection. The list of main causes of respiratory diseases most often includes the following:

• Hypothermia;
• Bacterial infection (including chronic);
• Viral infection;
• Allergic reaction to the action of foreign substances.

The separation of ARVI from the group of respiratory diseases is primarily due to the difference in the pathogenesis and treatment of these diseases. However, according to many authors, ARVI accounts for about 90-92% of morbidity in the structure of acute respiratory infections.

What is ARVI?

This disease is caused by the penetration of a viral infection into the body, which affects the mucous tissues of the respiratory system.

Acute respiratory viral infection means:

• acute - the course of the disease is associated with pronounced symptoms: inflamed tissues of the nasopharynx, trachea, and throat secrete mucus, increased sneezing, sore throat, sore throat, lacrimation;
• respiratory – the respiratory organs are affected: throat, nose, larynx, sinuses, lungs and bronchi;
• viral – occurs when the body collides with various strains of viruses: parainfluenza, influenza, rhinoviruses;
• infection - the disease is contagious and easily passes from person to person in the usual way through the air.

First, the disease manifests itself in the nose, trachea, and throat. If the symptoms are ignored by the sick person or the immune system is weakened, the infection descends into the lower respiratory tract, affecting the lungs and bronchi. The disease is very common throughout the world.

More often it affects children, infants, the elderly and people whose body's defenses are reduced. Preschoolers and primary schoolchildren have up to 10-15 visits to pediatricians per year regarding ARVI. Adults have stronger immunity and the body is able to fight off infection, so the disease manifests itself less frequently and is milder.

Prevention of ARVI

It will be much easier to prevent the consequences of ARVI than to later treat the disease and restore the body after the illness.

Prevention of ARVI includes the following measures:

• from the very beginning of the epidemic, you should wear a mask that will protect your respiratory tract;
• if you had to visit a crowded place or use public transport, then upon arriving home you need to rinse your nose with a saline solution;
• hypothermia should be avoided;
• to strengthen the immune system, you need to eat healthy food containing essential vitamins;
• You need to regularly ventilate the room and follow hygiene rules.

Of course, all these preventive measures will not completely protect against colds. But they can reduce the severity of the disease and the negative consequences for the body.

Causes of the disease

The main cause of ARVI infection is the penetration of viruses into the respiratory tract. When certain factors are combined, viruses freely penetrate the body, and in the absence of an immune protective response, the mechanism of the acute phase of the disease is triggered.

There are up to 200 different types of viruses in the air that regularly attack humans. Also, several times a year there are outbreaks of ARVI (epidemics) when the morbidity threshold increases and the chances of becoming infected are very high. Recently, viruses have begun to mutate, swine and chicken flu have appeared, and cases of pandemics are not uncommon.

Specific reasons leading to the development of a cold are:

• contact with a sick person;
• failure to comply with hygiene rules (hand washing);
• reduced immune response of the body;
• poor unbalanced diet;
• avitaminosis;
• anemia;
• presence of chronic diseases;
• exposure to stress.

All these factors increase the likelihood of contracting ARVI. In these cases, the virus, penetrating the human body, does not encounter barriers to reproduction and spreads throughout the body.

Causes of ARVI

More than 90% of acute respiratory viral infections are caused by a viral infection.

The cause of ARVI is the entry of viruses (parainfluenza, adenoviruses, rhinoviruses, reoviruses) into the body. People with weakened immune systems are especially susceptible to colds.

  Features of the course, symptoms and treatment of kidney diseases

Factors contributing to infection:

• hypothermia;
• children under 5 years of age;
• frequent stress;
• avitaminosis;
• failure to comply with personal hygiene rules;
• seasonality (autumn-spring);
• chronic diseases.

At home, you can increase the body's resistance to infections. A person accustomed to cool air develops the ability to resist colds. The apartment should not be too hot, the optimal temperature should be 20-21C. If there is dry, hot air in the house, the nasopharyngeal mucosa begins to dry out, which reduces resistance to viruses.

It has been proven that adults are more susceptible to ARVI in a state of nervous tension. Stress can affect the activity of the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract in such a way that favorable conditions are created for the proliferation of viruses.

Risk factors

Anyone can get ARVI, but there are categories of people who are more susceptible to colds.

This:

• infants;
• preschoolers;
• schoolchildren (especially under 10 years old);
• cancer patients (decreased immune defense due to chemotherapy);
• people with chronic diseases that negatively affect the immune system (hepatitis, colitis, thyroid disease);
• people with heart disease (failure, cardiosclerosis);
• people with lung diseases (ac src=»https://healthperfect.ru/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/orvi-simptomy-i-lechenie-u-vzroslyh-3.jpg» class=»aligncenter» width= "600″ height="398″[/img]

In these groups of people, the disease can occur in a more severe and prolonged form and have a negative continuation - the development of complications (pneumonia, otitis, sinusitis).

Difference between ARVI and influenza

Influenza is a viral infection that, by all criteria, is suitable for inclusion in the ARVI group. In fact, influenza is a special case of ARVI. Why, then, is it isolated separately from the group of respiratory viral diseases?

Doctor's advice

Viruses die at temperatures above 38 degrees, so if you feel tolerable, you should not take medications to lower your temperature unless it is more than 38.5.

It is better to endure the initial symptoms of ARVI by lying in bed with hyperthermia than to use aspirin, paracetamol and other drugs.

Victoria Druzhikina Neurologist, Therapist

The influenza virus is one of the most studied, as it attracts the attention of scientists all over the planet. Every year, its outbreaks claim the lives of millions of people, and during the First World War, human losses from influenza exceeded losses from military operations.

The influenza virus is more aggressive than other infections from the ARVI group. It enters the blood and damages the vascular wall, reduces the blood's ability to clot, and inhibits the body's immune defense. Deaths from influenza are mainly associated with hemorrhage in the lungs or brain and severe bacterial complications.

Thus, the severe course, relatively high mortality and extreme infectiousness removed influenza from the ARVI group. Special anti-influenza drugs have been developed that prevent the virus from entering cells and have proven effectiveness.

Influenza is the only respiratory viral infection against which an active vaccine has been developed to date.

Every year, the composition of the vaccine is changed in accordance with the expected type of influenza virus according to WHO. Vaccination is indicated for all pregnant women, children, chronically ill people and people with immunodeficiencies (including HIV-infected people).

ARVI is a large group of viral infections that proceed in a similar way, and only influenza stands out significantly among them in its severity. People of all ages, nations and segments of the population suffer from ARVI.

Humanity is still no closer to discovering effective ways to treat and prevent the disease. Treatment of ARVI and influenza is mostly symptomatic and aimed at preventing the development of complications. The infection itself is acute and goes away completely within a week. To prescribe treatment, seek advice from an experienced therapist.

• This article has been verified by a current qualified physician, Victoria Druzhikina, and can be considered a reliable source of information for site users.
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