Runny nose in a 2 year old child: what are the causes and treatment approaches

The child’s immature immunity makes itself felt at the slightest opportunity. Children's noses often snot, lowering their quality of life and sometimes causing serious illnesses. Discharge can appear for various reasons and have different consistency and color. That is why it is important to know how to treat a runny nose in a 2-year-old child in a specific case.

First aid

Rhinitis is an inflammatory process of the nasal mucosa, accompanied by increased secretion.

In a state of health, there is also snot. By producing them, the mucous membrane creates a protective barrier against pathogenic microorganisms. But these are liquid, transparent short-term discharges. If the consistency, duration changes, turbidity and color acquire, we can judge the course of the pathological process.

A severe runny nose causes a lot of discomfort to the child - nasal congestion, decreased appetite, and poor sleep. As a result, irritability and moodiness increase. As the inflammatory process spreads, body temperature may rise, weakness and decreased activity may occur.

Causes of snot:

• viral, bacterial infections;
• exposure to allergens;
• hypothermia or overheating;
• drop in the body's defenses;
• deviated nasal septum;
• getting a foreign object into the nose.

Some children start attending kindergarten (nursery) at the age of 2, and this is a lot of stress. Parents complain about constant discharge, but as soon as the adaptation period ends, the child’s snot goes away.

There is no need to treat snot directly – it is the body’s natural defense. It is important to determine the cause of their appearance and act on it.

Effective treatment of a runny nose in children 2 years old begins with creating favorable conditions for recovery:

• the air temperature in the room should be within 18–20 °C, humidity – 50–70%;
• constant ventilation, daily wet cleaning;
• walks in the open air;
• plenty of drinking regimen (at least 1 liter of warm liquid - tea with lemon, rosehip decoction, currant compote);
• easily digestible food;
• taking vitamin C.

In addition, the emotional state of the little patient is important - the more positive his attitude is, the faster the body can cope with the disease. Therefore, you need to distract the baby, play with him, and protect him from stressful situations.

  The baby has a stuffy nose, but there is no snot flowing

It is necessary to carry out the procedure correctly - the baby, in a sitting or standing position, should tilt his head to the side in the opposite direction from the nostril into which the solution will be instilled (sprayed). The same is done with the second side. After the manipulation, be sure to blow your nose well or suck out the mucus.

You can rinse more effectively (the most important thing is that the child is comfortable). To do this, you need to place your head over the sink with a slight tilt (as for washing). Inject the solution into one nostril, gradually increasing the pressure. Liquid should flow from the second nostril along with snot and pathogenic microorganisms. Repeat the same with the opposite side.

The main advantage is that you don’t have to be afraid to exceed the dosage - no harm to your health can be caused. However, it is worth considering that rinsing is carried out only if there is no pain in the ears.

Inhalations

An equally safe method of treating a runny nose in a two-year-old child is inhalation. Modern nebulizers spray the medicine in the form of an aerosol, which promotes deep penetration and uniform distribution throughout the mucous membrane.

Inhalations with saline solution or mineral water from Borjomi and Essentuki (gases are released first) will help your child quickly cure a runny nose. If the mucus is thick, it is important to ensure its removal. In this case, inhalations with Ambrobene are prescribed, which are pre-diluted with saline solution.

If the baby is bothered by frequent snot, then in the room where the child is, you can place a vessel with hot water and a few drops of essential oil of eucalyptus, fir, pine (in the absence of allergies).

Application of drops

Sometimes a child’s runny nose cannot be eliminated using safe methods. If congestion is severe, the doctor may prescribe vasoconstrictor medications. Such drugs do not cure, but only temporarily relieve swelling. They require strict adherence to dosage and terms of use (3–5 days). Longer use can be addictive, provoke atrophy of the mucous membrane, ozena (fetid rhinitis). From the age of two, some drugs can be used in the form of sprays (you need to read the instructions) - Nazivin, Rinostop.

Pinosol oil drops, which have a natural composition, can cope with a runny nose.

After determining the etiology of rhinitis, the appropriate groups of drugs are prescribed - antihistamines (Cromohexal), antivirals (Euphobrium compositum), antibacterial.

Antibiotics are indicated as a last resort, provided:

• high body temperature (>38.5 °C) for more than 3 days;
• rhinitis lasts longer than a week;
• the snot turned yellow and green;
• signs of otitis, adenoiditis.

Children of two years of age are allowed to use the drugs Isofra, Polydex (they contain phenylephrine, a vasoconstrictor, so there is no need to use additional drops).

Other effective remedies

It is possible to quickly cure a runny nose in a child aged 2 years only with an integrated approach to the problem. In addition to drug therapy and the creation of favorable conditions, physiotherapy (magnetic and laser therapy, electro-, iontophoresis, ultraviolet insolation) will be beneficial for a speedy recovery.

The use of antiseptic drugs allows you to eliminate the infection, clean the nasal passages, and dry the mucous membrane (Miramistin, Protargol). They require compliance with the dosage and timing of therapy.

Locally irritating ointments (Zvezdochka, Doctor Mom) can relieve nasal congestion. Pharmaceutical companies offer a wide selection of runny nose patches that are soaked in essential oils (Dyshi, Sopelka). They facilitate nasal breathing and have pronounced antispasmodic, bactericidal, and antiseptic effects.

As for traditional medicine recipes, experimenting on a child is not recommended. The immaturity of the immune system causes the body to react unpredictably to any substance.

It is strictly forbidden to use nasal drops based on vegetable juices, since they are an ideal environment for the growth of bacteria. The juices of garlic, onion, aloe, and Kalanchoe can cause injury - a burn to the mucous membrane.

The safest are herbal decoctions that are used for rinsing the nose (calendula, chamomile, St. John's wort, string, oak bark).

In the absence of an adequate response to therapy, surgical intervention is performed - puncture of the maxillary sinuses (to remove accumulated snot and normalize air circulation). Sometimes it is necessary to rinse the nasal cavity with antibiotic solutions in a clinic setting (the so-called Cuckoo).

  Why nosebleeds occur in adults and children: reasons

Komarovsky's opinion

Many parents know Dr. Komarovsky and most listen to his opinion. Evgeniy Olegovich recommends not resorting to the use of medications at the first symptoms.

In most cases, a runny nose can be quickly treated at home - it is enough to maintain optimal temperature and humidity in the room, a balanced diet, plenty of fluids, and routine. Be sure to rinse your nose with saline solution at least 5-7 times a day.

In order to moisturize the mucous membrane, prevent it from drying out and forming crusts, oils (peach, sea buckthorn, olive) or preparations Tocopherol, Retinol are used.

Body position during sleep is also important - you need to raise the head of the bed, put a pillow so that the child sleeps almost half-sitting.

How long does the disease last?

The duration of the disease directly depends on the timeliness of identifying the cause and following the doctor’s instructions. With a properly selected treatment regimen, a runny nose in a 2-year-old child will go away within a week.

If after this time there is no relief, the doctor changes the tactics (laboratory and instrumental studies may be needed).

Situations often arise in which parents take their baby’s rhinitis lightly, and the disease easily becomes chronic, which is much more difficult to cure.

Parents can begin treatment for a runny nose in a two-year-old child on their own by rinsing the nasal passages with saline solution, moisturizing inhalations, and creating favorable conditions for recovery.

If after 3 days there is no improvement, you should definitely consult a doctor to avoid serious complications. Treatment of rhinitis in children is based on complexity.

Parents must take this process with full responsibility.

Source: https://nasmorka.ru/simptomy-lechenie/kak-lechit-nasmork-u-dvuhletnego-rebenka

Treating a runny nose in a child: tips for quick treatment

No mother can sleep peacefully while her child is sick. A runny nose in children is a fairly common occurrence, and its duration will depend on proper and prompt treatment. You can relieve your child of a stuffy nose using drops, ointments, inhalations, heating and folk recipes.

Runny nose and its causes

A runny nose is an inflammation of the nasal mucosa. Most often, rhinitis is not an independent disease, but a symptom of ARVI, colds, other viral diseases or allergies.

The appearance of a large amount of mucus is a protective mechanism that helps fight infection. Mucus contains substances that effectively fight the virus. But provided that the discharge is not thick. And dried mucus becomes an excellent place for microbes to multiply.

The main causes of a runny nose in a child:

• Viral diseases (colds);
• Hypothermia, especially in the autumn-winter period;
• Infectious diseases;
• Temperature changes;
• Trauma to the nasal cavity;
• Exposure to allergens on the body;
• The presence of a foreign object in the nasal passages.

Since children's immune systems are not as strong as those of adults and do not always protect against viruses, children are more likely to get runny noses. Any temperature change or communication with peers in kindergarten can lead to rhinitis.

Signs of a runny nose

In the first hours of the disease:

• the baby complains of a burning sensation in the nose, discomfort in the throat;
• starts sneezing;
• The nasal passages are gradually formed.

Then the child becomes capricious, the temperature rises and mucus appears. The baby sleeps poorly, refuses to eat, and behaves restlessly.

Useful tips

There are simple tips that will help cure rhinitis faster:

• Give your child plenty of fluids;
• Constantly ventilate the room;
• Do daily wet cleaning;
• Humidify the air;
• Avoid contact with dust, smoke, strong odors;
• Do not overheat the baby.

It is important to teach your child to blow his nose correctly, closing each nostril in turn. If the child is too small to blow his nose on his own or with your help, then use nasal aspirators to mechanically cleanse the passages of mucus.

There are aspirators:

• In the shape of a pear with a soft tip, for example, from Nubi, Chicco. Their price is low, about 100 rubles, and they are equipped with a special attachment to prevent injuries to the mucous membrane.
• Mechanical in the form of a tube, from the companies “Otrivin-baby”, “Physiomer”. They cost more, around 200-450 rubles, but they remove mucus better.
• Electronic aspirators. They are effective in suctioning out mucus, but their price can reach up to 5 thousand rubles. Manufacturers: “Koklin”, “Clean Nose”.
• Vacuum aspirators are very bulky and noisy.

Stages of rhinitis

There are 3 main stages:

• Stage 1 is short, but the most rapid. There is a burning sensation in the nose, sneezing and vasoconstriction.
• Stage 2 – lasts up to 3 days. The vessels dilate, the child’s mucous membrane becomes red and swells, and mucus is released abundantly.
• At stage 3, the condition improves, breathing through the nose improves, but the mucus becomes thicker.

• Classically, a baby’s runny nose lasts up to 7 days, but with good immunity it goes away in 3-4 days.
• Try to prevent complications from occurring and start treatment for rhinitis on time.
• 

Traditional treatment methods

How to treat a runny nose in a child?

• First, it is advised to clear the nasal sinuses of mucus. The child needs to blow his nose properly, or use a special aspirator to rid his nose of mucus.
• Then rinse your nasal passages throughout the day. It is made using water with salt, infusions of chamomile or sage, with moisturizing drops based on sea water - Aqua Maris or Otrivin.
• If a runny nose is caused by a viral infection, it is treated with interferon drugs, for example, Grippferon (an antiviral drug).
• If the swelling does not go away, then children's rhinitis is recommended to be treated with herbal preparations, for example Pinosol with eucalyptus and pine oil. Or drops with a vasoconstrictor effect are used - Nizivin, Naphthyzin, Otrivin. Such drops are used only when absolutely necessary.
• For allergic rhinitis, antihistamines are used, for example, Vibrocil (can be given to children up to one year old).

To make breathing easier during sleep, soak a cotton swab or cloth in essential oils of mint or eucalyptus and place it next to your child's bed.

Inhalations will be a very useful remedy for rhinitis in your baby. Boiled water with 2-3 drops of essential oil (eucalyptus, sage, fir) is poured into a special device - a nebulizer, using the appropriate nozzles.

For older children, inhalation can be done over steam over a saucepan or using an inhaler.

Treatment with folk remedies

Despite the many antiviral and vasoconstrictor drugs for children, the use of traditional recipes should not be ruled out. They are safe for a child’s mucous membranes, time-tested and help quickly remove a runny nose.

Here are the most effective of them:

Grate the beets and squeeze out the juice. 2 drops of the product are instilled into each nasal passage. Repeat up to 4 times a day.

Mix half a spoon of garlic juice and water. Add a little honey and instill it in the baby.

An equal amount of onion juice and water is mixed with honey and dripped 3-4 times a day.

Rinse your nose with decoctions of chamomile, sage or calendula.

Take sea buckthorn oil and calendula juice. Apply to cotton swabs and place in your sinuses for 20 minutes.

• Warming up the sinuses

Cool the salt or boiled egg heated in a clean frying pan, put it in a cotton or linen bag and apply it to your nose.
Important: the salt or egg should be warm, not hot, so as not to burn the baby’s nose.

Perform inhalations over herbal decoctions, essential oils, and boiled potatoes.

Thanks to the phytoncides they contain, they are good for treating viral runny nose. Make 5-6 cuts on a head of garlic or take half an onion and let them inhale the steam.

Conclusion

A runny nose brings a lot of discomfort to the child; the baby sleeps poorly, eats poorly and is capricious. Start treating a runny nose from the appearance of the first symptoms: rinse and clear your nose of mucus, give plenty of fluids, ventilate the room and humidify the air. If necessary, use plant-based drops, sprays or ointments, or follow the advice of traditional medicine.



Source: http://nasmorku-net.ru/nasmork-u-detey/lechenie-detskogo-nasmorka/

How to treat an incipient runny nose in a child effectively

Attention to children's health is always increased. Such a seemingly common phenomenon as nasal congestion should not be left without proper treatment.

When a baby's nose can't breathe, he doesn't want to play, eat or sleep. You have to breathe through your mouth, and this is completely uncomfortable. Whims begin, and there is a danger of worsening the condition.

Therefore, it is recommended to resolve the question of how to treat an incipient runny nose in a child without delay.

Sometimes parents immediately decide to stuff their child with pills or buy drops as soon as a runny nose begins, without understanding the nature of its occurrence. Rhinitis has a different nature; it can be caused by a cold, allergies, and sometimes physiology.

Urgent treatment is not required in all cases, since mucus secreted within reasonable limits is necessary for the proper development of the child's respiratory system. Therefore, it is better not to make an independent decision on how to cure congestion, but to seek help from a pediatrician; if necessary, he will prescribe remedies that cure quickly.

How to stop the course of the disease? With the help of medications or traditional methods, the choice is made based on tests, examination, personal contraindications, genetics and the general condition of the little person.

How can you tell if your child has a runny nose?

It is not difficult to understand how a runny nose begins if you are able to recognize the main signs. The harbingers of incipient rhinitis are often lethargy, weakness and bad mood.

The baby is capricious, he doesn’t want to play, and his usual favorite dishes are not pleasing. There is a burning sensation and congestion, a headache may occur, and the temperature may rise.

These signs vary or may not appear at all, depending on the type of rhinitis and its severity.

Towards the end of the course of rhinitis they turn white. Often the body temperature rises to 37–37.5 degrees, the inside of the nose swells, and it becomes difficult for the little patient to breathe.

Food cannot be tasted or smelled either, so children usually lose their appetite at this time.

For newborns, the onset of rhinitis is dangerous because the nasal passages are greatly narrowed, they cannot eat mother's milk or formula from bottles. In addition, shortness of breath occurs, and they do not gain weight well during this period of time.

Usually, an incipient runny nose can be cured in 2-3 days with the right approach to it. If the immune system is not yet particularly strong, this condition can last up to 7 days.

How to treat a developing runny nose

It is important to know how to treat an incipient runny nose, the main proven folk and medical methods.

Their choice depends on the condition of the children and on the fact that the baby cannot yet complain of being unwell, while older children are quite capable of describing their condition.

For example, a child after three years old can easily blow his nose on his own without resorting to help. This is inaccessible to a baby. Proven tips will tell you how to quickly cure a runny nose.

1. Do not panic and do not give your baby medications without the consent of a specialist. Discharge and inflammation can go away as quickly as they appeared.
2. Create an air humidity of about 60–70% in the room. An air humidifier, placing a wet towel on the radiator, and constant wet cleaning are suitable for this. This microclimate will allow you to quickly clear your nose of accumulated mucus.
3. Moisten the nasal mucosa with saline solutions - Aquamaris or sodium chloride (0.9%). You can make your own saline solution at home, following the proportions.
4. Clean the nose with cotton swabs and drip aloe juice. Kalanchoe juice is recommended for older children.
5. Consult your doctor for advice. Pediatricians often prescribe drugs such as Otrivin Baby, Interferon.
6. Use warm foot baths with mustard or a decoction of medicinal herbs and aroma lamps (pine, juniper, fir), eucalyptus inhalations. Use a blue lamp. Wear warm socks at night. All these procedures can have a beneficial effect on the circulatory system. Warming the active points on the feet has a therapeutic effect on the ENT system of the body.
7. If there are no other contraindications, continue walking in the fresh air in warm weather.
8. Drink plenty of fluids to avoid dehydration and intoxication of the body.
9. Raise your baby's pillow while sleeping so that mucus can come out freely at night.

Medicines

Parents should understand how to effectively treat their child’s just beginning runny nose. Medicines should be given only as prescribed by a doctor and in cases where a small body cannot fight the disease on its own. Since the appearance of sniffles is not a dangerous disease, they may well go away without the use of drops, aerosols and tablets.

A little person’s immunity is capable of fighting off an infection or virus on its own. However, the comfortable conditions listed above should be created for children. The disease is not dangerous, but creates discomfort. If there is concern that rhinitis is getting worse and becoming more serious, you should seek medical help.

If necessary, the pediatrician will prescribe medications, including:

• Aquamaris - contains sea water, which allows you to cleanse the sinuses and disinfect the mucous membrane. The medicine is recommended from the first days of life, usually instilled two to three times a day, one drop into each nostril. Available in the form of a spray or drops. Drops are recommended for infants, since their nasal septums have not yet formed, they can be damaged or become infected using the spray. The drug has been tested and is safe;
• Aqualor Baby is a preparation containing sea water. In addition, it contains potassium, selenium, zinc and magnesium. These substances help boost immunity. Promotes hygiene, not only heals, but also prepares the mucous membrane for the use of other medications. Release drops and spray. When using Aqualor as a nasal rinse, you need to have the child tilt his head to the side, then the solution will flow out freely, or ask him to blow his nose at the end of the procedure;

• Nazol Baby - vasoconstrictor drops, effectively reduce swelling. The medicine is prescribed with caution; Nazol Baby cannot be instilled for more than three days. The drug is contraindicated for cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Causes nervous overexcitation in case of overdose.
• Otrivin Baby is a saline solution that moisturizes the nasal mucosa and increases local immunity. It is usually used daily, one or two drops, there are no contraindications, the medicine can be used from infancy.
• Vibrocil - constricts blood vessels and softens the mucous membrane due to the lavender oil included in the medicine. Helps cope with sniffles, all components of Vibrocil are natural, there are no contraindications. The choice is drops, gel and spray (after 5 years).

Traditional methods of treatment

Sometimes folk remedies for getting rid of sniffles will cope with the problem much better than medications.

The choice of method of therapy is still up to the pediatrician; folk remedies are treated with attention, since some of them can cause allergies or burns. Typically, instillation of infusions of medicinal herbs, warm compresses, and inhalations are used.

The concentration of infusions and the choice of medicinal plant are agreed with the doctor, since not all of them are suitable for an early age. Among the tested means are the following:

• Kalanchoe juice has an anti-inflammatory effect and causes rapid mucus separation;
• Onion juice is specially prepared. Dry the peeled parts of the onion in a frying pan to make it soft, add vegetable oil and leave for half a day. Then filter, the tincture is ready;
• beetroot or garlic juices are diluted with water 1:1 before use;
• use of ready-made oil infusions for inhalation. The composition usually contains chamomile, mint, fir, sage, etc. Add half a teaspoon of soda per glass to inhalation mixtures;
• warm compresses - heated salt is placed in bags and applied to the sinuses. Boiled warm eggs are used for the same purpose;
• warming chest compresses - boiled hot potatoes are pounded, placed in a bag, covered with a towel. They hold it on the baby's chest for half an hour.

Undoubtedly, nasal congestion and runny nose are an unpleasant occurrence for both adults and small family members. Rhinitis can start at any time. Children's sniffles are treated with special attention for several reasons.

A little person sometimes cannot yet explain what is bothering him; without treatment, other illnesses are likely to develop. When a baby has difficulty breathing, his development slows down, he does not want to eat, play or walk.

These processes are the most important components of its growth and development.

Relieving nasal congestion does not always require medication. Sometimes it is enough to create the necessary conditions to stop rhinitis and use safe, proven folk remedies. It is important that all manipulations should be performed only under the supervision of a pediatrician.

Source: https://nasmork.one/mamy-deti/kak-lechit-nachinajushhijsja-nasmork-rebenka/

Rhinitis in children

Rhinitis in children is a polyetiological disease characterized by the development of local inflammatory changes in the nasal mucosa. Rhinitis in children is manifested by nasal congestion and difficulty in nasal breathing, discharge from the nasal passages, sneezing, loss of smell, a feeling of pressure in the nose, and headaches. Diagnosis of rhinitis in children involves examination of the child by an otolaryngologist or allergist, anterior rhinoscopy, and laboratory (cytological, virological, bacteriological) tests of a smear from the nasal cavity. Treatment of rhinitis in children includes removal of mucus, instillation of vasoconstrictor solutions, inhalation, and physical therapy.

Rhinitis in children is an acute or chronic inflammatory disease of the nasal cavity, leading to disruption of free nasal breathing. Rhinitis is the dominant pathology of the ENT organs, accounting for 28–30% of all diseases of the upper respiratory tract in children.

In preschool children, there are from 4 to 9 episodes of rhinitis per year.

Frequent or chronic incidence of rhinitis negatively affects the child’s psychomotor development and educational success, increases the risk of developing otitis media, sinusitis, bronchial asthma, pneumonia and other complications.

Considering the prevalence and medical and social significance of inflammatory diseases of the nasal cavity in childhood, solving this problem is the focus of increased attention from various disciplines: pediatrics, pediatric otolaryngology, allergology, pulmonology.

Rhinitis in children

Rhinitis in children can be either an independent pathology of viral, bacterial or allergic origin, or one of the manifestations of various infections (influenza, parainfluenza, adenovirus infection, measles, whooping cough, scarlet fever, diphtheria, meningococcal infection, etc.).

Rhinitis in children is caused mainly by coccal flora (streptococcus, pneumococcus, staphylococcus, Friedlander's bacillus) or filterable viruses (influenza A, B, C, parainfluenza, adenoviruses, rhinoviruses, Coxsackie and ECHO viruses, respiratory syncytial viruses). Less commonly, the development of rhinitis in children is associated with atypical (mycoplasma, chlamydia, legionella) and specific bacterial microorganisms (causative agents of gonorrhea, tuberculosis), fungi.

The mucous membrane of the nasal cavity is the first and most important barrier that blocks the penetration of microorganisms into the respiratory tract. Normally, bacteria and viruses are adsorbed by mucus secreted by secretory cells of the nasal mucosa and then removed by the ciliated epithelium.

Environmental changes (cold or dry air, dust, irritating odors, general hypothermia) cause the failure of the protective functions of the mucous membrane.

Violation of local protection leads to the penetration of the virus into the cells of the mucous membrane, the release of its nucleic acids from the protein shells, intracellular maturation and reproduction, followed by exit from the dying cell. At the next stage, the bacterial flora joins.

With chronic rhinitis in children, persistent infiltration and degeneration of the mucous membrane develop, and with a long course - its hypertrophy or atrophy.

Predisposing factors that reduce the protective functions of the nasal mucosa and cause the development of rhinitis in children can be adenoids, tonsillitis, latent sinusitis, a foreign body in the nasal cavity, exudative-catarrhal and lymphatic-hypoplastic diathesis, vaccination, etc.

Allergic rhinitis in children is an IgE-mediated inflammation caused by exposure to various allergens (animals, dust, pollen, food, etc.).

The development of vasomotor rhinitis in children is facilitated by a deviated nasal septum, nasal polyps, adenoids, long-term use of vasoconstrictor nasal drops, etc.

factors against the background of which a disorder of neurovegetative and endocrine regulation, vascular neurosis and microcirculatory disorders in the nasal mucosa develops.

Rhinitis in children varies in form (acute or chronic), etiology (infectious, allergic, traumatic), course (seasonal, paroxysmal, constant). The development of acute rhinitis in children goes through three stages:

1. stage of irritation - characterized by nasal congestion, dryness, swelling and hyperemia of the mucous membrane;
2. serous - accompanied by a sharp violation of the patency of the nasal passages, profuse rhinorrhea, lacrimation, sneezing, signs of conjunctivitis;
3. stage of mucopurulent discharge - characterized by thickening and gradual decrease in mucopurulent discharge.

Certain types of chronic rhinitis in children are:

• simple catarrhal
• hypertrophic (vascular (cavernous), edematous, fibrous, polypous and mixed forms; diffuse and limited options)
• atrophic (simple, ozena (fetid runny nose)
• vasomotor (allergic and neurovegetative forms)
• allergic

The most severe acute rhinitis occurs in newborns (especially premature babies) and infants, which is associated with the predominance of general symptoms and frequent complications.

The narrowness of the nasal passages and the small vertical size of the nasal cavity leads to the fact that even with a slight swelling of the nasal mucosa, nasal breathing becomes sharply difficult or stops. With rhinitis, infants experience “volatile” breathing - the child breathes shallowly and frequently.

Sucking becomes difficult or impossible, sleep is disturbed, anxiety arises, and body temperature rises.

With prolonged and severe difficulty breathing, hypoxia develops, which causes a slowdown in psychomotor development.

A significant narrowing of the nasal passages forces the child to tilt his head back to facilitate breathing - the so-called false opisthotonus occurs, characterized by tension in the large fontanel and convulsions.

Due to the tendency of infants to generalize any inflammation, acute rhinitis in them may be accompanied by pharyngitis (rhinopharyngitis), complicated by stomatitis, otitis, dermatitis of the nasal vestibule, retropharyngeal abscess, dacryocystitis, tracheobronchitis and bronchopneumonia.

In older children, acute rhinitis develops quickly. Initially, there is a sensation of tickling, burning and scratching in the nasal cavity.

Further development of the disease is characterized by nasal congestion, copious mucous discharge, sneezing, lacrimation, decreased sense of smell, a feeling of pressure in the bridge of the nose, and headache.

The constant flow of mucus irritates the skin of the vestibule of the nose and upper lip, accompanied by redness and the formation of painful cracks.

Impaired drainage of the nasal cavity during rhinitis contributes to the addition of bacterial flora and a change in the nature of the mucous discharge - it becomes cloudy, yellowish-greenish. At the same time, the children’s condition improves: general symptoms subside, the amount of discharge decreases, and nasal breathing improves. All manifestations of acute rhinitis in children usually subside by 7-8 days.

There are constant mucous or mucopurulent discharge, periodic disruption of nasal breathing, alternate blocking of one and then the other half of the nose.

When mucus flows into the nasopharynx, the child experiences an obsessive cough or vomiting.

Chronic hypertrophic rhinitis in children is accompanied by constant and pronounced difficulty in nasal breathing, headache, decreased hearing and sense of smell, voice disturbance due to closed rhinolalia, increased fatigue, and decreased performance of the child at school.

Vasomotor rhinitis usually occurs in school-age children and occurs with periodic disruption of nasal breathing, profuse rhinorrhea, bouts of sneezing, and lacrimation.

This form of rhinitis in children is characterized by paresthesia, increased sweating, redness of the face, tachycardia, and paroxysmal headaches.

Typically, attacks of a runny nose are provoked by nervous tension, temperature fluctuations and other irritants.

Atrophic rhinitis in children is relatively uncommon and usually occurs in the form of ozena, or fetid runny nose. A typical sign of ozena is the presence of rough crusts in the nose that emit a specific, extremely unpleasant odor. Due to anosmia, patients themselves do not perceive the bad odor emanating from themselves.

Other symptoms of atrophic rhinitis include painful dryness in the nose, impaired nasal breathing, the presence of viscous discharge that is difficult to blow off, and nosebleeds.

Due to atrophy of the bone walls of the nasal cavity, deformation of the external nose with flattening and retraction of the bony part of the dorsum (“duck nose”) may be observed.

The primary diagnosis of rhinitis in children is carried out by a pediatrician; To determine the form of the runny nose and treatment tactics, consultation with a pediatric otolaryngologist is necessary.

With allergic rhinitis, children should be examined by an allergist-immunologist.

For differential diagnosis and choice of etiotropic treatment, the results of rhinoscopy for a child are of greatest importance; data from a cytological, virological or bacteriological examination of a nasal smear; immunological blood tests. Endoscopy of the nasal cavity usually reveals narrowing of the nasal passages, stagnant blood flow and swelling of the mucous membrane, mainly in the area of ​​the inferior nasal concha.

To exclude sinusitis, radiography of the paranasal sinuses may be required; to exclude nasopharyngitis - pharyngoscopy. If necessary, endoscopic biopsy and histological examination of a biopsy sample of the nasal mucosa are performed.

For acute rhinitis in children, mainly symptomatic treatment is indicated.

Toilet of the nasal cavity is carried out (suction of mucus from infants, softening and removal of crusts), irrigation therapy (rinsing the nasal cavity with an isotonic solution), endonasal instillation of vasoconstrictors and antiviral drugs, irrigation (pulverization) of the nasal cavity with antiseptics, inhalations. Distraction therapy (cupping, mustard plasters, mustard foot baths) has a good effect on rhinitis in children.

According to indications, antipyretic, antihistamine, immunocorrective, antiviral or antibacterial drugs of local and general action are prescribed.

Physiotherapy methods for rhinitis in children include OKUF therapy, UHF, endonasal electrophoresis, ultraphonophoresis, and paraffin treatment.

Treatment of infectious and allergic rhinitis in children can be carried out using homeopathic medicine. In this case, the selection of drugs and their dosage is carried out by a pediatric homeopath.

When treating chronic rhinitis in children, first of all, it is necessary to eliminate the cause of the disease, and therefore the child may require surgery on the structures of the nasal cavity and pharynx (adenotomy, submucosal resection of the septum, ultrasonic disintegration, cryodestruction of the hypertrophied mucous membrane of the nasal turbinates, submucosal vasotomy , conchotomy, resection of turbinates, septoplasty, etc.). For vasomotor rhinitis in children, intranasal blockades with hydrocortisone and novocaine are indicated; specific hyposensitization, magnetic therapy, IRT, laser and electroacupuncture.

Treatment of rhinitis in children should not be carried out uncontrolled, since prolonged or unreasonable use of drugs can cause the development of an atrophic process, an allergic reaction, paresis of the nasal vessels, and a “medication-induced” runny nose.

Prevention of rhinitis in children includes a set of measures that include eliminating the influence of harmful factors, timely treatment of concomitant infections and ENT pathologies, hardening procedures and restorative exercises, nutritious nutrition, and maintaining an optimal indoor climate.

Source: https://www.KrasotaiMedicina.ru/diseases/children/rhinitis

How to cure a runny nose in a two-year-old child

Excessive mucus formation in the nose, congestion and sneezing are the main symptoms of a runny nose. In children of the first years of life, it occurs especially often, since at this time immunity is formed, and the body learns to respond adequately to irritants.

A runny nose is not an independent disease. This is just a symptom, a manifestation of the underlying disease. Most children recover safely within a few days, but this does not mean that parents should not think about how to cure a runny nose in a child.

The basic rule in treating a runny nose in children 2 years old is to consult a doctor in a timely manner.

At the first symptoms of a cold, you should show your baby to a doctor and give medications only as prescribed.

The general principles of therapy are to provide symptomatic care and eliminate the root cause of the runny nose. It is also necessary to organize comfortable living conditions for the child, helping to shorten the period of illness.

• Air temperature and humidity. To prevent pathogens from multiplying, the room temperature should be maintained at 18-22 degrees and humidity at 55-65%. In such conditions, bacteria and viruses do not have the opportunity to survive outside the human body, which greatly reduces the likelihood of infecting loved ones and causing a secondary infection.
• Ventilation. The more often you ventilate the room in which the child is located, the better. While windows and doors are opening, the baby should be taken out of the room and should not be exposed to drafts.
• Cleansing the nasal passages. You should not allow mucus to stagnate in the nose, as this creates favorable conditions for the growth of bacteria. Modern aspirators and devices for suctioning snot will help the mother quickly and effortlessly clean the baby’s nose. It’s good if the baby already knows how to blow his nose. This must be done correctly, alternately closing the nostrils and blowing out the mucus with moderate force.

Symptomatic therapy

You can start treating a runny nose in a 2-year-old child, if it is not possible to urgently see a doctor, using symptomatic means. The main medication that parents should always have on hand is an antipyretic.

For young children, it is best to give it in syrup form. Safe and proven medications are Paracetamol and Ibuprofen, as well as their structural analogues. They must be given to the child in an individual dosage, calculated in accordance with body weight.

Nasal drops, presented in a wide range on the pharmacological market, also provide a symptomatic effect. Most of them are vasoconstrictors.

These must be used strictly according to the instructions. Antibacterial, antiseptic and antiviral medications can be given to the baby only after the nature of the runny nose has been established. If the symptoms are caused by allergies, then such drugs will not help.

Vitamin C can be used for symptomatic treatment. It causes regeneration of the mucous membrane, increases local and systemic immunity, and also has a detoxifying effect.

Vasoconstrictors

Vasoconstrictors will help quickly eliminate the symptoms of a runny nose. A child under 2 years of age should be given them only in the form of drops.

For children who have crossed this age limit, many manufacturers produce the medicine in the form of a spray. The attitude of doctors towards them is ambiguous.

Source: https://pneumoniae.net/kak-lechit-nasmork-u-rebenka-2-let/

A runny nose in a 2 year old child - how to treat it and what to do if it doesn’t go away? / Mama66.ru

A runny nose is a condition where clear fluid flows from the nose. Over time, the mucus becomes thicker and changes color. If your baby snores in his sleep, constantly rubs his nose and sneezes frequently, this may be evidence that he has developed rhinitis.

In the absence of adequate treatment, a child’s runny nose develops quite quickly, and it can cause serious complications, for example, otitis media or sinusitis. A runny nose in a child should be treated immediately, using various types of remedies.

Causes of a runny nose in a baby and accompanying symptoms

Seeing their baby with a sniffling nose, most mothers and fathers do not pay attention to it, since snot is a common phenomenon and there is no point in fighting it. However, a runny nose can be a symptom of a more serious illness than a seasonal cold. Read more about childhood colds→

Before starting treatment, it is necessary to establish the cause of the runny nose:

1. Allergic reaction. This type of rhinitis occurs due to the fact that allergens enter the nasal mucosa, which provoke the appearance of a runny nose. At the same time, clear, white mucus flows from the baby’s nostrils, the child often sneezes, scratches his eyes and nose. With this type of rhinitis, an allergist chooses a remedy for the runny nose for treating children.
2. Decreased immunity. If a child has recently suffered a serious illness, his immunity needs to be strengthened. In this case, snot may be a consequence of a decrease in the body's protective functions.
3. Narrow nasal passages. This feature is observed in children under the age of one year. If an older child has a constantly stuffy nose, you should immediately contact an ENT specialist.
4. Diseases of infectious origin. Some infections make themselves felt by the appearance of a runny nose. First, the child’s nose begins to run, and literally a few days later a high fever appears. Inflammation of the tonsils, swollen lymph nodes, and ulcers in the mouth are characteristic of acute tonsillitis, lymphadenitis, or infectious mononucleosis.
5. Flu or any other cold-related illness. Hypothermia or a simple viral illness almost always begins with the appearance of snot. To prevent your child from getting even more sick, a runny nose must be treated as soon as it appears.
6. Stress. Children have a very fragile psyche. Any quarrel with parents or peers can negatively affect the child's health. If your baby sleeps poorly, is capricious, behaves restlessly, and suddenly has a runny nose, it is recommended to consult a pediatrician and neurologist. One doctor will treat a runny nose, and the other will stabilize the child’s nervous system.
7. Pathologies of the respiratory system. If a runny nose and cough in a two-year-old child occurred almost simultaneously, then perhaps the cause was a pathology of the respiratory system. For example, bronchitis or pneumonia. Bacterial pneumonia, as a rule, occurs against the background of a prolonged runny nose; it can occur without an increase in body temperature. The main symptoms are thick snot and cough. It is extremely difficult to diagnose such a disease on your own; consultation with a specialist is necessary.

Treating a runny nose at home

Doctors recommend not delaying treatment of a runny nose, even if it occurs due to a seasonal cold.

However, if the trip to the ENT specialist had to be postponed indefinitely, there are home methods:

1. Cold drops. For children two years old, preparations of natural origin are necessary. You can buy them freely at any pharmacy. The main thing is that the product is suitable for the baby’s age. Most nasal drops have a vasoconstrictor effect and are not suitable for long-term use. As a rule, such products are used in the first 2-3 days from the moment the snot appears. Then you need to move on to rinsing the nasal mucosa with sea water.
2. Inhalations. The procedure is carried out using an inhaler. If there is none, it is recommended to use a warm solution with the addition of essential oils or herbal decoction. However, this method is used only if the child does not have pain or congestion in the ears.
3. Special ointments with a warming effect.

Traditional methods for treating children

Traditional medicine methods will tell parents how to cure a runny nose in a two-year-old child; they can quickly correct the situation and significantly alleviate the condition of a sick child.

The main folk methods include: 

1. Rinsing the nasal mucosa. As a rule, it is carried out using a saline solution; it is easy to prepare. Add a spoonful of sea salt to a glass of boiled water and stir thoroughly. Regular table salt, which is always in the kitchen, will also work. It is recommended to rinse your nose every half hour. The first procedure will be painful for the baby, so he needs to be mentally prepared for it. After rinsing your nose with saline solution, drop a few drops of Vaseline oil into each nostril; it will soften the mucous membrane and moisturize it.
2. Herbal teas. It is necessary to provide the child with bed rest and ensure that he drinks plenty of fluids. Warm teas with chamomile infusion, as well as sea buckthorn, raspberry and currant jam are good options. They contain a high concentration of vitamin C, which strengthens the immune system.
3. Warming up the feet. Add a few tablespoons of mustard powder to warm water. Mix everything and put the child's feet in there. The procedure should be completed when the child’s feet turn red. After warming up, you need to put warm socks on your baby’s feet and put him to bed.
4. Aromatic baths. A warm bath with a few drops of fir and eucalyptus oils will replace inhalation.

The last two points are valid only in the absence of fever.

Possible complications of a runny nose

Often a severe runny nose in a child ends in serious complications. Simple rhinitis can develop into:

• otitis media or inflammation of the auditory nerve, which in some cases leads to loss of hearing acuity;
• purulent sinusitis;
• chronic rhinitis, in which snot will constantly bother the baby;
• pneumonia. If a child spends a lot of time in a lying position, then excess mucus, which is replete with bacteria, accumulates in his lungs, thereby causing inflammation;
• sore throat Often, snot that appears can provoke inflammation of the throat or even trachea. In this case, along with a runny nose, the baby develops a sore throat.

If nasal discharge does not go away for more than two weeks, you should definitely consult a doctor for help. You should not hesitate to visit the doctor even if pus, mucous discharge with blood, or thick green snot is flowing from the nose of a two-year-old child.

Children, like no one else, need care and attention. Even a common runny nose should not go unnoticed by parents. An abundance of excess mucus in the nasal passages is often just the first sign that a child is sick. If a prolonged runny nose is not treated, it will inevitably lead to complications, which are unlikely to be eliminated in a short time.

Veronika Polyakova, especially for Mama66.ru

Source: https://mama66.ru/detskie-bolezni/nasmork-u-rebenka-v-2-goda