Nodes in the prostate gland: what are they and what types of nodes are there?

As a result of this, their uncontrolled growth and formation of a tumor node occurs. We will talk in more detail about the types of tumors that arise in the prostate gland and the methods of their treatment in our article.

What are prostate tumors?

The predominant part of cancerous tumor nodes is formed in the peripheral parts of the prostate gland; in every fifth case, the lesion develops in the transition zones, and in every tenth - in the central zone.

Adenoma

At the initial stage of the disease, patients may experience an increase in the number of urges and uneven urine flow. To empty the bladder, you have to make additional efforts, straining the abdominal wall.

The second stage is characterized by increasing difficulty in completely emptying the bladder, gradual protrusion of its walls and the formation of diverticula in which residual urine accumulates. Its amount increases over time and can reach 500 ml or more.

At the last stage of adenoma development, the tone of the muscular walls of the bladder continues to decrease, the amount of residual urine increases, which begins to be released involuntarily in small quantities. A particularly dangerous manifestation of the disease at the third stage is acute urinary retention.

What methods are used to treat adenoma?

In advanced cases, treatment of prostate adenoma is carried out through surgery. Modern techniques allow surgical operations to be performed with minimal trauma to the skin and internal tissues.

The prognosis for benign tumor formations is favorable.

Stages and symptoms of the development of malignant tumors

In medical practice, it is customary to divide the process of development of cancer tumors into four stages:

At the first stage	A node or several nodes form in the tissues of the prostate gland, the capsules of which have not yet grown into nearby tissues.
At the second stage	The tumor-like formation spreads to the entire organ, with possible single metastasis to nearby lymph nodes.
Third stage	It begins when a tumor node of the prostate gland grows beyond its boundaries and gives many metastases in the lymphatic system.
At the fourth stage	A malignant neoplasm spreads to all nearby organs and tissues and metastasizes throughout the body.

The first symptoms of cancer are similar to those of a developing adenoma. Patients note a disturbance in the process of urination; emptying the bladder may be accompanied by pain. Aching pain may also appear in the perineum and sacrum. If the growth of the node occurs towards the rectum, disturbances in the act of defecation are noted, constipation develops, and a feeling of incomplete bowel movement appears.

A tumor that grows along the seminal vesicles compresses the ureters, leading to the development of renal failure. Symptoms of local metastases may include swelling of the external genitalia and legs. In the presence of metastases in the bones, intense pain appears.

Treatment methods

Treatment can be carried out surgically (radical or palliative operations) or through the use of hormonal, radiation or chemotherapy.

Radical surgery involves complete removal of the prostate gland, part of the urethra, seminal vesicles, tissue surrounding the prostate and pelvic lymph nodes.

This method is quite effective in the early stages, when the tumor has not yet spread beyond the organ.

However, it is used in only 5% of cases due to the high invasiveness of the intervention, the elderly age of the patients and the presence of concomitant diseases.

Hormone therapy for prostate cancer is aimed at reducing testosterone levels. Under the influence of hormonal drugs, the metabolic processes of testosterone by glandular cells are disrupted, which causes their atrophy and further death. As a result, the tumor stops growing and may even decrease in size.

Before starting the course, the patient's testicles are removed. A week after castration, the patient is given large doses of estrogens. The medication should be continued until urinary problems disappear.

After the main course is completed, maintenance therapy is prescribed (estrogen should be taken in small doses for a long time).

If hormonal treatment is carried out in the first and second stages, the five-year survival rate ranges from 45 to 70%.

Unlike the two previous methods, radiation therapy does not have such a negative effect on the circulatory system and blood clotting ability.

Treatment involves radiation to the cancerous tumor. It reduces the risk of metastases and slows down the growth of atypical cells.

Quite often, radiation therapy is used in conjunction with medications.

The prognosis for malignant prostate tumors depends on the stage at which the disease was diagnosed. The vast majority of tumors can be detected before they spread beyond the organ. If cancer can be detected at this stage and provided there are no metastases, almost all patients can live 5 or more years.

In later stages, the likelihood of survival decreases. Some patients, after successful therapy or surgery, may experience relapses - re-development of tumor nodes both in the prostate and in other organs.

In this case, treatment methods may be used that differ from those used to eliminate primary tumors.

Source: https://kaklechitprostatit.ru/lechenie/uzly-v-predstatelnoj-zheleze.html

Nodular prostatic hyperplasia

Prostate diseases occupy the first position among diseases of the male genitourinary system and can take on various forms. Among benign tumors, adenoma is the most popular. The disease is associated with the proliferation of tissues of the glandular organ and the formation of areas of compaction; other well-known names for this pathology are diffuse, adenomatous or nodular prostatic hyperplasia.

Signs

A visit to a doctor is usually due to urinary problems.

A man is worried about frequent night trips to the toilet, changes in the characteristics of the urine stream, the urge to urinate often turns out to be false, and after emptying the bladder there is no feeling of complete emptying.

Since profound changes in the organs of the urinary system are associated with degenerative processes and weakening of smooth muscles, tension occurs in the abdominal and pelvic floor muscles.

These symptoms appear early in the disease and cause a lot of discomfort. Later, as the disease progresses, kidney complications appear, urination becomes painful and complex treatment is required to eliminate the consequences of the pathological process.

Diagnostics

Detection of diffuse nodular hyperplasia in the early stages is the main task of routine examinations, which men are recommended to undergo every year.

In most cases, the disease is diagnosed already at stages 2-3, when there are significant diffuse growths and functional impairments.

The examination plan has developed a set of necessary measures that help establish the source of the problem and the depth of the pathological process.

To diagnose benign prostatic hyperplasia (hereinafter BPH), the following is used:

1. PSA or PSA test. Prostate specific antigen is produced by gland cells, the norms of its content depend on the age-related activity of the prostate. Changes in level and concentration indicate increased activity of the prostate gland, which is most often associated with hyperplastic changes.
2. A rectal examination gives an idea of ​​the consistency and size of the prostate. With benign hyperplasia, especially in the later stages, nodular formations of increased density are determined while maintaining the structure as a whole. The proliferation of tissue leads to an enlargement of the prostate gland compared to the norm.
3. Ultrasound diagnostics (ultrasound), which is carried out by rectal and abdominal methods, allows you to determine the size of the gland, the number and size of nodules, as well as the degree of pathological changes in the organs of the genitourinary system.
4. Changes in the urination process are effectively monitored using uroflowmetry. Estimation of speed, volume, filling is carried out using connected devices.
5. Computer methods are used to deeply study the anatomical and functional state of the prostate gland, which makes it possible to examine each nodule, and most importantly, it is possible to assess the degree of deviation from the norm and the depth of pathological changes.
6. Histological studies are necessary to differentiate malignant and benign growths. Taking material using a biopsy is a complex and traumatic method, but eliminates the risk of developing oncological pathology and makes it possible to determine what a node on the prostate means.

All diagnostic methods are aimed at identifying the degree of development of nodular prostate adenoma; they are needed to select adequate treatment.

Types and stages

Hyperplastic changes in prostate tissue can be benign or malignant:

1. Oncological pathology is characterized by changes in the morphological structure of cells, and proliferation is accompanied by a significant loss of the functional abilities of the gland. Malignant tumors are distinguished by their ability to spread through the blood and lymph throughout the body, causing metastases in distant organs.
2. Benign tumors are caused by hyperplastic processes, when cells begin to actively grow and multiply, leading to an enlargement of the organ. The changes are diffuse in nature, that is, they occur throughout the prostate, and the initial manifestations lead to the appearance of areas of active growth - nodules. The node in the prostate gland gradually increases and the functional activity of the organ decreases. The disease is known with names - stromal glandular prostatic hyperplasia, nodular or glandular hyperplasia. All these definitions reflect the essence of the pathological process and are forms of benign changes that occur in the prostate gland during adenoma.

The stages of focal dysplasia show the degree of disorders of the urinary system:

• Stage 1 is characterized by moderate manifestations of changes in the nature of urination, slight increases in nighttime diuresis. Hyperplastic activity is compensated by the increased energy of other organs and does not cause severe discomfort. This stage is determined during routine diagnostic examinations and can last for many years. The symptoms resemble most pathologies of the genitourinary system, and with timely diagnosis they can be successfully treated.
• Stage 2 is characterized by an increase in functional disorders of urination, which leads to a significant increase in night trips to the toilet, the stream of urine becomes intermittent, and straining to empty the bladder is accompanied by painful sensations. The size of the hyperplastic growths puts pressure on nearby organs, and the first signs of renal failure appear.
• Stage 3 in most cases should mean that nodular diffuse changes in the prostate gland have become global. The bladder is almost constantly under pressure, the ureters are dilated, and large volumes of primary urine accumulate in the kidneys. Congestion leads to the development of complications from the genitourinary system. The danger of this stage lies in the formation of renal failure, the acute manifestations of which are life-threatening.

The main task of preventive examinations is to prevent progression, since hyperplasia, nodular or diffuse, leads to cessation of the functioning of the urinary organs. The best way to avoid complications is to identify the disease in the early stages, when it is still possible to do without surgery.

Treatment

After diagnosis, a decision is made on the choice of treatment method.

Since changes affect nearby organs, timely treatment is aimed not only at maximizing the functionality of the prostate gland, but also at reducing the functional load on the organs of the genitourinary system as a whole. The choice of method depends on the examination data; the doctor decides how to treat hyperplastic changes in each specific case.

Drug therapy

The choice of drug therapy depends on the pathogenesis of the development of hyperplasia. Two groups of drugs have maximum effectiveness:

• Alpha-blockers have no effect on benign tumors, but by relaxing smooth muscle fibers they facilitate urination and promote bladder emptying. The drugs prolong the course of stage 1, slowing the progression of nodular hyperplasia.
• 5-alpha reductase inhibitors affect the processes of testosterone activation, reduce the energy of the cellular structures of the prostate gland and slow down the development of the tumor.

Other drugs or a combination of drugs from different groups are also used in drug therapy and help in the treatment of nodular hyperplasia.

Surgery

The decision to perform an operation is made on the basis of diagnostic data, depending on the stage and severity of symptoms of nodular hyperplasia. The development of complications, the impossibility of urine outflow, the increase in signs of renal failure, the formation of secondary infectious processes are grounds for carrying out one of the types of surgical intervention.

Surgical operations involve either complete removal of the prostate gland or the elimination of diffuse changes. The choice of method depends on the man’s age and the condition of the gland.

Modern medical capabilities make it possible to perform an operation using the endoscopic method, remove hyperplastic growths using a laser and other low-traumatic techniques.

It all depends on the stage and the presence of contraindications from other systems.

Help from folk remedies

It is quite difficult to talk about the effective treatment of nodular hyperplasia using traditional medicine methods. The disease is amenable to drug therapy only in the early stages, and the progression of hyperplastic changes requires surgical intervention. Traditional methods in this situation can only cope with the symptoms of adenoma and slightly alleviate the man’s condition.

Whichever method of alternative treatment is chosen, it should be understood that the main methods lie in the field of official medicine. Any of the traditional methods provides assistance as an adjuvant, in consultation with the attending physician.

Popular remedies from the arsenal of traditional medicine:

1. Flaxseed oil, which is recommended to drink 1-2 tablespoons, has a mild diuretic effect and improves motor function of the bladder.
2. Onions, in any form, have bactericidal activity, and when treating hyperplastic changes, it is often necessary to eliminate inflammatory diseases associated with congestion in the urinary system.
3. Fir needles, infused with alcohol or in the form of an oil tincture, help eliminate congestion, fight pathogenic microflora, and have diuretic properties.

There are currently no folk remedies that slow down the development of nodular prostatic hyperplasia with scientifically proven effectiveness.

Prevention

Preventive measures are always a reliable way to protect against pathologies of the genitourinary system in men. Compliance with the main recommendations of urologists on maintaining a rational lifestyle reduces the risk of developing hyperplasia and helps preserve men's health for many years:

1. Routine examinations at least once a year make it possible to detect the disease in the early stages.
2. Timely treatment of inflammatory diseases of the genitourinary system is one of the main preventive measures. The development of pathogenic microflora and the development of adhesive processes provokes hyperplastic reactions in the prostate.
3. Regular sex life reduces the risk of prostatitis, one of the provoking factors in the development of adenoma.
4. Getting rid of bad habits, in particular, drinking alcoholic beverages, will protect against circulatory disorders in the pelvis, and this factor is the best prevention of stagnant processes.
5. Steroid hormones, which young men use to build muscle mass, pose a great danger. Hormonal imbalances lead to changes in the cellular activity of the prostate gland and provoke the formation of nodular hyperplasia.
6. For preventive purposes, a man needs to stop eating fatty foods, salty, pickled, smoked foods, and avoid processed foods and overly spicy seasonings.

The identified pathology requires adherence to a special diet.

Nutritional features and diet

Dietary nutrition for prostate adenoma is associated with the need to minimize the load on the kidneys and maintain their functional abilities.

Usually one of the diet options is prescribed, number seven:

• restrictions apply to the consumption of legumes, meat and fish broths, white bread and confectionery, baked goods, and sweets;
• You should completely avoid salted, smoked, canned foods, processed foods and fatty foods;
• in case of prostatic hyperplasia, a ban on chocolate, coffee, tea is imposed;
• the principle of gentle processing must be observed. Dishes are steamed, boiled, stewed;
• the amount of protein with nodular hyperplasia decreases, and protein foods should be supplied in the most processed form;
• with adenoma, drinking alcoholic beverages and smoking is completely prohibited;
• the amount of fluid must be controlled by measuring diuresis and not exceeding the obtained values ​​by more than 300 ml;

Improving the function of the urinary system and reducing the severity of symptoms depends on compliance with the principles of dietary nutrition for hyperplasia, nodular or any other benign form of the disease.

Doctor of the highest category, Candidate of Medical Sciences, Diploma in General Medicine, Russian State Medical University named after. N. I. Pirogova (2000) Experience 17 years

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Source: https://kisstyle.ru/predstatelnaya-zheleza/adenoma-prostaty/uzlovaya-giperplaziya-predstatelnoj-zhelezy/

Everything you need to know about prostate nodules

A prostate nodule is a hard, knuckle-like area on the prostate gland. It may have no symptoms or may cause bladder infections and chronic pelvic pain. There are several causes of prostate nodules, including prostatitis and prostate cancer.

The prostate gland is part of the male reproductive system. It is about the size and shape of a walnut and is located just below the bladder and in front of the rectum.

The prostate helps produce sperm, which carries sperm from the testicles through the penis during ejaculation.

In this article we will look at the causes, symptoms and diagnosis of prostate nodules.

What is a prostate nodule?

A prostate nodule may be a benign growth.

A prostate nodule is a hard area that may appear on the prostate gland. It is raised and strong and feels like a knuckle on a finger.

• A prostate nodule may be cancerous and, as a result, should be checked by a doctor.
• A person with a prostate lump may be referred to a specialist and will have a biopsy, where a piece of tissue is removed and sent for further tests.
• Nodule vs tumor

A nodule or tumor on the prostate gland essentially means the same thing - abnormal growth. However, a "nodule" is considered a benign growth, whereas a "tumor" is more often used to refer to cancer.

If a person is confused by the terms used by their doctor, they should ask for clarification, as this may help them better understand their health.

Causes

There are several reasons why a person may develop a prostate nodule. These include:

Prostate cancer

Prostate cancer occurs when cells in the prostate gland begin to grow uncontrollably. Almost all cases of prostate cancer are of a type known as adenocarcinoma.

Other, rarer types:

• sarcomas
• small cell carcinoma
• neuroendocrine tumors
• transitional cell carcinoma

Prostate cancer is the most common form of cancer in men in the United States. It is estimated that there will be 161,360 new cases of prostate cancer and 26,730 deaths from prostate cancer in 2017.

1. Older men are more likely to develop prostate cancer, with 6 out of 10 cases occurring in men aged 65 or older.
2. However, not all prostate nodules are cancer, and they can be caused by a number of other conditions.
3. Prostatitis

Prostatitis is an inflammation of the prostate gland, often caused by a bacterial infection. About half of all men suffer from prostatitis at some point in their lives. It does not increase the risk of other prostate diseases.

There are four different types of prostatitis:

• Acute bacterial prostatitis , which is caused by a bacterial infection and occurs suddenly. This is the least common type, but is the easiest to diagnose and treat with antibiotics. Symptoms include chills, fever and urine in the blood.
• Chronic bacterial prostatitis , which is also caused by bacteria. Often the only symptom is a bladder infection. It is treatable with antibiotics, but can be recurrent or chronic.
• Chronic prostatitis , also known as chronic pelvic pain syndrome, is the most common type of prostatitis and can come and go without warning. Symptoms include pain and discomfort in the groin and bladder, which can be treated with anti-inflammatory drugs or alpha blockers.
• Asymptomatic inflammatory prostatitis , which does not have any symptoms and often does not require treatment. This type of prostatitis is usually discovered during tests for something else.

Prostate stone

This is the presence of stones in the prostate, often called prostatic stones. Doctors believe they form either from discharge from a thickening of the prostate or from pus and other debris pooling together during an infection.

A prostate stone can be associated with chronic prostatitis and often has similar symptoms. The presence of stones can lead to inflammation of the prostate gland, which stops urine leaving the body and can lead to a bacterial infection.

Other causes of prostate nodules include:

• infarction, an area of ​​dead tissue caused by loss of blood supply
• abnormalities in the rectum, such as hemorrhoids

Diagnostics

The doctor will ask about the person's symptoms and medical history and may take a urine sample for testing.

The standard way to examine the prostate is a digital rectal examination. The doctor will insert a lubricated, gloved finger into the rectum to feel the prostate. The test takes 10 to 15 seconds.

A digital rectal examination will allow the doctor to feel the presence of a prostate nodule.

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test

The PSA test checks for elevated levels of PSA in the blood, which is a protein produced by the prostate. Elevated PSA levels in the blood may be a sign of prostatitis, enlarged prostate, or prostate cancer. However, some other non-medical factors can also raise PSA levels.

Biopsy

If the doctor has any concerns about prostate cancer, they will refer him to a urologist for a prostate biopsy. Samples from several areas of the prostate will be taken and tested. Treatment will be decided based on the results.

Forecast

Prostate cancer can affect 1 in 7 men during their lifetime.

The outlook for a man with a prostate nodule will depend on the cause of the nodules and the man's health.

If the cause of the nodules is prostatitis or prostate stones, it is often treated with antibiotics or other medications. In rare cases, it can be treated with surgery.

If the prostate nodule is cancerous, it will be treated using prostate cancer treatments. The outlook for men with prostate cancer varies depending on their age, the stage of the cancer and their overall health.

Although it is a serious disease, most men diagnosed with prostate cancer do not die from it. Prostate cancer affects approximately 1 in 7 men during their lifetime. There are currently approximately 2.9 million men with prostate cancer in the United States.

In addition to physical treatment, it is important that people with prostate cancer seek support from those around them, including family, friends, healthcare providers and support groups.

The prostate changes over time

Passing urine more frequently than usual and decreased urine flow are symptoms that may require medical attention.

The prostate tends to grow as men age. An enlarged prostate can put pressure on the urethra and make it difficult to urinate. This requires medical attention.

The risk of prostate problems increases with age. The most common prostate problems are inflammation, prostate enlargement, and prostate cancer. However, the presence of one problem does not directly lead to another.

Symptoms requiring medical attention include:

• passing urine more frequently than usual
• I urgently need to give urine
• decreased urine flow
• burning sensation when urinating
• have to get up many times at night to urinate

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• Metastatic Prostate Cancer: What You Need to KnowProstate cancer occurs when prostate cells grow uncontrollably. Metastatic prostate cancer means that the cancer has spread beyond the prostate gland to other parts of the body. Symptoms may include bone pain, weight loss and fatigue. Learn more about treatment options, treatment side effects, and the outlook.
• Prostate Cancer Surgery: Types and What to Expect In this article, we'll take a closer look at the types of surgeries used to treat prostate cancer, as well as what to expect during and after the procedure.
• Can women get prostate cancer? Women do not have a prostate the same way as men. They do, however, have skene glands, often called the female prostate, which have many similarities to the prostate. Female prostate cancer is extremely rare. Learn about the functions of the skene glands and learn more about prostate cancer in women here.
• Is there an alternative to a prostate biopsy? A prostate biopsy is used to check for prostate cancer. There may be some disadvantages, such as discomfort and the possibility of inaccurate results. We'll look at three alternative options that can help diagnose prostate cancer without a biopsy: enzyme tests, MRI, and watchful waiting. To learn more.
• What You Need to Know About Reactive Lymph NodesReactive lymph nodes occur when nodes swell in the body, usually due to infection or injury. Symptoms include swelling, heat and tenderness. Treatment depends on the cause. Find out more here.

Source: https://medicalnews.ru/vse-chto-vam-nuzhno-znat-o-uzlah-prostaty/

Features of the course of nodular prostatic hyperplasia

Nodular prostatic hyperplasia is one of the types of adenoma, which is a focal growth of prostate tissue, which has various clinical manifestations depending on the location and growth rate of the node.

The leading symptom of hyperplasia is considered to be the so-called lower urinary tract syndrome.

General characteristics of the nodal form

Issues of diagnosis and treatment of patients with lower urinary tract symptoms are firmly strengthening their position in urological practice. Benign prostatic hyperplasia causes chronic pelvic pain in men over 45 years of age.

Nodular prostatic hyperplasia, in contrast to the diffuse form, manifests itself with various signs, depending on the location of the lesions.

A node with hyperplasia can form in the following anatomical areas:

• the central zone covering the urethra;
• anterior lobe;
• posterior lobe adjacent to the rectum;
• lateral lobes;
• under the capsule on the surface of the gland.

The process of formation of benign growth of prostate tissue is inevitable and begins at the age of 45-50, but not all men resort to surgical treatment. Common diffuse forms progress quickly, require taking medications, and often the adenoma has to be removed. Localized nodular forms may be asymptomatic.

Nodular prostate adenoma may not appear for a long time if the pathological area is located in the capsule area. The farther from the prostatic part of the urethra the hyperplasia node in the prostate is localized, the later the clinical picture of the disease will appear.

Symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia are caused by the pressure of the node on the urethra. As the disease progresses, difficulty urinating becomes the leading symptom.

• The diffuse form of prostate adenoma is the spread of the tumor process throughout the entire gland, so the clinical manifestations of this type appear already in the early stages of the disease in the form of gradual difficulty urinating.
• The nodular form of the tumor process represents the formation of a focus in a strictly defined anatomical region of the gland: under the capsule, in the middle lobe, in the left or right lobes.
• The diffuse nodular form of adenoma is a combination of a widespread process, when a certain part of the gland is uniformly involved in the pathology, and a localized one, when there are clear areas of damage in the form of nodes.
• The following classification of pathology in men is generally accepted:

• Stage 1 or compensated variety. The functions of the bladder are not impaired, urine completely leaves its lumen, false urges and increased frequency of urination are observed. Compensatory thickening of the lower part of the muscle layer is determined
• Stage 2 or subcompensation is described by significant disturbances in the functioning of the bladder, in which after emptying 50 ml of urine or more remains, since the muscle layer can no longer cope with the load caused by the narrowing of the lumen of the urethra;
• Stage 3 or decompensation is described by the inability to urinate normally and impaired renal function due to impaired urine flow.

Severe symptoms of hyperplasia are observed in older men, while patients from 45 to 60-65 years old have a moderate or mild clinical picture of the disease, which is due to the significant compensatory capabilities of the bladder.

Prostatic hyperplasia during histological examination is noted in the initial stages already at the age of 45-50 years, as an inevitable process. However, symptoms of difficulty urinating, sexual dysfunction, and pain appear most clearly in stages 2-3. Nodular hyperplasia can be asymptomatic until old age.

Causes and symptoms

Nodular and diffuse forms of hyperplasia have the same causes of formation. The disease inevitably develops in men who have reached a certain age, with normally functioning testicles.

Hyperplasia is based on a change in testosterone metabolism due to an increase in the content of the enzyme 5-alpha reductase in the gland cells. The enzyme leads to the accumulation of dihydrotestosterone, which leads to excessive growth and division of organ cells.

The process of formation of prostate hyperplasia is influenced by the presence of excess weight in a man, since fat cells are considered a supplier of estrogens, which accelerate the process of hyperplasia. Impaired blood flow in the form of varicose veins contributes to a more rapid development of symptoms.

Important

It has been established that diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, liver disease, smoking, sexual activity, and genetic factors do not affect the rate of adenoma development in men.

In addition to hyperplastic processes, the number of alpha-adrenergic receptors in the prostate increases significantly, which causes smooth muscle tone to increase and increased frequency of urination, false and nighttime urges to occur.

Initial symptoms of nodular prostate adenoma depending on the area of ​​node growth:

1. When the nodular form of hyperplasia is localized in the central zone, covering the initial part of the urethra, the symptoms of adenoma appear already at the first stage. All symptoms are divided into obstructive and irritative signs. Obstructive symptoms include difficulty urinating due to a narrowing of the initial part of the urethra by the node. There is a need to strain to urinate, difficulty, and pain. The irritative clinic is caused by irritation of the receptors by the growing node; the man notes too frequent urges and the need to urinate at night. As nodular hyperplasia progresses, sexual functions are impaired, chronic pelvic pain syndrome gradually develops, and blood appears in the urine. Nervousness, surges in blood pressure, heaviness in the groin and perineum, and shooting pain in the testicles are described.
2. Localization of nodes in one of the lateral lobes will be manifested by pain on the affected side, which is described as aching, inconstancy, a feeling of pressure in the groin, and shooting. Urinary dysfunction appears in the later stages.
3. The location of nodes under the capsule of the gland can be asymptomatic throughout life and not be diagnosed.
4. Damage to the nodular form of hyperplasia of the posterior lobe of the prostate is described by the clinic of involvement of the rectum: constipation, pain during defecation, in a sitting position. Also, against the background of impaired microcirculation in the prostate and pelvis, proctitis and paraproctitis develop, aggravated and aggravated by hemorrhoids.

As the node in the prostate gland grows, symptoms of renal dysfunction occur:

• increase in blood pressure;
• thirst;
• itchy skin;
• increased volume of urination;
• headaches, weakness;
• nausea;
• numbness of the limbs, joint pain, muscle weakness.

The growth of a node in the prostate gland towards the urethra can provoke acute urinary retention. This complication requires hospitalization and bladder catheterization.

Nodular prostatic hyperplasia can occur in parallel with prostatitis. These processes are typical for young and middle-aged men. The combined pathology manifests itself not only as a disorder of urination, but also as discharge from the urethra, more pronounced dysfunction of sexual function, pain, and periodic rises in body temperature.

A benign prostate tumor treated in the early stages, when the compensatory capabilities of the bladder still have resources, proceeds favorably, but when the walls of the bladder are stretched by urine, with its long-term stagnation, an irreversible stage occurs and complications develop. The most common consequences of nodular and diffuse nodular adenoma include:

• infection of the urinary tract with the development of cystitis, pyelonephritis;
• renal failure;
• hydronephrosis;
• stone formation;
• bladder diverticula;
• blood in urine;
• acute urinary retention.

Nodular prostate adenoma, which occurs with complications, requires hospitalization.

Source: https://prostatitaid.ru/adenoma-prostaty/uzlovaya-giperplaziya.html

What is an adenomatous prostate node: symptoms and treatment

Adenomatous prostate node (adenoma) is a benign tumor that develops from the glandular tissue of the organ. It is based on prostate hyperplasia (enlargement). Men over 60 years of age are most often affected. By age 80, the prevalence of adenoma is 70-80%.

Adenomatous prostate node (adenoma) is a benign tumor that develops from the glandular tissue of the organ.

Risk factors for developing the disease are chronic prostatitis, hormonal changes and old age. The relationship between STIs, sexual activity, alcoholism and nodule formation has not been established. If left untreated, adenoma leads to acute urinary retention, renal failure and other complications.

Content

• Signs
• Types and stages
• Diagnosis and treatment
• Prevention

Signs

Clinical symptoms of the presence of an adenomatous node are:

• Frequent mictions. Patients may urinate 15-20 times during the day. The urge to go to the toilet is often painful.
• Nocturia (excessive urination at night). The night diuresis of sick men exceeds the norm (1/3 of the daily value).
• Decreased rate of urine excretion during voiding.
• Delay in the start of migrations. Patients have to push to empty the bladder.
• Intermittent mictions. In healthy men, urine is released continuously until the bladder is empty.
• Urine is released drop by drop at the end of micturition.
• Feelings of the presence of a large amount of residual urine.
• Imperative urges.
• Incontinence (leakage) of urine.
• Increasing the time of mictations.

The clinical symptom of the presence of an adenomatous node is frequent mictions. Patients may urinate 15-20 times during the day.

Types and stages

There are 3 stages of formation of adenomatous nodes. At the early (compensated) stage, the process of urination is disrupted. Characterized by sluggishness of the stream, frequent urges and nocturnal movements.

On examination, the gland is densely elastic and increased in size. Upon palpation, the median sulcus is clearly visible. There is no pain during digital rectal examination.

At stage 1 of the disease, the bladder is completely emptied. The duration of this stage is 1-3 years.

Stage 2 is characterized by the following disorders:

• bladder enlargement;
• tissue degeneration;
• severe disturbances in the act of urination;
• muscle hypertrophy and decreased elasticity;
• a large amount of residual urine;
• dilation of the urinary tract;
• kidney dysfunction;
• involuntary release of urine.

For the 2nd stage of development of adenomatous nodes, kidney dysfunction may appear.

Adenoma of the 3rd stage (decompensation) is characterized by distension of the bladder, the development of renal failure, the release of urine drop by drop, its cloudiness, severe pain and a constant desire to empty the bladder. In the absence of proper care, sick men die due to kidney failure.

Diagnosis and treatment

If adenomatous nodes are suspected, you will need:

• Interview (collection of life history and medical history).
• General and biochemical blood tests.
• Blood test for PSA (prostatic antigen). With adenoma, this indicator is sharply increased.
• Palpation of the prostate and abdomen. During the procedure, the size and presence of pain are determined.
• Ultrasonography. It is carried out through the anus and the anterior abdominal wall. The prostate, bladder and kidneys are examined. Ultrasound allows you to examine the stromal tissue. With adenoma, a hypoechoic zone and proliferation of glandular tissue are detected.
• Uroflowmetry (a method for assessing the rate of urine excretion using a special apparatus).
• Biopsy.
• Cytological and histological analyses.
• Excretory urography.
• Cystography (x-ray examination of the bladder).
• Cystomanometry (determination of pressure in the bladder).
• CT or MRI.

Differential diagnosis is carried out with prostatitis, abscess, stones and malignant neoplasms.

In the presence of an adenomatous node of the prostate gland, conservative or surgical treatment is carried out.

Treatment methods for benign prostatic hyperplasia are:

• Use of medications. Alpha-adrenergic receptor blockers (Terazosin, Cornam, Setegis, Doxazosin-FPO, Cardura, Artezin, Kamiren HL, Alfuzosin, Dalfaz), 5-alpha reductase inhibitors (Avodart, Dutasteride Bakter, Finasteride, Alfinal, Penester, Proscar), antibiotics may be prescribed. (in case of infection), interferon preparations, vascular preparations (Trental), herbal remedies (Prostamol Uno), suppositories (Prostatilen), antispasmodics and painkillers.
• Physiotherapy.
• Dieting.

Folk remedies do not give good results. For nodes in the prostate and disorders of the urodynamics of the lower urinary tract, surgical intervention is most effective. Surgery is indicated for urinary retention, renal failure, stones, hematuria and urinary tract infection.

For nodes in the prostate and disorders of the urodynamics of the lower urinary tract, surgical intervention is most effective.

If an adenomatous prostate node is detected, the following can be done:

• open prostatectomy (total removal of the gland);
• transurethral resection (minimally invasive treatment);
• electrovaporization (evaporation of tissue using a roller electrode);
• electroincision (dissection of bladder and gland tissue);
• laser therapy (vaporization and coagulation);
• microwave thermotherapy (low temperature exposure);
• radiofrequency destruction;
• arterial embolization;
• stenting (used to drain the bladder).

If the nodes in the prostate cannot be removed using the standard method, then palliative therapy (cystostomy) is performed.

If an adenomatous prostate node is detected, laser therapy (vaporization and coagulation) can be performed.

Prevention

To reduce the risk of adenomatous nodes, you must:

• treat prostatitis in a timely manner;
• prevent STIs;
• play sports (biking, running, doing fitness);
• move more (walk);
• do not sit in one place for a long time;
• normalize sex life;
• fight excess weight;
• eat more fruits and vegetables;
• drink vitamins;
• do not wear tight underwear or tight pants;
• exclude casual sexual contacts;
• visit a urologist at least once a year;
• give up cigarettes and alcoholic drinks;
• monitor hormonal levels;
• maintain the correct daily routine;
• don't get too cold.

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There are no specific measures to prevent the disease.

Source: https://upraznenia.ru/chto-takoe-adenomatoznyj-uzel-predstatelnoj-zhelezy-simptomy-i-lechenie.html

???? Prostate nodule: is it cancer or something else? — 2020

If your doctor tells you that your prostate exam showed a lump on your prostate, your first thought may be that it is a sign of cancer. But a lump or other changes in your prostate don't necessarily mean you have cancer. Continue reading to learn more about prostate nodules.

Causes What Causes a Prostate Nodule?

A lump is a lump or area of ​​stiffness under the surface of the prostate.

In some cases, a prostate stone, similar to a kidney stone, can be felt beneath the surface. It may appear to be a nodule, but it is actually a tiny formation of calcified minerals.

The stone is usually harmless. A true prostate nodule is an abnormal growth of cells that may or may not be cancerous.

Nodule vs tumor

You may hear the terms "nodules" and "tumors" used interchangeably. For the most part they mean the same thing: abnormal gr from the cells.

"Nodule" is usually used to describe a very small mass of cells, whereas "tumor" usually refers to a larger growth. Doctors also tend to use lump when describing a cancerous growth, although the phrase "benign tumor" is sometimes used. If you're never aware of a phrase your doctor uses, stop and ask for clarification.

Malignant prostate cancer. This means that cells in a cancerous node or tumor can spread to nearby tissues and organs.

A soft nodule is unequal, meaning the cells do not spread.

It is not always clear why abnormal cells multiply and form nodules and tumors. A benign or unclear prostate nodule can form due to an infection or a reaction to inflammation in the body.

It may also be a sign of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), which is an enlarged prostate. BPH does not increase the risk of cancer.

A malignant or cancerous nodule is a sign of prostate cancer.

A prostate lump is unlikely to cause any symptoms for you. If you develop BPH, you may have difficulty urinating or ejaculating. Cancer can be present without symptoms, so regular prostate exams are important.

TestsAdditional tests

PSA test

If your doctor finds a nodule, they will likely order a prostate specificity test (PSA). PSA is a type of protein produced by prostate cells. A simple blood test can measure the level of PSA in the blood.

High levels suggest cancer, but PSA levels can be elevated for many reasons. You may have a condition known as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), which simply means that you have an enlarged prostate.

Additionally, some people's prostates tend to produce more CRP than others."

If your levels are higher than normal, your doctor may order another test to compare the results. Rapidly rising PSA levels suggest cancer. If levels remain roughly the same, you may be asked to undergo a “watchful waiting period.” During this period, your doctor will check your prostate annually and monitor for any symptoms or changes in your health.

Biopsy

If a prostate nodule or enlargement seems suspicious to your doctor, they may recommend a prostate biopsy. During a biopsy, the doctor removes several tiny samples of prostate tissue, which are examined in a laboratory to look for cancer cells.

Second opinion

Doctors often encounter false positives when screening for prostate cancer. It is important to ask your doctor about the possibility of a false positive result. Treatment for prostate cancer can cause incontinence and impotence. If necessary, seek a second opinion. rush into a battery of tests or treatments until you feel you have the best medical advice.

OutlookOutlook

A prostate lump or enlargement is not usually a sign of cancer. If the lump turns out to be cancer, know that prostate cancer is very treatable, especially if it is caught early.

There are about 180,000 new cases of prostate cancer each year in the United States, with about 26,000 deaths each year in the United States, according to the National Cancer Institute.

Survival rates are also quite high for prostate cancer.

Prostate cancer tends to be a slow-growing cancer, so even if you are diagnosed, a period of watchful waiting may be your best choice.

Q&AQ&A: Prostate nodule size

Q:

Does a large nodule or having multiple nodules increase the likelihood that the nodules are cancerous?

A:

Not necessarily, but there is no direct study of this topic in the literature. The nodule may be part of a tumor where most is below the surface. The size and number of nodules are not clearly associated with the risk of developing prostate cancer.

Dr. Ricky Chen, MDAnswers presents the opinions of our medical experts. All content is strictly informational and should not be construed as medical advice.

Source: https://ru.oldmedic.com/are-prostate-nodules-sign-of-cancer-6835