Mastopathy in teenage girls: causes and manifestations of the disease

Many people believe that mastopathy occurs only in adult women, and that such a disease is not typical for children and adolescents. In fact, young girls are also susceptible to benign changes in the mammary glands. This is usually due to an imbalance in the hormonal system that occurs as a result of intensive growth.

Growth spurts during adolescence can trigger the development of mastopathy

In some cases, the disease occurs in girls due to disorders in the endocrine system, liver, or long-term use of certain medications. Doctors also suggest that glandular tissue may undergo changes due to stressful situations and genetic predisposition.

Main symptoms

There are basic symptoms that allow you to suspect the disease. Signs of mastopathy in adolescence are:

• engorgement of part of the gland;
• significant enlargement of one of the glands;
• painful sensations when touching the chest;
• discharge of fluid from the nipple.

Stage-by-stage development of the mammary gland in teenage girls

It is not always possible to notice pathological changes in the mammary glands in girls during adolescence, because it is during this period that they develop and grow, which are accompanied by pain and swelling.

Suspicious symptoms that develop in both girls and boys require contacting a mammologist to identify its cause and prescribe treatment. Since the reasons may be some changes in the functioning of the endocrine glands, most often the child is prescribed an examination by an endocrinologist.

Unpleasant sensations often become more intense before the start of menstruation and decrease slightly after it ends.

Periodic consultations will help to promptly identify more dangerous symptoms

Mastopathy, which occurs in teenage girls, in some cases may be accompanied by the formation of cysts or nodules. Most often, these formations are benign and harmless to health.

However, observation by a pediatrician, pediatric gynecologist or mammologist must be carried out according to the recommended schedule.

If the menstrual cycle is disrupted, young patients are at risk for developing pathological conditions of the mammary glands.

Other causes of pathology

Not only hormonal dysfunctions and diseases of the endocrine organs can lead to disturbances in the tissues of the mammary glands in girls. In some cases, even minor injuries to the chest area may be the cause. Hypothermia and wearing light clothing in the cold season can lead to various inflammatory processes.

An examination by an endocrinologist will rule out pathology of the endocrine glands.

Disturbances in the reproductive system can also lead to mastopathy.

Boys are also susceptible to this disease. Lumps that form in male adolescents aged 13 years and older sometimes develop due to hormonal changes. As a rule, such symptoms go away after some time and are not a cause for concern. However, it is advisable to show the child to a specialist.

The following changes are considered deviations: the boy develops pain in the mammary glands, sensitivity increases, itching appears, and fluid is released from the nipples. Most often, after examination, the child is diagnosed with physiological gynecomastia.

Gynecomastia is a pathological enlargement of the mammary glands in boys

This phenomenon usually disappears by age 17. If the child’s symptoms persist in the future, diagnosis and regular monitoring are necessary.

This proliferation of breast tissue can be caused by disruptions in the endocrine system and treatment with certain types of medications. After completing the course of the drug, the glands most often restore their normal structure.

It is extremely rare that a boy may be recommended to undergo surgery to normalize his breast size.

In some cases, enlargement of the mammary glands in a boy may occur as a result of physical inactivity, lack of sports activities, high-calorie nutrition, and a passion for salty foods.

All this contributes to excess weight gain, which can also be deposited in the mammary glands.

Sometimes changes in breast tissue are caused by metabolic disorders, kidney disease, liver disease, inflammatory processes in the testicles, and other pathologies that cause a decrease in androgen synthesis.

Eating disorders and obesity can also trigger the development of mastopathy

Diagnosis of the disease

It is during adolescence that it is very difficult to differentiate normal changes in the mammary glands from pathological ones. According to statistics, mastopathy is diagnosed in 5–11% of all children who consult a specialist.

Oncological diseases of the mammary glands in adolescence are extremely rare.

To identify pathology, tests are prescribed to determine the endocrinological status, levels of prolactin, estradiol.

Determining hormone levels plays an important role in diagnosis

Typically, with glandular hyperplasia in girls, hyperestrogenism and low levels of progesterone are detected. Often changes in the breast are accompanied by mastalgia, requiring the prescription of complex therapeutic measures. Most often, analgesic drugs and medications that reduce tissue swelling are selected.

To determine the structure of the gland and the presence of neoplasms, adolescents are prescribed an ultrasound examination. Mammography is not usually performed at this age. When identifying a cyst that is prone to enlargement, fine-needle aspiration can help, in which the doctor uses a needle to pump out the contents and inject a drug that helps harden the walls of the cystic formation.

Treatment of teenage mastopathy

In the treatment of mastopathy, hormonal drugs are often prescribed, applied topically in the form of applications.

Hormonal gel Progestogel can be used in the treatment of mastopathy in adolescents

In some cases, partial decompression is used. If the mammary glands cannot be brought into symmetry, it is recommended that the girl undergo plastic correction at an older age.

When a girl is diagnosed with a nodular form of mastopathy, surgical removal of the tumors may be indicated. If cysts are present, adolescents are most often prescribed regular monitoring of the condition of the mammary glands. Sometimes absorbable therapeutic drugs are used, for example, iodine, Wobenzym, and various decoctions.

As a rule, in adolescence, pathological changes in the mammary glands require special attention and an individual approach. Complex therapy is usually prescribed:

• course of taking medications containing vitamins E, A;

Tamoxifen promotes hormonal balance by reducing estrogen synthesis

• use of antiestrogens (Tamoxifen, Clomiphene);
• prescribing gestagens in the form of oral medications or gel for topical use;
• for hyperandrogenism leading to changes in the mammary glands, Diana-35 is indicated;
• if a high level of prolactin is detected, it is necessary to take Parlodel and Norprolac for six months;
• a course of herbal remedies, for example, a decoction of raspberry leaves, which, with long-term use, helps reduce estrogen and gonadotropin levels;
• course of homeopathic medicine "Mastodinon".

In some cases, antibiotic therapy is indicated

If a child is diagnosed with mastopathy, the cause of which is inflammatory processes, it is necessary to prescribe antibacterial drugs. As a rule, a group of amoxicillins and cephalosporins is used for this purpose. In case of inflammatory processes of the mammary glands, warming physiotherapy cannot be used.

Preventive measures

To prevent pathology of the mammary glands in adolescence, it is necessary to adhere to a number of rules:

• proper nutrition including a large amount of vegetables, fiber, cereals;

Compliance with the principles of a healthy diet plays an important role in the prevention and treatment of mastopathy

• restrictions on salty foods;
• timely treatment of infections and other diseases;
• maintaining immunity with vitamins and healthy drinks;
• avoiding injuries to the mammary gland area;
• walks in the open air;
• physical activity.

Self-medication when independently identifying signs of mastopathy is unacceptable. If pathological changes are detected in the mammary glands in a child, an examination by a doctor is necessary.

A mammologist tells more about mastopathy in childhood:

Source: http://bolezni.com/stati-o-boleznyah/mastopatiya/techenie-mastopatii-u-devochek-podrostkov.html

Do teenage girls have breast diseases?

The mammary gland is a very sensitive and vulnerable organ of the female body, which is part of the reproductive system. A careful and attentive attitude towards the mammary gland should begin from childhood. Early detection of breast diseases (including malignant ones) helps reduce the number of advanced forms, save the lives of young patients and give a chance for a healthy future. We want to discuss this problem in more detail today, because September 23 is World Breast Cancer Day.

If we take all women of reproductive age (the age at which a woman can give birth to a child) and examine their mammary glands, then problems of various types will be identified in more than 90% of patients. Moreover, some will be diagnosed with malignant processes. Diseases of the mammary glands are very often combined with gynecological problems.

Breast cancer claims women's lives every day. In 2015, more than 66 thousand new cases of breast cancer were registered in our country. Breast cancer ranks first in the mortality structure of young women (from 19 to 34 years old) in developed countries.

The problem does not arise overnight. For many women, the problem has been going on for a long time, often since adolescence, starting with benign hormonal-dependent diseases.

Is it true that girls rarely have breast diseases? No that's not true. Breast disease in teenage girls is very common, but underdiagnosed.

The fact is that many girls are embarrassed to tell their mother or doctor about their complaints.

Mothers, in turn, do not consider it necessary to take their girls to a gynecologist on a prophylactic basis, who must examine the mammary glands of all patients and refer them to a mammologist if something worries him.

Very often, girls and women experience pain in the mammary glands. There is a special term for this symptom - mastalgia. Some girls experience pain only before menstruation, while others experience discomfort in the mammary glands almost constantly. Is breast pain a warning sign?

More than half of teenage girls who experience pain in the mammary gland are diagnosed with mastopathy upon detailed examination. In addition, more than 50% of young patients who consult a doctor with mastalgia are diagnosed with various mammary dysplasias. In such patients, the risk of breast cancer is 25 or more times higher!

Every girl and every mother should know that pain in the mammary gland is a reason to examine a teenager. There is no need to treat this symptom carelessly, believing that “there is nothing wrong, everyone has pain.”

This is a collective term that describes cystic and fibrotic changes in the mammary glands that occur due to a violation of the ratio of epithelial and connective tissue. Currently, it is believed that mastopathy occurs due to hormonal imbalance.

Mastopathy occurs in 4-8% of teenage girls. There are many classifications of mastopathy: according to the severity of the process, according to the stage of epithelial proliferation, according to the predominance of fibrous or cystic components.

Fibroadenoma is a benign breast tumor. Among all tumors detected in children and adolescents, fibroadenoma ranks second in frequency.

In 10-15% of cases, multiple fibroadenomas occur. 3-25% of teenage girls have breast cysts.

There are different theories of their occurrence, including the influence of hormonal imbalances.

Fibrocystic mastopathy itself is not a precancerous condition, but in patients with this diagnosis, breast cancer occurs 3-5 times more often than in healthy girls and women.

Mastitis is an inflammatory process in the mammary gland caused by dangerous microbes entering the gland. As a rule, mastitis occurs in lactating women, that is, those who breastfeed their babies. But mastitis also occurs in adolescents. This happens especially often after nipple piercing, which is now quite fashionable among teenagers.

Nipple piercing can lead not only to an infectious process, but also give rise to Paget's disease of the breast. This is the name given to aggressive cancer that affects the nipple area. By the way, this also applies to boys.

Yes, they are. The higher the risk, the more factors are combined in one girl:

• Hereditary predisposition;
• Smoking and drinking alcoholic beverages;
• Frequent stress;
• Menstrual irregularities;
• Early onset of menstruation;
• Thyroid diseases, diabetes mellitus;
• Obesity;
• Low physical activity;
• Inflammatory diseases of the mammary glands;
• Abortion.

It is not at all necessary that even with a combination of several of the above factors, a teenage girl will develop a malignant tumor of the mammary gland. However, this risk remains for many years to come.

Therefore, it is necessary to be very careful about the condition of the mammary glands from adolescence. According to foreign authors, breast cancer or sarcoma occurs in 1% of young girls.

In 3-10% of patients with breast cancer, the development of the oncological process is due to the presence of mutations in certain genes.

Pediatricians and adolescent gynecologists need to identify young patients at risk for developing breast diseases and promptly send them for preventive examinations to a mammologist.

Teenage girls themselves should maintain a healthy lifestyle, give up bad habits, regularly visit a gynecologist and answer his questions honestly.

Every girl should be able to conduct a self-examination of the mammary glands. Ideally, this examination should be carried out every month.

Teaching a girl how to do breast self-examination is not difficult. It is only important to explain to her the value of this research. It's great if this becomes a habit from adolescence. First, you can do the examination together with your mother, and then on your own. How to properly conduct a breast examination?

• The best time for self-examination: 3-4 days of the cycle every month.
• The examination must be carried out in a calm environment, without rushing. It is correct to carry it out in two positions: standing and lying down.
• First you need to examine the mammary glands (stand up straight, lower your arms): shape, size, symmetry. Then carry out the same inspection, placing your hands on your belt, then raising them up and placing them behind your head.
• The most alarming signals: retraction of one nipple (which was not there before), the appearance of skin similar to “lemon peel”, the presence of pits, folds, and tubercles. This happens extremely rarely in teenagers, but every girl needs to know about them for the future.
• Then you should start palpation (feeling the chest). Palpation is done with smooth, soft pressing movements from the periphery to the center. It is convenient to move your fingers in a spiral so as not to miss anything.
• The left mammary gland is examined with the right hand and vice versa. What to look for: lumps, heaviness of the breast, “balls”. It is worth assessing whether there were any unpleasant sensations during palpation.
• The examination of the mammary glands should be completed by squeezing the nipple at its base. Normally, there should be no discharge from the nipple. The appearance of serous, bloody, purulent, milky discharge is a reason to consult a doctor.
• After the glands themselves have already been examined, you need to palpate the armpit area for enlarged lymph nodes. It is more convenient to do this lying down, placing your hand on the side being examined behind your head.

Source: https://MedAboutMe.ru/mat-i-ditya/publikacii/stati/detskie_bolezni/zabolevaniya_molochnykh_zhelez_u_podrostkov_otvety_na_voprosy/

Physiological and hormonal mastopathy: in newborn girls and boys, children and adolescents

Mastopathy is a pathological condition accompanied by the proliferation of glandular breast tissue. The disease can be diagnosed not only in women of reproductive age, but also in men and even newborn children. The provoking factors are the same everywhere - hormonal imbalance and the penetration of pathogenic microorganisms into the body.

Symptoms and types of mastopathy in children

The first benign changes in the mammary glands occur soon after the child is born. In medicine, this phenomenon is called “physiological mastopathy” or “neonatal mastopathy”. According to statistics, more than 50% of young parents encounter this phenomenon. The definition of “physiological” implies the natural course of events and the baby’s adaptation to new conditions.

During development in the womb, the child receives a large concentration of female hormones, thanks to which full development occurs.

Soon after birth, this process stops, which encourages the body to produce everything on its own. The first symptoms of a hormonal crisis usually appear on days 3-5 of life.

The peak occurs on days 7-11, when the newborn’s body has not yet fully adapted and the estrogen concentration is minimal.

Physiological mastopathy

Clinical picture of physiological mastopathy:

• Swelling of the mammary glands, especially the nipples and parapapillary area. A swelling size not exceeding 30 mm in diameter is considered within normal limits.
• Various skin rashes are possible, but rare.
• Slight redness of the skin around the nipple, no significant pain is noted.
• A concomitant symptom may be slight swelling of the genital organs.
• There may be slight discharge of secretions from the nipples. It is important not to squeeze the mammary glands yourself, as this can cause infection of healthy tissue and injury.

When several symptoms appear simultaneously, the newborn becomes capricious and restless. Gradually, the disease goes away on its own after 3-5 weeks.

Enlargement of the mammary glands with mastopathy

Mastopathy in children after one year is accompanied by the following clinical picture:

• Swelling of one mammary gland, redness of the skin and swelling.
• Bursting sensation, as if there is a foreign object under the skin.
• Enlargement of the mammary gland.
• Discharge from the nipple of a liquid and sticky secretion, usually colorless or yellow in color.
• Discomfort or pain when touched, burning and itching.

It is necessary to immediately show the child to a specialist.

Diagnosis and causes of development of childhood mastopathy

Ultrasound is prescribed to diagnose the disease

To confirm a hormonal imbalance, the child will need to be examined by highly specialized specialists and undergo a series of laboratory and instrumental examinations. A mammologist or gynecologist or endocrinologist can help in this matter. A laboratory blood test for hormone levels is required, as well as an ultrasound examination of the mammary glands (ultrasound).

If there is a suspicion of infectious inflammation, a surgeon should examine the child. In most cases, the inflammatory process in the chest develops against the background of Staphylococcus aureus entering the body. It can penetrate through the excretory ducts in the mammary glands or through the damaged upper layer of the epidermis if it is not properly cared for. These factors provoke the development of mastopathy.

In severe cases of infection, the development of phlegmon is possible - a severe pathological condition accompanied by extensive purulent inflammation, which has no clear boundaries.

This condition is especially dangerous for young girls, since the disease can lead to irreversible structural changes in the mammary glands. Complications include underdeveloped breasts at an older age, as well as blockage of the excretory ducts.

This form of mastopathy requires complex treatment, including surgery.

Causes of physiological mastopathy in newborns

Ambient temperature influences the development of physiological mastopathy in a newborn

The development of the disease in newborns indicates the course of a hormonal or sexual crisis. This pathological condition develops as a result of the penetration of a large concentration of the hormone estrogen from the mother’s body into the genitals or mammary glands of the child.

According to statistics, mastopathy develops more often in girls, due to the removal of maternal hormones. Also, a list of negative phenomena from the external environment leads to the appearance of the physiological form of the disease.

• Constant contact of the child with external stimuli, as a result of which all the baby’s senses are involved: visual, auditory, tactile and taste buds.
• During birth, the baby is faced with such a natural phenomenon as gravity. She was absent during intrauterine development.
• Ambient air temperature. The indicators are significantly lower in comparison with the temperature environment in a woman’s body. For example, it was stable 37 degrees, but it became no more than 25. For a child, this is a sharp change and not every body is able to adapt to this in a limited period of time.

The physiological form of mastopathy in newborns rarely becomes pathological.

Treatment and prevention

In newborns and children under one year of age, in most cases, diagnosed mastopathy does not require treatment unless its course causes pain. In adolescence and adults, it is mandatory to undergo a therapeutic course, especially for people with a predisposition to developing cancer.

Treatment of mastopathy in children under one year of age

If therapy does not produce results, surgical intervention is necessary

In a child under 9 months, the development of pathology is considered a consequence of hormonal imbalance. To relieve symptoms, the doctor can develop a preventive treatment course, including mild medications and observation.

In severe cases of the disease, hormone replacement therapy is required. If it does not bring positive dynamics, mandatory surgical intervention is required.

It is forbidden to self-medicate, especially with taking hormonal drugs, since hormonal imbalance can unpredictably affect the condition of a still fragile body, complications can be irreversible.

It is prohibited to copy standard treatment protocols, since each organism is individual and the genetic level of hormones is different for everyone.

Treatment of the disease in adolescent children

Mastopathy in teenage girls can become diffuse

In teenage girls, breast mastopathy develops in a diffuse form. This pathological condition is accompanied by the formation of a large number of small nodules, which are almost impossible to detect upon palpation. The total mass of tissue in the chest increases, provided that the specific mass of breast tissue remains unchanged - this state of affairs aggravates the functioning of the endocrine and thyroid glands, which leads to hormonal imbalance.

Treatment includes the following steps:

• Examination. As a rule, making a diagnosis requires the opinion of three specialized doctors - a surgeon, an endocrinologist and a mammologist. Everyone evaluates the condition and proposes an effective treatment regimen. To make a diagnosis, blood tests for thyroid hormones, growth hormone and sex hormones, as well as an ultrasound, are prescribed.
• Based on the results obtained, taking into account the individual characteristics of the child’s body, a therapeutic course is drawn up. Physiotherapy sessions are sometimes added to traditional treatment, for example, UV radiation, vibration therapy, electrophoresis.

If surgical intervention is required, the procedure can be carried out in several ways - traditional excision of excess tissue and laser removal, during which the integrity of the skin is not compromised.

Source: https://NogoStop.ru/grud/lechenie-yunosheskoj-mastopatii-molochnoj-zhelezy-u-podrostkov.html

What is gynecomastia in adolescents and children? Causes, symptoms, treatment

Gynecomastia in children and adolescents is a fairly common pathology of the mammary glands, characterized by an increase in their size due to hypertrophy of glandular or adipose tissue.

The disease is not only an aesthetic problem, but is also fraught with various complications in the absence of medical supervision and proper treatment.

What is it, what are the features before and after 12 years, at 15, 16, 17?

Gynecomastia of newborns (in 60-80% of cases) - occurs as a result of biologically active substances entering the mother through the placenta. Most often it goes away on its own within a month.

Gynecomastia, which occurs during puberty (age 12-15 years), develops due to immaturity of the reproductive system as a result of insufficiency of sex hormones. Regarding how long the disease lasts in adolescents, doctors say that it usually goes away within 1-2 years without treatment.

Quite rarely, this disease is diagnosed at 17-18 years of age. In this case, a medical history and a thorough examination of the patient are necessary.

In boys

Enlargement of the mammary glands in boys is always a pathological process. The doctor decides in each specific case: to take a wait-and-see approach or begin treatment.

For girls

Breast enlargement in girls during puberty is a physiological norm. Enlargement of the mammary glands is considered a disease caused by hormonal disorders, as a result of which the breasts reach significant sizes.

How is the disease classified?

Gynecomastia in children and adolescents (boys and girls) occurs:

1. one-sided and two-sided;
2. physiological, pathological and idiopathic:
   • physiological mastopathy – observed by a doctor without treatment and usually goes away on its own;
   • the pathological form of the disease signals disturbances in the functioning of the body and requires examination and treatment;
   • idiopathic form of gynecomastia - rare, characterized by the inability to find the cause of the pathology;
3. true or false:
   • false gynecomastia often appears with obesity, due to an increase in adipose tissue;
   • With true gynecomastia, the glandular tissue of the mammary gland grows.

Causes of occurrence in children and adolescents

Male

The disease can be triggered in boys by:

• obesity;
• diabetes mellitus and other metabolic diseases;
• endocrine diseases of the thyroid and prostate glands.

Female

The causes of pathology in girls can be:

• excessive accumulation of adipose tissue;
• taking medications with side effects of gynecomastia;
• disruption of the body's hormonal levels as a result of diseases of the endocrine and reproductive systems.

Symptoms - description, photo

In boys

Symptoms in boys are as follows:

• enlargement of the mammary glands, the appearance of lumps;
• excessive pigmentation, darkening of areolas and nipples;
• discharge from the nipples may appear;
• the areolas are enlarged, expanded, and develop according to the female type.

For girls

Symptoms in girls:

• pain and discomfort of the mammary glands;
• formation of compactions;
• discharge from the nipples, sometimes mixed with blood.

How to determine?

Diagnosis of the disease begins with a visual examination and palpation of the mammary glands by a doctor.

If gynecomastia is suspected, the following examinations are carried out:

• Ultrasound of the mammary glands and testicles;
• X-rays of light;
• blood test for hormone levels;
• mammography, breast biopsy if lumps are detected.

Additional examinations are possible if endocrine and metabolic diseases are suspected.

Only as a result of a full examination can a doctor make a correct diagnosis and develop further treatment tactics.

How to treat depending on the stage?

The disease has three stages of development:

• Initial stage (the cause is most often physiological). The enlargement of the glands upon palpation is insignificant.
• Second stage. A significant enlargement of the glands is visualized. The child’s reproductive system at this stage has developmental delays. In the first and second stages of the disease, wait-and-see tactics are practiced for the first six months. If independent regression of gynecomastia does not occur, conservative hormonal therapy is prescribed.
• Third stage (fibrous). The connective and lipid structures of the mammary gland grow irreversibly. The only possible option is surgical treatment.

Medication

If gynecomastia does not go away on its own, diet and discontinuation of medications with side effects do not help, drug hormonal therapy is prescribed.

1. Bromocriptine (and analogues). Stimulates dopamine receptors and also blocks the production of prolactin. The drug is suitable for patients with hyperprolactinemic type of teenage gynecomastia. Take in the form of tablets 1-1.25 mg 3 times a day, followed by increasing the dose. The price of the drug is approximately 190-200 rubles.
2. Tamoxifen (and analogues). Nonsteroidal antiestrogenic medication. Used in case of excess estrogen in the body. The dosage is 20 mg per day. The price depends on the dosage, package size and manufacturer and varies from 100 to 700 rubles.
3. Mesterolone is an androgen for oral administration that compensates for the lack of testosterone in the body. Price 620 rub. for 20 pcs.

Important! Medicines should be taken strictly as prescribed by the doctor!

Folk remedies

The following herbs and herbs help with gynecomastia:

1. Ginseng root – used as a tincture. Take 50 g of ginseng root, oat straw, yohimbe bark, and ginkgo biloba leaves. The mixture is poured with 1 liter of alcohol and infused for two weeks in the refrigerator. Take half a teaspoon for 6-8 weeks. You can also consume ginseng root fresh. Ginseng root regulates hormonal disorders and treats metabolic disorders.
2. Lovage is a plant that improves metabolism and hormonal levels. Tincture recipe: 100 g of plant roots are mixed with red wine and heated in a water bath. The mixture is kept in a dark place for three days. Take 50 g before bedtime.
3. Thyme – used as a tincture. 2 tbsp. spoons of the plant are poured into 1 liter of water and boiled for 10 minutes. After cooling, drink 1 glass a day for two months.
4. Herbal collection. 100 g ginseng, 50 g raspberry leaves, 50 g licorice root, 50 g Siberian ginseng. 1 tbsp. A spoonful of herbal mixture is poured with 400-500 ml of boiling water. After cooling, take in small portions several times a day. The course of treatment is two months.

Physiotherapy

As an additional treatment, the doctor may prescribe physiotherapy.

• Inductothermy is the heating of a body area by exposing it to high-frequency radiation. The mechanism of therapeutic action is based on the body's response to irritation of receptors not only of the skin, but also of internal organs. Inductothermy has anti-inflammatory, vasodilating, absorbable, and antispastic effects in various pathologies. Usually 7-15 sessions are prescribed. Contraindications are: inflammatory diseases, autoimmune diseases, active form of tuberculosis, acute purulent processes. The price of one procedure is approximately 150 rubles.
• Ultrafrequency therapy is an electrotherapy method based on the effects of electromagnetic radiation. The action of microwaves increases blood flow, accelerates metabolic processes, and dilates blood vessels. Under the influence of microwave therapy, the child’s hormonal levels are corrected. Contraindications to therapy are systemic blood diseases, tuberculosis, bleeding and a tendency to them. Price 400-550 rub.
• Treatment of gynecomastia with laser. Therapy occurs in several stages:
  1. Preparatory stage. Local anesthesia is used. A small 1.5 mm incision is made in the chest area.
  2. A surgical tube is inserted through the incision into the area of ​​excess tissue or fat. The laser beam from the tube destroys excess tissue and liquefies fat cells.
  3. When the tissue and fat dissolve into an emulsion, they are pumped out through the tube using a vacuum pump.

  The advantage of this treatment is the absence of bleeding, because...
  The laser seals the vessels, there is no swelling or scarring. Unfortunately, this method is applicable only in cases of slight enlargement of the mammary glands and nipples. The cost of treatment for children in Moscow and St. Petersburg starts from 16,500 rubles.

Surgery

In severe cases of gynecomastia, surgical intervention is necessary:

• if conservative treatment does not give a positive result;
• when pain occurs;
• if breast cancer is detected;
• in the presence of glandular and fibrous tissues in the gland.

1. Mastectomy – excision of the chest or part thereof. The operation is performed under local anesthesia:
   • An incision is made near the edge of the nipple areola.
   • Fibrous or glandular tissue is excised.
   • A suture is placed, which becomes unnoticeable after six months. The price of the operation is about 40,000 rubles.
2. Liposuction – removal of breast fat tissue:
   • An incision is made near the nipple.
   • A tube connected to a vacuum apparatus is inserted into the incision.
   • The fat is pumped out and a drain is inserted. Price 40,000 – 60,000 rub.
3. Endoscopic mastectomy – this operation is performed under general anesthesia and is considered minimally invasive. The patient becomes able to work in a short time.

   The operation is carried out in several stages:

   • Several punctures are made in the armpit area.
   • Glandular tissue is removed using instruments inserted into the puncture sites.
   • A sterile dressing is applied. The price of the operation is from 90,000 rubles.

How dangerous is the disease in adolescence and young adulthood?

Gynecomastia must be observed and treated by oncologists, mammologists and endocrinologists.

The most serious complication of gynecomastia is tumor malignancy. Also, large tumors often leave scars. Gynecomastia in boys often leads to emotional disorders.

What to do for prevention?

The most important condition for the prevention of gynecomastia is maintaining a healthy lifestyle. Preventive measures also include treatment of endocrine and metabolic diseases and taking medications that led to the disease.

Gynecomastia is quite common in children and adolescents, starting from the neonatal period. With timely identification of the causes of the disease and proper treatment, it is usually possible to defeat the disease without consequences for the child’s body.

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Source: https://beautyexpert.pro/hirurgiya/ginekomastiya/u-podrostkov-i-detey.html

Mastopathy in teenage girls symptoms - Mastopathy

all about mastopathy

Mastopathy in teenage girls

In order to defeat the enemy, you need to know him by sight. This also applies to mastopathy. Before a woman starts to get rid of it, she must be completely familiar with this disease. It is imperative to find out the reason for its occurrence and only after that try to get out of the difficult situation that has arisen without much loss.

What age women are most at risk for mastopathy? This risk begins during puberty and continues until menopause. After a woman’s menstruation stops, mastopathy disappears, but this does not always happen; there are cases when the disease continues.

What signals in the chest should be alarming for a woman? Chest pain after menstruation, constant aching pain radiating under the armpit, which is very similar to the symptoms of osteochondrosis, swelling of the mammary glands, their heterogeneity and lumps when palpated. If at least one of these signs appears, you should immediately consult your doctor.

Causes of mastopathy in adolescents

There are many reasons for the occurrence of mastopathy in women, but almost all of them appear due to the fact that the female internal secretion organs malfunction. Even minor problems in these organs cause problems in the mammary glands. Changes in the hormonal levels of a teenage girl can lead to mastopathy.

Often, a seemingly completely harmless chest injury leads to such a problem. Severely compressed chest or injury received in public transport can also be one of the causes of this disease. Now women's jeans with a low waist have become very fashionable. Girls wear them both in summer and winter.

If a girl is bothered by chest pain before menstruation and there is lumpiness and discharge from the nipple, she should immediately consult a doctor.

How to treat mastopathy in a teenager

First of all, if the disease is just beginning, it is necessary to exclude all those factors that could cause mastopathy. A teenage girl needs to be provided with adequate and healthy sleep, proper nutrition, and it is advisable to protect her from stressful situations and bad habits, if any.

Daily walks in the fresh air and light physical activity will have a very beneficial effect on the treatment of mastopathy. Sometimes these measures alone are enough for the disease to begin to recede. In addition, there are many more medicinal methods to cure mastopathy in a teenage girl.

To determine a specific method, a complete medical examination is necessary. Care should be taken to ensure that hormonal imbalances in the teenager’s body are corrected and that the nervous system is restored if there were any disturbances.

Vitamins act as indispensable helpers for enhancing immunity, and homeopathic medicines for normalizing liver function. Sometimes, if necessary, doctors prescribe hormonal drugs.

There are many folk remedies to combat mastopathy, they are also quite effective. An ordinary cabbage leaf has saved more than one woman from this disease.

A mixture of Kalanchoe with honey, taken in the morning on an empty stomach and in the evening, also helps well in the fight against this disease. Beets, eucalyptus, celandine, garlic oil, pumpkin, quinoa - these plants also help against this disease.

But various decoctions and compresses made from them can be harmful if there is a possibility of intolerance to one or another component.

Source: http://mir-ckazok.ru/lechenie-mastopatii/mastopatiya-u-devochek-podrostkov-simptomy

Dangerous disease - mastopathy in adolescents: causes and methods of treatment

The mammary gland undergoes the most active phase of growth and development in adolescents, starting from 10 to 12 years of age and continues to grow until the age of 25.

  It is during this period of rapid growth that there is a high probability of developing a benign pathological process called mastopathy in adolescents.

The disease is not particularly dangerous, but in some cases it can develop into malignant forms, and therefore requires observation and correct diagnosis.

Causes of mastopathy

The condition of the mammary gland directly depends on fluctuations in the level of concentration in the blood of female sex hormones - estrogen and progesterone.

In adolescence, as well as under the condition of external unfavorable factors, these hormonal surges can lead to dysplastic processes occurring in the structures of the glandular tissue of the breast.

Their manifestations can be completely different, but all these conditions are usually combined into the concept of fibrocystic mastopathy in adolescents.

The main factors influencing the development of mastopathy:

• Irregular sex life or inadequate methods of contraception, which lead to emotional dissatisfaction (coitus interruptus, etc.).
• Infectious and inflammatory processes in the genitourinary system (chlamydia, trichomoniasis, ureaplasmosis).
• Hormonal disorders due to concomitant diseases of the endocrine system: diabetes mellitus, thyrotoxicosis, obesity.
• Frequent stress or general emotional tension: depression, stress due to relocation, job dissatisfaction, and so on.
• Incorrect use of combined oral contraceptives, frequent changes or taking them inappropriately.
• Genetic predisposition.

Obviously, when more than two provoking factors are combined, the likelihood of developing mastopathy will increase proportionally. Considering that the age of 12 - 14 years is a transitional period for girls, when hormonal levels are actively changing and the emotional sphere is quite labile, teenage mastopathy has become a common occurrence in our society.

Symptoms and forms of the disease

External manifestations of fibrocystic mastopathy include:

• sensation of a foreign body and pain in the chest;
• changes in the size, shape or position of the mammary gland, its asymmetry, swelling;
• swelling or change in consistency;
• discharge of opaque fluid from the chest.

In addition to the above symptoms, mastopathy can manifest as general malaise, headaches, radiating pain in the back and neck, dizziness and depression.

The pathological process can occur in various forms, depending on the predominance of one or another component in the pathomorphology. In the thickness of the mammary gland, predominantly glandular or fibrous connective tissue can grow. If mastopathy forms several cystic nodes, then this form is called nodular.

The most common form of mastopathy in teenage girls is mixed type fibroadenoma with a predominance of glandular and fibromatous components. Develops after 12 years of age and can grow quite quickly. This benign tumor requires careful monitoring, since according to statistics, up to 2% of all fibroadenomas can develop into breast cancer.

Diagnostic examination methods

Having discovered such symptoms, a woman or girl should immediately contact a mammologist for a detailed examination. First of all, the following laboratory and instrumental diagnostic methods are carried out:

• Collecting anamnesis, medical history, examination and palpation of the pathological area by a doctor. In addition, a preventive examination of the armpits and supraclavicular areas is carried out for the presence of conglomerates of lymph nodes.
• X-ray mammography or CT mammography with the introduction of a contrast agent, if necessary.
• Ultrasound of both mammary glands.
• General and biochemical blood test, including specific tumor markers.
• If necessary, perform a puncture from the formation followed by histological examination.

It should be noted that in rare cases, mastopathy is detected in teenage boys. Mostly it occurs against the background of gynecomastia or complex hormonal disorders. In this case, a special study of the hormonal profile and a number of additional examinations are prescribed.

We recommend reading the article about puberty in girls. From it you will learn about when breasts begin to grow and at what time the mammary glands are finally formed.

Effective treatment methods

As mentioned, when such symptoms are detected, immediate examination is required to identify the cause and develop an appropriate treatment plan.

It is mainly aimed at correcting lifestyle, removing unfavorable environmental factors and symptomatic measures.

Treatment of mastopathy in adolescents should be strictly individual and take into account the characteristics of each patient.

In the case of fibroadenoma, there are a number of indications for surgical removal of the tumor. After surgery, corrective treatment is usually prescribed to prevent the new occurrence of dysplastic processes.

Thus, mastopathy in adolescents is not so rare and does not pose an immediate danger. However, you should never delay visiting a doctor after detecting symptoms, as the disease can cause dangerous consequences. Timely diagnosis and adequate treatment will be the key to future health for a teenager.

Source: http://GrudInfo.ru/mastopatiya-u-podrostkov/

Breast cyst in a teenage girl: for what reasons do they appear in a child and what to do about it?

• A cyst often appears in the human body.
• It is a closed capsule, the contents of which can be very different.
• The size of breast cysts may vary between teenage girls and other children.
• In addition, this disease is no different from the same disease in adults.

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Features of breast development in infants

After birth, the mammary glands swell , gradually changing their size over the course of a week.

In some cases, redness and the release of milk-like fluids from the mammary gland may be noted. This phenomenon is called physiological mastopathy in newborns.

Pediatricians note that in some situations the mammary glands become denser directly under the nipples. Such formations are not always single , and their size can be 2-3 cm.

They often disappear on their own because they appear due to breastfeeding. This can be explained by excessive sensitivity to prolactin, which is contained in breast milk.

Parents should know that this is just a reaction of the body. You should consult your doctor about it, but there is no need to treat it. It is only important to maintain hygiene, otherwise mastitis may develop, which then turns into an abscess.

There can be many reasons for diseases - this can include infection with strepto- and staphylococci, as well as improper care of the glands, and lack of hygiene.

How does development proceed during prepuberty?

Enlarged glands in a child before puberty are considered a deviation. Doctors define this phenomenon as thelarche - premature development before puberty. This state is considered a local process.

The reason for this may be problems associated with improper functioning of the adrenal glands, the development of cysts and thyroid diseases. Not long ago, researchers discovered that the problem lies in eating fennel in large quantities. This remedy relieves bloating but promotes early breast development.

As a result, asymmetric breast development can be observed at the age of 12 years. Often the left gland develops faster than the right, but after a while the breasts become symmetrical.

4% of girls in thelarche experience rapid puberty. This means that breast enlargement begins before the age of 8, and at the same time, the pubic area and armpits become covered with hair. Today, the reason can be called a mutation of genes that are responsible for energy exchange. 80% is manifested by an increase in glands with an increase in permissible weight by more than 10 kg.

Causes of diseases of such glands in a child

The following causes of diseases are identified:

• disorders of the brain. Pituitary damage results in natural hormonal balance. Hormones begin to be slowly released.
• Disruption of the endocrine system, as a result of which the functioning of the thyroid gland is disrupted.
• Ovarian cysts and tumors.
• Adrenal diseases. Here it is worth noting hyperplasia, which appears as a result of enlargement of the mammary glands.
• Pituitary tumor. This neoplasm is produced by prolactin, suppressing the functioning of the entire system.
• Congenital syndrome of hormonal production.

All of the above reasons require timely diagnosis and treatment. But among them there are also those that do not need treatment:

1. obesity, due to which the breasts begin to enlarge. This occurs due to an increase in the amount of adipose tissue. It is important that the child eats properly and does not overeat.
2. Gynecomastia occurs in boys during adolescence, but often occurs earlier. It may be caused by the production of a hormone that stimulates follicle growth.
3. Injuries that cause the tissue in the chest to become hard.

Almost all of these diseases are not dangerous if timely treatment is provided. Often the problem becomes a chronic disease that is associated with metabolic processes.

Read about why cysts can form in patients of any age, and the reasons for their occurrence in women after 40 years are described here.

Symptoms of the problem

Symptoms of diseases manifest themselves in different ways:

• With mastitis, you can observe their increase, tissue compaction and pain. Often all this is accompanied by elevated body temperature. If an abscess develops, an infiltrate forms, due to which the child behaves a little inhibited.
• Gynecomastia is characterized by enlargement of the glands under the nipples, as well as increased sensitivity. Boys may experience painful lumps. Incomplete development of the genital organs, the appearance of a large amount of adipose tissue and pale skin are also often observed.
• Symptoms of pathologies in girls manifest themselves in the form of swelling and swelling of the breasts after menstruation. All this happens painfully, as the nodules in the tissues become more elastic and denser. New formations often change the shape of the breast and even lead to its asymmetry. You can observe a change in skin color, as well as the discharge of white fluid from the nipples. Pathologies of this type often occur without pronounced symptoms, and neoplasia can be detected by chance. Breast cancer is manifested by discomfort, which is observed in the armpit area (find out how to distinguish a cyst from breast cancer in our material).

Diagnosis of breast pathologies

The study of abnormalities is carried out by examination, starting with anamnesis and physical examination. To determine hormone levels, you need to take blood tests. The blood also needs to be tested for AFP, which will help determine the presence or absence of tumors.

Ultrasound of the mammary glands is often performed in conjunction with sonography of the gland. Mammography is prohibited in this case. Diagnosis is carried out using resonance imaging, taking into account such brain structures as the pituitary gland, hypothalamus, and pineal gland.

In case of cystic changes, an aspiration biopsy and a detailed histological examination are performed.

Treatment of cysts and other ailments in children

One treatment cannot be used for all glandular diseases, since therapeutic methods are carried out only after a diagnosis has been established. If the mammary glands are swollen in a child under one year of age, treatment is not required, but if purulent mastitis develops, antibiotics cannot be avoided. Proper care and crystal cleanliness around are considered to be a good warning of mastitis.

Early development does not require treatment. But, if strong changes are observed in the chest, then it is impossible to do without taking therapeutic measures.

When a boy's breasts are enlarged, treatment is also required , because if juvenile gynecomastia does not go away on its own, this indicates that it needs to be treated with a hormonal drug. In some cases, pumping may be performed.

Mastopathy during puberty is treated by a mammologist and gynecologist. However, other specialists can help, since everything here depends on the cause of the pathologies and changes. Treatment of diseases in children is carried out in the same way as in adults. Read about how to treat breast tumors here.

Source: https://LechenieBolezney.com/mammologiya/mastopatiya-m/u-rebenka.html