Indications for magnetic resonance imaging of the mammary glands

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a high-precision radiation diagnostic method. With its help, images of the internal structure of the body and a virtual three-dimensional model of the part of the human body of interest are obtained. The sensitivity of MRI in diagnosing breast tumors is 97–98%. Breast implants and postoperative scars are not an obstacle to MRI diagnostics.

Principle of the MRI method

Under the influence of a powerful magnet, the hydrogen atoms of the human body are oriented along the field strength lines. By absorbing electromagnetic pulses, they move to a higher energy level. After some time, the atomic nuclei return to their original state. The energy released in this case is converted into radio signals, which are recorded by a tomograph. Based on the analysis of the received data, the computer builds an image of the area under study.

With some degree of simplification, we can say that MRI determines the hydrogen content in tissues. Why was hydrogen chosen as a signal substance? The fact is that it combines two conditions necessary for MRI:

1. It is the most abundant chemical element in the human body. It is part of water, which makes up 70% of our body, as well as fats.
2. Due to its structural features, the hydrogen atom reacts to an external magnetic field.

Pros of MRI

No radiation exposure. MRI, unlike other x-ray methods, does not use ionizing radiation. If necessary, examinations are carried out with a minimum time interval.

High resolution. The method reveals the smallest changes in the structure of soft tissues containing large amounts of water. Modern tomographs with a field power of 1.5–2 Tesla are able to detect formations 1–2 mm in size and make virtual sections in increments of 0.5 mm.

Types of MRI

Tomography is carried out both without contrast and with the use of special substances that enhance the signal and increase the accuracy of diagnosis. As a rule, a contrast based on compounds of the rare earth metal gadolinium is used. It selectively accumulates in areas of intense metabolism and abnormal circulation, characteristic of malignant tumors.

In what cases is MRI of the mammary glands performed?

MRI is an expensive diagnostic method that is not used for mass breast cancer screening. However, in some cases it is irreplaceable. Indications for MRI:

• High breast density

This is a structural feature that occurs in approximately 49% of women, in which glandular and connective tissue predominates over adipose tissue. In this case, the accuracy of standard mammography is only 28%, since the tumor merges in the image with the tissue of the gland itself.

• High risk of breast cancer (more than 20–25%)

Having breast cancer in your immediate family increases your risk of the disease. If a mutation is detected in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, regular MRI is very important, as it helps to identify the tumor at the earliest possible stage.

• Evaluation of the effectiveness of breast cancer therapy

The sensitivity of tumors to the treatment methods used varies and is not always determined by laboratory tests. MRI allows you to accurately assess the tumor’s response to treatment and, if necessary, adjust it.

• Diagnosis of breast diseases in the presence of breast implants

In this case, mammography is often ineffective or difficult. Implants cover part of the breast tissue, or do not make it possible to take a clear picture, since this requires squeezing the breast. During MRI, the mammary glands are not exposed to external influences. In addition, this is the best method for diagnosing violations of the integrity of breast prostheses.

• Detection of tumor recurrences

Using mammography and ultrasound, it is not always possible to distinguish between scar tissue and a relapse. MRI allows you to do this with high accuracy and start treatment on time.

How often should you have an MRI?

If there is a high risk of breast cancer or high breast density, examination is carried out at least once a year. The absence of radiation exposure makes it possible, if necessary, to perform MRI as often as needed.

Contraindications

The main contraindication for magnetic resonance imaging is metal objects in the body. During the examination, you will be in the scanner's strong magnetic field, which attracts any metal. MRI is not performed if:

• pacemaker;
• cochlear implant;
• metal clips used in operations on cerebral vessels;
• artificial joints, pins, plates;
• metal fragments after injuries.

Dental pins, braces, dental crowns do not interfere with the diagnosis, but the final decision is made by the radiologist.

There is no evidence of a harmful effect of a magnetic field on the course of pregnancy and fetal development, however, pregnancy in the first trimester is also a contraindication for MRI.

Contraindications for MRI with contrast

Gadolinium, used as a contrast agent, very rarely causes complications or side effects. Main contraindications for its use:

• pregnancy at any stage;
• chronic renal failure.

If you have bronchial asthma or are allergic to medications, be sure to inform your doctor before the examination.

How to prepare for the examination

No special procedures are required before breast MRI. The study is carried out from 4 to 13 days of the cycle, with menopause on any day. When contrast is used, nausea may develop, so scanning is performed on an empty stomach.

Before undergoing diagnostics, you must remove all metal-containing jewelry, watches, piercings, etc. Credit cards, phone, keys must be left in the locker room.

Before the procedure, you will have a venous catheter installed through which a contrast agent will be injected.

How is an MRI performed and what to expect during the examination?

During the examination, you will lie on your stomach, face down, on a moving table with special indentations for the mammary glands. The main task is to take the most comfortable position, since it is important to remain motionless throughout the entire scan.

Source: https://www.vitajournal.ru/health/diagnostics/mrt-molochnyh-zhelez/

MRI of the mammary glands - how is the examination performed and how to prepare for it?

Breast cancer is a common disease among women of reproductive age. This pathology does not manifest itself for a long time, which complicates the diagnostic process. MRI of the mammary glands helps determine the size of the tumor and its location.

Magnetic resonance imaging - what is it?

MRI is a non-invasive research method. This type of diagnosis allows you to determine any pathological process accompanied by changes in tissues.

Magnetic resonance imaging, the operating principle of the device is based on the use of high-frequency pulses, which are analyzed using a computer system.

Using this equipment, you can obtain a detailed image of internal organs and systems, bone tissue. Pictures can be stored either electronically or printed or copied to a medium. It is worth noting that ionizing, x-ray training is not used. Taking this into account, doctors note that there is no harm to the body.

What does a breast MRI show?

Breast MRI provides doctors with complete information about the qualitative composition of glandular tissue. Using the method, specialists receive a detailed report on the structure of the organ, the condition of its soft tissues and ducts.

The study helps to identify even small pathological formations in tissues, the size of which does not exceed 1 mm. Using MRI, it is possible to identify pathology that was not detected using other methods.

During the study, specialists receive information that is used to clarify the diagnosis, help plan further therapeutic measures, and correct the prescribed treatment. MRI shows:

• presence of seals;
• foci of inflammation;
• location of pathological formations;
• size of neoplasms.

What does a breast MRI without contrast show?

MRI of the mammary glands without contrast is often prescribed in cases where it is necessary to clarify the diagnosis or identify pathology if there is suspicion.

A referral for examination is given to those women who, after examination by a mammologist, have identified lumps in the gland. MRI of breasts with implants is performed exclusively by this method.

Using MRI without the use of a contrast agent, doctors are able to obtain the following information about the mammary gland:

• density of glandular tissue;
• condition of the ducts (no dilation, blockage);
• presence of cystic cavities;
• presence of hematoma;
• condition of breast implants.

What does a breast MRI with contrast show?

MRI of the mammary glands with contrast is performed when the presence of pathological changes in the organ is established.

During the study, a special substance is introduced into the patient’s body, which causes a glow in the light of the rays projected by the device.

As a result, the specialist sees an image of the lobules of the mammary gland on the screen, can detect pathological formations, determine their size and exact location. With contrast-enhanced breast MRI, doctors can:

• detect cysts, tumors in the gland;
• determine the nature of neoplasms;
• identify enlarged lymph nodes;
• assess the size of the pathological focus.

MRI of the mammary glands - indications

Breast tomography is recommended for all women who are predisposed to tumor diseases.

This study is included in the list of mandatory procedures for patients with a family history (family members or relatives have cancer).

Screening of women at risk is one of the main tools for early diagnosis of the disease. Other indications for examination include:

• additional diagnostics after mammography;
• assessment of the results of the operation to remove the gland - prescribed several years later in order to prevent possible relapses;
• assessment of the effectiveness of the ongoing course of chemotherapy;
• obtaining information to draw up a plan for the upcoming operation;
• postoperative examination of the gland upon completion of breast surgery.

MRI - contraindications

Before prescribing the procedure, doctors take into account all existing contraindications for MRI, absolute and relative. Diagnosis using a magnetic resonance imaging scanner cannot be performed if:

1. The presence of metal objects in the patient's body - clips, braces, implants under the influence of a magnetic field can change their location and provoke internal bleeding.
2. Hyperkinesis is a disease accompanied by involuntary muscle contractions and cramps. It is important to remain completely still during the procedure, otherwise there is a possibility of incorrect examination results.
3. Allergic reactions to contrast - gadolinium, which is administered intravenously.
4. Renal failure in chronic form.
5. The patient is using a pacemaker or has an insulin pump, which may be affected by the field.
6. Overweight – the patient’s weight should not exceed 120 kg.

Relative contraindications include situations where MRI of the mammary glands poses a risk to the patient’s health:

1. Pregnancy and breastfeeding – the field created by the equipment can negatively affect the process of intrauterine development of the fetus. The use of contrast can change the taste and composition of breast milk and cause allergies in the baby.
2. Claustrophobia is a pathological fear of closed spaces.
3. Mental disorders.
4. Tattoos made with metal paint - there is a possibility of developing a burn in this place.

Which is better - MRI or mammography of the mammary glands?

Doctors never have a question as to which is better - MRI or mammography of the mammary glands. These are two fundamentally different methods.

With the help of MRI, specialists are able to obtain a clear image of the lobules of the mammary gland and its ducts, identify existing formations, their location and size.

Because of this feature, breast tomography is often prescribed to obtain additional information and confirm the results of mammography. In addition, the contrast agent used in MRI is less likely to cause allergic reactions.

How is an MRI done?

MRI of the breast is performed both in a hospital and outpatient setting. The high cost of the equipment and the need for a qualified specialist explain the availability of the device only in large clinics.

In view of this, many patients are forced to wait in line for examination if the pathological condition does not require emergency medical intervention. The procedure itself is carried out on a special movable table, platform.

During the examination, it is necessary to lie still, so the patient is immobilized before the procedure.

When is the best time to do a breast MRI?

At the stage of preparing a woman for examination, the doctor tries to inform the patient as much as possible: how MRI of the mammary glands is performed, on what day of the cycle the procedure is performed - the doctor informs all this in advance.

Doctors recommend being examined on days 8–12 of the menstrual cycle. This time falls on the first phase of the menstrual cycle. There is no swelling or infiltration around the large milk ducts.

As a result, the doctor can obtain reliable data about the condition of the examined gland. During menopause, the time of the examination does not matter.

MRI of the mammary glands - preparation

Tomography of the mammary glands does not require any special preparatory procedures. On the day of the examination, the patient can eat food. Before performing an MRI with contrast, the doctor is interested in the possibility of allergic reactions in the patient.

If there is a history of kidney disease, then before the examination a blood test is done to assess the functional state of the organ. Immediately before an MRI of the mammary glands, the patient removes all jewelry and metal accessories.

Carrying out MRI

When performing an MRI of the breast:

1. The patient is placed on a special platform in a prone position. There are holes at the bottom for the mammary glands, eliminating pressure on the organ.
2. During the examination, it is necessary to remain motionless, so the limbs are first secured with belts.
3. When performing an MRI of the mammary glands with contrast, a special substance is injected into the patient’s vein. At the same time, connect the system with saline solution to continuously flush the system.
4. The examination area is displayed on the screen.
5. If necessary, the doctor takes digital photographs or prints them out immediately.

Source: https://womanadvice.ru/mrt-molochnyh-zhelez-kak-provodyat-obsledovanie-i-kak-k-nemu-podgotovitsya

Magnetic resonance imaging of the mammary glands

Magnetic resonance imaging of the breast is one of the most important diagnostic procedures, which is prescribed for suspicious tumors in the mammary glands.

This is the most accurate diagnosis available today, which is extremely important when diagnosing oncology.

As you know, the sooner such a serious illness is known, the greater the chances of successful and effective treatment.

MRI of the mammary glands has its contraindications and disadvantages, although minor. It is important to understand that you should not panic if a doctor suspects the presence of cancer in a woman and advises her to do a breast MRI. Ideally, all representatives of the fairer sex should use this technique at least once a year.

Indications for the use of magnetic resonance imaging of the breast

A breast MRI is recommended in situations where a woman has complaints of pain in this area or the doctor detects changes during examination. Therefore, if a doctor recommends an MRI, then it needs to be done. This procedure is absolutely safe and is recommended in the following cases:

1. When it is necessary to examine a woman’s mammary gland if she has a hereditary tendency to develop a breast cancer tumor (cases of breast cancer in close relatives).
2. The need to establish the stage of breast cancer (size, metastases, etc.).
3. A more accurate study of breast formations and the determination of further treatment or diagnostic methods.
4. Determining the presence of recurrent diseases of the breast area after surgery or after chemotherapy.
5. Finding out how effective chemotherapy is.
6. If there is a danger of compromising the integrity of the silicone breast prosthesis.

• What are the limitations to MRI of the mammary glands?
• MRI diagnostics are safe, but there is a fairly large list of contraindications.
• This is, for example:

• - Metal parts present in the patient’s skin and body (braces, implants, piercings, etc.), as this can cause bleeding;
• - Spasms, convulsions present in the patient, in this case it will not be possible to take good enough pictures;
• — Allergy to contrast agents;
• — Kidney problems (failure);
• — Diseases of the genitourinary system (contrast can cause exacerbation of the disease);
• — Installed pacemaker;
• — Diabetes;
• — Epileptic diseases;
• — Diseases of the nervous system;
• - Excessive weight.

The problem of excess weight remains at the discretion of the doctor. Obese people undergo MRI of the mammary glands, if excess weight does not prevent the woman from being placed in the machine’s chamber.

Pregnant and lactating women also undergo this diagnosis under the supervision of a doctor. In the case of feeding, it is possible to abstain from feeding the child for up to 2 days, but in the case of pregnancy, this procedure can be dangerous for the development of the fetus.

In addition, there are cases of claustrophobia among women who need an MRI examination. They cannot curb their phobia, and remain in the capsule of the device, without moving for more than half an hour. Therefore, the behavior of such a patient during the procedure may be unpredictable. There are similar difficulties with women suffering from mental illness.

The presence of tattoos that were created using dyes containing heavy metals will also complicate the MRI procedure. Such artwork on the skin can cause a burning sensation at the site of the design, or even burns.

How to prepare and how the MRI procedure works

If the procedure is performed on a patient with cancer, it is important to take with you documents and research about the disease. This is important for tracking the dynamics of the disease and the effectiveness of the treatment.

For a more accurate MRI result, it is possible to carry out the procedure using contrast, a special substance that does not cause allergies and has coloring properties.

If a tumor of an oncological nature is suspected, an MRI with contrast will determine the structure and level of density of the formation, as well as the pathology of the mammary glands.

Before preparing for an MRI with contrast, it is important to remember that the administration of contrast can cause dizziness and nausea, do not be alarmed by this.

It is recommended to do MRI of the mammary glands with and without contrast on days 10-12 of the cycle. Since it is at this time that the swelling of the mammary gland is minimal, which allows you to obtain maximum information about your health status. Women who have entered menopause are allowed to undergo an MRI at any time.

Often, doctors advise following a simple diet to prepare for the procedure:

• - Quit alcohol;
• — Do not eat fatty, spicy, salty and fried foods;
• - No smoking;
• -Reduce the amount of medications, or completely refuse (if possible);
• -Breastfeeding women should not breastfeed for 2 days.

The woman should not wear metal jewelry during the procedure.

At the beginning of the diagnosis, she lies down on a special shelf, face down. There are special recesses for the chest, which are surrounded by bolsters. It’s good if the position is comfortable, because the procedure is long and any movement is prohibited.

If an MRI of the breast is performed with contrast, the substance is supplied through a catheter; at the time of administration, you may feel hot or cold, this is normal.

The equipment makes a slightly annoying clicking sound during the procedure. To make the patient more comfortable, they may offer headphones with relaxing music. The examination time is approximately 30 minutes.

1. It is important to know that MRI of the mammary glands is almost always performed with contrast, the only exception being checking the integrity of the breast implant.
2. What does the breast examination procedure show?
3. The patient receives the result of the mammary gland examination approximately half an hour after the MRI.
4. With MRI you can see:

• — Presence or absence of oncology;
• — Size and number of formations;
• — Position of the tumor;
• — Determination of malignancy of formation.

• The data obtained make it possible to make a diagnosis and prescribe further adequate treatment.
• Alternative research methods
• Today, medicine does not have an alternative to MRI examination of the mammary glands. It is CT magnetic resonance imaging of the breast that is used in diagnosis for many reasons:

• — This procedure gives a clear understanding of the condition of the soft tissues (unlike X-rays and ultrasound);
• — MRI emits ionizing rays, which eliminates harmful effects on health;
• -This diagnosis provides the clearest images of the mammary gland, and assessment of the condition of the mammary gland is possible both from the outside and from the inside.

Who makes the conclusion and how can it be obtained?

The patient receives the diagnostic conclusion, the result of MRI of the mammary glands, in her hands. As a result, the doctor describes all modifications of the mammary glands, location, nature of formation, exact size and other necessary parameters and information that will be needed to make a diagnosis and prescribe treatment.

Thus, diagnostics with a contrast agent:

1. Determines the presence of changes in the breast.
2. Allows you to determine the exact size and position of the formation.
3. Makes it possible to determine the size of lymph nodes.
4. Determines the degree of malignancy of the formation.

Diagnostics without contrast:

1. Sees the density of the breast.
2. Allows you to study the condition of the milk ducts.
3. Allows detection of cysts.
4. Detects hematomas.
5. Sees damage to the implant and surrounding tissues.

Benefits and Risks

So, the advantages of the breast MRI procedure are obvious:

• — safety of the study, in contrast to mammography, which irradiates the patient quite strongly;
• — the ability to study factors that are not visible in other ways;
• — a fairly quick and thorough procedure that allows you to obtain accurate data;
• - allows you to diagnose the presence of a cyst;
• — no radiation and no further harm to health;
• — quick receipt of results and conclusions;
• — the procedure is more informative;
• — there are no unpleasant sensations during the diagnostic process.

Flaws:

• — impossibility of diagnostics in the presence of foreign metal bodies in the body;
• — research is difficult with tattoos where the ink contains heavy metals;
• — people who are overweight cannot undergo the procedure;
• -a contrast agent may cause discomfort;
• - a number of other diseases, carriers of which the procedure is prohibited.

The MRI procedure of the mammary glands is one of the most modern and has no analogues. MRI makes it possible to examine the most detailed changes in a woman’s breast. The procedure is absolutely harmless and does not pose any danger in the future. The patient can be examined as many times as necessary. With all this, there is no alternative at the moment.

The fact that MRI does not have radiation makes it possible to use the procedure as needed. This makes it possible to conduct research on progress due to cancer treatment. Which is extremely important for the psycho-emotional state of people who are fighting cancer.

Therefore, representatives of the fair sex should not neglect this study; doctors recommend examining the mammary gland using MRI once a year.

Such care will make it possible, if not to prevent breast cancer, then at least to identify this disease at an early stage, which will make it possible to begin treatment for it in a timely manner. And, as you know, the sooner treatment begins, the better the result will be.

Therefore, one should not belittle the importance of diagnosing the disease, as well as staging the disease; this is a very important fact that will help preserve health, and perhaps even life.

Source: http://mri-scan.ru/vidy-mrt/mrt-mamografya/

MRI of the mammary glands with contrast

A timely detected disease is many times greater than the success of treatment, so the practice of such a study as MRI makes it possible to detect any pathologies of the mammary glands, which, unfortunately, are not uncommon today. This article will tell you what this procedure is and to whom it is prescribed.

What is breast MRI

MRI is a widely used diagnostic method that can be used to identify most pathologies of the mammary glands at different stages of their course.

The basis of such a study is a powerful magnetic field, the pulses of which, through computer processing, help obtain images of mammary gland tissue for further analysis by a doctor.

Differences between MRI with and without contrast

Today, MRI can be performed with or without contrast. In the first case, a contrast agent is used to obtain a clearer image of the soft tissue of the mammary glands. Moreover, it is thanks to contrast that the study is able to identify any pathologies even in the vessels of the breast, understand the size of the existing tumor, its precise location and type.

MRI with contrast is more often practiced because it provides more accurate information about the condition of the mammary glands, and also detects cancer in the early stages of development with an accuracy of up to 97%.

Conventional tomography without contrast is less commonly used. With its help, you can identify the density of the mammary glands, study their ducts and formations in the form of cysts. This is a generalized research technique that has a slightly different diagnostic focus.

Direct indications for MRI of the mammary glands with contrast are:

1. A woman’s individual predisposition to the development of cancer in the mammary glands. This usually occurs when close female relatives have had breast cancer.
2. Comparison of the results obtained after a mammogram (sometimes an MRI study can more accurately report on the condition of the mammary glands). In addition, MRI will help to understand whether the patient needs a biopsy or whether it is not necessary.
3. Monitoring the condition of the mammary glands after recent chemotherapy or breast surgery (during the installation of implants or after tumor removal).
4. Assessing the condition of the mammary glands after mastectomy. In this case, the study will help to accurately determine whether the cancer is progressing further or the process has been stopped and remission has occurred.
5. Suspicion of the development of a cyst or oncological neoplasm in the mammary gland.
6. The appearance of pain in a woman’s chest.
7. Severe enlargement of lymph nodes in the armpit, which may indicate cancer.
8. Change in breast shape or density.

Important! MRI of the mammary glands cannot be called a method to completely replace mammography or ultrasound. To a large extent, this is an additional study that can only be prescribed by a doctor.

Contraindications

MRI examination is contraindicated in the following cases:

1. The patient has artificial heart valves or pacemakers installed.
2. Metal spirals that are located in vessels.
3. Installed joint endoprostheses.
4. The presence of metal particles in the body (a bullet, a fragment from a sharp metal object, etc.).
5. Plates or screws of metal in the body.

If you have at least one of the contraindications described above, you should definitely inform your doctor about them before performing an MRI.

Preparing for the study

In order for MRI with contrast to be successful, you should adhere to the following recommendations for preparing for this study:

1. Remove all metal objects from the body and clothing (piercings, pens, dentures, earrings, hairpins, chains, etc.). All of these can distort the MRI image.
2. A few hours before the procedure, it is better to refrain from consuming any food or drinks.
3. If a person's clothing does not have metal connections, then he can remain in it during the procedure. If there are metal objects on the clothes, then the patient needs to wear a special disposable set of clothes.

As for the sensations during the procedure, it is immediately worth noting that MRI is not painful and does not cause any discomfort.

Technology

The general technology for MRI of the mammary glands is as follows:

1. First, the patient lies down on a movable table. He needs to remain motionless.
2. Next, a contrast compound is injected intravenously.
3. The doctor conducts several scans by taking pictures.
4. The total duration of the procedure is from thirty to fifty minutes.
5. Afterwards, the patient awaits the results of the procedure in a separate room.

Side effects

Studies show that MRI with contrast causes almost no harm to the patient, especially if he follows all the necessary safety rules before the procedure.

Despite this, after this examination a person may experience the following side effects:

1. An allergic reaction to contrast that contains gadolinium (very rare).
2. Fibrosis occurs in those patients who have kidney problems.
3. Breakage or dysfunction of installed metal particles (if they were not removed before the procedure).

It is important to know that women during lactation should not breastfeed for two days after the procedure, until the contrast agent is removed from the body.

Benefits of the study

It has been proven that MRI with contrast has the following advantages:

1. During the study, the woman is not exposed to negative or harmful radiation.
2. This procedure is considered the most informative method for diagnosing breast cancer, which is more accurate than ultrasound, mammography and other studies.
3. This study allows us to detect those pathologies that may not be visible due to bone tissue with other diagnostic methods.
4. The contrast introduced during the procedure does not cause allergies, unlike other materials used in CT or X-rays.
5. MRI can detect even initial changes in the mammary glands.
6. The examination reveals the breast even when artificial implants are installed in it, which, unfortunately, is not possible with mammography.
7. Due to its safety, this study can be used both to identify pathology with obvious signs, and simply for prevention.

Results from this diagnostic

The results of this examination are given to the patient thirty minutes after it is carried out. The information received is analyzed by a doctor, who draws up a conclusion in the description. This specialist also makes a prognosis for the development of pathology and selects the optimal treatment for laughter.

If no diseases were detected, then this is also indicated in the conclusion.

As an alternative to MRI with contrast, the following types of studies can be used:

With the help of MRI of the mammary glands with contrast, you can quickly see the still developing pathology and begin timely treatment. This will help you choose the right therapy and protect the person from developing unwanted complications.

Source: https://www.mammologia.ru/diagnostika/mrt/s-kontrastom/

MRI of breast

MRI of the mammary glands is a diagnostic that depicts layer-by-layer tissue of the mammary glands, the essence of which is to use the properties of nuclear magnetic resonance.

The content of the article:

Using MRI breast diagnostics, you can identify foci of tumor formations, clarify how widespread the process is, diagnose recurrent breast cancer and tumor elements, and also identify ruptures or leaks of silicone from breast implants.

Magnetic resonance imaging data are necessary when planning a course of treatment (including surgery) and monitoring after surgery. The main feature of MRI is the ability to obtain images in different planes and perform a dynamic contrast procedure.

The MRI procedure does not irradiate the body, and therefore this diagnostic method does not cause any harm.

Magnetic resonance imaging of the breast is a method that is based on the use of radio waves, powerful magnetic radiation and computer processing of the information obtained to image the soft tissue of the breast. Diagnostics allows you to examine breast tissue polypositionally, layer-by-layer and polyprojectively.

The advantage of using MRI diagnostics is the ability to simultaneously visualize both mammary glands, as well as clearly differentiate the nature of pathological changes and the structure of the mammary glands.

Magnetic resonance imaging can be performed in two versions: against the background of contrast and natively.

Using the native version of magnetic resonance imaging, it is possible to determine cystic formations, ruptures of breast implants, hematomas, breast tissue density and dilated milk ducts.

Prices for MRI of the mammary glands can always be found out from specialists from clinics presented on MosMedPortal.

Indications for MRI of the mammary glands

Before performing an MRI diagnosis of the mammary glands, it is necessary to do an ultrasound or mammography examination. A mammologist or oncologist deciphers the indications for this diagnosis.

Using data obtained from MRI, specialists clarify the nature of tumors that were identified during mammography or ultrasound screening. Instead of mammography, women under the age of 35 are recommended to undergo MRI of the mammary glands.

Unlike other methods of visualizing tumor elements, MRI diagnostics of the breast can detect cancer and sarcoma in the early stages, even if the tumor is only half a centimeter in size. Breast MRI is used in the following cases:

• surgical planning;
• postoperative observation and rehabilitation of patients who have undergone mastectomy or radical resection, in order to detect relapse in the early stages;
• assessment of the spread of tumor elements to the chest wall;
• monitoring changes during chemotherapy.

Magnetic resonance imaging can also be used to perform a breast biopsy.

Annual breast examinations using MRI are recommended for women with an increased predisposition to cancer (in the presence of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes associated with breast cancer in the patient herself or her close relatives, or after undergoing radiation therapy and other risk factors).

For those women who have silicone implants, magnetic resonance imaging is the best diagnostic method, since the possibilities of mammographic examination in such cases are very limited. In addition, MRI allows you to monitor the integrity of breast endoprostheses, detect ruptures of the implant shell and leakage of silicone gel.

Contraindications for MRI of the mammary glands

Diagnostics is contraindicated if patients have internal electromagnetic and metal devices such as a pacemaker, cardioverter-defibrillator, vascular clips of a cochlear implant, etc.

It is difficult to conduct an MRI examination of the breast in obese patients, in patients who are unable to remain calm and still during diagnosis or who suffer from claustrophobia.

It is impossible to detect the degree of calcium accumulation in tumor elements or tissues using MRI.

When planning an MRI of the breast using a contrast agent, the fact of tolerability of gadolinium is clarified. Contrast is contraindicated in the presence of sickle cell anemia or diseases of the urinary system.

MRI during pregnancy is performed only when the diagnostic benefit of MRI outweighs the possible risk of impact on the fetus.

If diagnostics using a contrast agent are performed during lactation, then breastfeeding should be suspended for 2 days.

Carrying out MRI of the mammary glands

In order for the data obtained from MRI of the breast to be more informative, the diagnosis should be carried out at least a week after the start of menstruation. For postmenopausal women, the test can be done at any time.

A patient entering the tomograph room should remove clothing with metal inserts, hearing aids, jewelry, watches, glasses and other items containing metal.

To perform the study, the patient lies on the examination table; The breast is placed in special holes surrounded by a spiral, which receive signals from the MRI machine.

If during MRI it is necessary to increase the volume of contrast agent, it is administered intravenously through a catheter.

During an MRI, the patient is placed in a tomograph housing where scans are taken. The duration of the diagnostic study is from half an hour to an hour.

Risks and Limitations of Breast MRI

If you follow the recommendations and examination technique, then MRI of the mammary glands will not cause any harm to the patient.

The administration of a contrast agent may be accompanied by a short-term feeling of cold or heat, which soon passes.

You can report any changes in condition or sensations during magnetic resonance imaging to specialists by contacting them using the call button. The patient may experience bruising at the injection site.

In rare cases, an infectious process develops at the site of removal of the intravenous catheter. In addition, itching of the eyes and skin, hives, and nausea may occur after using a contrast agent.

MRI examination of the mammary glands is a fairly expensive diagnostic that requires highly qualified personnel and specialized equipment. Despite high sensitivity and specificity, MRI of the mammary glands does not detect calcium accumulation in tissues and often gives erroneous, false-positive results.

Due to the fact that MRI diagnostics of the mammary glands uses powerful electromagnetic radiation, this method may be contraindicated for a certain group of patients.

You can find out where you can get an MRI of the mammary glands in Moscow on our website.

Source: https://www.mosmedportal.ru/article/mrt-molochnykh-zhelez/

MRI of the mammary glands with or without contrast: what does breast tomography show in women?

In the human body, many important processes occur every second that ensure its health and normal functioning. Regular comprehensive diagnostics allows you to monitor the condition of internal organs and systems for pathological changes or the presence of neoplasms.

One of the most modern, safe, and most importantly - informative and accurate diagnostic methods is MRI. MRI is especially often used to study changes or pathologies in the mammary glands.

What is MRI of the mammary glands?

The technique involves using the phenomenon of nuclear magnetic resonance and the response of hydrogen atoms to it. Breast MRI is the most informative and accurate way to examine tissues, blood vessels and lymph nodes. Tomography determines all structural changes and pathologies. Specialists have the ability to diagnose cancer in its early stages.

The non-invasive procedure is completely painless and safe. Unlike X-ray mammography, which is prescribed after 45 years, MRI is allowed at any age, since there is no ionizing radiation.

WHO recommends that all women undergo this procedure regularly to prevent or early diagnose breast cancer.

Indications for breast examination

Due to its safety and accuracy, breast examination has many indications:

• regular annual screening for women with a high probability of developing cancer for its timely diagnosis (if close relatives have had cases of breast or ovarian cancer, with an increased level of tumor markers);
• regular screening for timely diagnosis of pathologies and neoplasms for women with breast implants or large scars that make it difficult to conduct X-ray mammography and evaluate its results;
• for diseases of the mammary glands in pregnant and lactating women;
• to confirm or clarify the results of other studies (mastopathy, fibroadenoma);
• if a tumor is suspected to determine its benignity or malignancy;
• in preparation for surgery to clarify the location of the tumor, its size, and the presence of metastases;
• after a course of chemotherapy or radiation therapy to evaluate the results;
• after surgery;
• for the diagnosis of lymph nodes;
• in the presence of injury in the mammary glands;
• for owners of breast implants - to check their integrity, correct position and condition of the tissues in general.

When is it contraindicated?

There is a category of women who should refuse breast tomography:

1. during pregnancy, especially in the first trimester (breastfeeding women undergo MRI only if absolutely necessary);
2. women suffering from renal failure;
3. the presence on (in) the body of metal objects that cannot be removed during scanning (prostheses, plates, metal braces, implants, tattoos made with metal-containing ink);
4. the presence of pacemakers and insulin pumps on the body (their functioning will be impaired under the influence of a magnet);
5. psychological disorders;
6. weight more than 150 kg (few clinics have equipment designed for large people).

Types of tomography and their differences

In some cases, contrast is used. It allows you to clearly see new growths, determine the nature of their origin and structure. The effectiveness of this type of MRI increases to 95%. It is used in oncology and diagnosis of lymph nodes.

With contrast

The patient is injected intravenously with a contrast agent, which quickly spreads through the bloodstream and enters the soft tissues. Under the influence of a magnet, the contrast in the image is brightly highlighted.

Malignant tumors always have more blood vessels and increased tissue metabolism, which is why they glow brightly on the screen in contrast to healthy tissue. this allows you to accurately determine the malignancy or benignity of the formation, the degree of its growth, shape, size and exact location, as well as the presence of metastases in the lymph nodes.

Contrast is used if cancer is suspected throughout the course of treatment, before surgery, and also after it on a regular basis (to accurately distinguish scar tissue from a possible relapse). the substance itself is completely harmless and is quickly eliminated from the body.

no contrast

in this case, diagnostics allows the doctor to study the structure and density of soft tissues and determine possible changes. If pathologies are detected, it is recommended to undergo a more detailed examination using a contrast agent.

preparation for the procedure

Preparation for magnetic resonance imaging is simple and gentle, but some rules must be followed:

1. On the day of the procedure, you are allowed to eat normally and drink fluids. However, your doctor may recommend following a certain diet. You need to inform about the medications you are taking - you may also need to stop taking them temporarily.
2. If a woman has a constant menstrual cycle, tomography should be performed on days 11-16 from the first day of the last menstruation. Ideally - 14-16.
3. You need to remove clothes with metal buttons, rivets or zippers; many clinics provide disposable medical shirts (you can buy these at the pharmacy). You also need to remove all jewelry, piercings, watches, and there should be no credit cards or coins in your pockets (anything that can react to a magnet).
4. The doctor collects a complete medical history. The patient reports previous illnesses and operations, the presence of prostheses or implants. If necessary, you will have to undergo additional laboratory tests before the procedure. Allergies to medications must be reported (if contrast will be used).

Stages of MR tomography of the breast

Magnetic resonance imaging of the breast is a routine procedure. It does not require hospitalization and is performed on an outpatient basis, taking little time (30-60 minutes).

Stages of implementation:

1. the patient lies down on the moving table of the tomograph with her stomach down (it should have special holes for the chest);
2. if required, contrast is administered intravenously (a short-term attack of fever or chills are options for a normal reaction);
3. the table slides into the tunnel of the device, after which scanning begins;
4. the patient hears a click or crackling sound, but there is no pain;
5. during the scan, a doctor monitors the patient’s condition from the next room and can talk to her;
6. After the procedure is completed, the woman “leaves” the device.

Evaluation of results

As a rule, the results of the study are delivered within half an hour (in some clinics - the next day).

In the description, the diagnostician describes in detail the pathologies or changes in soft tissues found, their nature, size, extent of distribution and location, as well as other parameters and characteristics.

Based on the procedure, the attending physician assesses the patient’s condition, prescribes a course of treatment and, if possible, gives a prognosis for recovery.

If the MRI was done with contrast, the doctor receives the following data:

• the presence of a focus of inflammation and pathological processes;
• identification of neoplasms (their size and location);
• determination of malignancy or benignity of a tumor;
• studying the condition and size of nearby lymph nodes.

MRI without contrast shows:

• breast tissue density;
• pathology or inflammation of the milk ducts;
• the presence of cysts or hematomas;
• condition of breast implants and adjacent tissues.

How much does it cost to have an MRI scan of the breast?

It is difficult to unequivocally answer the question of how much the procedure costs, since the price depends on the chosen clinic and city. It varies from 5000 rubles. up to 15,000 rub. The average cost is 7,000 – 9,000 rubles.

When choosing where to get an MRI, you need to focus not only on the cost of the procedure, but also on the reputation of the clinic. It is important that diagnostics are carried out using modern and new equipment that will give the most accurate results.

Source: https://vedmed-expert.ru/mrt/jenchinam/mrt-molochnyh-zhelez.html