What can a child’s fever, cough and rash indicate?

A rash that appears after a high fever or at the height of an illness usually causes confusion and fear among parents. The question arises: what happened to the child, and what should adults do? We will talk about this in our article.

Children's skin can react to a wide range of external and internal irritants with various skin rashes.

The skin of babies is 2.5 times thinner than the skin of adults, it contains a significant amount of moisture. Anything can affect the health of the skin of young children - dry air, allergenic foods, medications, viruses and bacteria. Local immunity, like general immunity, is poorly developed in children.

During high temperatures, the body undergoes overheating, hyperthermia, sweat production increases, the purpose of which is to cool the skin, and a rash may appear because of this.

The rash is accompanied by a large number of viral and bacterial infections, which also occur with fever and fever.

Let's look at the main reasons why rashes may appear on a child's body due to fever.

The causes can be divided into two large groups - infectious and non-infectious.

The most harmless reason is sweat rash. Sweat, which is produced in large quantities during a fever, leads to local irritation of the delicate baby skin.

The ducts of the sweat glands in children have an anatomical age-related feature - they are narrow, the discharge of sweat is difficult, and the sweat glands can become inflamed because of this. This is how the rash appears.

Such rashes can be distinguished from others by strong redness around the elements of the rash ; the erythema can be quite extensive and cover the entire area of ​​skin folds. Places where the rash is localized are skin folds, groin area, buttocks, armpits, folds under the chin, scalp skin, and scalp.

This phenomenon should not cause much concern. Under the influence of fresh air and clean water, the rash quickly disappears. The child should be rinsed with warm, but not hot water, the diaper rash should be treated with Bepanten or spray (if the rash is wet), and the baby should be changed into clean and dry clothes made from natural fabrics.

Don't dress him too warmly. At temperatures above 38.0 degrees, it is better to completely undress the child down to his underpants.

When the baby gets sick, parents begin to give antipyretics. It is to them that an allergic reaction can develop. The likelihood of an allergic rash increases if fever medication is given in the form of a sweet syrup. If parents start using other medications, the risk of an allergic reaction increases several times.

An allergic rash can appear as red spots with bumps, peeling and crusts, most often on the cheeks, chest and neck. An allergic rash is usually noticeable because it is itchy and itchy. Individual elements can merge, creating large lesions.

If such a rash appears in a child under one year old, you should definitely call a pediatrician.

He will prescribe an antihistamine according to age, and will also be able to recommend an ointment with an antihistamine effect. If the allergy is extensive, then the doctor may prescribe an ointment based on glucocorticosteroid hormones.

If during a fever or after a high temperature a rash appears on the body, face, or limbs, this may be a sign of an infectious disease.

The rash associated with this infectious disease has a characteristic appearance and style of “behavior.” It appears against a background of a temperature of 37.5-38.0 degrees; bubbles with serous fluid form from the tubercles in a matter of hours.

When these vesicles burst, a yellowish crust appears in their place, which is quite itchy, and new elements appear nearby.

The rash can be observed all over the body . In addition to it, chickenpox is characterized by symptoms typical of a viral infection: headache, respiratory symptoms in the form of a runny nose and cough, a feeling of aching muscles and joints. Some children may experience abdominal pain and even diarrhea.

To begin with, parents should definitely call a doctor at home , since chickenpox, like most other infections with skin rashes, is very contagious.

For a mild form of the disease, the doctor will recommend bed rest, plenty of fluids and a light diet. To reduce the temperature of chickenpox , Paracetamol is given; after opening the vesicles, the rash is treated with brilliant green or Acyclovir.

This is also a very contagious viral infectious disease, in which a small child first develops a fever and then a rash. The temperature can reach 39.0 degrees and above, and lacrimation appears.

The rash looks quite characteristic - it is a small red rash that appears 3-4 days after the onset of an acute illness. First, the rash appears on the mucous membranes - in the mouth, on the inner surface of the cheeks, on the palate, after which it quickly spreads throughout the body. Mild itching may occur.

Most often, measles affects children between 1 and 5 years of age. Babies under one year of age rarely become infected with this disease; they are protected by antibodies received from the mother, the so-called innate immunity.

Treatment of measles is not much different from treatment of other viral infections. The child is prescribed bed rest, plenty of warm drinks, and a diet.

Antiviral drugs, although prescribed everywhere by local pediatricians, do not have any effect on the course of the disease. Therefore, therapy is symptomatic: for high fever - antipyretics, for itchy skin - antihistamines. The rash does not require special treatment.

The rash itself is small, oval, pink . Its individual elements do not merge with each other. The first rashes appear on the face and neck, but within a couple of hours the rash already covers the entire body.

After three days, the rashes begin to fade and gradually disappear. The temperature can remain the same all this time.

If you have rubella, the child should be isolated from other children and especially from pregnant women. The rest of the care for the baby is quite standard - vitamins, bed rest, drinking and ventilation of the room. The rash does not need treatment.

If after three days of high (up to 39.0 and above degrees) temperature the child feels better, the fever subsides, and 10-12 hours after that the body, head, face are covered with a pinkish rash, then we are most likely talking about roseola, a three-day fever or the so-called “sixth disease”.

It is caused by herpesvirus type six, and at first even experienced pediatricians mistake the disease for a common ARVI, and when a rash appears, for an allergy to antipyretic drugs.

This is why the diagnosis of “sudden childhood exanthema” so rarely appears in the medical records of young patients. The disease is not dangerous; the rash usually disappears without a trace within 5-6 days without any treatment.

In the acute stage, when the child has a high fever, it is important to monitor the temperature, give antipyretics, and give the baby something to drink to prevent dehydration. If febrile seizures occur, you should call an ambulance.

The illness begins with signs of general severe malaise. They are caused by an exotoxin produced by microbes in the child’s body. Then the body temperature rises to 39.0 degrees, a severe headache appears, a feeling of nausea, and some children begin to vomit.

A yellowish coating appears in the throat and tonsils, the tongue turns crimson. After about 24 hours, a rash appears. Small dots, and this is what the rash looks like, cover the face, and then the chest and arms. The rash appears on the back, under the arms, in the groin folds, and under the knees.

If you run your fingernail over it, a white light stripe remains for a few seconds, after which the elements of the rash on it again become visible. There is no rash only in the area of ​​the nasolabial triangle.

The rash may be accompanied by itching. They exist on the child’s skin for about a week, after which they lighten and disappear.

Treatment can take place both at home and in a hospital - it depends on the severity of the disease.

The child is prescribed antibiotics , as well as antihistamines for itching, antipyretics and enterosorbents at the initial stage to relieve symptoms of intoxication. In any case, treatment for scarlet fever should begin by calling a doctor at home. There is no need to go to the clinic, because the disease is very contagious.

This disease is also of bacterial origin, caused by meningococcus. Against the background of high fever, chills, sore throat, and runny nose, the child may develop red vascular dots on the skin. The earlier these “stars” appear from the onset of the disease, the more unfavorable the prognosis.

The first elements of the rash appear on the legs, buttocks and lower abdomen. The vascular pattern can spread further, covering the entire body, including the face; dots can even appear on the eyeballs. In essence, the rashes are small pinpoint hemorrhages in the skin.

Most often, treatment is carried out in a hospital with the use of antibacterial drugs, infusion of saline and saline mineral and vitamin solutions to relieve severe intoxication.

The disease can begin abruptly, with a high fever, or it can develop slowly, after several days of low-grade fever (37.0-37.8 degrees).

The child’s lymph nodes become enlarged and all the classic symptoms of a viral infection appear: runny nose, cough, sore throat. The tonsils are enlarged, covered with plaque, and a rash may appear 3-4 days after the onset of the disease.

The rash has the appearance of tubercles and is practically not prone to merging. The location of the dislocation can be anywhere, even on the heels and palms there may well be mononucleosis rashes; it is for this reason that the disease is sometimes confused with diseases caused by the Coxsackie virus.

Infectious mononucleosis itself is not as dangerous as its complications , which can cause swelling and disruption of brain activity with serious consequences for the child. Therefore, consultation with a doctor is mandatory.

A child with a severe form of the disease is hospitalized, while mild forms of the disease require home treatment.

The child is prescribed strict bed rest, plenty of warm drinks, easily digestible food, and antipyretic drugs.

On the recommendation of a doctor, some nootropic drugs that improve blood flow to the brain can be prescribed. The rash does not require special treatment; it disappears on its own as it heals.

What not to do:

• You should not try to diagnose your child on your own and start treatment without a doctor. Incorrect therapy can lead to serious consequences for the health and life of the child.
• A child should not be allowed to communicate with other children if the rash appears against or after a fever - there is about a 90% chance that he has an infectious disease, and it is contagious.
• You should not lubricate skin rashes, regardless of diagnosis, with alcohol and alcohol-containing compounds, as well as iodine. Alcohol dries out children's skin, and iodine causes local burns, which only worsens the baby's condition and well-being.
• You should not smear the rash, regardless of the reason for which it appeared, with baby cream and other oil-based ointments. These products interfere with the “breathing” of the skin and heat transfer.
• Do not pierce or manually remove elements of the rash.

In the video below, Dr. Komarovsky talks all about baby rash.

Source: https://o-krohe.ru/syp/i-temperatura/

Exactly! measles, chickenpox, rubella and other infectious diseases in children. viral, allergic rash in a child

Content:

Rash! With or without fever, small and large, itchy and not very itchy, “bubbles”; or “plaques” - it always frightens parents equally, because finding the cause of the “rashes” is sometimes difficult. Suddenly covered with red spots, the child himself resembles a living monster, and turns the parents’ life into a horror film. There is no need to be afraid, we need to be treated!

Chickenpox, or chickenpox

Pathogen: Varicella-Zoster virus (VZV).

Method of transmission: airborne. It is transmitted from a sick person to a healthy person by talking, coughing, or sneezing.

Immunity to chickenpox: lifelong. Produced either as a result of illness or after vaccination. In children whose mothers had chickenpox or were vaccinated against it, immunity to chickenpox is transmitted from the mother in utero and persists for the first 6-12 months of life.

Incubation period: from 10 to 23 days.

Infectious period: the entire period of the rash + 5 days after the last rash.

Manifestations: red dots appear simultaneously with a rise in temperature. However, sometimes the temperature may remain normal or rise slightly.

A distinctive feature of chickenpox is a rash on the head under the hair and on the mucous membranes (in the mouth, on the eyelid, etc.). Very often this rash itches.

Treatment: chicken pox goes away on its own, so treatment can only be symptomatic: lower the temperature, treat the itchy rash with brilliant green (so that by scratching the blisters, the child does not introduce additional infection there), give an antihistamine to make itching less. You can swim if you have chickenpox! But at the same time, you should not rub the affected areas; instead, you need to gently blot them with a towel.

Important: you need to use brilliant green or other dyes (fucorcin, etc.) in order not to miss the next rash, because only old spots will be smeared. It is also easier to track the appearance of the last outbreak of the rash.

Herpes simplex

Causative agent: herpes simplex virus. There are two types: herpes simplex virus type I causes rashes in the mouth, type II - in the genital area and anus.

Method of transmission: airborne droplets and contact (kissing, shared household items, etc.).

Immunity: not developed, the disease occurs with periodic exacerbations due to stress or other infections (ARVI, etc.).

Incubation period: 4-6 days.

Contagious period: all the time of rash.

Manifestations: a few days before the rash appears, itching and soreness of the skin may occur. Then a group of closely spaced bubbles will appear in this place. The temperature rises extremely rarely.

Treatment: special antiviral ointments, for example with acyclovir, etc.

Important: use the ointment immediately after itching and pain occur, even before blisters appear. In this case, rashes may not occur at all.

Hand-foot-mouth syndrome

(from the English name Hand-Foot-and-Mouth Disease, HFMD), or enteroviral vesicular stomatitis with exanthema.

Pathogen: enteroviruses.

Mode of transmission: fecal-oral and airborne. The virus is transmitted from person to person through communication, conversation, and the use of common household items (dishes, toys, bed, etc.).

Immunity: after illness - lifelong.

Incubation period: from 2 days to 3 weeks, on average about 7 days. Infectious period: from the onset of the disease.

Manifestations: first the temperature rises and stomatitis begins: rashes on the oral mucosa, pain when eating, excessive salivation.

The name of the disease comes from the location of the rash: it is located on the hands, feet and around the mouth. The rash lasts 3-7 days, after which it disappears without a trace.

Treatment: there is no specific treatment; symptomatic drugs are used to reduce fever and relieve pain during stomatitis. The disease goes away on its own; complications are possible only if a bacterial or fungal infection occurs in the oral cavity.

It is not easy to make a diagnosis of enteroviral vesicular stomatitis, because... The rash does not appear immediately and is very often regarded as a manifestation of an allergy.

Important: despite the active use of various painkillers in the treatment of stomatitis, the first few days it may be very painful for a child to eat.

In such cases, it is good to use the most liquid food possible (milk, dairy products, milkshakes, baby food for babies, soups, etc.) and give it through a straw.

Be sure to monitor the temperature of the food: it should not be cold or too hot - only warm.

Roseola

(sudden exanthema, sixth disease)

Causative agent: another representative of the glorious family of herpes viruses is herpes virus type 6.

Method of transmission: airborne. The infection spreads through talking, socializing, sneezing, etc.

Immunity: after illness - lifelong. Children under 4 months have immunity received in utero from their mother. Incubation period: 3-7 days.

Infectious period: throughout the illness.

Treatment: only symptomatic therapy - drinking plenty of fluids, lowering the temperature, etc.

The herpes virus worsens due to stress or infections, such as ARVI.

The disease goes away on its own, there are practically no complications.

Roseola is often called pseudorubella, because. the skin manifestations of these diseases are very similar. A distinctive feature of roseola is the appearance of rashes after a drop in temperature.

Important: as in the case of enteroviral stomatitis, a rash that does not appear on the first day of illness is often regarded as allergic. Sometimes it is really difficult to distinguish them, but an allergic rash, as a rule, itches quite a lot, but with roseola there should be no itching.

Rubella

Pathogen: rubella virus

Method of transmission: airborne. The virus is transmitted through communication, coughing, and talking.

Immunity: lifelong. It is produced either after an illness or after vaccination. For children whose mothers had rubella or were vaccinated against it, immunity to rubella is transmitted in utero and persists for the first 6-12 months of life.

Incubation period: from 11 to 24 days.

Infectious period: from the 7th day from infection until the rash completely disappears + another 4 days.

Manifestations: temperature rises. A small, pale pink, non-itchy rash appears on the face, limbs, and torso, and at the same time the posterior cervical lymph nodes enlarge. The temperature lasts no more than 2-3 days, and the rash goes away on the 2-7th day from its onset.

Treatment: symptomatic therapy only: drinking plenty of fluids, lowering the temperature if necessary, etc. Children tolerate the disease easily, but adults often experience complications.

Rubella is especially dangerous in the first trimester of pregnancy: the virus crosses the placenta and causes congenital rubella in the baby, which can result in deafness, cataracts or heart defects in the newborn.

Therefore, everyone, especially girls, is strongly recommended to undergo vaccination against this disease.

Measles

Pathogen: measles virus (Polinosa morbillarum)

Method of transmission: airborne. The unusually contagious and highly volatile measles virus can not only be transmitted through direct contact with a sick person, but also, for example, spread through ventilation pipes, infecting people in neighboring apartments.

Immunity: lifelong. It is produced either after an illness or after vaccination. For children whose mothers had measles or were vaccinated against it, immunity to measles is transmitted in utero and persists for the first 6-12 months of life.

Incubation period: 9-21 days.

Infectious period: From the last two days of the incubation period until the 5th day of rash/

Treatment: symptomatic therapy: drinking plenty of fluids, darkened room (since conjunctivitis is accompanied by photophobia), antipyretics. Children under 6 years of age are prescribed antibiotics to prevent bacterial infection. Thanks to vaccination, measles has now become a fairly rare disease.

Erytherma infectiosum, or fifth disease

Pathogen: parvovirus B19

Method of transmission: airborne. Most often, the infection occurs in children in organized children's groups - nurseries, kindergartens and schools.

• Immunity: after illness - lifelong.
• Incubation period: 6-14 days.
• Infectious period: incubation period + entire period of illness.

Manifestations: it all starts like a normal ARVI. Within 7-10 days, the child feels some discomfort (sore throat, slight runny nose, headache), but as soon as he “gets better,” a red, confluent rash appears on the cheeks, most reminiscent of mark from a slap.

At the same time or after a few days, rashes appear on the torso and limbs, which form “garlands” on the skin, but do not itch. The red color of the rash quickly changes to bluish-red.

Over the next two to three weeks, the temperature remains low, and the rash appears and disappears, depending on physical activity, air temperature, contact with water, etc.

Treatment: there is no specific treatment, only symptomatic therapy. The disease goes away on its own, complications are extremely rare.

Scarlet fever

Causative agent: group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus.

Method of transmission: airborne. The pathogen is transmitted by talking, coughing, and using common household items (dishes, toys, etc.).

1. Immunity: after illness - lifelong.
2. Incubation period: 1-7 days.
3. Infectious period: the first few days of the disease.

Manifestations: the disease begins in the same way as a regular sore throat (sore throat, fever). Rashes characteristic of scarlet fever appear on the 1st-3rd day from the onset of the disease.

The rash is small, bright pink, located mainly on the cheeks, groin and sides of the body and disappears after 3-7 days. The nasolabial triangle remains pale and free of rash - this is the hallmark of scarlet fever.

After the rash disappears, the skin on the palms and soles begins to actively peel off.

Treatment: only broad-spectrum antibiotics. It is very important to start treatment as early as possible, because... Scarlet fever can trigger the development of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatism, glomerulonephritis, and autoimmune brain damage.

Important: since scarlet fever can provoke the development of serious autoimmune diseases, doctors recommend blood and urine tests for early diagnosis of possible complications. They are taken for the first time during illness, and then repeated two weeks after recovery. At the same time, it is recommended to do an electrocardiogram.

Educational program Incubation period is the period when infection has already occurred, but the disease has not yet developed. The infectious period is the time when a sick person can infect others.

It is customary to distinguish six “primary” diseases with a rash: the first disease is measles, the second disease is scarlet fever, the third disease is rubella, the fourth disease is infectious mononucleosis, the fifth disease is erythema infectiosum, the sixth disease is infantile roseola (sudden exanthema).

Shulamith Wolfson, pediatrician, employee of the Nutrition Clinic of the Research Institute of Nutrition of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences

Source: https://www.7ya.ru/article/V-tochku/

Rash on a child's body???? — photo with explanations: small, goosebump-like, red and without itching

Human skin can be called an indicator of health. This is especially true for a small child, whose skin is very sensitive to any changes - both in external conditions and in the general condition of the internal organs and systems of the body.

Skin rashes can be of different types. Some of them are not dangerous, others are a signal of the development of an allergic, infectious or autoimmune process. You cannot ignore a rash in a child or treat it yourself without finding out the root cause.

Skin rashes are a very common occurrence in young children.

Types of rashes in babies

In dermatology, there are three large groups into which all possible skin rashes in infants are divided:

1. Physiological. This type of rash occurs in newborns. Rashes appear on the body as a result of hormonal changes occurring in the body.
2. Immunological. It is a consequence of exposure to various irritating factors on the epidermis, such as allergens, temperature or friction. Such rashes include urticaria, prickly heat, an allergic reaction, or atopic dermatitis. Violation of basic hygiene rules can also lead to unwanted manifestations.
3. Infectious. A rash is a symptom that accompanies a certain infectious (viral) disease, for example, chicken pox or scarlet fever (more details in the article: how is an infectious rash in children with viral exanthema treated?).

Causes of rashes

There are many reasons why rashes may appear on the head, face, arms, legs, sternum, back or back of the head. The most likely are:

1. Viral diseases. These include measles, rubella, chickenpox, and mononucleosis.
2. Diseases of bacterial etiology. For example, scarlet fever.
3. Allergy. Food products, hygiene products, clothing, household chemicals, perfumes and cosmetics, and insect bites can cause an allergic reaction.
4. Mechanical damage to the epidermis. If the wound is treated insufficiently, irritation of the skin around it may begin, manifested in the form of pimples, white spots, colorless blisters, goosebumps, red or pink spots.
5. Problems with blood clotting. In this situation, the rash consists of small hemorrhages characteristic of meningococcal meningitis.

So, rashes in babies come in different types and have different etiologies. It is not worthwhile to independently diagnose and determine the type of rash using photos from the Internet, even with good explanations. This should be done by a specialist.

Diseases accompanied by rashes

Any type of rash on the body is a symptom of the disease. They can be very different in appearance. The rash can be papular, pinpoint or, conversely, in the form of large dots or pimples.

It comes in a variety of colors, ranging from clear or white to bright red. The characteristics that describe rashes directly depend on their etiology or the illness that they accompany.

Dermatological diseases

Among the diseases of dermatological etiology, the symptoms of which are a variety of rashes, the following can be noted:

Almost always, skin diseases are caused by problems with internal organs and systems combined with exposure to external factors. For example, neurodermatitis can be triggered by malfunctions of the nervous and endocrine systems due to decreased immunity. In such a situation, complex therapy is required using medications, and not just ointments or creams.

Psoriasis on the hands of a child

As for psoriasis, at the initial stage it looks like an allergic reaction, but over time the plaques acquire a characteristic appearance. Another name for the disease is lichen planus. Psoriasis and eczema are very rare in children of one month of age. Genetic predisposition to these diseases only after 2 years.

Allergic reaction

One of the main symptoms of allergies is a rash. A negative reaction is the result of taking medications or eating certain foods. Having different shapes and sizes, the rashes can spread throughout the body, including the face, chest, and limbs.

The main characteristic difference between an allergy rash is that it increases in severity when exposed to an allergen and disappears after eliminating the irritant. Another feature is the presence of severe itching.

The most common manifestations of an allergic rash are:

1. Hives. Occurs due to foods, medications and temperature factors. Sometimes it is impossible to determine the true cause of hives.
2. Atopic dermatitis. It is a papular red rash that, as it develops, merges and becomes crusty. It most often occurs on the face, cheeks and places where the arms and legs are bent. Accompanied by itching.

Atopic dermatitis or eczema

Infectious diseases

Quite often, a rash is a sign of an infectious disease. The most famous of them:

1. Chickenpox. The child develops characteristic watery blisters, which dry out and form a crust. They are characterized by itching. The temperature may also rise, but sometimes the disease goes away without it.
2. Rubella. The main symptoms are enlarged lymph nodes in the neck and a rash in the form of small red spots or dots that first appear on the face and then move to the neck, shoulders and then spread throughout the body.
3. Measles. It appears as round spots and nodules behind the ears, spreading throughout the body. The disease is also accompanied by peeling, pigmentation disorders, fever, conjunctivitis, cough and photophobia.
4. Scarlet fever. Initially, the rashes are localized on the cheeks, then move to the limbs, chest and torso. Gradually the rash becomes paler. Scarlet fever is also characterized by a bright red coloration of the palate and tongue.
5. Roseola. It starts with an increase in temperature. The fever lasts about three days, after which a pinpoint red rash appears on the body.
6. Scabies. It is characterized by a red rash that is very itchy.

Chickenpox symptoms are difficult to confuse with symptoms of another infection Rubella rash Signs of measles Roseola rash

Rashes in a newborn

The sensitive skin of newborns is most susceptible to negative external influences. Among the most common cases of rashes on the body of a baby are:

1. Prickly heat. It usually appears in a child due to heat as a result of overheating and difficulty sweating. Most often, this type of rash forms on the head, in particular under the hair, on the face, in the folds of the skin, where diaper rash is present. The rashes are blisters and spots that do not cause discomfort to the child (see also: rough spots on the child's body as a symptom). For diaper rash, the time-tested Panthenol Spray with dexpanthenol, a precursor substance to vitamin B5, is also used, stimulating skin regeneration processes. Unlike analogues, which are cosmetics, this is a certified medicinal product and can be used from the first day of a child’s life. It’s easy to apply – just spray it on the skin without rubbing. PanthenolSpray is produced in the European Union, in compliance with high European quality standards; you can recognize the original PanthenolSpray by the smiley face next to the name on the packaging.
2. Acne of newborns. Inflamed papules and pustules affect the face, scalp under the hair and neck. They are a consequence of the activation of the sebaceous glands through maternal hormones. Such acne usually does not need to be treated, but quality care and moisturizing of the skin should be provided. They pass without a trace, leaving no scars or pale spots.
3. Toxic erythema. It appears in the form of papules and pustules, having a white-yellow color, with a diameter of 1 to 2 mm, surrounded by a red rim. They appear on the second day of life, then gradually go away on their own.

Heat rash on the face of a baby

How to determine the disease by the location of the rash?

One of the important characteristics of rashes on the body is their localization. It is by what part of the body the spots, dots or pimples are located that one can determine the nature of the problem and the disease that became the root cause of their appearance.

Naturally, this is not the only parameter that is necessary to establish an accurate diagnosis, but it is quite possible to reduce the number of variants of ailments. However, a dermatologist should analyze the factors that caused the appearance of a rash on a particular part of the body and how to treat it in order to avoid serious consequences of self-medication.

Rash on face

In addition to the fact that the appearance of small pimples or spots on the face indicates pathologies in the body, such defects also become an aesthetic problem.

The reasons why the rash affects the facial area can be very diverse:

1. Reaction to sunlight. Occurs with prolonged exposure to the sun.
2. Allergy. It can be caused by cosmetics, for example, creams containing citrus oils. Food is also often the cause.
3. Prickly heat. It is observed in infants one year of age and younger with poor quality skin care.
4. Diathesis. It affects children who are breastfed.
5. Puberty in adolescents.
6. Infectious diseases. Among them are measles, rubella and scarlet fever.

INTERESTING: rubella in children: what does it look like at the beginning of the disease?

Rashes all over the body

Quite often, the rash affects more than one specific area, but spreads throughout almost the entire body.

Allergic rash in a newborn

If a child is covered with various kinds of rashes, this indicates:

1. Erythema toxic. The rash affects 90% of the body. Disappears within 3 days after toxins are removed.
2. Newborn acne (we recommend reading: how to treat acne in newborns according to Komarovsky?). Bathing with baby soap, air baths, care and proper nutrition are the solution to this problem.
3. Allergic reaction. It can manifest itself as urticaria or contact dermatitis on any part of the body where there was contact with the allergen.
4. Infections. If nothing has changed in the child’s diet and habits, then the possible cause of the rash is an infectious disease.

Red dots on arms and legs

As for the rash on the extremities, its main cause is usually an allergy. These allergic manifestations especially affect the hands. They can remain on the skin for a long time if the child experiences constant stress, emotional distress and fatigue. If left untreated, the problem can develop into eczema.

Another reason why your hands and feet may become itchy is a fungal disease (such as psoriasis, scabies or lupus). In cases where there is no rash in other places, a simple miliaria is possible.

Allergic rash on a child’s foot READ ALSO: how to treat a rash on a child’s arms and legs?

Rash on the stomach

The main factor that can trigger the appearance of a rash on the abdomen is infection, in particular, such well-known diseases as measles, rubella, scarlet fever and chicken pox. With timely and competent treatment, the rash begins to disappear within 3-4 days.

READ IN DETAIL: How is a red rash on a child’s stomach treated?

Usually, in addition to the abdomen, the skin is affected in other places. However, if the rash is present exclusively on the abdomen, then contact dermatitis is most likely caused by an allergen coming into contact with the baby's tummy.

Rashes on the head and neck

A rash on the head or neck is most often a result of heat rash. In this case, the child’s thermoregulation should be normalized and proper skin care should be provided. You can also smear the affected areas with ointments and bathe the baby in a series.

INTERESTING: photo of heat rash in children

Other reasons for the appearance of a rash in these places include:

Atopic dermatitis

Red dots on the back

The most common causes of red spots on the back and shoulders are:

READ ALSO: what scarlet fever looks like in children: photos and treatment

Two more probable diseases associated with such a location of red dots as the back are:

1. Sepsis of bacterial origin. Red pimples quickly spread throughout the body, turning into purulent formations. The disease is accompanied by loss of appetite, vomiting and nausea, and a temperature of up to 38 degrees.
2. Meningococcal meningitis. In addition to the rash, the child has subcutaneous hemorrhages on the back, a high fever instantly rises, and constant pain appears in the area where the occipital muscles are located.

Sepsis of bacterial origin

White and colorless rash

In addition to the usual pimples or spots of red and pink color, the rashes may be white or colorless. Most often, the white color of the rash is characteristic of an allergic reaction; in adults, it is characteristic of diseases of infectious etiology. Rashes of this kind on the face indicate normal blockage of the sebaceous glands.

As for the colorless color of the rash, it indicates the presence of:

• vitamin deficiency;
• hormonal imbalance in the body;
• problems in the functioning of the digestive system;
• fungal infection;
• allergies.

Rash that looks like goosebumps

Sometimes a small rash may appear on the baby's skin, which in appearance resembles goosebumps. This sign indicates an allergic reaction caused by hypersensitivity to various irritants, especially drugs. Children with a hereditary predisposition are more susceptible to it.

What to do if your child has a rash?

It is enough to maintain hygiene and additional treatment of the affected areas. Despite this, if any rash appears on a child’s skin, it is necessary to understand whether the baby has other symptoms that indicate an infectious disease. The nature and location of the rash should also be assessed.

After an independent examination, you need to show the child to a doctor or call him at home so that he can prescribe treatment, if required. If an infection is suspected, the baby must be isolated from others until the doctor arrives.

Source: https://VseProRebenka.ru/zdorove/simptomy/syp-na-tele-u-rebenka.html

Rash, fever and cough - what is the reason?

Most often, parents of children are worried about an elevated temperature and, as a result, an incomprehensible rash that can appear on the child’s body immediately after the fever.

A rash on the body, cough, and fever in a child can be caused by certain diseases, such as measles, roseola, scarlet fever, chickenpox, rubella, meningitis and others. Below we have described the symptoms of the most likely childhood diseases accompanied by a rash on the body.

Measles

A rash on a child’s body may appear due to measles.

Measles is an acute infectious viral disease with a high level of susceptibility (contagiousness index approaches 100%), which is characterized by high fever (up to 40.5 ° C), inflammation of the mucous membranes of the oral cavity and upper respiratory tract, conjunctivitis and a characteristic maculopapular rash skin, general intoxication. The causative agent of measles is an RNA virus of the genus Morbillivirus, family of Paramyxoviruses. The virus is not stable in the external environment and quickly dies outside the human body from exposure to various chemical and physical factors (irradiation, boiling, treatment with disinfectants).

The route of transmission of infection is airborne; the virus is released into the external environment in large quantities by a sick person with mucus during coughing, sneezing, etc.

The source of infection is a patient with measles in any form, who is contagious to others from the last days of the incubation period (last 2 days) until the 4th day of rash. From the 5th day of the rash, the patient is considered non-infectious.

Measles affects mainly children aged 2-5 years and much less often adults who did not have this disease in childhood. Newborn children have colostral immunity, passed on to them from their mothers if they have previously had measles. This immunity lasts for the first 3 months of life. There are cases of congenital measles due to transplacental infection of the fetus with the virus from a sick mother.

After an illness, stable immunity develops; re-infection with measles in humans, without concomitant pathology of the immune system, is doubtful, although such cases have been described. Most cases of measles are observed in the winter-spring (December-May) period, with an increase in incidence every 2-4 years.

Currently, in countries that carry out total measles vaccination, the disease occurs in the form of isolated cases or mini-epidemics.

Symptoms of measles are similar to the flu: your child may have a headache that does not go away within two to three days, weakness, runny nose, cough, red eyes, drowsiness, loss of appetite, and fever.

On the third or fourth day, a rash appears - red, flat, in places it can merge into large shapeless spots. The measles rash is not itchy, but is accompanied by a high fever. In four to five days it covers the entire body, then gradually fades away.

The temperature drops and, if there are no complications, the disease ends.

Treatment of measles:

To reduce fever and pain, you can use ibuprofen or paracetamol.

Children with measles are not recommended to take aspirin because some studies have suggested that aspirin may cause Reye's syndrome.

Scarlet fever

Scarlet fever is an infectious disease usually caused by group A hemolytic streptococcus (Streptococcus pyogenes). It manifests itself as a pinpoint rash, fever, and general intoxication.

Symptoms of scarlet fever. With scarlet fever, the following symptoms are observed: fever, sore throat, headache, vomiting, bright red pharynx. On the first or second day, a pinpoint red rash appears that spreads over the child’s entire body.

Scarlet fever rash is pinpoint-like; with moderate pressure with a glass spatula, the spots are more clearly visible. When pressed harder, the rash gives way to a golden-yellowish tint to the skin. It appears on days 1-3 of illness and is localized mainly on the cheeks, groin, and sides of the body.

The skin of the nasolabial triangle remains pale and free of rash.
The rash usually lasts 3-7 days, then fades away, leaving no pigmentation. The rash thickens on the bends of the limbs - the axillary, elbow, popliteal areas. Scarlet tongue - An indicative symptom of scarlet fever.

on days 2-4 of illness, the patient’s tongue becomes distinctly granular, bright red in color, the so-called “raspberry” tongue.

Peeling of the skin - occurs after the rash disappears (14 days from the onset of the disease): in the area of ​​​​the palms and feet it is large-plate, starting from the fingertips; pityriasis-like peeling on the body, neck, ears

Treatment of scarlet fever. Previously, hemolytic streptococcus caused serious complications, including death, it secretes toxins and has a capsule that protects it from the body’s immune cells; antibiotics came to the aid of medicine.

  As a medical treatment, penicillin antibiotics are prescribed in tablets (phenoxymethylpenicillin, retarpen, amoxicillin, Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid) for 7-10 days. It is better to use protected penicillins such as: amoxicillin + clavulanic acid (amoxiclav, augmentin, panclave, ecoclave).

  Additionally, vitamin therapy is prescribed (B vitamins, vitamin C). In severe cases, infusion therapy (glucose solution or hemodez intravenously) is prescribed to reduce intoxication.

Varicella (chickenpox)

Chickenpox, chickenpox (lat. Varicella) is an acute viral disease with airborne transmission. Usually characterized by a febrile state, papulovesicular rash with a benign course.

Caused by a virus of the Herpesviridae family - Varicella Zoster. The pathogen is spread by airborne droplets. Mostly children aged 6 months to 7 years are affected.

Adults rarely get chickenpox, as they usually experience it in childhood.

Chickenpox symptoms: fever, headache, accompanied by a rash. The rash first appears as small red spots that quickly turn into itchy blisters. Transmitted by direct contact with an infected person. A child is most contagious before a rash appears on the body. Therefore, it is difficult to isolate the patient from others. The incubation period is two to three weeks.

Chickenpox treatment:

Local treatment at the affected sites involves treating skin papules with antiseptic solutions (chlorophyllipt, brilliant green).

There is evidence that the course and symptoms of chickenpox are weakened by the drug acyclovir.

Rubella

Rubella (lat. rubella) or third disease is an epidemic viral disease with an incubation period of about 15-24 days. It is usually a harmless disease that mainly affects children.

Symptoms of rubella . A rash appears on the child's body consisting of tiny, pinhead-sized, red or pink spots on the skin. Two to three millimeters in diameter. Individual spots can merge into large spots.

It doesn't itch and lasts two to three days. As it spreads, the skin begins to peel off. Associated symptoms: fine nasal discharge, redness around the eyes, swelling in the neck and at the base of the skull. Transmitted by airborne droplets.

After an incubation period lasting 2-3 weeks, a moderate temperature appears with headache, pharyngitis, cervical adenopathy, and conjunctivitis.

The rash appears after 48 hours, a macular (spotty) non-itchy rash, first on the face, then spreads to the entire body within a few hours; At first the rash is morbiliform (reminiscent of measles), then scarlatinoform.

It predominates on the face, in the lower back and buttocks, and on the extensor surfaces of the arms and legs. The rash lasts 2-4, occasionally 5-7 days, then disappears without pigmentation or peeling. It should be noted that mild and asymptomatic forms are quite common.

There is no specific treatment. For symptomatic treatment, the use of paracetamol is allowed.

Roseola infantile

Infantile roseola is an infectious disease common among young children, mainly under 2 years of age. The pathogens belong to the group of herpes viruses type 6 and 7 and are characterized by T-cell lymphotropy. Human herpes virus 6 (HSV 6) is the causative agent of roseola in children and causes chronic fatigue syndrome in adults.

The route of transmission is airborne. The incubation period is 5-15 days. The time of maximum manifestation is between 6 and 24 months of life. At the age of 4 years, antibodies are detected in almost all children.

Usually the disease begins acutely, with a rise in temperature to febrile levels (according to the degree of temperature increase, the following types of fevers are distinguished: subfebrile - 37.2–38.0 ° C, low febrile - 38.1–39.0 ° C, high febrile - 39 ,1–40.1°C and excessive (hyperpyretic) – over 40.1°C.). In this case, there are no other manifestations of the disease.

The rash gradually fades away, leaving no pigmentation or peeling.

Other names: Exanthema subitum, sixth disease, pseudorubella, sudden exanthema, childhood three-day fever, roseola infantum, exanthema subitum, pseudorubella

Treatment for roseola: no specific treatment is required. During the period when the temperature rises, antipyretics (ibuprofen, paracetamol) are used. In children with immunosuppression, it is possible to use foscarnet sodium (foscavir), acyclovir.

About cough, fever and rash

• Despite the fact that the causes of a rash in a child may lie in more than a hundred different diseases, cough and fever are symptoms of only the above and most common infectious diseases.

Source: https://krasgmu.net/publ/syp_temperatura_i_kashel_v_chem_prichina/7-1-0-1219

Rash and fever in a child

These are not only symptoms of infections that are traditionally considered “childhood” diseases. Rash and high fever in a child are also other diseases that develop on their own and as complications.

They can appear with the disease:

• chickenpox (chickenpox);
• rubella;
• measles;
• scarlet fever;
• herpes.

With diseases such as meningitis, rheumatic fever and erythema infectiosum, the child's rash and fever appear simultaneously.

A small rash and fever in children are the most common sign of infection. But this symptom may be a manifestation of an allergic reaction or appear after vaccination against measles or scarlet fever.

Even an experienced doctor cannot immediately differentiate diseases whose symptoms include fever and rash. But a diagnosis is necessary not only for proper treatment. For the future, it is very important to know what you suffered in childhood.

For example, if a woman has had rubella, then she is not at risk of this disease during pregnancy. Infection with rubella in this state can cause pathology in the fetus, and if you have already recovered from the disease, there is no need to fear dangerous consequences.

The most common and low-risk infection, the symptoms of which are a rash and low fever, is chicken pox. Its incubation period is from a week to three. First, general weakness and lethargy appear, and only then small red spots appear - they are localized first on the face and shoulders, and then down to the stomach, back and legs.

After 3-4 hours, in the middle of each spot you can already see a blister filled with clear liquid.

New rashes appear within 3-7 days, the patient feels severe itching and burning in the affected areas. The rash also appears on the mucous membranes of the vagina, in the oral cavity, and on the surface of the eyelids.

In severe cases of chickenpox, secondary infection may develop - in this case, the liquid in the papules becomes cloudy. In this case, the use of antibiotics is necessary.

In most cases, rubella is even milder in children than chickenpox.

The temperature rises slightly - up to 37ºС, a red dotted rash first appears on the neck under the ears, then on the face, and only then goes down - sometimes it seems that the whole body is covered with a crust. At the same time, the lymph nodes enlarge - under the ears and on the back of the head. You may feel pain in the joints of your arms and legs

The incubation period for this disease can last 14-21 days. During this time, those who have been in contact with infected people without being sick themselves must be isolated, especially if there are pregnant women in the house.

• In children, rubella is usually mild, but if the infection crosses the placental barrier from the mother's body, it is 98% likely to cause serious pathologies in the fetus and can lead to miscarriage.
• If a child has a rash and a temperature of 39ºC, it can be assumed that he has contracted measles.
• Currently, this disease is extremely rare - people are vaccinated against it in the first year of life, along with mumps and rubella, but this measure does not always help.

The first symptoms of the disease resemble the characteristic signs of ARVI - respiratory reactions - increased nasal discharge, sneezing, watery eyes.

Then the cheeks swell - the face becomes puffy, the temperature goes beyond 40ºC, spots appear on the oral mucosa, which many take for thrush - these spots were described by Velsky, Filatov and Koplik, the symptom received the triple name of the same name.

Typical symptoms for measles:

• heat;
• Velsky-Filatov-Koplik spots;
• photophobia;
• conjunctival irritation;
• a red rash that is first localized on the face, merging into spots with jagged edges, and then descends and covers the entire body.

The rash intensifies within 3 days, all this time it is very difficult to bring down the temperature - then the condition returns to normal, and on the 10th day after the appearance of red spots, the child can be returned to the children's group.

Measles itself is not as dangerous as its complications. If the condition gets worse, you need to call a doctor - in some cases, antibiotics and hospital treatment are needed.

There is a high risk of complications if teenagers or adults have measles. Hearing impairment, meningitis, encephalitis were noted; the disease was fatal. At one time, about 70% of people who got sick died from measles.

The onset of scarlet fever, like measles, resembles ARVI:

• heat;
• enlarged tonsils - sometimes plaque on them;
• the oral mucosa is hyperemic.

Then small red dots appear: first on the legs, on the inner thighs, under the knees, in the groin folds; then the rashes are localized in the armpits and elbows; a pattern is formed on the face.

A white-gray coating appears on the tongue, and taste perceptions change. After a day, the coating disappears and the tongue becomes bright crimson.

When the temperature drops and the rashes become pale, the skin begins to peel. Peeling areas usually occur on the fingers and toes, but in rare cases, epithelial detachment appears in areas of heavy rashes.

The main symptom by which scarlet fever can be differentiated is a pale nasolabial triangle against the background of pinpoint rashes.

Since scarlet fever is caused by strain A streptococci, antibiotics are used to treat it, as for any bacterial infection. Antibacterial drugs are prescribed by a doctor.

This is one of the most terrible diseases in children and adults caused by meningococci. At an early age, the only signs of a dangerous disease are small papules on the back wall of the larynx. Purple, red spots, which can hardly be called a rash - since they are caused by hemorrhages of small vessels under the skin, appear only when the infection spreads through the bloodstream.

Inflammation of the meninges is accompanied by very characteristic symptoms:

• very high temperature, which cannot be brought down;
• pain in the neck muscles;
• vomiting;
• photophobia;
• drowsiness.

A purplish-red star-shaped rash rarely appears on the face and is localized to the back, thighs, legs and buttocks. In young children, hemorrhages can be extensive, and the body in this case resembles a geographical map.

Treatment is only inpatient. If you suspect meningitis in a child, you need to call an ambulance - this disease without treatment causes death in 70% of cases.

After infections caused by the introduction of streptococcus, in children 4-15 years old one can often encounter a complication - rheumatic fever.

Its main symptoms:

• joint pain and swelling;
• lethargy and increased fatigue;
• decreased appetite;
• rash on the stomach, legs and arms.

If a child develops the symptoms described above, an examination should be started. The infection provokes auto-aggression - the immune system begins an attack on its own body, destroying it from the inside. If treatment is not started on time, the cardiovascular system is affected. Examination and fairly long-term treatment are carried out in a hospital using antibiotics and hormonal drugs.

This viral disease has been little studied. It often appears during the transition period - early spring and late autumn. The disease begins with single pink spots on the face, gradually the color of the spots becomes bright, their number increases, and the face becomes more and more pink.

Then the rash spreads to the body - visually it seems that everything is covered with pink lace. If the temperature rises, the usual methods are used to reduce it - extended drinking regimen and taking antipyretic drugs.

Typically, in children, the symptoms of the disease are limited to a slight increase in temperature and a rash; in adults, the joints also swell.

As soon as a red rash and fever appear in the child, he should be put to bed and quarantine conditions should be created. Patients are especially contagious at this time, although the disease spreads during the incubation period.

The viral rash is first localized on the face and then spreads to the shoulders, torso, arms and legs. The manifestation of a bacterial infection also begins with the face, but then the rashes quickly “spread” throughout the body, localizing more on the soft tissues: the abdomen, buttocks, bends of the knees and elbows, and in the groin folds.

If the above symptoms appear, you should immediately call a doctor. The earlier the disease is diagnosed, the greater the chance that it will not cause dangerous complications.

The materials posted on this page are informational in nature and intended for educational purposes. Site visitors should not use them as medical advice. Determining the diagnosis and choosing a treatment method remains the exclusive prerogative of your attending physician.

Source: https://allergology.ru/prostuda/syp-i-temperatura-u-rebenka