Symptoms of adenoviral infection and forms of the disease

Adenovirus infection is a fairly common disease, accounting for about 10% of all diseases of viral origin. The peak incidence is observed in the autumn-winter period, when the immune status weakens.

Causes of adenovirus infection

Absolutely all groups of the population are susceptible to adenovirus infection, including children from 6 months of age. Why doesn't infection occur earlier? The fact is that infants have a stable immunity to this infection, obtained along with mother's milk, which contains special antibodies that can resist the disease. In the future, immunity decreases and there is a risk of infection. Before reaching the age of 7 years, a child can get sick with this pathology several times. As a result, the child’s body develops immunity, thanks to which children are less likely to suffer from adenovirus infection.

How does adenovirus infection enter the body in adults?

Infection occurs through inhalation through the human respiratory tract . In addition, the virus can penetrate through the intestines and conjunctiva of the eyes. Penetrating the epithelium, the pathogen enters the nucleus, where it begins to actively grow and multiply. Lymph nodes are also often affected. Infected cells enter the bloodstream, then the infection spreads quite quickly throughout the body.

The tonsils, larynx and mucous membrane of the sinuses are the first attacked by the virus There is severe swelling of the tonsils, which is accompanied by serous discharge from the nose. The inflammatory process of the ocular conjunctiva occurs in a similar way.

There is swelling of the conjunctival mucosa, yellow or white discharge, a sensation of a foreign body, a red network of burst vessels, as well as tearing, itching, burning, gluing of eyelashes and increased sensitivity to bright light.

The causative agent of the disease, which has penetrated into the tissues of the lungs, can provoke the development of pneumonia and bronchitis. In addition, the virus has a detrimental effect on the functioning of other organs, for example, the liver, spleen or kidneys.

Classification of the disease

• By type of pathology - typical and atypical.
• By degree of severity - mild, moderate and severe.
• According to the severity of symptoms - with a predominance of local changes or intoxication symptoms.
• The nature of the flow is complicated, smooth.

  Intoxication syndrome: signs and symptoms of intoxication

Symptoms and signs of the disease

The incubation period of adenoviral infection lasts on average from three to seven days. At this time, the following symptoms are observed:

• Runny nose (rhinitis);
• general weakness;
• enlarged lymph nodes, as well as their soreness;
• headache;
• gastroenteritis (diarrhea, vomiting, bloating, nausea);
• inflammation of the conjunctiva (lacrimation, redness, itching);
• increased body temperature (up to 39 degrees);
• inflammation in the throat (redness, sore throat, pharyngitis, etc.).

Adenovirus infection, like any other, begins with the rapid development of the following signs of intoxication:

• Lethargy, headaches;
• temperature fluctuations;
• drowsiness.

After 1-2 days, general health deteriorates and the temperature rises. The process is accompanied by the development of flu symptoms:

• Pain in the throat;
• cough;
• inflammatory processes of the soft palate;
• sinus congestion.

On days 5-7, manifestations of conjunctivitis are observed; infiltrates may form .

It must be remembered that the symptoms of adenoviral infection are similar to those of other infectious diseases of the respiratory system (influenza, acute respiratory infections, acute respiratory viral infections, etc.), so you should not engage in self-diagnosis and try to treat the pathology yourself. In such cases, you should definitely consult a doctor.

The specificity of the manifestation of any of the above symptoms is determined by the localization of the inflammatory process and the type of infecting virus. For example, signs of general intoxication may be weak (unpleasant sensations in the abdominal area) or, conversely, have pronounced symptoms (excessive vomiting, diarrhea).

Signs of the disease in children

In children, adenoviral infection manifests itself with the following symptoms:

• Against the background of difficult nasal breathing, tonsillitis, tracheitis, and pharyngitis develop.
• At the first stages of infection development, serous nasal discharge is observed, which later acquires a mucopurulent character.
• Body intoxication syndrome. The child sleeps poorly, becomes restless and capricious, and often burps. In addition, his appetite decreases, diarrhea and intestinal colic appear.
• In the case of a bacterial infection, bronchitis develops, which first manifests itself in the form of an obsessive and dry cough, followed by moistening and the appearance of sputum.
• Symptoms of pharyngitis are observed - coughing, sore throat and sore throat. The tonsils increase in size, extending beyond the palatine arches, which, in turn, swell and turn red. On the affected back wall of the pharynx, inflammatory foci of a deep red color, covered with whitish deposits or mucus, are observed.

Conjunctivitis is a fairly common symptom of adenoviral infection, which manifests itself 4-5 days after the onset of the disease.

Children complain of burning and stinging in the eyes , itching, foreign body sensation, tearing and pain.

The mucous membrane of the eyes swells and becomes red, the eyelashes stick together and become covered with crusts, which consist of dried secretions of the inflamed conjunctiva.

Infants, as a rule, do not develop adenovirus infection due to passive immunity.

But if infection does occur, the course of the pathology becomes severe, especially for children with congenital diseases.

of respiratory failure appear , which can even cause death.

Complications of adenoviral infection in children may include the following pathologies:

• Disorders of the cardiovascular system;
• croup;
• pneumonia;
• bronchitis;
• inflammation of the middle ear;
• maculopapular rashes on the skin;
• encephalitis.

Diagnostics

Diagnosis of the disease includes collection of anamnesis and complaints, serodiagnosis, study of the epidemiological picture, virological study of discharge from the nasal passages. In addition, diagnostic measures are carried out to differentiate adenoviral infection from signs of influenza. A characteristic feature of the latter is the predominance of signs of intoxication of the body over catarrhal phenomena . In addition, with influenza there is no lymphadenitis, hepatosplenomegaly, or impaired nasal breathing.

An accurate diagnosis can only be made after laboratory tests. Diagnosis of adenovirus infection uses the following methods to confirm the diagnosis:

• Serodiagnosis.
• Virological research. It is carried out to identify adenoviruses in feces, blood or nasopharyngeal washings.
• Linked immunosorbent assay. It consists of detecting adenovirus in epithelial cells.

Treatment of adenovirus infection in adults

Drug therapy

There is currently no special drug whose action is aimed specifically at combating adenovirus. Complex therapy includes drugs that help eliminate the symptoms of the disease and suppress the activity of the causative virus .

Most often, the following medications are prescribed for adenovirus:

• Vitamins.
• Immunostimulants.
• Immunomodulators, which use natural interferons: Kipferon, Grippeferon, Viferon, synthetic ones - Amiksin, Polyoxidonium. Among the medications with similar effects are Kagocel, Imudon, Isoprinosine, Imunorix.
• Expectorants (Ambrobene, ACC) and antitussives (Gidelix, Sinekod).
• Antihistamines.
• Antipyretics (at temperatures above 39 degrees).
• Nasal drops.
• Medicines to combat diarrhea (for symptoms of gastroenteritis).
• Painkillers (for headaches).
• In the presence of concomitant chronic pathologies of the respiratory system and the development of complications, antibiotics are used. Local antibacterial agents are used (Stopangin, Bioparox, Grammidin). General antibiotics include Sumamed, Cefotaxime, Amoxiclav, and Suprax.

Antibiotic therapy is recommended to be supplemented with drugs whose action is aimed at restoring intestinal microflora.

Lysobacter

Lysobact belongs to a small group of antibiotics approved for use by pregnant and lactating women. In addition, it has almost no contraindications.

Hexoral

Available in spray form, it has an analgesic effect . Before using the drug, consult a doctor.

Treatment of patients suffering from adenovirus infection is carried out on an outpatient basis with mandatory bed rest throughout the course of treatment. It is necessary to provide the patient with complete rest, eliminate all physical activity and create a balanced diet.

The consumption of chicken broths, vitamin soups, chicken and boiled meat with the addition of garlic is encouraged.

During the period of illness, it is necessary to drink more liquid: hot tea with raspberries, lemon, rose hips, currants, jelly, natural juices, compotes or ordinary mineral water without gas.

  Treatment of chronic bronchitis in adults

Carefully monitor your body temperature: if it does not reach 38 degrees, you should not bring it down, because in this way the body tries to fight viruses. To alleviate the patient's condition, a damp towel can be placed on his forehead.

For a dry cough, it is recommended to drink warm boiled milk with soda (on the tip of a knife) or honey in combination with cough suppressants. For wet coughs, drugs with an expectorant effect are used.

Treatment of adenovirus infection accompanied by eye damage is carried out by washing and applying compresses from brewed strong tea. Your doctor may also prescribe special eye ointments or drops. In addition, the patient should be protected from bright lighting.

Is all adenovirus therapy supplemented by taking vitamin A? B1-B3, B6, C.

Adenovirus infection: treatment with folk remedies

For gastroenteritis , the following remedies will be effective:

• St. John's wort. Pour boiling water (300 ml) over the dried herb of the plant (10-15 grams) and leave. Take after meals 3 times/day.
• Blueberry. It is necessary to prepare compote from dried berries and consume it chilled in unlimited quantities.
• A good effect is observed when using this folk remedy: 1 tsp. Dilute salt in a glass of vodka and drink at once.
• Severe diarrhea can be stopped by brewing oslinnik bifolia with boiling water (1 tbsp.). Drink 5-8 times a day, 1 tbsp. l.

relieve cold using the following remedies:

• Grate the onion on a fine grater and pour boiling milk over it, leave for no more than 30 minutes. Take hot in the morning after waking up and in the evening before going to bed.
• Heat 200 ml of red wine and take 3 times a day in small sips or drink once before bed.
• Pour boiling water (1 tbsp) over chamomile (2 sachets) and leave for 40 minutes. Use the resulting product to rinse your mouth or rinse your sinuses.
• Stir honey (2 tbsp) in warm water (1 tbsp), add lemon juice. Drink 2 times a day instead of tea.

When treating conjunctivitis , which accompanies adenoviral infection, you can use the following traditional medicine recipes:

• Rose hip. Pour the fruits of the bush (1 tablespoon) with hot water (300 ml), boil for 30 minutes. You need to moisten cotton balls in the resulting decoction and apply them to your eyes.
• Potato. Grate the vegetable and apply the resulting pulp to the affected eyes for 15-20 minutes. Perform the procedure daily.
• Aloe. Dilute the juice of the plant with boiled water and apply cotton swabs soaked in the medicinal solution to the eye. Also, aloe juice (1 part) is diluted with water (10 parts) and this product is used as drops. Place 1 drop in each eye 3-4 times/day.

Adenovirus infection is a serious disease that cannot be ignored, so you should not get carried away with self-diagnosis and carry out independent treatment.

In such a situation, it is best to contact your attending physician, who, after conducting the necessary research, will make an accurate diagnosis and prescribe adequate treatment.

Attention, TODAY only!

Source: https://BolitGorlo.com/2017/04/adenovirusnaya-infektsiya-simptomyi-i-lechenie-u-vzroslyih/

Adenovirus - childhood infection: typical symptoms, treatment

NEAD EAD SEAD South Administrative District South-Western Administrative District CJSC Central Administrative District SZAO Northern Administrative District 01 02 03 05 06 07 08 09 1 0 1 1 1 2 14 18 15 16 17 Babushkinskaya Prospekt Mira Pervomaiskaya Baumanskaya Paveletskaya Teply Stan Shipilovskaya Prague Academic University Barrikadnaya River Station Oktyabrskoye Bratislava Taganskaya Academician Yangelya October Field
Mezeneva Olga Vladimirovna

Adenoviral infection is a viral disease caused by an adenovirus, one of the types of ARVI. There are a significant number of types of adenoviruses; they are not all well studied, but the role of some of them in the development of pathological conditions in humans is undoubted. Adenoviruses persist outside the body for a long time and withstand low temperatures well. You can get an adenovirus infection at any time of the year; a slight increase in the incidence of this type of ARVI is observed in the autumn-winter period.

Why do adenovirus infections most often affect children?

During the first 6 months of life, children practically do not suffer from adenovirus infection. This is due to the fact that at this age children have passive immunity, inherited from their mother. Then innate immunity is lost, and children begin to get sick.

Until the age of 7 years, a child manages to get sick with adenovirus infection several times. Each time the body develops specific immunity to a specific type of adenovirus, but since there are several of them, the child has to get sick more than once. After 7 years, as a rule, they already have acquired immunity to all types of adenoviruses, and they are no longer afraid of adenovirus infection.

Over time, immunity is lost, so adenovirus infections can also affect adults.

Causes of adenovirus infection

Adenoviruses spread through the air, meaning you can become infected if someone in your neighborhood sneezes or coughs. At the same time, the picture of the disease in the carrier of the infection does not have to be pronounced; the disease can occur in a blurred form. In this case, the adenovirus can be released within two weeks from the onset of the disease.

Another route of spread of adenoviral infection is fecal-oral. This mechanism of infection is typical for children who cannot independently monitor personal hygiene and cleanliness of their hands. Adenoviruses are excreted in feces for one and a half months.

• The household route is also possible, when adenoviruses are transmitted through household items.
• The gate through which the infection enters the body is the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract; penetration through the conjunctiva, the transparent mucous membrane of the eye, is also possible. Adenovirus infects mucosal cells, multiplies in them, from where it enters the blood and spreads throughout
• body.

Symptoms of adenovirus infection

The disease, as a rule, begins with the appearance of signs of intoxication.

For an adenovirus infection, a complex of catarrhal phenomena is typical (manifestations of nasopharyngitis - rhinitis and pharyngitis at the same time): runny nose, nasal congestion, sore throat. Sometimes the palatine tonsils are affected (symptoms of tonsillitis are observed), in such cases a diagnosis of rhinopharyngotonsillitis is made.

The infection can travel down the respiratory tract, causing bronchitis and even pneumonia. Complications such as otitis media (inflammation of the middle ear) and sinusitis (inflammation of the mucous membrane of the maxillary sinus) are also possible.

In almost all cases of adenovirus infection, inflammation of the eye mucosa is observed to one degree or another. The combination of symptoms of respiratory disease and conjunctivitis form a typical picture of an adenovirus infection. In bright light, symptoms worsen.

There is an intestinal variant of the disease. In this case, the adenovirus attacks the intestinal mucosa.

Headache is a typical sign of intoxication. Headache can occur with various infectious diseases.

More about the symptom

Muscle or joint pain is another sign of intoxication. This condition can be described as aches throughout the body. Usually this symptom precedes a rise in temperature.

The patient is shivering - this is the beginning of a rise in temperature

The body spends a lot of energy fighting the infection. Digestive processes slow down and appetite disappears.

Intoxication of the body often manifests itself in the form of weakness. If the child is older - and in the case of adenovirus infection this is usually the case, he becomes whiny and lethargic.

More about the symptom

The rise in temperature begins somewhat later than the appearance of signs of intoxication. In most cases, the temperature remains low-grade (up to 38°C), but sometimes it can reach 39°C.

Inflammation of the eye mucosa is a typical symptom of adenovirus infection. It usually manifests itself as a burning (itching) sensation in the eyes.

More about the symptom

The eyes become watery and may fester.

More about the symptom

Stool upset is another symptom of the intestinal variant of adenoviral infection.

Treatment methods for adenovirus infection

Treatment of adenovirus infection is carried out at home, except in cases of severe disease or development of complications. Since adenovirus infection is a contagious disease, the patient must be isolated (it is especially important to exclude the possibility of contact with children).

In most cases, adenovirus infection resolves within a week. A runny nose can last up to 3 weeks.

It is worth remembering that complications in children, especially young children, can develop very quickly. Therefore, in case of any increase in symptoms (deterioration in the child’s well-being, coughing, complaints of ear pain, etc.), it is necessary to consult a doctor.

During the period of elevated temperature, the patient must be provided with bed rest. It is not recommended to bring down a low-grade fever.

Since the disease is caused by a virus, antibiotics are not used (they do not work against viruses).

The use of antibiotics is appropriate only in case of complications (if a bacterial infection has joined the viral infection). Treatment of adenovirus infection is symptomatic.

The doctor will prescribe medications that relieve inflammation of the upper respiratory tract, eliminate nasal congestion and symptoms of conjunctivitis.

Taking vitamin supplements

Vitamins, primarily vitamin C, are prescribed as general strengthening therapy.

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Source: https://www.fdoctor.ru/bolezn/adenovirusnaya_infektsiya/

Adenovirus infection

Adenovirus infection is an acute viral infectious process accompanied by damage to the respiratory tract, eyes, lymphoid tissue, and digestive tract. Signs of adenovirus infection include moderate intoxication, fever, rhinorrhea, hoarseness, cough, conjunctival hyperemia, mucous discharge from the eyes, and impaired bowel function. In addition to clinical manifestations, serological and virological research methods are used to make a diagnosis. Therapy for adenoviral infection is carried out with antiviral drugs (orally and locally), immunomodulators and immunostimulants, and symptomatic agents.

Adenoviral infection is a disease from the ARVI group, caused by an adenovirus and characterized by the development of nasopharyngitis, laryngotracheobronchitis, conjunctivitis, lymphadenopathy, and dyspeptic syndrome. In the general structure of acute respiratory diseases, adenovirus infection makes up about 20%.

Children from 6 months to 3 years demonstrate the greatest susceptibility to adenoviruses. It is believed that during preschool age, almost all children experience one or more episodes of adenovirus infection.

Sporadic cases of adenoviral infection are recorded year-round; in the cold season, the incidence is in the nature of epidemic outbreaks.

Close attention to adenoviral infection has been drawn from infectious diseases, pediatrics, otolaryngology, and ophthalmology.

Adenovirus infection

Currently, more than 30 serovars of viruses of the Adenoviridae family are known to cause human disease.

The most common causes of outbreaks of adenovirus infection in adults are serotypes 3, 4, 7, 14 and 21. Serovars types 1, 2, 5, 6 usually affect preschool children.

The causative agents of pharyngoconjunctival fever and adenoviral conjunctivitis in most cases are serotypes 3, 4, 7.

Virions of the pathogen contain double-stranded DNA, have a diameter of 70-90 nm and three antigens (group-specific A-antigen; B-antigen, which determines the toxic properties of the adenovirus, and type-specific C-antigen).

Adenoviruses are relatively stable in the external environment: under normal conditions they persist for 2 weeks, and tolerate low temperatures and drying well.

At the same time, the causative agent of adenoviral infection is inactivated when exposed to ultraviolet rays and chlorine-containing disinfectants.

Adenoviruses are spread from sick people who shed the pathogen in nasopharyngeal mucus and feces.

Hence, there are 2 main routes of infection - in the early period of the disease - airborne; in the late stage - fecal-oral - in this case the disease proceeds as an intestinal infection.

A waterborne route of infection is possible, which is why adenoviral infection is often called “swimming pool disease.”

The source of adenovirus infection can also be virus carriers, patients with asymptomatic and erased forms of the disease. Immunity after an infection is type-specific, so repeated diseases caused by a different serotype of the virus are possible. Nosocomial infection occurs, including during parenteral treatment procedures.

Reproduction of the virus occurs in epithelial cells, regional lymph nodes and lymphoid formations of the intestine, which coincides in time with the incubation period of adenovirus infection.

After the death of the affected cells, viral particles are released and enter the blood, causing viremia.

Changes develop in the lining of the nose, tonsils, posterior wall of the pharynx, conjunctiva; inflammation is accompanied by a pronounced exudative component, which causes the appearance of serous discharge from the nasal cavity and conjunctiva. Viremia can lead to involvement of the bronchi, digestive tract, kidneys, liver, and spleen in the pathological process.

The main clinical syndromes that this infection can take are catarrh of the respiratory tract (rhinopharyngitis, tonsillopharyngitis, laryngotracheobronchitis), pharyngoconjunctival fever, acute conjunctivitis and keratoconjunctivitis, diarrhea syndrome. The course of adenovirus infection can be mild, moderate or severe; uncomplicated and complicated.

The incubation period for adenovirus infection lasts 2-12 days (usually 5-7 days), followed by a manifest period with the sequential appearance of symptoms. Early signs are an increase in body temperature to 38-39 ° C and moderate symptoms of intoxication (lethargy, loss of appetite, muscle and joint pain).

Respiratory tract damage

Catarrhal changes in the upper respiratory tract occur simultaneously with fever. Serous discharge from the nose appears, which then becomes mucopurulent; nasal breathing becomes difficult.

There is moderate hyperemia and swelling of the mucous membrane of the posterior pharyngeal wall, and pinpoint whitish plaque on the tonsils. With adenovirus infection, a reaction occurs from the submandibular and cervical lymph nodes.

In case of development of laryngotracheobronchitis, hoarseness of voice, dry barking cough appears, shortness of breath, and development of laryngospasm are possible.

Conjunctival damage

Damage to the conjunctiva during adenoviral infection can occur as catarrhal, follicular or membranous conjunctivitis. Usually the eyes are involved in the pathological process one by one.

The pain, burning, lacrimation, sensation of the presence of a foreign body in the eye are disturbing. Upon examination, moderate redness and swelling of the skin of the eyelids, hyperemia and granularity of the conjunctiva, injection of the sclera, and sometimes the presence of a dense grayish-white film on the conjunctiva are revealed.

In the second week of the disease, signs of keratitis may join conjunctivitis.

Intestinal form

If an adenoviral infection occurs in the intestinal form, paroxysmal pain occurs in the umbilical and right iliac region, fever, diarrhea, vomiting, and mesenteric lymphadenitis.

With severe pain, the clinical picture resembles acute appendicitis. Fever with adenoviral infection lasts 1-2 weeks and can be wavy.

Signs of rhinitis and conjunctivitis subside after 7-14 days, catarrh of the upper respiratory tract - after 14-21 days.

Immunofluorescence reaction and immune electron microscopy are methods for rapid diagnosis of adenovirus infection. Retrospective confirmation of the etiological diagnosis is carried out using ELISA, X-ray, and RSK methods.

Virological diagnosis involves isolating adenovirus from nasopharyngeal swabs, scrapings from the conjunctiva and feces of the patient, but due to its complexity and duration it is rarely used in clinical practice.

Differential diagnosis

Differential diagnosis of various clinical forms of adenoviral infection is carried out with influenza, other acute respiratory viral infections, diphtheria of the pharynx and eyes, infectious mononucleosis, mycoplasma infection, yersiniosis. For this purpose, as well as to prescribe local etiotropic treatment, patients need consultation with an ophthalmologist and otolaryngologist.

General etiotropic therapy is carried out with antiviral drugs (umifenovir, ribavirin, a drug made from antibodies to human interferon gamma).

Local therapy for adenoviral infection includes: instillation of eye drops (solution of deoxyribonuclease or sodium sulfacyl), application of acyclovir in the form of eye ointment behind the eyelid, intranasal use of oxaline ointment, endonasal and endopharyngeal instillation of interferon.

Symptomatic and syndromic therapy is carried out: inhalations, antipyretic, antitussive and expectorant drugs, vitamins. For adenoviral infections aggravated by bacterial complications, antibiotics are prescribed.

Uncomplicated forms of adenoviral infection end favorably. Deaths can occur in young children due to severe bacterial complications. Prevention is similar to the prevention of other acute respiratory viral infections.

During periods of epidemic outbreaks, isolation of patients is indicated; carrying out ongoing disinfection, ventilation and ultraviolet radiation of premises; prescribing interferon to persons at risk of infection.

Specific vaccination against adenovirus infection has not yet been developed.

Source: https://www.KrasotaiMedicina.ru/diseases/infectious/adenovirus

Adenoviral infection - causes, symptoms, treatment

Adenovirus infection (infectious cough or infectious tracheobronchitis) is a contagious respiratory disease of dogs.

Most often, the disease occurs in places where dogs congregate:

• pet stores,
• research laboratories,
• overexposure,
• breeding sites,
• areas for walking animals.

Therefore, it is often called kennel cough. The disease occurs at any age, but is more severe in puppies aged 6 weeks to six months. Chronic bronchitis in dogs, congenital anomalies in the respiratory system, and bronchiectasis predispose to the disease.

Symptoms

The most striking symptom of adenovirus infection is cough. It appears four days after the pathogen enters the body. The cough can be wet or dry, soft or rough. Sometimes coughing may produce phlegm or vomit.

Coughing attacks are provoked by physical exertion, pressure on the tracheal area, excitement, changes in humidity or air temperature. Severe disease is accompanied by fever (up to 40 degrees), wet cough, and anorexia. Nasal discharge, shortness of breath, drowsiness, and fatigue may also occur.

Diagnosis and treatment of adenovirus infection

For a correct diagnosis, it is first important to exclude non-infectious causes of cough. To do this, a chest x-ray is performed to rule out pneumonia. Uncomplicated adenoviral infection is treated on an outpatient basis. If the disease is complicated by pneumonia, the animal will need to be hospitalized.

First of all, the animal must be isolated from others. The dog needs to limit physical activity for 2-3 weeks and provide good nutrition. Treatment begins with injections of an antibiotic, such as amoxicillin, which is potentiated with clavulanic acid (amoxiclav). For more severe cases it is effective:

• gentamicin,
• enrofloxacin,
• 1st generation cephalosporins.

Therapy should continue for at least 10 days, until the signs of pneumonia disappear on x-ray. You can relieve the symptoms of tracheobronchitis with steam inhalations and isotonic sodium chloride solution, which is used 3 times a day using a nebulizer.

With adequate therapy, uncomplicated adenoviral infection usually ends in 10-14 days. Severe cases can last up to five weeks. In any case, if the cough continues for more than two weeks, then one should doubt the correctness of the diagnosis.

Classification

1. Pharyngoconjunctivitis - characterized by damage to the pharynx and respiratory tract, inflammation of the tonsils, enlarged lymph nodes, and fever.
2. Tonsillopharyngitis - characterized by severe pain in the throat, plaque on the tonsils, and enlarged lymph nodes.

3. Mesadenitis is characterized by pain in the navel area, which comes with attacks, vomiting, and fever.
4. Diarrhea - appears only in children under one year of age, characterized by copious loose stools and abdominal pain.

   Emptying occurs up to 8 times a day; there may be an admixture of mucus in the stool, without blood.

5. Qatar of the upper respiratory tract - there is a high fever, runny nose, bronchitis, swollen lymph nodes.

6. Keratoconjunctivitis - a sharp rise in fever, headache, eye pain and increased sensitivity to light, conjunctivitis, clouding of the cornea.

Causes

The cause of the disease is a DNA-containing adenovirus. There are more than 40 species. Adenovirus has a high survivability rate. At room temperature of 20-25 degrees Celsius, the virus lives up to 2 weeks. Remains active even after being frozen twice. When heated, it remains viable for at least another 30 minutes.

Adenovirus indoors can only be killed using ultraviolet lamps. You can get rid of the virus on household items such as dishes by boiling them at temperatures above 100 degrees Celsius.

The virus lives in the human body for up to four weeks. The first two weeks are the most dangerous for others. The disease is transmitted through saliva, nasal discharge, cough, and feces. The virus spreads quickly in unventilated areas. This poses a risk of infection to a healthy person. Children under seven years of age are often susceptible to this disease due to immature immunity.

You can also become infected in an open body of water by swallowing water. Failure to comply with hygiene rules, dirty hands, licking toys - all this can lead to the transmission of infection.

Symptoms

The incubation period for the disease is from 1 to 12 days. Even if a child remains in excellent health, he already becomes a spreader of the disease to others. The disease occurs in three forms: mild, moderate and severe. Symptoms depend on the classification of the virus, but the main ones are:

• A sharp increase in body temperature;
• Pain and discomfort in the throat;
• Decreased appetite;
• Poor sleep;
• Weakness;
• Pallor;
• Cough;
• Runny nose;
• Fever;
• Conjunctivitis (not always);
• Diarrhea (not always);
• Abdominal pain and bloating.

Diagnostics

Only a doctor can correctly diagnose the disease. To make a correct diagnosis, it is necessary to donate blood for antibodies to adenovirus in the blood serum.

The virus can be detected by examining nasopharyngeal swabs. In general urine and blood tests, slight changes in indicators are possible.

The total number of leukocytes decreases and the number of lymphocytes increases, which occurs with any viral diseases.

Treatment

Hospitalization is rarely necessary for this disease, only in extremely severe cases. Most treatment takes place at home. The main type is to relieve symptoms, since antiviral drugs are ineffective. The child needs bed rest. Paracetamol or Nurofen are used as antipyretics, but only when the body temperature rises above 38.5 degrees.

For coughs and sore throats, drink plenty of fluids. If you have a dry cough, it is forbidden to take drugs that suppress it! For a wet cough, medications that thin the sputum are needed. Inhalations with a physical solution help well.

For conjunctivitis, it is necessary to wash the eyes with a weak infusion of black tea or chamomile, as well as furatsilin. To strengthen the immune system, a decoction of rose hips, cranberries, and vitamin complexes are prescribed. Antibiotics are not prescribed in all cases, only in the presence of chronic foci of infection or serious complications.

Source: https://healthage.ru/poleznye-sovety/lechenie-boleznej/adenovirusnaya-infekciya-prichiny-simptomy-lechenie/

Adenovirus infection

A B C D E F G H I K L M N O P R S T U V X C Ch Sh Sh E Yu Z
Adenovirus infection is an acute anthroponotic viral infection that affects the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract, eyes, intestines, lymphoid tissue and occurring with moderately severe intoxication. Human adenoviruses were first isolated by W.

Rowe (1953) from the tonsils and adenoids of children, and then from patients with ARVI and atypical pneumonia with symptoms of conjunctivitis (Huebner R., Hilleman M., Trentin J. et al., 1954). Animal experiments have proven the oncogenic activity of adenoviruses (Trentin J. et al., Huebner R. et al., 1962).

The causative agents are DNA genomic viruses of the Mastadenovirus genus of the Adenoviridae family. Currently, about 100 virus serovars are known, more than 40 of them have been isolated from humans. Adenovirus serovars differ sharply in epidemiological characteristics.

Serovars 1, 2 and 5 cause lesions of the respiratory tract and intestines in young children with long-term persistence in the tonsils and adenoids, serovars 4, 7, 14 and 21 cause ARVI in adults. Serovar 3 causes the development of acute pharyngoconjunctival fever in older children and adults, and several serovars cause epidemic keratoconjunctivitis.

Disease outbreaks are most often caused by types 3, 4, 7, 14 and 21. Based on their ability to agglutinate red blood cells, adenoviruses are divided into 4 subgroups (I-IV). Adenoviruses are stable in the external environment, persist for up to 2 weeks at room temperature, but die from exposure to ultraviolet rays and chlorine-containing drugs. They tolerate freezing well.

In water at 4 °C they remain viable for 2 years.

The reservoir and source of infection is a person, a patient or a carrier. The pathogen is excreted from the body with secretions from the upper respiratory tract until the 25th day of illness and for more than 1.5 months - with feces.

The mechanism of transmission of infection is aerosol (with droplets of saliva and mucus), and the fecal-oral (alimentary) route of infection is also possible. In some cases, transmission of the pathogen occurs through contaminated environmental objects.

natural sensitivity is high. The transferred disease leaves type-specific immunity, and recurrent diseases are possible.

Basic epidemiological features . Adenovirus infection is widespread, accounting for 5-10% of all viral diseases. The incidence is recorded throughout the year with an increase in cold weather.

The development of cases of conjunctivitis is associated with a previous respiratory adenoviral infection or is the result of infection with the virus through water in swimming pools or open reservoirs. Young children and military personnel are more often affected.

The incidence is especially high in newly formed groups of children and adults (in the first 2-3 months); The disease proceeds like ARVI. In some cases, nosocomial infection is possible during various medical procedures.

The disease in newborns and young children occurs as keratoconjunctivitis or damage to the lower respiratory tract. Rare adenoviral lesions include meningoencephalitis and hemorrhagic cystitis, which are more often detected in older children.

ARVI, including influenza, constitute a complex of related infections, so the process of spreading these infections is a single balanced system.
Currently, about 170 types of pathogens are known that cause influenza-like diseases, and even during an epidemic, influenza accounts for no more than 25-27% of all acute respiratory viral infections. During aerosol infection, the pathogen enters the human body through the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract and spreads through the bronchi to their lower sections. The entry points for infection can be the mucous membranes of the eyes, as well as the intestines, where the virus enters when swallowing mucus from the upper respiratory tract. The virus is localized in the epithelial cells of the respiratory tract and small intestine, where it multiplies. In the affected areas, an inflammatory reaction develops, accompanied by dilation of the capillaries of the mucous membrane, hyperplasia of the submucosal tissue with infiltration of mononuclear leukocytes and sometimes hemorrhages in it, which is clinically manifested by sore throat, pharyngitis, conjunctivitis (often membranous in nature), and diarrhea. Sometimes keratoconjunctivitis develops with clouding of the cornea and blurred vision. By the lymphogenous route, the pathogen penetrates into regional lymph nodes, where hyperplasia of lymphoid tissue and accumulation of the virus occur during the incubation period of the disease. In the clinical picture, these mechanisms cause the development of peripheral lymphadenopathy and mesadenitis. As a result of suppression of macrophage activity and increased tissue permeability, viremia subsequently develops with dissemination of the pathogen throughout various organs and systems. During this period, the virus penetrates vascular endothelial cells, damaging them. In this case, intoxication syndrome is often observed. Fixation of the virus by macrophages in the liver and spleen is accompanied by the development of changes in these organs with an increase in their size (hepatolienal syndrome). Viremia and reproduction of the pathogen in epithelial cells and lymphoid tissue can be prolonged. The duration of the incubation period varies from 1 day to 2 weeks, most often being 5-8 days. The disease begins acutely with the development of mild or moderate symptoms of intoxication: chills or chills, mild and intermittent headache, myalgia and arthralgia, lethargy, adynamia, decreased appetite. From the 2-3rd day of illness, body temperature begins to rise, more often it remains low-grade for 5-7 days, only sometimes reaching 38-39 ° C. In rare cases, epigastric pain and diarrhea may occur. At the same time, symptoms of upper respiratory tract damage develop. Unlike influenza, moderate nasal congestion appears early with copious serous, and later serous-purulent, discharge. A sore throat and cough may occur. After 2-3 days from the onset of the disease, patients begin to complain of eye pain and excessive lacrimation. When examining patients, one may notice facial hyperemia, scleral injection, and sometimes a papular rash on the skin. Conjunctivitis often develops with conjunctival hyperemia and mucous, but not purulent, discharge. In children of the first years of life and occasionally in adult patients, filmy formations may appear on the conjunctiva, and swelling of the eyelids increases. Possible damage to the cornea with the formation of infiltrates; when combined with catarrhal, purulent or membranous conjunctivitis, the process is usually initially unilateral. Infiltrates on the cornea resolve slowly, within 1-2 months. Conjunctivitis can be combined with manifestations of pharyngitis (pharyngoconjunctival fever). The mucous membrane of the soft palate and the posterior wall of the pharynx is slightly inflamed and may be granular and swollen. The follicles of the posterior pharyngeal wall are hypertrophied. The tonsils are enlarged, loosened, sometimes covered with easily removable loose whitish coatings of various shapes and sizes. They note enlargement and pain on palpation of the submandibular, often cervical and even axillary lymph nodes. If the inflammatory process of the respiratory tract takes on a descending character, laryngitis and bronchitis may develop. Laryngitis is rarely observed in patients with adenovirus infection. It manifests itself as a sharp “barking” cough, increased pain in the throat, and hoarseness of the voice. In cases of bronchitis, the cough becomes more persistent, hard breathing and scattered dry wheezing in different parts are heard in the lungs.

The period of catarrhal symptoms can sometimes be complicated by the development of adenoviral pneumonia. It occurs 3-5 days after the onset of the disease; in children under 2-3 years of age it can begin suddenly.

At the same time, the body temperature increases, the fever takes on an abnormal character and lasts for a long time (2-3 weeks). The cough becomes stronger, general weakness progresses, and shortness of breath occurs. The lips take on a cyanotic tint.

When walking, shortness of breath increases, perspiration appears on the forehead, and cyanosis of the lips intensifies. According to radiological signs, pneumonia can be small-focal or confluent.

In young children in severe cases of viral pneumonia, a maculopapular rash, encephalitis, and foci of necrosis in the lungs, skin and brain are possible.
Pathological changes in the cardiovascular system develop only in rare, severe forms of the disease. Characterized by muffled heart sounds and soft systolic murmur at its apex. Lesions in various parts of the respiratory tract can be combined with gastrointestinal disorders. Abdominal pain and intestinal dysfunction occur (diarrhea is especially common in young children). The liver and spleen enlarge. Adenovirus infection most often affects children and middle-aged people. The disease lasts on average from several days to 1 week, but if the virus remains in the body for a long time, a recurrent course is possible, with the infection dragging on for 2-3 weeks. Based on the predominance of certain symptoms and their combination, several forms of the disease are distinguished: • ARVI;
• nasopharyngitis;
• rhinopharyngotonsillitis;
• nasopharyngobronchitis;
• pharyngoconjunctivitis (pharyngoconjunctival fever);
• conjunctivitis and keratoconjunctivitis;
• pneumonia, etc.

Complications of adenovirus infection

The most typical are otitis media and purulent sinusitis, obstruction of the eustachian tube in children due to prolonged hypertrophy of lymphoid tissue in the pharynx, laryngospasm (false croup), secondary bacterial pneumonia, and kidney damage. The prognosis of the disease is usually favorable.

Depending on the clinical form of adenoviral infection, differential diagnosis is carried out with influenza, the ARVI group, conjunctivitis and keratoconjunctivitis of various etiologies (including diphtheria), pneumonia, and tuberculosis.

Laboratory diagnosis of adenoviral infection
The hemogram for adenoviral infections does not have significant changes, with the exception of a slight increase in ESR.
Virological studies based on the isolation of the virus from nasopharyngeal swabs, eye discharge during conjunctivitis (less often from feces) are complex and time-consuming; they are not used in widespread practice. Detection of serum antibodies is carried out using group-specific RSC and type-specific RTGA and RN. When performing these reactions with paired sera taken during the acute period of the disease and the period of convalescence, an increase in antibody titers of at least 4 times is considered diagnostically significant. ELISA with group antigen is also used. For approximate express diagnostics, you can use RIF and the method of immune electron microscopy.

In uncomplicated cases of the disease, they are usually limited to local measures: eye drops are prescribed (0.05% deoxyribonuclease solution or 20-30% sodium sulfacyl solution). For purulent or membranous conjunctivitis and keratoconjunctivitis (excluding cases with corneal ulcerations!), 1% hydrocortisone or prednisolone ointment is placed behind the eyelid. Vitamins, antihistamines, and symptomatic medications are recommended. Severe adenovirus infection requires increased detoxification therapy with intravenous administration of polyionic crystalloid and colloid solutions. Etiotropic drugs (broad-spectrum antibiotics) are prescribed for complications caused by secondary bacterial flora, as well as for elderly people suffering from chronic diseases of the respiratory system, and patients with manifestations of immunosuppression.

In a number of countries, a live adenovirus vaccine is used for prevention in adult organized groups. Immunoprophylaxis has not been developed in Ukraine. The widespread use of live vaccines limits the prevailing opinion about the ability of adenoviruses to cause malignant cell transformations in humans.

General sanitary and hygienic measures and chlorination of water in swimming pools are recommended. In the pre-epidemic period, it is recommended to limit communication; for weakened toddlers who are at risk of infection, the administration of specific immunoglobulin and leukocyte interferon is indicated.

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If you have previously performed any tests, be sure to take their results to a consultation with your doctor. If the studies have not been performed, we will do everything necessary in our clinic or with our colleagues in other clinics.

You ? It is necessary to take a very careful approach to your overall health. People do not pay enough attention to the symptoms of diseases and do not realize that these diseases can be life-threatening. There are many diseases that at first do not manifest themselves in our body, but in the end it turns out that, unfortunately, it is too late to treat them.

Each disease has its own specific signs, characteristic external manifestations - the so-called symptoms of the disease . Identifying symptoms is the first step in diagnosing diseases in general.

be examined by a doctor several times a year in order not only to prevent a terrible disease, but also to maintain a healthy spirit in the body and the organism as a whole.

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Source: https://www.eurolab.ua/diseases/438/

Variants of the course of manifest forms of adenoviral diseases

Adenovirus infection can affect different organs and systems of the body. Its manifestations are very diverse.

Acute respiratory disease

Acute respiratory disease is the most common form of adenovirus infection. It occurs in both children and adults. As a rule, the disease begins with rhinitis.

The mucous membranes of the nasal passages swell, swell, nasal breathing becomes difficult, and severe rhinorrhea (profuse nasal discharge) appears.

Initially, nasal discharge is serous in nature, then it becomes serous-mucous and then mucopurulent.

Tonsillitis and pharyngitis develop 1-2 days after the first symptoms appear.

Symptoms of pharyngitis occur in 80-90% of patients. Subjectively, patients feel pain in the throat when swallowing, a feeling of soreness, scratching, and burning in the back wall of the throat.

When examining the mucous membrane of the oropharynx, its pallor and swelling are determined (moderate hyperemia with cyanosis is possible). On the back wall of the pharynx you can see hyperplastic (enlarged) follicles; mucous or filmy deposits may appear, which are easily removed without bleeding.

In more than half of patients, pharyngitis is combined with tonsillitis. On examination, the tonsils are hyperemic, moderately swollen, sometimes with plaque.

If the mucous membrane of the nose, the back wall of the pharynx, and the tonsils are simultaneously affected, then they speak of a combined lesion - rhinopharyngotonsillitis.

The disease can have a descending development - causing tracheitis, bronchitis. Due to the pronounced exudative component, the cough is usually productive, with the discharge of mucous sputum.

In young children, adenovirus infection can develop with false croup syndrome.

In addition, adenoviral infection can occur in the form of whooping cough-like syndrome. In this case, the clinical picture of the disease will be similar to whooping cough, but instead of the causative agent of whooping cough, adenoviruses will be diagnosed.

With respiratory syndrome against the background of lymphadenopathy, the liver and spleen may also enlarge.

Adenoviral pneumonia

This clinical form of adenoviral infection can develop in young children and in patients with immunodeficiency.

Adenoviral pneumonia begins acutely, with muscle pain, fever, and cough with mucous sputum. Intoxication is intense.

• If the process becomes widespread, generalized lymphadenopathy and liver enlargement may also occur.
• Pneumonia can also develop as a complication of pharyngitis, rhinitis, and tonsillitis.
• The course of adenoviral pneumonia can be significantly aggravated by the addition of a bacterial infection.

Pharyngoconjunctival fever

This clinical form is characterized by symptoms of pharyngitis, conjunctivitis, rhinitis, increased body temperature up to 38°C, and lymphadenopathy. An increase in body temperature is recorded within 3-5 days, but can persist for 12-14 days.

The disease begins acutely with scratching, sore throat, nasal congestion, aches throughout the body, pain in the eyes, and increased body temperature. All these symptoms either occur simultaneously or develop over 1-2 days.

General intoxication symptoms (weakness, headache and muscle pain, lack of appetite) are also added.

With adenovirus infection, conjunctivitis is one of the most characteristic symptoms. May be catarrhal, follicular or membranous. Subjectively, patients feel pain, “sand” in the eyes.

On examination, the eyelids are swollen, the palpebral fissure is narrowed, the conjunctiva is hyperemic, and there may be scanty discharge. As a rule, one eye is affected first, followed by the other.

Conjunctivitis can persist and after the sore throat goes away, the body temperature decreases. Regional lymphadenitis persists even longer.

After an illness, prolonged asthenia is possible.

Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis

The incubation period of the disease can last up to 24 days, and symptoms of keratoconjunctivitis can persist for up to a month.

The disease begins gradually, both eyes are affected simultaneously. There is also an increase in the preauricular lymph nodes. First, conjunctivitis develops, and when its symptoms subside, keratitis occurs. The latter can lead to decreased vision. Sometimes only the conjunctiva is affected, without involving the cornea in the pathological process.

As a rule, there are no catarrhal symptoms, and the intoxication syndrome is mild.

Hemorrhagic cystitis

This form affects mainly children and young people, and among boys this pathology occurs 2.5-3 times more often than among girls.

The disease begins acutely. Patients are bothered by a frequent urge to urinate and pain when urinating. Macrohematuria appears in the urine, which is replaced by microhematuria after 3-4 days. Symptoms of the disease persist for up to 2 weeks.

Adenoviral diarrhea (gastroenteritis)

This pathology occurs in newborns and young children. The onset of the disease is acute. Nausea, vomiting, and frequent loose stools appear, which can lead to dehydration.

Patients are also worried about abdominal pain, a rise in body temperature to 39-39.5°C, rumbling and bloating. Along with intestinal manifestations, there may be conjunctivitis and signs of respiratory tract damage.

In children, a special variant of the intestinal form is possible - intussusception. This option may be preceded by respiratory syndrome (tonsillitis, pharyngitis, rhinitis). With intussusception, a significant increase in regional lymph nodes is always detected.

Damage to the nervous system due to adenovirus infection

Against the background of any form of adenoviral disease, general cerebral symptoms, classified as meningism, may appear. Subjectively, patients feel a persistent headache.

An objective examination reveals a positive Kernig sign and neck rigidity.

During a spinal puncture, cerebrospinal fluid is released under increased pressure, but its composition in most cases is not changed.

In rare cases, variants of the course develop with specific adenoviral damage to the nervous system: meningoencephalitis, serous meningitis and polyradiculoneuritis.

Source: http://comp-doctor.ru/dyh/adenovirus-formy.php