Upper respiratory tract cough: what are the causes and treatment

2014-02-17 10:09:17

Roman asks:

Good afternoon My wife and I were treated for chlamydia and trichomonas for a long time and without success (the infection occurred in 1999).

After another treatment, they gave up on everything and conceived a child who was born in 2003! In the last month of pregnancy, my wife was diagnosed with an intrauterine infection! Now my son is 10 years old! Since birth, he has had problems with a dry cough that turns into a growling sound from the bronchi in the morning and evening.

Today, my wife has the same symptoms as her son! And both have had a temperature of 37.3 for a month now. My son's blood was tested for chlamydia and it turned out to be positive. My wife and son took a course of treatment - the symptoms are the same, only the analysis does not show chlamydia.

06 April 2014

Svetlana Vyacheslavovna Usova answers:

Novel! Unfortunately, chlamydial infection is very difficult to treat, so be patient and start treatment again, your child is also affected by this infection.

2013-10-24 04:49:39

Vadim asks:

Hello, the otolaryngologist diagnosed chronic rhinitis, but none of the prescribed medications help (Nasonex, Dlynos). Of all the things that help, only Tafen helps with long-term use and rinsing the nose with Dolphin solution.

A runny nose is observed after every cold and lasts for a very long time, up to several months, and discharge accumulates in the nasopharynx and throat, which causes a very strong cough; there is no discharge from the nose itself, nothing is blown out. The discharge is thick, but milky white and opaque.

I took a smear of the upper respiratory tract and found Staphylococcus aureus, but as far as I understand, it is present in everyone, and I took Piobacteriophage. I also have a deviated nasal septum. Please give me some advice.

December 30, 2013

Selyuk Maryana Nikolaevna answers:

Good afternoon, Vadim! You need to decide whether surgical treatment of a deviated nasal septum is necessary. And be sure to consult an allergist (taking into account the Tafen effect).

2012-09-08 08:08:59

Valentina asks:

Good afternoon! I’m 49 years old. I’ve been tormented by a dry cough for two months now. I wasn’t sick before. It all started like this: we came from Spain. Immediately my husband fell ill with bronchitis, and a week later my temperature rose to 38. This happens extremely rarely. But there are no symptoms it wasn’t. I went to the doctor only because my heart was pounding.

I was diagnosed with pneumonia (I was very surprised) and prescribed antibiotic drips. The next day, another doctor said that there was no inflammation and the drips were canceled. They just injected me with antibiotics for 4 days. So I was discharged from the hospital. But I started having a sore throat and a dry cough. Everything is fine at night, but constant during the day.

Thank you in advance.

September 11, 2012

Yuri Vsevolodovich Tsarenko answers:

Dear Valentina. The detailed description provided by you suggests a variant of bronchospastic syndrome; we recommend a study of respiratory function, bronchoscopy, the use of bronchodilators and breathing exercises.

2012-05-18 10:07:05

Galina asks:

I have had a cough for 7 months, I was treated and examined for a diagnosis: chronic pharyngolaryngitis, chronic bronchitis in the stage of some kind of exacerbation, I was given antibiotic injections, I took 5 courses of Ribomunil, the cough became less.

but sometimes I feel swelling and soreness in my throat, something is bothering me, I work at school and I always speak quietly. but every day for 6-7 hours. I don’t know what I might have. I drank various syrups, folk remedies, nothing helped. They ruled out a cardiac cough and did an echogram.

did diagnostics of the upper respiratory tract; deviations were minor

04 September 2012

Stas Vladimir Grigorievich answers:

Good afternoon, Galina. I recommend that you contact a cryotherapy specialist, since you need to undergo cryostimulation of the posterior pharyngeal wall. This treatment will help you get rid of your symptoms, strengthen your immune system, and treat the source of your symptoms.

2011-02-08 22:16:55

Svetlana asks:

I got sick with the flu 8 days ago. During the days of illness, the body temperature rose to 39 degrees. Today the only symptoms left are a cough (the second day I started just coughing up) and a temperature that was 36 after waking up.

6 but in the evening it reaches 37, 3 it rises, and towards night it goes down a little. Actually, I don’t understand why I’ve been worried about my temperature for 3 days now? (After all, even the wheezing from the lungs went away, only small wheezes remained in the upper respiratory tract).

April 21, 2011

The Medical Consultant of the portal “health-ua.org” answers:

General doctor

All consultant answers

Good afternoon, Svetlana! This is possible for quite a long time, after suffering from the flu. All the best.

2008-09-23 11:53:08

Olesya asks:

message: Hello! Can grape seeds get into the lungs when inhaled? Or linger in the upper respiratory tract? Worried about cough and foreign body sensation.

September 26, 2008

Borisenko Oleg Nikolaevich answers:

This could happen. If the bone gets into the respiratory tract, this leads to a cough, with the help of which the stone is removed from the respiratory tract. If you are concerned about coughing and foreign body sensation, you should contact an otolaryngologist who will conduct an examination - endoscopic examination, chest x-ray, bronchoscopy.

2008-02-04 23:49:57

Victoria asks:

hello... I had a delay... my last period was on December 30th. somewhere around January 5-6... cycle 28 days... after that I fell ill for 2 weeks with upper respiratory tract viruses, took a course of antibiotics - 7 days containing amoxicillin...

Then on January 18, I had sex with a guy, we used protection and everything was fine... after that I got sick again, but I didn’t take antibiotics anymore, I took all kinds of medicines, vitamins, cough syrups, medicines for sore throats and now I have a delay of days 8….during my illness I also lost 5 kg….

Is this delay natural or should I do a test or see a doctor??? please help…..

05 February 2008

Elise Martinovna Karapetyan answers:

You did not write exactly how sexual intercourse was protected. If in doubt, it’s easier to do a test. Monitor your condition; if the delay lasts more than 7 days or something worries you about your health, it is better to visit a gynecologist to clarify the situation.

Do not be ill!

2011-08-09 13:01:38

Alexander asks:

Hello! I am 26 years old, I smoked my first cigarette at the age of 15, then I began to indulge and from about 17 years old I smoked 2-5 cigarettes a day every day. By the age of 19-20 and until now, I was already smoking 10-20 cigarettes a day. I've never had smoker's cough. But about 1.5 years ago I started coughing up (spitting) yellowish mucus in the morning. However, always exclusively in the morning. This mucus was (and is, apparently) constantly in my throat. Now I have not smoked for 2 months - I have finally and irrevocably decided. After breaking up with the bad habit, I began to experience mood swings, loss of concentration (to the point of forgetfulness), as well as some pain (or burning) in the chest area - both in the middle and more aching in the upper right part towards the shoulder joint. The respiratory tract (from the throat to the depths of the chest) constantly (for a couple of weeks now) feels dry and burning, as if there is a sore throat. When I drink water (at room temperature), the burning sensation in the middle of the chest intensifies. I don’t really want to cough, but if I cough “artificially,” a sharp stabbing pain occurs in the central and upper part of the chest, which generally goes away immediately. At the same time, exceptionally transparent mucus with a possibly (rarely) slight yellowish tint is coughed up (more transparent than what it was before parting with the cigarette). In the bronchi and throat, the body reacts to all sorts of sharp unpleasant odors - cigarette smoke at a distance of up to 15-20 meters (!), the smell of paint, etc. I don’t even want to breathe when there are such smells around. In addition, belching is observed (periodically, about 10-15 times a day) - there may also be symptoms of heartburn, since after sour, spicy or salty food or drinking alcohol, the burning sensation in the chest intensifies. When drinking alcoholic beverages, the burning sensation in the chest and lower throat intensifies (stronger than when drinking water). There are no particular problems with breathing, occasionally an uncontrollable sigh appears - i.e. the normal breathing pattern is interrupted by involuntary swallowing of air (one involuntary “choking” of air). This usually happens less than once a day - maybe once every 5 days. However, I cannot make any connection to the presence or absence of physical activity. Before I quit smoking, occasionally (maybe once every 3 days) when I exhaled deeply, a whistle appeared, coming from deep within. I didn't seem to notice it now. I’ll also add that when you take a deep breath, there is a tickling sensation in the upper and central part of the chest). I haven’t done much physical activity (running) since I quit smoking (before that I always went to the fitness club), I limit myself to exercise at home in the morning.

In general, these are my symptoms. This reminds me of a combination of heartburn (that’s where the belching comes from) and some kind of respiratory tract disease combined with the slow removal of settled cigarette combustion products from the body. I haven’t seen a doctor yet, but I’m planning to go.

I would like to know your assumptions about my symptoms, as well as recommendations for diagnostic procedures to identify ailments.

In addition, I would like to hear your recommendations on how I can ease this transition period myself, as well as when I should start jogging and in what volume.

In particular, are dry saunas and salt inhalations (once a week) good? How often should you go to the pool, what herbs (tinctures or vapors) can soften the body’s increased sensitivity to irritating strong odors?..

October 10, 2011

Yuri Vsevolodovich Tsarenko answers:

Dear Alexander. Let me compliment you on the figurative description of sensations. Let me outline the recommendations briefly: 1. Breathing exercises. 2. Diet food (table No. 1), fractional meals. 3.

Swimming - implement a consistent increase in load with regular exercise. 4. Sauna is great, with mandatory compensation of water and salt losses during the procedure. 5. Therapeutic jogging in a forested area.

2008-07-14 10:02:37

Alexander asks:

Portal hypertension was suspected for more than 3 years. And about 2 months ago I decided to scour the Internet. Well, I found out: despite the fact that my military doctor once said that in the medical literature you can find any symptoms of any disease and adapt them to yourself, but I think that this is not the case.

During the illness, due to intoxication, I sleep for 40 minutes. up to 2 hours a day (at best), it sprinkles on the skin, when I fall asleep, there is strong uncontrolled salivation and sweating (apparently containing acids in the form of acetone or most likely ammonia).

At the moment, the length and width of the helminth is quite large, because its upper part moves along the trachea and causes an involuntary cough, and the tail moves somewhere as it exits the anus. But nothing is trying to come out either through the mouth or the anus.

“IT” moves, irritates, spits up mucus of very high density, sometimes partially blocks the respiratory tract, rises to the nasopharynx, reacts terribly to everything that “IT” does not like from food: hard fiber, vinegar, mustard, red and black pepper, garlic , onions, red berries, any seeds and much more.

But the worst thing is that “IT” has been controlling all the gatekeepers located in the digestive organs all these years. It is impossible to eat normally, drink or defecate (passability is very impaired). Mainly has strong control over the upper part of the digestive tract. For medicinal purposes, I took a loading dose of albendazole.

Bald (there is practically no effect, you can even say that the helminth has grown). Now I take an anthelmintic dietary supplement - the effect is the same (small discharge of a dead worm). My wife, like a true physician, wonders why the condition is unstable (I’m trying to explain that the helminth changes its location).

I am on the verge of madness (this “CREATURE” has taken over my stomach and sides of my intestines). It’s very difficult to move, with very sudden movements I can lose consciousness or have a short-term attack of epilepsy, no one can advise anything. A very big request! Give me some advice!

July 22, 2008

Fedot Gennadievich Tkachenko answers:

Hello, I advise you to be examined by an infectious disease specialist and a psychiatrist. These specialists are competent to improve your well-being.

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Source: https://www.health-ua.org/tag/51241-kachel-verhnih-dihatelnih-putey.html

Respiratory tract diseases. Upper respiratory tract diseases:

Respiratory diseases are more common during the cold season. More often they affect people with weakened immune systems, children and elderly pensioners. These diseases are divided into two groups: diseases of the upper respiratory tract and lower. This classification depends on the location of the infection.

According to their form, acute and chronic diseases of the respiratory tract are distinguished. The chronic form of the disease occurs with periodic exacerbations and periods of calm (remission). The symptoms of a particular pathology during periods of exacerbation are absolutely identical to those observed in the acute form of the same respiratory tract disease.

These pathologies can be infectious and allergic.

Upper respiratory tract diseases

They are more often caused by pathological microorganisms, such as bacteria (ARI) or viruses (ARVI). As a rule, these diseases are transmitted by airborne droplets from sick people. The upper respiratory tract includes the nasal cavity, pharynx and larynx. Infections that enter these parts of the respiratory system cause diseases of the upper respiratory tract:

• Rhinitis.
• Sinusitis.
• Sore throat.
• Laryngitis.
• Adenoiditis.
• Pharyngitis.
• Tonsillitis.

All these ailments are diagnosed all year round, but in our country the increase in incidence occurs in mid-April and September. Such respiratory diseases are the most common in children.

Rhinitis

This disease is characterized by an inflammatory process of the nasal mucosa. Rhinitis occurs in acute or chronic form. Most often it is caused by an infection, viral or bacterial, but various allergens can also be the cause. In any case, a characteristic symptom is swelling of the nasal mucosa and difficulty breathing.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ncJWdKm5YSk

The initial stage of rhinitis is characterized by dryness and itching in the nasal cavity and general malaise. The patient sneezes, the sense of smell is impaired, and sometimes a low-grade fever rises.

This condition can last from several hours to two days. Next comes clear nasal discharge, liquid and in large quantities, then this discharge becomes mucopurulent in nature and gradually disappears.

The patient feels better. Breathing through the nose is restored.

Rhinitis often does not manifest itself as an independent disease, but acts as an accompaniment to other infectious diseases, such as influenza, diphtheria, gonorrhea, scarlet fever. Depending on the cause of this respiratory tract disease, treatment is aimed at eliminating it.

Sinusitis

It often manifests itself as a complication of other infections (measles, rhinitis, influenza, scarlet fever), but can also act as an independent disease. There are acute and chronic forms of sinusitis. In the acute form, there is a catarrhal and purulent course, and in the chronic form - edematous-polyposis, purulent or mixed.

Characteristic symptoms for both acute and chronic forms of sinusitis are frequent headaches, general malaise, and hyperthermia (increased body temperature).

As for nasal discharge, it is profuse and mucous in nature. They can be observed only on one side, this happens most often. This is due to the fact that only some of the paranasal sinuses become inflamed.

And this, in turn, may indicate one or another disease, for example:

• Aerosinusitis.
• Sinusitis.
• Ethmoiditis.
• Sphenoiditis.
• Frontit.

Thus, sinusitis often does not manifest itself as an independent disease, but serves as an indicative symptom of another pathology. In this case, it is necessary to treat the root cause, i.e. those infectious diseases of the respiratory tract that provoked the development of sinusitis.

If nasal discharge occurs on both sides, this pathology is called pansinusitis. Depending on the cause of this upper respiratory tract disease, treatment will be aimed at eliminating it. Antibacterial therapy is most often used.

If sinusitis is caused by chronic sinusitis, during the transition of the acute phase of the disease to the chronic phase, punctures are often used to quickly eliminate undesirable consequences, followed by washing the maxillary sinus with Furacilin or saline. This method of treatment in a short period relieves the patient of the symptoms that torment him (severe headache, swelling of the face, increased body temperature).

Adenoids

This pathology appears due to hyperplasia of the tissue of the nasopharyngeal tonsil. This is a formation included in the lymphadenoid pharyngeal ring. This tonsil is located in the nasopharyngeal vault. As a rule, the inflammatory process of the adenoids (adenoiditis) occurs only in childhood (from 3 to 10 years). The symptoms of this pathology are:

• Difficulty breathing.
• Mucous discharge from the nose.
• During sleep, the child breathes through the mouth.
• Sleep may be disrupted.
• Nasality appears.
• Possible hearing impairment.
• In advanced cases, a so-called adenoid facial expression appears (smoothness of the nasolabial folds).
• Laryngospasms appear.
• Twitching of individual facial muscles may be observed.
• Deformation of the chest and skull in the facial part appears in particularly advanced cases.

All these symptoms are accompanied by shortness of breath, cough and, in severe cases, the development of anemia.

To treat this disease of the respiratory tract, in severe cases, surgical treatment is used - removal of the adenoids. In the initial stages, rinsing with disinfectant solutions and decoctions or infusions of medicinal herbs is used. For example, you can use the following fee:

• Coltsfoot leaves.
• St. John's wort herb.
• Calendula flowers.
• Horsetail grass.
• Heather grass.

All ingredients of the collection are taken in equal parts. If some component is missing, then you can get by with the composition that is available.

The prepared collection (15 g) is poured into 250 ml of hot water and boiled over very low heat for 10 minutes, after which it is infused for another 2 hours.

The medicine prepared in this way is filtered and used warm to rinse the nose or instill 10-15 drops into each nostril.

Chronic tonsillitis

This pathology occurs as a result of the inflammatory process of the palatine tonsils, which has become chronic. Chronic tonsillitis often affects children; it practically does not occur in old age. This pathology is caused by fungal and bacterial infections.

Other infectious diseases of the respiratory tract, such as hypertrophic rhinitis, purulent sinusitis, and adenoiditis, can provoke the development of chronic tonsillitis. Even untreated caries can cause this disease.

Depending on the specific cause that provoked this upper respiratory tract disease, treatment should be aimed at eliminating the primary source of infection.

In the case of the development of a chronic process in the palatine tonsils, the following occurs:

• Overgrowth of connective tissue.
• Dense plugs form in the gaps.
• Lymphoid tissue softens.
• Cornification of the epithelium may begin.
• Lymphatic drainage from the tonsils becomes difficult.
• Nearby lymph nodes become inflamed.

Chronic tonsillitis can occur in a compensated or decompensated form.

In the treatment of this disease, physiotherapeutic procedures (UV irradiation) have a good effect; rinsing with disinfectant solutions (Furacilin, Lugolev, 1-3% iodine, Iodglycerin, etc.) is applied topically.

After rinsing, it is necessary to irrigate the tonsils with disinfectant sprays, for example, the drug “Strepsils Plus” is used.

Some experts recommend vacuum suction, after which the tonsils are also treated with similar sprays.

In the case of a severe toxic-allergic form of this disease and the absence of a positive effect from conservative treatment, surgical removal of the tonsils is performed.

Angina

The scientific name of this disease is acute tonsillitis. There are 4 types of sore throat:

1. Catarrhal.
2. Follicular.
3. Lakunnaya.
4. Phlegmous.

In their pure form, these types of sore throat are practically never found. There are always at least symptoms of two varieties of this disease.

So, for example, with lacunae, white-yellow purulent formations are visible at the mouths of some lacunae, and with follicular, festering follicles are visible through the mucous membrane.

But in both cases, catarrhal phenomena, redness and enlargement of the tonsils are observed.

Regardless of the type of sore throat, rinsing with disinfectant solutions and physiotherapy are used. In the presence of purulent processes, antibacterial therapy is used.

Pharyngitis

This pathology is associated with the inflammatory process of the pharyngeal mucosa. Pharyngitis can develop as an independent disease or a concomitant one, for example, with ARVI. This pathology can be provoked by eating too hot or cold food, as well as inhaling polluted air. There are acute and chronic pharyngitis. The symptoms that are observed with acute pharyngitis are:

• Feeling of dryness in the throat (pharynx area).
• Pain when swallowing.
• Upon examination (pharyngoscopy), signs of inflammation of the palate and its posterior wall are revealed.

The symptoms of pharyngitis are very similar to those of catarrhal tonsillitis, but, unlike it, the patient’s general condition remains normal, and there is no increase in body temperature. With this pathology, as a rule, the inflammatory process does not affect the palatine tonsils, but with catarrhal tonsillitis, on the contrary, signs of inflammation are present exclusively on them.

Chronic pharyngitis develops with an untreated acute process. Other inflammatory diseases of the respiratory tract, such as rhinitis, sinusitis, as well as smoking and alcohol abuse, can also provoke a chronic course.

Laryngitis

Source: https://www.syl.ru/article/169780/new_zabolevaniya-dyihatelnyih-putey-zabolevaniya-verhnih-dyihatelnyih-putey

Cough medications: do no harm!

Author Marina Kuznetsova | 2014-11-25

Hello, dear friends!

It's good to have your own blog! You write whatever you think is necessary. And no one forces you to write about what you “ordered.” Only your own thoughts and opinions!

I wonder what representatives of some manufacturing companies will say if they suddenly come across this article. ????

So, the season of cough, snot and sore throat continues its march across the country and its environs. We talked about medications for sore throat. We also talked about what to recommend for a runny nose. And we managed to talk about cold medications.

But we still have one more group of funds that were popular during this period. These are drugs for treating cough.

• Unfortunately, the pharmacy employee's recommendation usually looks like this:
• - Give me something for the cough.
• — Is the cough dry or wet?
• - Wet.

- Then take Ambrobene (Fluimucil, ACC, Lazolvan, etc., etc.)

My dear Pharmacists!

Everything is far from being as simple as it might seem at first glance. Let's try to figure it all out. Although, to be honest, I’ll tell you that for a good ten years, if not more, I have had questions about a number of cough medications and their manufacturers. But more on that later. In the meantime...

Why does cough happen?

In fact, in order to prescribe the “right” remedy for cough, you need to know its cause.

And there are a great many reasons:

• Upper respiratory tract diseases.
• Diseases of the lower respiratory tract.
• Allergy.
• Taking certain medications.
• Heart diseases.
• Gastroesophageal reflux disease.
• Whooping cough.
• Thyroid diseases.
• Lungs' cancer.
• Tuberculosis.

And so on and so forth.

Just imagine. An elderly man asks you for something for a dry cough, you offer him Sinecod, but this man has only recently started taking an ACE inhibitor. And he asks you and him! Should this alarm you? Undoubtedly! And most likely, if the doctor chooses another antihypertensive drug for him, the cough will disappear.

Or the second example.

The buyer has simple pharyngitis, which causes frequent coughing. You offer him Omnitus, and five days later he comes to you and says that it didn’t help. Of course it won't help! Why suppress the cough in this case? After all, here we needed the most ordinary throat suckers that would relieve local inflammation!

No no! Under no circumstances will I teach you how to make a diagnosis in all of the above cases. Why “take away bread” from doctors?

But you should know some of the nuances of the action and prescription of cough medications.

In general, in order.

Cough in diseases of the upper respiratory tract

1. When a person gets a cold, the virus penetrates the mucous membrane of the nose, pharynx, and larynx, begins to multiply there and causes inflammation.
2. What does the body do?
3. Trying to free himself from him.

4. How?
5. The production of mucus increases, the corresponding receptors are irritated, and what do we see and hear?

Runny nose and cough. And if the larynx is involved in the process, then there is also hoarseness.

With laryngitis, the cough is dry, with pharyngitis it can be different.

In children, coughing often occurs because snot flows down the back wall of the throat, irritating its receptors.

Are cough medications needed here? No! Here you need nasal drops and all sorts of different “suckers” for the throat, which we have already talked about.

It's clear?

Go ahead.

Cough in diseases of the lower respiratory tract

It is for diseases of the lower respiratory tract that the great variety of cough medications that are presented in the pharmacy are used.

Before talking about them, a short excursion into the anatomy and physiology of the above.

Normally, the cells of the mucous membrane of the trachea and bronchi secrete a very certain amount of secretion. It contains proteins and enzymes, including immunoglobulin A and lysozyme, which provide local protection against viruses and bacteria.

But with inflammation of the trachea and bronchi, much more mucus is released. In addition, its composition is changing. It becomes thick. Eyelashes can no longer cope with either its quantity or its viscosity. The sputum stagnates and clots form. Bacteria begin to multiply in them. The lumen of the bronchus narrows.

Of course, the body is trying to cleanse itself of all this nasty stuff. Excess sputum irritates the receptors of the bronchial mucosa, causing a cough.

That is, from all this the conclusion follows:

A cough in such cases is good!

This means that the respiratory tract needs to be “helped” in this process: to thin the mucus, improve the functioning of the cilia, and reduce the production of mucus.

But there are situations when a dry cough strikes, which simply exhausts the patient and does not allow him to sleep. Then doctors recommend drugs that suppress cough.

In children, antitussive drugs are used, for example, for whooping cough, since the cause of cough in this case is irritation of the cough center, which is located in the medulla oblongata.

Medicines for treating cough

So, they are all divided into “ ANT Cough ” drugs and “ FOR cough ” drugs. But pharmacy visitors don’t see the difference and, as a rule, ask “something FOR a cough.” Although most often they need a cough remedy.

Preparations “FOR COUGH”

When are they needed?

1. When there is sputum, but it is thick and therefore difficult to remove
2. When there is little sputum and you need to increase its amount

These tasks are performed by 2 groups of drugs.

Expectorants

They irritate the gastric mucosa and reflexively increase the secretion of mucus in the bronchi. This increases the volume of sputum. It acts on the receptors of the mucous membrane of the lower respiratory tract, the work of the cilia is activated, and now the phlegm has already gone out, where it belongs.

This is how extracts of marshmallow, anise, elecampane, wild rosemary, coltsfoot, plantain, licorice, violet, thyme, and thermopsis “work.”

Attention!

It is dangerous for young children to use these drugs, since they increase the volume of sputum, and the respiratory muscles are not yet sufficiently developed, and the child will not be able to “cough it up.” And then bacteria multiply in the sputum clot, and it also blocks the “passage” for air, creating wonderful conditions for the development of pneumonia.

I remember one rule from my student days:

Do not prescribe expectorants to children under 2 years of age!

And now many of them are prescribed to babies right and left.

Maybe in the 21st century children have become stronger? And now they should cough properly - just a piece of cake?

Or maybe some kind of nanotechnology is now used in the production of these drugs? ????

Mucolytics

This group of drugs changes the quality of sputum without affecting its volume . The sputum becomes more liquid and is easily coughed out.

Here we highlight 3 subgroups:

1. Preparations based on ambroxol. We also include the famous Bromhexine , since in the body it turns into ambroxol.

They thin out mucus. In addition, they stimulate the production of surfactant, a substance that lines the alveoli and prevents them from sticking together. Thanks to this property, preparations based on ambroxol are used even in premature infants to “straighten” their lungs and prevent atelectasis.

If we compare the effectiveness of Ambroxol and Bromhexine, then the latter is lower.

1. Preparations based on acetylcysteine ​​thin sputum and also reduce the adhesion of bacteria to the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract.

They have a serious disadvantage: they reduce the activity of a number of antibiotics: penicillins, tetracyclines. Therefore, the interval between taking them should be at least 2 hours.

Attention!

In 1/3 of cases, drugs based on acetylcysteine ​​increase bronchospasm. Therefore, doctors often prescribe them along with bronchodilators.

3. Preparations based on carbocysteine.

Compared to the previous subgroup they have a lot of advantages:

• They stimulate the production of immunoglobulin A and lysozyme, that is, they increase local protection against all evil spirits in the form of viruses and bacteria.
• They have an antiviral effect.
• They reduce the production of inflammatory mediators, which means they also have an anti-inflammatory effect.
• Compatible with antibiotics, glucocorticosteroids, bronchodilators.

I was not lazy, read some studies and it turned out that the duration of cough when taking drugs of the third group is shorter compared to the second .

Attention!  

Carbocysteine ​​and acetylcysteine ​​are contraindicated for gastric ulcers

(in the acute stage).

If the drug contains carbocisteine ​​in the form of lysine salt (Fluifort), this means its rapid and complete absorption. This form neutralizes the acidity of carbocisteine ​​and reduces the risk of side effects from the gastrointestinal tract.

Guaifenesin stands apart between expectorants and mucolytics . It reduces the adhesion of mucus to the bronchial mucosa, reduces its viscosity, and increases mucus secretion.

Phew! Are you confused? Then let's continue the conversation. We don't have much left.

Anti-cough medications

When are they needed?

With a dry, painful cough that disrupts your overall well-being and prevents you from sleeping normally.

Centrally acting drugs

The composition contains one of these substances: codeine, butamirate, oxeladine, glaucine.

They act directly on the cough center and reduce its excitability.

• Tenderly loved by many customers, Bronholitin contains, in addition to glaucine, ephedrine, which dilates the bronchi.
• Therefore, it is indicated for coughs, one of the causes of which is bronchospasm.
•  Attention!

Bronholitin is contraindicated for heart disease, hypertension, and glaucoma.

Peripheral drugs

This group includes prenoxdiazine ( Libexin ), which has a local anesthetic effect on the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract, and therefore reduces the sensitivity of receptors to various factors that provoke cough.

Attention!

If an antitussive drug is recommended for a wet cough, then we will get stagnation of sputum in the respiratory tract and the most unpredictable consequences.

Erespal stands out from this entire classification , which reduces the secretion of inflammatory mediators, has an antispasmodic effect, due to which it can be used for diseases of the upper and lower respiratory tract.

So, conclusions and recommendations for you.

1. If they ask for something for a cough, find out if your throat hurts or if you have hoarseness. In this case, do not recommend cough medicines, but throat suckers.
2. If a customer picks up ACE inhibitors and asks “anything for a cough,” ask follow-up questions to find out the cause. Or maybe the cough is the result of a side effect of an antihypertensive drug?
3. It is not always possible for a visitor to correctly assess the nature of a cough (dry or wet). FOR cough medications rather than “ANTICOUGH” medications.
4. Dispense antitussives for children only as prescribed by a doctor!
5. Do not assume responsibility and do not recommend anything for coughs to children under 6 years of age. To the doctor!!!
6. If you recommend products based on carbocysteine ​​or acetylcysteine, ask a question about peptic ulcer disease .

And finally, a list of cough medications whose effects I don’t understand:

1. Stoptussin.
2. Tussin plus.
3. Zedex.
4. Glycodin.

 Attention - question:

All these drugs contain components, some of which have an antitussive effect, while others have an expectorant effect.

How is this possible? If the expectorant component thins sputum and increases its quantity, and the antitussive component blocks the cough, what do we get? Right. Stagnation of sputum, proliferation of bacteria in it, development of a focus of inflammation. How to understand this?

This question has been bothering me for a long time. Looks like it's just me. I didn't find anything about this on the Internet.

Stoptussin is especially worried. After all, it is prescribed in drops to very little ones!

And further:

Herbion with plantain in such a miraculous way ?

Or is the plantain in this preparation special? For some reason, Dr. Theiss syrup with plantain is an expectorant, and Herbion with plantain is an antitussive?

Plantain is also a plantain in Africa. Which means it’s an expectorant!!! Or am I missing something? ????

I'll end here. I would be very grateful if anyone could help me shed light on these dark affairs of manufacturers. ????

Source: https://nikafarm.ru/preparaty-dlya-lecheniya-kashlya-ne-navredi

Acute and chronic diseases of the upper respiratory tract

The first respiratory organs through which atmospheric air begins its journey are the nasopharynx, trachea and bronchi. The trachea is a branched structure, figuratively reminiscent of a tree with a crown of branches. The organ is composed of fibroelastic tissue and a chain of rings, which in the anterior part of the organ have a cartilaginous ring-shaped base, and in the posterior part they are adjacent to the esophagus.

The bronchi are similar in structure to the trachea. Flexible and soft, they consist of many fibers that are located on the walls of the organ. Further, branching, the bronchial segments pass into bronchioles, an organ similar in general structure to the previous one, but not containing cartilage. They, like the bronchi, have walls made of fibers, but they lack mucus-producing cells.

Alveoli are sacs with thin walls, the task of which is to ensure the process of gas exchange. Thanks to them, oxygen enters the blood and, upon completion of the cycle, is excreted from the body in the form of carbohydrate dioxide. In their structure, the alveoli resemble a large bunch of grapes; their task is to ensure gas exchange in both directions.

What diseases affect the upper respiratory tract?

Diseases that affect the upper respiratory tract are divided into acute and chronic forms.

In most cases, microorganisms that provoke the disease are transmitted by airborne droplets, and this happens more often during the season of sudden climatic changes.

Getting into the respiratory tract, infections take hold in areas of the mucous membrane, affect their soft tissues and provoke the development of inflammatory processes, with subsequent intensification.

• Rhinitis. The disease is characterized by the presence of foci of inflammation located on the mucous membrane of the nasal canals. Rhinitis is both one of the symptoms of colds and other diseases, and an independent disease.
• Sinusitis. Manifests itself in the form of complications after infectious diseases.
• Adenoids. Refers to a type of pathological changes that occur against the background of hyperplasia, modifying the tissue of the nasopharyngeal tonsils.
• Tonsillitis. A form of pathology that occurs during inflammatory processes of the palatine tonsil.
• Acute tonsillitis (tonsillitis). The forms differ in 4 varieties: follicular, phlegmous, catarrhal, lacunae.
• Pharyngitis. Pathological changes with characteristic inflammatory processes in the pharyngeal mucosa.
• Laryngitis. Inflammatory processes affect the larynx, both partially and completely.

Acute

Acute diseases of the upper respiratory tract include those in which other symptoms are observed against the background of organ damage: pain, fever, cough. Acute lesions of the upper respiratory tract are divided into 3 main degrees of severity:

• Lungs. There are difficulties with nasal breathing, scratching in the throat, soreness, mild cough, burning sensation, and hoarseness of the voice. Hyperemia is observed in areas of the mucous membrane of the posterior wall of the nasopharynx, on the lining of the oral cavity, trachea, and larynx.
• Average degree. Hyperemia and other changes are more noticeable: on the membranes of the respiratory tract there are areas where burn necrotic processes are present, in which mucopurulent discharge is observed. The processes of excretion may be delayed for a considerable period, and catarrhal inflammation may be observed in the areas of the nasopharynx, oral cavity and lower membranes of the respiratory tract.
• High degree. A spasm of the throat is observed against the background of a reflex reaction with visible difficulty breathing, accompanied by whistling and wheezing. In some cases, asphyxia of the respiratory tract can lead to immediate death. Combinations of simultaneous damage to the respiratory and visual organs are possible, which most often occur due to exposure to toxic substances.

Chronic

Problems that affect the functionality of the respiratory system may vary.

The presence of allergens, professional activity near exposure to chemical reagents, polluted or excessively dry air, these are only part of the main reasons that provoke malfunctions.

The danger of chronic diseases is the negative consequences that arise from complications. Chronic diseases of the pulmonary structures and respiratory tract include:

Causes and symptoms of the most common diseases

Infectious diseases more often affect the respiratory tract than the common cold. Pathogens that can cause damage to the respiratory system are divided into several groups:

• Fungal infections. Representatives of this group are actinomycetes, fungi of the Candida family, and aspergillus.
• Viruses. The cause of infection can be influenza virus, rhinoviruses, herpovirus, measles virus, rotavirus, enterovirus infections and others.
• Bacteria. Whooping cough bacillus, pneumococci, meningococcus, mycobacteria, diphtheria pathogen and other bacteria.

The causes of colds are freezing, drinking cold drinks, sudden changes in weather conditions, weak immunity and others. The symptoms that determine the category of the disease may differ, but in general they are similar:

Regardless of the form of the disease and its causative agent, for almost everyone one of the main symptoms is the presence of inflammatory processes.

acute respiratory infections and acute respiratory viral infections

About 200 viruses can provoke infection with acute respiratory viral infections and acute respiratory infections, and the most famous is the influenza virus, which is dangerous primarily because it can mutate (swine flu, bird flu) and manifest itself in new varieties. Other pathogens of the disease are less known, but are also capable of causing infection and affecting the body in a short period of time:

• Metapneumoviral.
• Respiratory syncytial.
• Parainfluenza.
• Adenoviral.
• Bokaruviral.
• Rhinovirus.
• Coronavirus.

The listed types of infections are not all, but the symptoms of their manifestation are practically not much different:

• Respiratory tract damage.
• Headache.
• Chills, fever.
• Pain in muscles and joints.
• Increased body temperature.
• Enlarged lymph nodes.

Swelling in areas of the mucous membrane, difficulty speaking and swallowing, wheezing or whistling when breathing may also be observed. Atypical types of diseases, the development of which occurs asymptomatically, are especially dangerous; in such cases, it is especially important to consult a specialist who will help find out the cause and prescribe the correct treatment.

Flu

Influenza is an acute infectious disease that is transmitted in three main ways: through transmission of infection through household items (violation of hygiene rules), airborne droplets and airborne dust contamination. The main reason for the spread of the disease is the short incubation period of development (from 3 to 12 hours) and the constant mutation of the infection, which is a complicating factor for treatment.

The initial stage of the development of the disease is the external modification of the patient: he resembles a person who has been crying for a long time: an unhealthy shine appears in the eyes, the face becomes puffy, there is noticeable swelling, and redness of the skin is observed. Further symptoms have a classic version of previously described infectious diseases:

• There is damage to the respiratory tract in the form of pain, difficulty swallowing and speaking.
• Headache and muscle pain.
• High body temperature (up to 400C).
• Chills, fever.
• Insomnia.
• Photophobia.

The danger of influenza is its possible manifestation in the form of complications, which, under the influence of a microbial infection, can provoke various pathological changes.

• Swelling of the lungs
• Brain dysfunction.
• Development of meningitis.
• Myocarditis.
• Neurological diseases and other damage to internal organs.

Angina

The main causative agents of sore throat are staphylococci and streptococci, microorganisms that are found on human skin and in the environment. The disease can also be caused by fungi and viruses, but this happens less frequently and in most cases occurs due to a weakened immune system.

The unhindered penetration of microorganisms, their settlement in areas of the mucous membrane and reproduction, cause the appearance of inflammatory processes and further damage to the respiratory system. Symptoms of the disease may differ depending on the type of sore throat:

• Herpetic. This type of sore throat is most often observed in children. The disease develops rapidly with the appearance of a sore throat and a sharp increase in body temperature. With additional diagnosis, a rash of red blisters is observed in areas of the mucous membrane of the throat and tonsils, their appearance reminiscent of a type of herpes.
• Catarrhal. The disease is characterized by rapid development: itching and sore throat appears, severe pain is felt when swallowing. There is an increase in temperature, there is noticeable redness in the throat, and severe dry mouth is felt.
• Fibrinous. Almost in the first phase of development, a white coating appears on the tonsils, with possible advancement to areas of the palate and pharynx. The body temperature can exceed 400C, the patient feels severe chills, has a fever, and possible manifestations of diarrhea and nausea. Of particular danger are disruptions in the functioning of the respiratory system and short-term memory loss.
• Lacunarnaya. Almost the same as in the case of follicular tonsillitis, with the difference that the disease develops and proceeds in a more complicated form.
• Follicular. Initially, the disease manifests itself in an increase in body temperature (up to 390C). There is noticeable soreness in areas of the throat, which is simultaneously transmitted in the form of lumbago to the hearing organs during swallowing. There is swelling of the throat mucosa, areas of redness and a yellow-white coating are visible.

Rhinitis

The cause of the development of rhinitis is a type of infection that, when ingested, causes disruptions in the functioning of the respiratory system. Other types of infections can also become possible provocateurs of the disease: diphtheria, measles, HIV infection, gonorrhea, influenza.

The main factors that can cause the appearance of non-infectious rhinitis are the influence of external weather conditions and impaired immunity.

Symptoms, regardless of what exactly caused acute rhinitis, are divided into three stages of the disease:

• First. The appearance of burning and tickling in the nose, one feels that the nasal passages are dry.
• Second. There is abundant observation of liquid discharge, stuffiness is felt, the nose stops breathing.
• Discharge from the nose becomes viscous, often purulent, with an unpleasant musty odor.

Sinusitis

Sinusitis is a disease in which inflammatory processes affect the membranes of the sinuses (sinus appendages). The development of the disease can be one of the types of complications after an infectious disease.

The symptoms of sinusitis resemble other infectious diseases of the respiratory tract, but the most severe symptoms are heaviness in the head, pain, profuse nasal discharge, and congestion.

Rarely, increased body temperature may occur.

The main reasons for the development of the disease can be allergies, hypothermia, infection, fungus, and pathological changes in the area of ​​the nasal septum.

Adenoids

The adenoids are located in such a way as to act as a barrier against viruses and harmful microorganisms entering the body. In addition, the organ is a kind of thermostat that protects other respiratory organs from cold air entering their areas.

Source: http://kashelb.com/lechenie-kashlya/522-zabolevaniya-verkhnikh-dykhatelnykh-putej

How to treat upper cough in an adult

A dry cough is a natural reflex of the body, indicating the development of a serious illness. Its predecessor is a sore throat.

Typically, a nonproductive cough resolves without the release of sputum or mucus from the lungs.

What reasons contribute to its occurrence? What types of dry cough are there in adults, treatment for which should be started immediately? More on this, as well as methods of treatment and prevention, later in the article.

Causes and characteristic signs of cough

More often, cough occurs due to inflammation of the bronchi, bronchioles and irritation of the receptors located in them.

It can also be a consequence of inflammation of the larynx, pharynx and tonsils. These processes are observed in respiratory diseases of viral, less often - bacterial etiology.

In some cases, they can develop as a result of chemical or physical influences on the body from the outside.

The etiological factors in the development of the causes of dry cough are:

• pathogenic microflora: viruses, bacteria and fungi;
• thermal and chemical burns of the respiratory tract;
• exposure to toxic substances, smoke, including smoking;
• inhalation of allergens;
• pressure on the bronchi and trachea from enlarged lymph nodes, thyroid gland, etc.;
• ingestion of small foreign bodies when inhaled with air, dust containing microscopic dust mites.

Inflammation of the larynx, the constant companion of which is a painful, convulsive cough. Along with this symptom, voice disturbances, so-called aphonia, severe pain when swallowing, and fever are observed.

Pneumonia. It is characterized by inflammation of the “breathing sacs” - the alveoli. The cough comes first: first dry, then with sputum. Pain in the chest area is not typical, although it is possible that the patient will complain of pain when breathing. High body temperature and shortness of breath are also characteristic of pneumonia.

They include a large group of diseases of various etiologies. Symptoms are varied, and the patient’s condition can be mild, moderate, or severe. Coughing can be strong and intrusive. The sputum is scanty and difficult to cough up. In some cases of pneumonia, it may be completely absent.

This cough is significantly different from its other types.

It can be severe, dry or moderate, occurs immediately after exposure to an irritating factor and has no signs of a cold: no chills, no fever.

But it is often accompanied by a runny nose, the so-called allergic rhinitis, lacrimation caused by allergic conjunctivitis, itching of the skin and mucous membranes. The patient will cough until the effect of the allergen stops.

Doesn't go away for a long time. It is observed in acute respiratory viral infections, allergies, and rarely in tuberculosis and thyroid diseases.

Paroxysmal cough in an adult.

Severe coughing attacks most often occur with bronchial asthma. Accompanied by difficulty breathing, a feeling of constriction in the chest, dry wheezing that can be heard from a distance. This type of symptom accompanies cardiac pathology. Cough is also observed when gastric contents are thrown into the esophagus and larynx.

Dry “barking” cough in an adult

Occurs with pharyngitis, laryngitis, aspiration of foreign bodies into the respiratory tract or choking. This symptom is also present in the presence of neoplasms in the larynx (tumors).

Dry suffocating cough in adults

It is observed with bronchitis, especially obstructive, when foreign objects enter the trachea and bronchi. It is a formidable symptom of whooping cough: being a childhood infection, this disease in an adult can be severe and cause complications.

Dry cough at night

Expectorants

To soften the cough, the following groups of drugs for dry cough are used.

Video of radish with honey for dry cough

Rubbing with goat and badger fat. Rub the back and chest area with fat, wrap in a warm cloth overnight.

Complications and prevention

Cough, as a rule, does not appear in the patient as an independent symptom, but is a consequence of some disease. At the same time, it causes sleep disturbances, irritability, and fatigue. If the symptom is very strong and intrusive, as with whooping cough, there is a danger of loss of consciousness and even respiratory arrest. Vomiting often occurs.

Cough, which is one of the manifestations of chronic respiratory diseases with obstruction, may be accompanied by progressive shortness of breath and an increase in pulmonary heart failure. To prevent all this from happening, you need to monitor your health and adhere to some preventive measures:

• avoid hypothermia and stress;
• strengthen immunity;
• do hardening and gymnastics;
• to refuse from bad habits;
• observe the work and rest schedule;
• avoid contact with toxic and allergic substances;
• lead a healthy lifestyle.

Video about dry cough (Doctor of Medical Sciences K.A. Zykov), watch to the end.

Conclusion

Occurring at the onset of the disease, cough gives rise to many troubles and brings discomfort to our lives. Most often it appears in combination with a temperature reaction, general weakness, pain behind the sternum, in the joints and throughout the body. At the same time, its symptoms haunt and interfere with work or rest.

To quickly get rid of unwanted manifestations, you should consult a doctor and take the necessary preventative measures. The sooner you start treatment, the faster the effect will be. And it’s even better to prevent the disease, rather than treat it later.

Therefore, you should not forget about prevention methods and always remember a healthy lifestyle.

source

Dry cough in an adult: effective treatment with drugs

The symptoms of a cold are familiar to every person. However, a cough is not always a symptom of a viral disease. Inflammation of the respiratory tract (lower and upper sections) can have different causes. Given the pace of life and the constant lack of time, it will be useful to know how to treat a dry cough.

Of course, it is better to consult a doctor. This way you can be sure that the therapy is chosen correctly, and the medications purchased will definitely help. But practice shows that when patients cough, they often go not to a medical facility, but to the nearest pharmacy.

How to recognize a cough?

A cough is the forced emission of air through the mouth, which is provoked by irritation of the receptors of the respiratory tract (nose, larynx, bronchi, trachea and others).

This symptom occurs in every person sooner or later.

Most often, preschool children experience coughing. In adults, the disease occurs less frequently.

Cough can be classified:

• deaf - can talk about a tumor of the respiratory tract or the latent course of tuberculosis;

Source: https://lkray-promo.ru/kashel/kak-lechit-verhniy-kashel-u-vzroslogo/

Upper respiratory tract cough treatment

Upper cough treatment with medications

An upper respiratory tract cough, the treatment of which should not be shelved, requires a mandatory visit to a specialist.

An experienced doctor can prescribe you the right medications that will help quickly eliminate such an unpleasant symptom, preventing it from descending into the bronchi and lungs.

The main task of medications intended to eliminate this disease is to relieve sore throat. Various sprays are used for this. The most effective and well-known examples of them:

• Tantum Verde.
• Hexoral.
• Stoptussin.
• Inhalipt.

Lollipops, which are sold in pharmacies, also help to eliminate pain and also get rid of unpleasant itching:

• Falimint.
• Dr. MOM.
• Travisil.
• Codelac.

For a dry cough, the patient is often prescribed medicines that have a positive effect on the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract:

• Gerbione.
• Pertussine.
• Bronchicume
• Suprimo Broncho.

Gedelix drops of plant origin also help eliminate this symptom. All of the above medications for the treatment of the disease should be taken with caution. This is especially true for children under the age of twelve, as well as pregnant women and nursing mothers.

Upper cough treatment with folk remedies

There are also a lot of traditional methods for treating upper cough. However, it is recommended to use them only in combination with medications. What kind of recipes are we talking about:

• Moisten gauze or cotton cloth with sunflower, linseed or olive oil and apply to the chest. Cover it with a bag on top and wrap yourself in a warm down shawl. Leave this compress overnight.
• Melt one hundred grams of butter in a glass of milk, add a tablespoon of honey and drink warm. In the absence of honey, you can add a small pinch of soda to this mixture. You can take this remedy several times a day.
• Pour a pack of soda into a large saucepan with boiling water, cover your head with a thick blanket and breathe through your mouth. Exhaling steam through the nose.
• Brew leaves or dried raspberry fruits, oregano and viburnum berries in equal parts, leave for a little while and take half a cup three times a day warm.
• Add one teaspoon of dry sage to a small amount of milk and bring this mixture to a boil. After this, cool slightly and bring to a boil again. Strain the product and drink it at night, be sure to cover yourself with a blanket after taking it so that you can sweat properly.

Treatment of upper cough should be carried out comprehensively, it is better when not only traditional medicine is used, but also folk medicine.

pro-kashel.ru

Treatment of upper respiratory tract infections in children

Symptoms of ARVI are varied, in 40% of cases the disease is accompanied by a cough.

Source: https://0p3.ru/kasel/kashel-verhnih-dyhatelnyh-putej-lechenie.html