Symptoms of colpitis and approaches to treating the inflammatory process

Colpitis (vaginitis) is an infectious disease characterized by inflammation of the vaginal mucosa. The disease is often accompanied by damage to the cervical canal (endocervitis), external genitalia (vulvitis), and urethra (urethritis).

It is registered in women of different ages, including children. Easily diagnosed and effectively treated. However, in the absence of adequate therapy, severe complications can develop, leading to infertility or the onset of ectopic pregnancy.

Methods for treating colpitis using medications and traditional medicine are presented, and the effect of the pathology on the body of a pregnant woman and her unborn child is described.

Kinds

According to the ICD classification, the disease refers to inflammatory diseases of the female pelvic organs.

There are several forms, each of which differs in the causative agent, certain symptoms and an individual approach in choosing a treatment technique.

It can be primary (the pathological process develops directly in the vagina) or secondary (the pathogen penetrates from the uterus or vulva). There are 3 types of colpitis:

• Candidiasis (thrush). It is observed when the mucous membrane is infected with yeast fungi. Often occurs during pregnancy, as well as when taking antibiotics.
• Atrophic. Caused by a violation of the production of sex hormones - estrogens. It develops with the use of certain medications, in old age and in women who have had the uterus or ovaries removed.
• Trichomonas. The most common type of disease. The causative agents are various types of Trichomonas.

If treated incorrectly, the acute form becomes chronic, which is characterized by a sluggish course with periodic relapses and mild symptoms. With this type of disease, inflammation gradually spreads to the uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries, causing adnexitis and endometritis over time, which significantly increases the risk of infertility.

Causes

Pathogenic organisms include gonococci, trichomonas, proteus, streptococci, ureaplasma, gardnerella, staphylococcus, chlamydia, E. coli, pinworms and fungi.

Pathogens can also be organisms of a viral nature (cytomegalovirus, herpes viruses and human papillomaviruses).

There are several factors that contribute to a decrease in local immunity and increased reproduction of pathogenic microflora in the vagina (including conditionally pathogenic):

• diseases of internal organs (including the uterus and its appendages) in acute and chronic forms;
• injuries to the mucous membranes of a mechanical, thermal, chemical nature, resulting from medical manipulations, douching, vaginal douches, in the presence of uncomfortable conditions during sexual intercourse (lack of moisture, “dry” sliding);
• disturbances in the functioning of elements of the endocrine system (hypo- or dysfunction of the ovaries, pancreas, thyroid gland, adrenal glands, diabetes);
• sexually transmitted infections of various origins (genital herpes, mycoplasmosis, trichomoniasis, gonorrhea, chlamydia, ureaplasmosis);
• disorders of the ovarian-menstrual cycle;
• the occurrence of allergic manifestations in relation to hygienic cosmetics or contraceptives (suppositories, condoms, pads, lubricants, tampons);
• anatomical features of the vagina or its pathological changes (prolapse of the walls, decreased tone of the vaginal muscles, the presence of fistulas between the vagina and the rectum or bladder, gaping of the genital slit);
• uncontrolled or unjustified use of broad-spectrum antibiotics and some other medications;
• malnutrition of the mucous membranes due to vitamin deficiency, weakened blood supply or after severe bleeding;
• failure to comply with personal hygiene conditions;
• decreased general immunity;
• pregnancy;
• frequent constipation;
• wearing tight-fitting underwear.

In girls, the development of pathology can occur when an infection enters the bloodstream (scarlet fever, tonsillitis), when opportunistic microflora enters through the gastrointestinal tract, in the case of allergic reactions, or when foreign objects penetrate into the vaginal cavity. In older women, the onset of the disease is associated with age-related changes in hormonal levels (the atrophic form of the disease is diagnosed).

Symptoms of colpitis in women

The nature and severity of symptoms depend on the causes that caused colpitis, its type, shape, severity and neglect. Symptoms usually appear locally at the site of the lesion. General symptoms of intoxication (muscle pain, headaches, hyperthermia) are recorded very rarely. Sometimes the disease is asymptomatic. Characteristic manifestations are:

• the presence of a large number of discharges of various origins (watery, mucous, cheesy, mucopurulent, foamy, bloody);
• the presence of a specific odor;
• burning sensation accompanied by itching (intensifies after a long walk, in the evening and at night);
• pain of moderate strength occurring in the lower abdomen, in the organs of the reproductive system;
• feeling of discomfort during bowel movements and sexual intercourse;
• redness, swelling of the genitals, the inner surface of the vaginal cavity;
• frequent urination, accompanied by pain;
• nervous system disorders (insomnia, neuroses, stress, irritability, decreased libido).

The chronic phase differs from the acute phase in a mild course with periodically recurrent exacerbations. The disease often manifests itself in the form of vulvovaginitis and is characterized by redness not only of the genitals, but also of the inner surface of the buttocks and thighs. Advanced pathology can cause minor bleeding and provoke disruption of the menstrual cycle, including amenorrhea.

Diagnostics

An important condition for diagnosis is to identify the boundaries of the source of inflammation and search for concomitant diseases in other organs (uterus, cervix and appendages). The causative agents of the disease and their resistance to standard antibiotics must be determined. The following types of examination are required:

• taking anamnesis;
• Ultrasound;
• gynecological examination;
• smear test for amino test;
• urine and blood tests (biochemical, general, estrogen level);
• bacteriological culture;
• colposcopy;
• cytology analysis.

During the diagnostic process, the presence and type of qualitative changes in the vaginal mucosa are revealed. The patient’s medical record is studied to detect chronic ailments that could potentially cause symptoms characteristic of colpitis.

Treatment methods

The maximum treatment effect is achieved through an integrated approach to solving this problem.

The primary role is played by timely diagnosis, determination of the type and form of the disease and the appointment of an adequate treatment technique for each specific case.
Colpitis should be treated consistently.

The algorithm is based on eliminating the main ailment that caused the disease, reducing the severity of symptoms at the local and general levels and activating the immune system.

Drug therapy

This technique is basic and involves treatment with medications (antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal).

For nonspecific colpitis, combined broad-spectrum agents that suppress fungal and bacterial infections are prescribed.

For specific cases – antiviral, antibacterial and antiprotozoal drugs. Tablets used in the presence of colpitis:

• nystatin;
• diflucan;
• ketoconazole;
• metronidazole;
• tetracycline;
• fluconazole;
• cephalexin;
• ampicillin.

The duration of the course, mode of administration and dosage of medications is calculated in each case individually. The use of antibiotics is prescribed after identifying the resistance of the pathogen to various types of drugs in this group.

A prerequisite is the elimination of concomitant diseases, which significantly speeds up recovery and minimizes the risk of possible relapses.
In the presence of diseases characterized by sexual transmission, both partners undergo simultaneous treatment. This is due to the prevention of re-infection.

Therapeutic therapy involves temporary abstinence from sexual intercourse. Their resumption is allowed after passing control tests.

Restoration of natural microflora

Local therapy involves douching the vagina with antiseptic drugs (chlorhexidine, furatsilin, potassium permanganate). It is possible to use cotton gauze swabs soaked in galascorbine. Terzhinan suppositories, metronidazole, dalacin, clotrimazole, polygynax, betadine, diflucan are prescribed.

The restoration of natural microflora is carried out through eubiotics - preparations containing lactic acid bacteria. With their help, acidity levels are normalized and the proliferation of pathogenic microorganisms is stopped.

The most common drugs in this group are Biovestin, Lactobacterin, Vagilak, Bifidumbacterin.

Physiotherapy

These therapeutic methods show high effectiveness in chronic forms. They help reduce fungal and bacterial activity, eliminate itching and inflammation, and stimulate local immunity. The following physiotherapeutic methods are used:

• zinc electrophoresis;
• laser irradiation of blood;
• UHF (anti-exudative method);
• air baths;
• short- and medium-wave UV irradiation;
• heliotherapy;
• half-baths with potassium permanganate;
• thalassotherapy.

A full course of physiotherapy includes from 3 to 8 sessions. Its duration depends on the type of disease, the presence of concomitant pathologies and the intensity of symptoms. If necessary, treatment therapy is repeated after 1 - 1.5 months.

Traditional medicine

The method is based on the use of natural components of plant origin at home. The treating gynecologist should be notified about their use, since not all drugs have the desired effect when combined with certain medications. The following folk recipes are used:

• Eucalyptus: 1 teaspoon of pharmaceutical tincture is diluted in 200 ml of warm water. It is used as a douche twice or thrice a day.
• Mumiyo: 5 g of the substance is dissolved in 200 ml of hot water. The resulting solution is used to impregnate vaginal tampons, which must be inserted into the vagina twice or thrice a day (including before bedtime). The duration of treatment procedures is 2 – 3 weeks.
• Mistletoe: 5 tbsp. spoons of dry plant material are brewed in 1 liter of boiling water and infused for up to half an hour. The product is used in the form of douches twice a day for 1 – 1.5 weeks. If necessary, the treatment course can be extended to a month.
• Calendula: 2% pharmaceutical solution (1 teaspoon) mixed with warm water (200 ml). Used for douching up to 2 times a day.
• St. John's wort: dry herb (2 tablespoons) is poured with boiling water (1 liter) and cooked over low heat for 10 minutes. The prepared decoction is infused for 45 minutes. The product should be douched daily three times a day for 1.5 - 2 weeks.
• Honey: the product is diluted with water in a ratio of 1:2. The resulting solution is used to soak a cotton swab, which is inserted into the vagina once a day before bedtime. Duration of therapy is 2 weeks.
• Chamomile: 1 bag of dried flowers (or 2 g of crumbly raw materials) is brewed in boiling water (200 ml). After cooling, the solution is filtered (if necessary) and used in the form of douching. The duration of treatment is 2 weeks.

A mixture of vegetable oils (sea buckthorn and fir in a ratio of 1:1.5) gives a good result. The mixture is used to apply it to a tampon, which is inserted into the vaginal cavity before bed. Treatment with this method should last no longer than 2 weeks.

Colpitis during pregnancy

In pregnant women, the disease occurs in 80% of cases, but it not only worsens the quality of life at this stage, but also poses an immediate threat to the child.

This is due to the possible spread of infection to nearby organs and infection of amniotic fluid. If a disease is detected before pregnancy, it must be treated.

The occurrence of colpitis during the first trimester can provoke infection of the fetus and miscarriage.

A woman experiences a decrease in immunity and changes in hormonal levels, which continues after childbirth. It should be borne in mind that the use of most medications during pregnancy is unacceptable. The use of any means, including traditional medicine recipes, must be agreed with a doctor.

During the first trimester, terzhinan, nystatin, hexicon, vagotil, and pimafucin are prescribed. In subsequent trimesters - metronidazole, clotrimazole or meratin combi.

Each medication has a number of contraindications, so the best remedy is to prevent the disease and carry out preventive measures.

Prevention

The simplest and most important condition in preventing colpitis is regular adherence to the rules of genital hygiene.

They include washing twice a day using cosmetics specially designed for this, and regularly changing underwear.

It is recommended to have sex with one trusted sexual partner. The main preventive measures include the following:

• Visit a gynecologist once a year, if necessary - every 5 - 6 months. For pregnant women and during menopause, visits should be made more frequently (as recommended by the attending physician).
• Timely treatment of existing diseases (general and gynecological).
• Justified use of antibiotics.
• Visit a specialist at the first signs of inflammation.
• Strengthening the immune system. It is recommended to take vitamins, macro- and microelements, avoid drinking alcohol-containing foods and drinks, and smoking.
• Periodic PCR diagnostics for the presence of sexually transmitted infections (in the presence of a chronic form of pathology).

When carrying out hygienic procedures or after defecation, pathogens are often accidentally introduced from the anus into the vagina, which provokes the development of colpitis of bacterial etiology. These factors are the most common cause of the disease in girls.

It is recommended to follow a diet that includes fermented milk products in the daily diet.

You should eat dishes containing large amounts of vitamins, nutrients, fiber, as well as foods rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (seafood, fish oil, fruits, vegetables, grains).

Video: what does colpitis lead to?

In this video, an experienced gynecologist describes the problems that women have to face in cases of untimely or inadequate therapy. The specialist talks about the duration of restoration of the normal functioning of the female reproductive system when the disease passes into the chronic stage.

Source: https://woolady.ru/kolpit-simptomyi-i-lechenie.html

Symptoms of colpitis in women: atrophic and chronic colpitis

• In this article we will analyze the main symptoms of colpitis in women.
• You will learn what symptoms chronic colpitis has, what atrophic or senile colpitis is and when you need to see a doctor.
• We will tell you how this disease is diagnosed.
• We will describe all the preventive measures that should be followed in order to avoid such an unpleasant phenomenon as colpitis.
• Colpitis: what is it?
• Colpitis is an inflammation of the vaginal mucosa.
• The disease is extremely common among women of childbearing age.
• Colpitis in women: symptoms
• Let's look at the symptoms of colpitis.

• pain and burning during sexual intercourse,

• discomfort in the lower abdomen,
• white or yellow-white discharge from the genital tract with an unpleasant odor,

• decreased sexual desire,
• pain when urinating.

If you find such signs, you should consult a doctor as soon as possible.

Attention! If the symptoms of colpitis are not treated, this can lead to significant complications. Do not self-medicate.

1. Traditional methods of treating colpitis do not provide a complete guarantee of a cure for this disease.
2. Colpitis should only be treated by a professional doctor.
3. Types of colpitis
4. Depending on the course of the disease, doctors distinguish acute or chronic colpitis.
5. There is atrophic colpitis, which is also called “senile colpitis”.
6. Approaches to the treatment and diagnosis of colpitis in women can vary significantly, depending on its type.
7. The causes of these colpitis are also different.
8. Colpitis in women: what are the causes
9. Why does colpitis occur?
10. Let's look at the causes of colpitis in women, depending on its type.
11. The causes of acute colpitis are as follows:

• sexually transmitted infections , which are caused by chlamydia, trichomonas, ureaplasma, staphylococci, E. coli, etc.,
• poor intimate hygiene , wearing tight underwear made of non-natural fabrics,
• individual reaction to the use of condoms , gels and lubricants during sexual intercourse,
• frequent unprotected sex,

• abortions , insertion of intrauterine devices,
• long courses of antibiotic therapy without subsequent restoration of microflora,
• persistent

Acute colpitis can develop as an ascending infection from the external genital organs, or a descending one - with inflammation in the uterine cavity and cervix (endometritis, colpitis, pseudo-erosion, etc.).

Chronic colpitis develops in this case

Chronic colpitis develops if the treatment of the acute process was carried out incorrectly.

Either the disease was not diagnosed in a timely manner, or one of the factors in the development of the disease was not eliminated.

The course of chronic colpitis is accompanied by minor and mild symptoms, discharge in small quantities, while exacerbations of the disease alternate with periods of subsidence (remission).

• “Senile” colpitis: what is it?
• When we hear the word “senile” colpitis, we can involuntarily imagine completely different things.
• Let's look at why it got this name and what its symptoms are.
• Atrophic colpitis
• It is more often observed in postmenopausal women over the age of 55-60 years.
• This atrophic colpitis is called senile or senile colpitis .

1. Its development is predisposed by a decrease in ovarian function associated with a drop in estrogen levels.
2. The mucous membrane becomes thinner, becomes easily injured, and the balance of the microflora is disrupted.
3. Atrophic colpitis: symptoms
4. The symptoms of atrophic colpitis are:

• itching in the external genital area,
• copious discharge, whitish in color and even mixed with blood, with a pungent odor;
• pain during intercourse.

Source: https://kvd-moskva.ru/ginekologiya/42/

Colpitis: treatment, symptoms, signs of colpitis in women - says a gynecologist - Doctor Nearby Clinic

If you have more than 80% of the listed symptoms, we strongly recommend that you consult a doctor for advice.

Colpitis or vaginitis is an inflammation of the vaginal mucosa. Pathology is one of the most common diseases of the female external genitalia.

In clinical practice, specific vaginitis caused by sexually transmitted infections is most common.

Nonspecific colpitis, which is the result of activation of opportunistic flora, is an infrequent diagnosis, associated mainly with decreased immunity.

Classification

• Specific colpitis is diagnosed with tuberculous inflammation of the vagina, as well as when sexually transmitted bacteria enter its mucous membrane. It can be caused by chlamydia, gonococci, trichomonas, treponema, gardnerella, as well as combinations of these pathogens.
• Nonspecific colpitis is caused by the activation of conditionally pathogenic flora, which is normally present in the body. Disruption of the normal microflora of the vagina leads to inflammation occurring under the influence of staphylococcus, E. coli, Proteus, Candida fungi and other pathogens.
• Non-infectious colpitis represents the smallest group of the disease. In such cases, inflammation occurs due to allergies, irritation with latex, tampons or douching solutions.

Based on the nature of the inflammatory process, the following types are distinguished:

• Acute colpitis is diagnosed with a pronounced clinical picture of the disease, which lasts no more than two weeks. This is the most common form, diagnosed in 70-80 percent of patients.
• Subacute colpitis is a stage of the disease through which the process becomes chronic. This stage of development is determined by low-grade inflammation for a period of two weeks to two months.
• Chronic colpitis is an inflammatory process that lasts more than two months. A special form of inflammation is chronic recurrent vaginitis, the symptoms of which appear more than three times a year, alternating with periods of remission.

Causes and mechanism of development

The immediate causes of specific inflammation are bacteria that are sexually transmitted. This occurs with frequent changes of partners, unprotected intercourse and casual sexual relationships.

 Once on the vaginal walls, pathogenic microorganisms penetrate the epithelial cells, causing a characteristic inflammatory process. Sometimes it does not appear immediately, but after a certain period of time, called the incubation period.

This significantly complicates the search for the source of infection and restoration of the entire infectious chain.

The development of nonspecific vaginitis is a little more complicated. The vaginal microflora in a healthy woman is represented by a combination of benign bacteria (Doderlein bacilli) and opportunistic microorganisms.

The latter are represented in smaller quantities, so their presence is not accompanied by any clinical symptoms. There are a number of predisposing factors that lead to a decrease in the number of Doderlein bacilli and activation of opportunistic flora.

They cause nonspecific colpitis in women:

• Mechanical, chemical or physical damage to the mucous membrane.
• Congenital or acquired anatomical features of the external genital tract.
• Diseases of the endocrine system leading to hormonal imbalance.
• Long-term uncontrolled use of antibiotics that affect normal microflora.
• Nutritional disorders of the mucous membrane, which is noted in old age and is called atrophic colpitis.
• Local allergic reactions of the mucous membrane to condoms, ointments, tampons, suppositories.
• Failure to comply with intimate hygiene rules.
• Immunity disorders of various nature.

Non-infectious colpitis, which can be caused by some of the listed factors (irritation, allergies), occurs under the guise of a local inflammatory reaction. In this case, there is no disruption of the normal microflora of the vagina.

A separate group is inflammation that occurs after abortion, childbirth or surgery. Irritation of the genital tract takes part in its development, which is superimposed on the disturbed microflora with weakened immunity. In some sources, postpartum colpitis is considered as a separate nosology that requires a special approach.

Symptoms of colpitis

Clinical manifestations differ depending on the stage of the inflammatory process. The most striking clinical picture is in the acute form of vaginal inflammation, when women exhibit the following symptoms:

1. Pathological discharge from the genital tract. Often, by their nature, the nature of the disease can be preliminarily determined. White cheesy discharge is characteristic of fungal inflammation of the mucous membrane.

   It occurs most often, so this symptom is familiar to almost every woman. Greenish discharge with a fishy odor is characteristic of gardnerella, and foamy yellow-green discharge is characteristic of Trichomonas.

   With gonorrhea and chlamydia, purulent colpitis develops, which in the latter case may also be accompanied by bloody discharge.

2. Itching and burning in the vagina or its vestibule - the part of the external genitalia located between the labia minora and the entrance to the vagina.

3. Pain in the lower abdomen and vaginal area, which intensifies after or during sexual intercourse, during physical activity, or during urination.

4. Frequent urge to urinate. In cases where they are unproductive, they are called false or imperative.

5. Upon visual examination, a woman may see signs of colpitis such as redness and swelling of the external genitalia.

Severe forms of the disease lead to deep damage to the vaginal walls and spread of the inflammatory process to the cervix or bladder. This may be accompanied by increased body temperature, general weakness, sweating and malaise.

In the chronic course of inflammation, the clinical picture of acute vaginitis alternates with asymptomatic periods of remission. Often repeated exacerbations lead to astheno-neurotic syndrome. In such cases, vaginal colpitis leads to irritability, insomnia, loss of strength, and sometimes even severe depression.

Diagnosis of colpitis

• Visual examination of the external genitalia (clitoris, labia, urethra). Vaginitis may be indicated by the presence of swelling, redness of the skin and mucous membranes, cracks and ulcerations.
• A bimanual examination, consisting of palpation of the uterus and its appendages, is carried out to identify complications of vaginitis, as well as concomitant diseases of the internal genital organs.
• Examination of the vagina and cervix in speculums. This basic examination in gynecology allows you to examine the mucous membranes, note the presence of inflammation, and also evaluate the nature of the discharge. Examination in the mirrors allows you to establish the focal or diffuse nature of vaginitis.
• Colposcopy is an examination of the vaginal mucosa under multiple magnification. It makes it possible to visualize signs of the inflammatory process invisible to the eye and take a photo of the affected area. During colposcopy, a series of chemical reactions are carried out with vaginal secretions, thanks to which the nature of the inflammation can be determined.

The listed examination methods make it possible to diagnose inflammatory colpitis and establish the presumptive cause of the disease. To confirm the latter, a number of laboratory tests are carried out:

1. Microscopy of vaginal discharge in some cases makes it possible to determine the cause of inflammation. Antibacterial therapy is often prescribed based on its results.

2. Bacteriological inoculation of secretions on a nutrient medium. This method allows you to accurately determine the pathogen and its sensitivity to antibiotics. The main limitation of the study is its length. It often takes up to 7 days to get results. During this time, with proper treatment, the disease may already regress.

3. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) makes it possible to quickly determine the cause of inflammation. The accuracy of the diagnostic procedure is close to 100%. But the high cost of the study does not allow it to become widespread clinically.

4. Cytology smear and pelvic ultrasound can be used as auxiliary procedures to identify complications.

In addition to specific research methods, women must undergo a general blood test, urine test, tests for HIV and syphilis. This is included in the list of mandatory studies and often helps the doctor when prescribing therapy.

Treatment of colpitis

Treatment is aimed at eliminating the pathogen and restoring normal vaginal microflora. Self-medication often ends in incomplete recovery and chronicity of the process. This can lead to serious consequences, including infection of the internal genital organs and the development of infertility. A course of treatment can only be prescribed by a gynecologist after a comprehensive examination.

Etiotropic treatment

The main focus of treatment is eliminating the pathogen. Therapy should be given not only to the sick woman, but also to her sexual partner, who is most likely a carrier of the infection, even if it has no clinical manifestations.

• Bacterial colpitis caused by nonspecific or certain types of specific flora is treated with antibiotics. Since identifying the pathogen in the early stages of the disease is difficult, therapy begins with broad-spectrum antibiotics. In gynecological practice, azithromycin, doxycycline, tetracycline, and cefapexime are considered the most common and effective.
• For the clinical picture of Trichomonas vaginitis, antiprotozoal drugs (metronidazole) are used. They are often used in combination with antibiotics.
• Candidal vaginitis, commonly known as “thrush,” responds well to therapy with antifungal drugs (fluconazole, ketoconazole).
• Rare cases of viral inflammation require the prescription of antiviral drugs (acyclovir, interferon).

Antibiotics and antiviral drugs are often prescribed in the form of tablets, and antifungal drugs are prescribed as vaginal suppositories. Severe genital tract infections may require injection therapy.

Means for restoring microflora

The key to successful treatment is not only the elimination of the pathogen, but also the restoration of normal vaginal microflora. This increases the body's protective properties and prevents relapse of the disease.

Among the many bacterial preparations, preference should be given to drugs in the form of suppositories. Having a local effect, they are quite effective.

Common medications include acylac, vagilac, lactobacterin and bificol.

Non-drug treatment

During the recovery stage, good results are observed after using physiotherapy. It reduces the inflammatory process and stimulates the restoration of normal epithelium of the vaginal mucosa. Physiotherapeutic procedures include UV irradiation, UHF, ultraphonophoresis and SMV therapy.

During treatment, a woman must adhere to a number of recommendations that can speed up the recovery process:

1. It is necessary to carry out daily hygiene procedures for the intimate area with antiseptic solutions. You can use both natural ingredients (chamomile decoction) and medicines.

2. During treatment, it is necessary to completely avoid sexual intercourse, as this serves as an additional irritant to the vaginal mucosa.

3. It is recommended to use underwear made from natural materials, change it daily, wash it with anti-allergenic powder and be sure to iron it before putting it on.

4. During the treatment period, a woman must adhere to a diet excluding spicy, salty foods and alcoholic beverages. The diet should be dominated by fermented milk products, fresh vegetables and fruits enriched with vitamins.

For uncomplicated disease, the course of treatment does not exceed 7 days. Once the clinical signs of the disease have disappeared, vaginal smears should be taken on the 5th day after menstruation. In the presence of bacterial growth of pathogenic flora, women are prescribed a course of preventive treatment.

Prevention of colpitis

1. Sexual relations should take place with a regular partner. When changing sexual partners, it is imperative to use barrier contraception - condoms.

2. Compliance with the rules of intimate hygiene. Modern gels may contain a large number of synthetic substances that can cause allergies. It is necessary to use new intimate gels with caution, giving preference to natural products.

3. Contraceptives, tampons, gels, suppositories can also cause an allergic reaction. Preference should be given to natural ingredients and world-famous manufacturers.

4. Regular preventive examinations with a gynecologist are the key to women's health. Regardless of the presence or absence of problems with the health of the genital organs, women should be examined by a gynecologist annually.

To summarize, it should be noted that colpitis is a common disease of the genital organs, which can be caused by a large number of pathogens, which is facilitated by an even greater number of risk factors. Vaginitis can cause an ascending infection of internal organs, which has serious consequences for reproductive health.

Treatment of the disease is not always effective. It often has a chronic course with constant relapses. In such conditions, prevention of colpitis comes first, as it can prevent unpleasant symptoms and long-term treatment.

Source: https://www.drclinics.ru/bolezni/kolpit/

Colpitis | Symptoms | Diagnostics | Treatment – ​​DocDoc.ru

Colpitis is an inflammation of the vaginal mucosa, as well as the vaginal part of the cervix, provoked by internal or external factors. In gynecology, depending on the causes of the disease, the following types are distinguished:

• Atrophic colpitis. It occurs due to a decrease in the level of female sex hormones (estrogens) in the body, as a result of which the vaginal epithelium becomes thinner and colonization of the vagina with lactobacilli decreases. Conditions favorable for the development of infection are created. The provoking factors of the disease are: old age, artificial menopause, taking certain medications. drugs. The main symptoms of atrophic colpitis in women: itching and dryness in the vagina, discomfort during intimacy.
• Candidiasis colpitis. In the photo, colpitis in women looks like redness of the vaginal mucosa and its covering with a white coating. This form is caused by fungi of the genus Candida - opportunistic microorganisms. Infection with yeast colpitis can occur after anal/oral sex, due to decreased immunity and dysbiosis. The problem can also be a consequence of long-term antibiotic therapy or pregnancy. Colpitis is especially often diagnosed during pregnancy in the third trimester.
• Trichomonas colpitis. The most common form. The cause of trichomonas colpitis is trichomonas. Infection occurs during unprotected sexual intercourse, through household items. Immediately after entering the vaginal cavity, Trichomonas begins to multiply and infect mucosal cells. Discharge and a whitish coating appear.

Causes

The causes of colpitis are different. These include disturbances in the functioning of the body, infections, and injuries. Each of the provoking factors leads to an acute inflammatory process and an imbalance in the bacterial microflora of the vagina.

Colpitis can develop as a result of:

• Infections with sexually transmitted infections. During unprotected sexual intercourse, pathogenic microorganisms travel from the infected mucous membrane of the partner to the vaginal mucosa. A healthy own microflora does not allow microbes to multiply, but due to weakened immunity, dysbacteriosis or microtrauma, an inflammatory process can begin. Some opportunistic microorganisms contribute to the occurrence of colpitis even in the absence of associated complications. Colpitis is caused by STIs: trichomoniasis, chlamydia, gonorrhea, ureaplasmosis, genital herpes.
• Mechanical damage to the vaginal mucosa. This refers to microtraumas that appear for various reasons (usually due to insufficient hydration of the vagina during sexual intercourse, or the insertion of foreign objects). Because of them, the integrity of the mucous membrane is disrupted, bacteria enter the thickness of the tissue and begin to actively multiply there. The normal balance of microflora is disrupted.
• Long-term use of antibacterial drugs. Broad-spectrum antibiotics destroy not only the pathogen, but also normal microorganisms, so dysbacteriosis develops, and with it colpitis.
• Diseases of the endocrine system. If the ovaries produce insufficient amounts of female hormones, the risk of developing atrophic colpitis increases sharply. Therefore, the cause of the disease includes any pathology that leads to a decrease in the amount of estrogen (diseases of the adrenal glands, pancreas and thyroid glands).
• Nutritional disorders of the mucous membrane. Impaired blood circulation can deprive healthy mucous membranes of the ability to protect the body from the penetration of pathogenic microorganisms. If an insufficient amount of blood enters the tissue of the vaginal walls, the membranes become thinner, and micro tears easily form on them. Mucous cells stop producing normal physiological secretions, and the pH in the vagina changes. Also, the nutrition of the mucous membranes may be disrupted due to a lack of vitamins in the body (especially vitamin A).
• Local allergies. They can be caused by lubricants, condoms, ointments, and suppositories. The mechanism of development of allergic colpitis is associated with the work of local immune cells. When allergens fall on them, they trigger a chain of biochemical reactions. As a result, the body begins to struggle with the foreign material, and the mucous membrane becomes inflamed.
• Failure to comply with personal hygiene rules. Residues of urine, menstrual blood, vaginal discharge, not eliminated in time, are an excellent environment for the development of pathogens.
• Decreased immunity. A weakened immune system itself cannot be the cause of vaginal colpitis, but it creates all the conditions for the development of this disease. Therefore, inflammation of the genital mucosa is more often encountered by women who have suffered severe infectious diseases, a bone marrow transplant procedure, oncology, suffer from HIV/AIDS, have poor nutrition, and have been using hormonal and antibacterial drugs for a long time.

Symptoms of colpitis

The characteristics and intensity of symptoms of colpitis may vary. It depends on the duration of the disease and its causes. Regardless of the clinical form of the pathology, the signs are exclusively local in nature. General manifestations - fever, muscle/headaches, weakness, increased fatigue - are possible only with purulent colpitis.

Among the most common symptoms of colpitis:

• Vaginal discharge observed in any phase of the menstrual cycle. In the bacterial form they are abundant, containing gas bubbles. For candidal colpitis - curdled, in the form of flakes. In the trichomonas form, they are dirty green, sometimes foamy.
• Smell. During their life, fungi decompose chemicals (proteins, sugars) and release gases. Because of this, the smell of rotten fish appears (this symptom is not typical for candidal colpitis).
• Mild abdominal pain that gets worse during urination. They are caused by irritation of the inflamed vaginal walls by substances contained in urine. Also, discomfort becomes more pronounced during sexual intercourse.

If you experience similar symptoms, consult your doctor . It is easier to prevent a disease than to deal with the consequences.

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Diagnostics

The doctor can make a preliminary diagnosis of “Colpitis” immediately after listening to the patient’s complaints and examining her in a chair, during which a strong inflammatory process is revealed.

The only difficulty is that it is necessary not only to identify the disease, but also to understand its cause.

Very often, colpitis accompanies other gynecological diseases and is a consequence of disturbances in the functioning of certain systems and organs.

Collecting information if colpitis is suspected involves the following procedures:

• Ultrasound of the pelvis;
• standard gynecological examination using speculum;
• colposcopy (examination of the vagina using a microscope);
• rectal examination (digital/visual inspection of the rectum for fistulas);
• amiotest (aimed at determining a specific odor);
• bacteriological and cytological analyses;
• blood test (general, biochemical, hormones);
• Analysis of urine.

The gynecologist faces the following tasks:

• determine the exact boundaries of the emerging inflammatory process;
• exclude the presence of inflammation in the uterus, its appendages and cervix;
• identify the pathogen (if we are talking about infectious colpitis);
• analyze dysbacteriosis;
• check the level of estrogen in the blood;
• determine which antibiotics microbes are resistant to;
• check for structural changes in the vaginal mucosa,
• detect chronic diseases that may affect the course of colpitis.

Treatment of colpitis

Treatment of colpitis must be comprehensive - include local and general therapy. It involves eliminating the symptoms of the inflammatory process and fighting the infection that provoked it. Doctors pay maximum attention to increasing the body’s protective properties.

The basic principles of treating colpitis include:

• etiotropic therapy;
• restoration of vaginal microflora;
• treatment of the sexual partner;
• increasing immunity;
• physiotherapy;
• treatment of existing concomitant diseases.

Etiotropic therapy

Etiotropic therapy for colpitis is aimed at eliminating the main cause of the disease. It involves the use of antiviral, antibacterial and antimicrobial drugs.

Nonspecific colpitis is treated with combined broad-spectrum drugs that eliminate fungal/bacterial infections. The vagina is douched with antiseptics (chlorhexidine, furatsilin), tampons with sea buckthorn oil and galascorbine are inserted inside.

Additionally, take Dalacin, Betadine, Metronidazole, Clotrimazole, Diflucan or Terzhinan tablets.

Features of the treatment of specific colpitis depend on the pathogen:

• the candidal form is treated with antifungal drugs;
• bacterial - antibiotics (a preliminary study is necessary to determine the sensitivity of the identified microbes to antibiotics);
• trichomonas - "Metranidazole" (if trichomonas colpitis is diagnosed during pregnancy, treatment with "Metranidazole" is not carried out in the first trimester).

Also, to eliminate the symptoms of colpitis, suppositories (Nystatin), Ketoconazole cream, Ampicillin and Tetracycline tablets, and Metronidazole vaginal tablets can be used.

Restoration of vaginal microflora

Eubiotics help restore the vaginal microflora after using antifungal and antibacterial drugs. These are lactic acid bacteria that can inhabit the vaginal lining and thus restore their acidity. Their intake prevents the proliferation of pathogenic microorganisms.

The drugs for the treatment of colpitis have proven themselves well: Vagilak, Lactobacterin, Biovestin, Bifidumbacterin.

Treatment of sexual partner

If colpitis is caused by a sexually transmitted infection, simultaneous treatment of both sexual partners is necessary. This is done in order to prevent re-infection and relapse. During treatment you should avoid having sex. Intimate relationships are allowed only after passing a control test taken from both the man and the woman.

Boosting immunity

To increase the body's resistance to pathogens and speed up the recovery process, the patient is prescribed:

• heliotherapy (solar therapy);
• vitamin and mineral complex;
• thalassotherapy;
• laser irradiation of blood.

Physiotherapy for colpitis in women

Physiotherapy is not recommended for all women diagnosed with colpitis. They are usually used in cases of chronic disease. With the help of physiotherapy, itching is relieved, local immunity is stimulated, inflammation is eliminated, and fungal/bacterial intoxication is reduced.

The patient may be prescribed:

• zinc electrophoresis;
• ultraviolet short-wave irradiation;
• half-baths with potassium permanganate;
• low-frequency UHF therapy.

Treatment of existing concomitant diseases

For colpitis treatment to be successful, concomitant diseases must be eliminated. So, with hypofunction of the ovaries, correction of their activity is carried out. If a woman has serious chronic diseases (thyroid, diabetes), stable remission is achieved.

Treatment of colpitis during pregnancy

Treatment of colpitis in pregnant women is based on determining the type of pathogen and selecting safe and effective medications. The difficulty of therapy lies in the impossibility of using many drugs.

Treatment tactics for colpitis in pregnant women:

• exclusion from the diet of fatty, spicy and fried foods;
• refusal of sexual activity for the duration of treatment;
• antibiotic therapy (“Josamycin”, “Erythromycin”, “Rovamycin” - medications are selected by a gynecologist);
• antifungal therapy (if candidal colpitis) in the form of ointments and suppositories (“Nystatin”, “Clotrimazole”, “Limafucin”).

Following a diet for colpitis makes it possible to strengthen the immune system and speed up the process of restoration of damaged mucous membranes. During treatment, a woman should consume:

• food products that contain polyunsaturated acids (tuna, cod, shrimp);
• dairy products;
• vegetables, grains, fruits.

You should avoid heavy foods (fatty, fried) and alcohol. They interfere with the normal functioning of the liver, contribute to the exacerbation of chronic diseases, which ultimately leads to inhibition of the recovery process in the vaginal mucosa.

Danger

If treatment is prescribed correctly, there is no threat to the woman’s health. But self-medication, as well as complete ignorance of the symptoms of the disease, can cause inflammation of the fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, and ovaries. This negatively affects reproductive health, leading to recurrent miscarriage or infertility.

The presence of dangerous complications of colpitis is indicated by:

• disruptions of the menstrual cycle;
• amenorrhea;
• difficulties associated with conceiving a child;
• severe pain in the lower abdomen;
• vaginal bleeding.

Risk group

Women most often susceptible to colpitis:

• suffering from hypothyroidism, diabetes;
• menopausal age;
• are carriers of HIV infection;
• those who have undergone oophorectomy (surgical removal of the ovaries);
• with reduced immunity;
• who have undergone radiation therapy to the pelvic region.

Prevention

There are no vaccines to prevent the development of colpitis. To reduce the risk of infection, you need to:

• see a gynecologist once a year (during a standard examination in a gynecological chair, the doctor can easily identify the first symptoms of the inflammatory process and immediately prescribe effective therapy);
• strictly observe the rules of personal hygiene (wash the external genitalia twice a day with warm water and soap or intimate hygiene product from front to back);
• strengthen the immune system, eat well, take vitamins and minerals;
• do not self-medicate with antibiotics;
• have one regular sexual partner.

At the first symptoms of colpitis, you should immediately make an appointment with a gynecologist. A disease detected at an early stage is much more treatable. If you do not visit a doctor on time, colpitis can become chronic or cause complications (abscess, fistula). Also, if left to chance, the infection can spread to the uterine cavity and lead to infertility.

This article is posted for educational purposes only and does not constitute scientific material or professional medical advice.

Source: https://illness.DocDoc.ru/kolpit