Hemostasiology is a branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of abnormalities in the coagulation and anticoagulation system of the blood. Consultation with a hemostasiologist is required when coagulation disorders are detected - only a specialist can determine the cause of such a pathology and prescribe the correct therapy.
Admission of Doctor of Medical Sciences hemostasiologist, primary 2,600 rub.
Admission of Doctor of Medical Sciences hemostasiologist, repeated 2,600 rubles.
When to see a doctor
Patients will need consultation in the following cases:
- Presence of cardiac pathologies. This may be arterial hypertension, coronary artery disease, thrombosis, or a history of heart attacks. The formation of these conditions often occurs against the background of impaired hemostasis and requires correction with anticoagulants. This therapy requires constant monitoring of the blood condition. Laboratory tests, such as D-dimer, platelet aggregation function, hemostasiogram, etc., will help assess the dynamics of indicators and the effectiveness of anticoagulant therapy.
- Therapeutic pathologies. Patients with obesity, metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, liver disease, or viral infection should consult a hemostasiologist.
- Surgical treatment. Before operations, to identify hidden risks of thromboembolic complications, all patients are advised to meet with a hemostasis doctor. Data on blood parameters help surgeons carry out manipulations without serious thrombohemorrhagic (PE, disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome, bleeding) risks during and after surgery.
- Neurological pathologies. It is worth contacting a specialist after a stroke, atherosclerosis, headaches, or a family history of thrombosis. Hyperhomocysteinemia and hidden hemostasis defects are the main causes of strokes. Laboratory blood testing for hereditary hemostasis defects, homocysteine, D-dimer and hemostasiogram with platelet aggregation is a basic package of tests that is necessary to identify hidden problems and prevent serious vascular complications, the most dangerous of which are heart attack and stroke, pulmonary embolism arteries (PE).
- Pregnant women. World statistics claim that approximately 60% of miscarriage cases occur due to hemostasis pathologies. Every fourth woman who dies during childbirth dies from bleeding. This is why monitoring your blood counts is so important. It allows you to timely diagnose and act on pregnancy complications such as anemia, gestosis, placental abruption, fetal hypoxia and circulatory disorders in the mother-placenta-fetus system. In order to avoid possible complications with a complicated medical history, consultation with a hemostasiologist is necessary at the stage of pregnancy planning.
How is a hemostasis study performed?
Hemostasiology has a wide range of laboratory methods for blood testing. In our clinic, to assess hemostasis, we carry out:
- clinical blood test;
- hemostasiogram;
- D-dimer;
- AT3;
- VA test;
- Sail test or protein C-global;
- analysis for immune factors of thrombophilia (markers of Antiphospholipid syndrome);
- study for genetic mutations and thrombophilia polymorphisms.
This information allows the doctor to determine the cause of the disorder and select the correct, most effective therapy to restore balance.
Hematology more broadly studies pathologies of the blood and hematopoietic system, while hemostasiology deals only with problems of coagulation.
The scope of activity of a hematologist includes the treatment of the following diseases:
- anemia (due to deficiency of B-12, folic acid, iron, large blood loss, as well as thalassemia, aplastic anemia);
- leukopenia (decrease in the number of white blood cells);
- pancytopenia (decreased concentration of blood elements);
- hemoblastoses (malignant pathologies): acute and chronic leukemia, lymphomas;
- lymphogranulomatosis;
- lymphosarcoma;
- thrombocytopenia (decreased platelet count);
- thrombocytosis (increased platelet count);
- hemophilia (hereditary bleeding disorder).
Why our clinic
Many medical centers offer appointments and consultations with hematologists, but specialists in the field of hemostasiology cannot be found everywhere. There are not many experts on this issue, despite the fact that hemostasis disorders are often the cause of pathologies during pregnancy.
At our International Hemostasis Clinic in Moscow, you can make an appointment with an experienced specialist in this field - Doctor of Medical Sciences Baimuradova Seda Mayrabekovna. Our doctor will help you easily endure pregnancy and give birth to a healthy baby.
To make an appointment, fill out the online form on the website or contact us by phone: +7 (495) 632-01-17. We will be waiting for you!
Source: https://gemostaz.ru/uslugi/tsentr_ginekologii/vedenie_beremennosti_u_ginekologa/gemostaziolog_vo_vremya_beremennosti/
Hematologist - when to contact. Hematologist's advice
An integral part of the human body is liquid moving tissue - blood, which performs many functions: transporting oxygen and nutrients to the internal organs, regulating body temperature and connecting different parts of the body.
The composition of blood is quite complex and the amount of all elements must be within acceptable limits for the human body to function normally and for the internal organs to properly perform their functions.
If deviations are observed, this indicates the occurrence of pathological processes and requires immediate consultation and assistance from a specialist.
Profession doctor hematologist
A hematologist is a highly specialized specialist whose qualifications extend to the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of diseases of the blood and hematopoietic system. Sometimes consulting a doctor is necessary for other diseases to prevent possible complications.
Diseases that a hematologist specializes in
The competence of a hematologist includes diseases of the blood, blood-forming organs, spleen, as well as pathological changes in bone tissue. The doctor's specialization covers the following diseases:
- Anemia (anemia) - can be congenital or hereditary and is characterized by a low content of red blood cells.
- Coagulopathy is a disease in which there is a disorder of blood clotting.
- Myelodysplasia.
- Leukemia.
- Myeloma.
- Lymphomas.
- Hemophilia (blood clotting disorder, the disease is inherited).
- Changes in the quality and quantity of blood in the body, changes in its biochemical composition.
- Thrombophlebitis (formation of blood clots in blood vessels).
- Purpura.
- Thrombocytopenia is a significant decrease in the number of platelets in the blood, which makes it difficult to stop bleeding.
- Hemoglobinuria is the presence of hemoglobin cells in the urine.
- Lymphocytic leukemia (malignant neoplasms in the blood).
- Leukemia.
In what cases should you contact a hematologist?
The diseases that a hematologist specializes in do not have any particular symptoms and are often perceived by other doctors as other diseases.
To make an accurate diagnosis, it is necessary to consult a highly specialized specialist who, based on symptoms and test results, will be able to identify blood diseases and differentiate them from others.
Consultation with a hematologist is necessary if the following signs are detected:
- The appearance of bruises on the skin due to any injury or slight pressure.
- Frequent nosebleeds that do not go away for a long time.
- Prolonged bleeding with small cuts and minor injuries.
- Increased body temperature, chills, fever in the absence of symptoms of a cold or other infectious disease.
- Painful sensations in the area of the lymph nodes, their enlargement.
- Severe itching, no rash or skin irritation that could cause it.
- Lack of appetite, fatigue.
- Pain in bones, joints.
Diagnostic methods used by a hematologist
An appointment with a hematologist begins with an examination of the patient, a thorough questioning about the symptoms and pathological processes that occur in the body. A specialist cannot accurately determine the type of disease without a blood test and other laboratory tests and diagnostic procedures. To make a diagnosis, a hematologist may prescribe the following examinations:
- Taking a general blood test to determine the level of leukocytes, platelets, hemoglobin.
- Blood chemistry.
- Bone marrow examination.
- Differential diagnosis of blood pathologies.
- Ultrasound examination of internal organs and lymph nodes.
- Coagulogram (analysis of blood clotting rate).
- Computed tomography of the brain and internal organs.
Hematologist's advice
It is extremely difficult to prevent the development of diseases, since sometimes it is impossible to establish the exact causes of their development.
A hematologist advises periodically taking a blood test to monitor the level of leukocytes, red blood cells and hemoglobin; People with a high risk of developing a hereditary blood disease should regularly visit the doctor's office and undergo the necessary examinations.
Lifestyle plays a big role in maintaining health, so you should give up bad habits, which often provoke the development of blood clots, you should walk in the fresh air more often and do simple physical exercises.
Source: https://24doctor.info/speciality/gematolog/
Consultation with a hematologist :: description, recording
Title: Consultation with a hematologist.
Consultation with a hematologist Hematologist. The doctor is engaged in the diagnosis and treatment of various blood diseases, including malignant neoplasms of the hematopoietic and lymphatic systems. The hematologist evaluates and interprets the results of histological examinations of lymph nodes and bone marrow, immunohistochemical tests and immunophenotyping of blood cells. The hematologist is also proficient in the technique of performing sternal puncture (sternum puncture) and core biopsy (iliac sting) to obtain bone marrow samples. A hematologist may have an additional oncologist (hematophonologist), transfusiologist, or immunologist. An on-site examination by a hematologist is necessary for the initial diagnosis in cases of suspected blood disease - in these cases, the patient usually consults a hematologist as directed by a local doctor or is already monitoring the effectiveness of treatment for the pathology. Diagnosis. Predisposition to some hematological diseases can be inherited. Firstly, this applies to oncohematological diseases (leukemia, lymphoma) and genetic diseases (hereditary thrombophilia, hemophilia, sickle cell anemia and sickle cell anemia). Therefore, it is advisable for people who have close relatives with any of these diseases to be examined by a hematologist. The reasons for contacting a hematologist may be the following: • Symptoms and complaints. Signs of impaired blood supply may include prolonged unexplained fevers, spontaneous bruising without previous trauma, dizziness, fainting, heavy nosebleeds and uterine bleeding. The hematologist also has a reason to visit a history of venous or arterial thrombosis and frequently recurring infections (pneumonia, pyelonephritis, candidiasis) with a severe course. • Changes in analyses. Laboratory changes requiring consultation with a hematologist. There are persistent deviations in the values of the main indicators in the general blood test (red blood cells, hemoglobin, platelets, etc.), both upward and downward, an increase in gamma globulins in the blood, the presence of hemoglobin or urobilin in the urine, Regarding malignant cancer , then it is worth warning about the presence of immature forms of leukocytes in the blood or basophilic-eosinophilic association (simultaneous increase in eosinophils and basophils). • Pathological changes in organs. The patient may be referred to a hematologist if an enlarged spleen (splenomegaly), lymph nodes (lymphadenopathy), or areas of bone destruction are detected during physical or instrumental examination (ultrasound, radiography, computed tomography). The range of diseases that a hematologist deals with includes a fairly large number of nosological entities. This spectrum includes benign pathologies (eg, anemia) and severe coagulation disorders, as well as myeloproliferative and lymphoproliferative diseases that require massive chemotherapy. Diseases within the competence of a hematologist: • anemia. These include iron deficiency, megaloblastic (due to a lack of vitamin B12 or folic acid) and aplasia (if the hematopoietic function of the bone marrow is impaired) anemia. This group also includes hemolytic anemia caused by immune mechanisms or disruption of the structure of red blood cell membranes (sickle cell anemia, spherocytic anemia, thalassemia). • hemorrhagic diathesis. This category includes diseases associated with bleeding due to low activity of blood coagulation factors (hemophilia, von Willebrand disease), platelet pathology (thrombocytopenia, thrombocytopathy) or damage to the walls of blood vessels (hemorrhagic vasculitis Schönlein-Genoa, hemorrhagic organ hemorrhagic and hemorrhagic and hemorrhagic and hemorrhagic and hemorrhagic forms. Thrombophilias. These are conditions accompanied by a tendency to the formation of arterial or venous thrombosis - primary and secondary antiphospholipid syndrome, thrombotic microangiopathies (thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, hemolytic uremic syndrome). Insufficient physiological anticoagulants (protein C and S, antithrombin III) can also lead to thrombosis. • hematoblastosis. More serious blood diseases. These include hematopoietic tumors affecting the bone marrow (acute and chronic leukemia, polycythemia vera). Hematoblastosis is also associated with extracerebral tumors of the brain (non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, lymphogranulomatosis, multiple myeloma) . • Metabolic disorders. This group consists of genetic disorders that are based on increased formation or decreased use of various metabolic products (lipids, proteins, porphyrins) that have a damaging effect on organs and systems - porphyria, hemochromatosis, amyloidosis. Very rare (orphan) storage diseases are Gaucher disease, Fabry disease and Niemann-Pick disease. Before visiting a hematologist, the patient must undergo a clinical and biochemical blood test, coagulogram, urinalysis, electrocardiogram, chest x-ray, and BOP ultrasound. To consult with a hematologist, it is advisable to take with you an outpatient card with the results of previous laboratory and instrumental studies, and the findings of other specialists. If the patient has undergone hospital treatment for any illness, it is advisable to take the discharge report with you. All this data can help make a diagnosis. In the case of independent primary treatment by a hematologist and no test results are available, the patient must come for a consultation on an empty stomach if tests are performed on the day of the visit. Before your appointment, you should take a shower and put on clean clothes. The duration of an appointment with a hematologist is on average 30 to 40 minutes. The algorithm for examining the patient is as follows: conducting an examination, a general examination, studying the results of previous studies, prescribing additional diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Research and physical examination of the patient include: • Collection of complaints. The hematologist asks about the presence of characteristic symptoms of anemic syndrome - dizziness, tendency to faint, intermittent flies in the eyes. Finds out whether the patient is bothered by bone pain, pain or a feeling of heaviness in the left hypochondrium, if there is bleeding in the gums, or nosebleeds. Women experience blood loss during menstruation. Symptoms such as prolonged fever, night sweats, and weight loss indicate hematologic pathology. • Taking anamnesis. The doctor asks how long the patient has been worried about his symptoms, what specialists he has seen, and what treatment he has received. It is also necessary to know whether the patient has undergone any surgery, what comorbidities he has, or whether any of his close relatives suffer from a hematological disease. • general inspection. Examine the skin for lesions, petechiae (small punctured hemorrhages) or bruises, assessing the color of the skin and mucous membranes (in the case of hematological diseases, the color may be pale, jaundiced, or pure blood). When examining the oral cavity, you can detect gum hypertrophy, signs of stomatitis, ulcerative-necrotic changes in the tongue or tonsils. During palpation, the lymph nodes are examined, their size, shape and sensitivity are determined. The liver and spleen are then palpated. Based on patient complaints, medical history and medical examination data, the hematologist makes a preliminary diagnosis. For further diagnostic research (confirmation or exclusion of a preliminary diagnosis), further examination is provided:
• Blood and urine tests. The level of hemoglobin, red blood cells, and color index are determined. Concentrations of fetal hemoglobin (HbF), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and osmotic resistance of red blood cells are assessed.
The levels of ferritin, transferrin and free iron in the blood are checked. The function of various enzymes and the presence of B2-microglobulin in the blood were studied. Urobilin, hemoglobin and porphyrin are measured in urine.
If multiple myeloma is suspected, urine should be tested for Bence-Johnson protein electrophoresis and serum protein.
• Evaluation of coagulation and anticoagulation systems. Thromboelastography and thrombodynamics are intended for this purpose. For the same purpose, coagulogram parameters, platelet counts and D-dimer are determined. To diagnose hemophilia, coagulation factors are assessed and platelet aggregation is performed with epinephrine and ADP. To confirm thrombotic microangiopathy, an ADAMTS - 13 analysis is required. • Immunological and genetic tests. Immunophenotyping and immunohistochemical examination of blood cells to detect specific tumor antigens (CD markers). Cytogenetic testing is designed to look for chromosomal abnormalities. Genetic studies of mutations also reveal hereditary thrombophilia. • Histological examination. To diagnose many hematological diseases (in particular, emoblastosis), it is necessary to study the histological background of the bone marrow and lymph nodes. Bone marrow samples are obtained by core biopsy or sternal puncture. Amyloidosis is diagnosed by taking a biopsy of the gingival mucosa, rectum, or subcutaneous fat, followed by histological staining for amyloid. Having received the research results, the hematologist makes a final clinical diagnosis and prescribes treatment. Plasmapheresis, transfusion of blood or its individual components (plasma, red blood cells, clotting factor concentrates) are used as non-pharmacological therapy. For some diseases, regular bleeding is effective. The drugs used in hematology were anticoagulants, glucocorticosteroids and enzyme preparations. Various combinations of different chemotherapeutic agents are used to treat emoblastosis. Surgical treatment includes splenectomy (removal of the spleen) and bone marrow transplantation. Expand detailed description...
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Source: https://kiberis.ru/?p=88728
Oncologist hematologist what treats
The main factors contributing to the development of circulatory diseases are:
- diseases affecting the bone marrow;
- traumatic injuries;
- disturbances of intestinal activity;
- heredity;
- gestational and lactation periods;
- bleeding;
- surgical interventions;
- lack of iron and vitamins in the body, etc.
- bleeding;
- deficiency of iron, folic acid or vitamin B12;
- bone marrow diseases;
- intestinal pathologies;
- hereditary diseases;
- injuries;
- surgical intervention;
- During pregnancy and breastfeeding.
General hematology
- anemia (including in pregnant women) - a condition in which the level of hemoglobin and red blood cells is reduced;
- hemophilia is a hereditary disease characterized by poor clotting; bleeding begins even from a small cut;
- coagulopathy;
- increased bleeding;
- idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.
Oncohematology
- lymphomas;
- lymphocytic leukemia;
- myeloid leukemia;
- multiple myeloma;
- Waldenström's macroglobulinemia.
What diseases does it treat?
A hematologist is a doctor who identifies blood pathologies and treats them. In addition, the responsibilities of a doctor in this specialty include determining the etiology of the disease and selecting the most effective methods for their rapid detection, elimination and prevention. The percentage of prevalence of blood pathologies among the total mass of diseases is 8%. These are diseases such as:
- Lymphomas;
- Anemia;
- Lymphocytic leukemia;
- Myeloid leukemia;
- Multiple myeloma;
- Autoimmune thrombocytopenia;
- Waldenström's macroglobulinemia.
Anemia is a human blood disease when the amount of hemoglobin and red blood cells sharply decreases. Quite often it is diagnosed by taking a blood test, as it entails a characteristic change in indicators.
There are quite a few different types of anemia. Each individual species differs not only in the mechanism of their development, but also in their origin, and, accordingly, in the treatment process. The disease often occurs on its own, but can also appear due to other unfavorable processes in the human body. Significant blood loss can cause anemia.
Hemoblastosis is considered one of the diseases for which you should immediately contact a hematologist. This is the general name for all tumors that can form in human blood. No other doctor deals with such pathologies. The cause of such formations is the negative impact on the patient’s DNA of any dangerous internal or external factors.
Porphyrias are also diseases treated by a hematologist. They are caused by a violation of porphyrin metabolism. These chemical compounds are considered integral to the formation of certain enzymes, hemoglobin and myoglobin. Typically, such diseases are inherited. When the disease is detected, an increased level of porphyrins in the blood is usually observed.
An important area of activity for a hematologist is the healing of unfavorable processes in the blood creation system. Functional disorders can be seen in three subclasses - vascular-platelet, plasma-coagulation and fibrinolytic. If any one element is damaged, this leads to the formation of pathology in the entire system.
Dispersion of hematopoiesis is a number of diseases that have a negative impact on the process of blood creation in the human body. The main effect of the disease is considered to be a decrease in the number of cells in the blood. The first source of the disease is the bone marrow sprout. A certain variance is formed based on which of them was negatively impacted.
Another variant of a special condition of the human body that a hematologist deals with is methemoglobinemia. During the course of this disease, the amount of methemoglobin in the blood exceeds the normal value of 1%. This is a special type of hemoglobin, which belongs to the category of oxides. In this case, iron acquires a trivalent state.
The cause of the disease is explained by the connection of methemoglobin with oxygen, blocking its path to the cells of the body. Many patients develop hypoxia in their tissues.
The main symptom of this phenomenon is the appearance of bluish skin and mucous membranes. The disease is often accompanied by headaches or dizziness, tachycardia.
If the methemoglobin level reaches 70% or more, the person dies.
Oncohematology
A hematologist is competent to treat several diseases. These include:
- Anemia (iron deficiency, hemolytic, posthemorrhagic, folate deficiency, B-12 deficiency, aplastic).
- Myeloid leukemia. A type of leukemia associated with uncontrolled growth and reproduction of blood germ cells.
- Autoimmune thrombocytopenia. With this disease, antibodies are formed to one's own platelets.
- Waldeström's macroglobulinemia. Formation of a bone marrow tumor from plasmacytic and lymphocytic cells.
- Lymphoma. Oncological disease of lymphatic tissue with unlimited division of tumor lymphocytes.
- Multiple myeloma (myeloma disease). With this disease, tumor cells begin to synthesize abnormal immunoglobulins of the same type, destroying bone tissue.
- Lymphocytic leukemia. This is a malignant disease characterized by the proliferation of atypical B lymphocytes through cloning.
Main areas of activity
A hematologist has three directions:
- general, dealing with blood diseases associated with changes in the concentration of blood cells - anemia, leukopenia;
- oncohematologist - a doctor involved in the diagnosis, therapy and prevention of blood cancers - leukemia, myeloma, lymphocytic leukemia;
- theoretical hematologist - studies genetic pathologies of the circulatory system, processes that affect the composition and structure of blood at the molecular level.
Hematologist's office: reception features
Almost like any other doctor, a hematologist begins seeing a patient with an examination and medical history. When the range of problems is outlined, the doctor will send the patient to undergo specific diagnostic techniques, and will also give recommendations regarding the necessary tests. Once the results are received, the hematologist will draw up the optimal treatment regimen.
A specialist in blood and bone marrow diseases most often sends his patients for the following tests:
- Ultrasound examination of the abdominal organs and lymph nodes;
- Biopsy and subsequent histological examination of lymph nodes;
- Blood examination using X-ray (specifics determined by the doctor);
- Performing a coagulogram (studying indicators of the blood clotting system);
- CT scan of internal organs and bone scintigraphy;
- Sternal puncture including examination of the morphological structure of the bone marrow.
There is no need to fear that after visiting a hematologist, the patient will necessarily be hospitalized. Up to 80% of all patients are treated in an outpatient setting, however, in order for therapy to be truly effective, it is necessary to make the most accurate diagnosis possible.
When to contact
- anemia - a decrease in the amount of hemoglobin in the bloodstream - a substance primarily responsible for transporting oxygen and nutrients throughout the body, necessary for the normal functioning of all internal organs and life support systems;
- hemophilia is a genetic disease characterized by slow blood clotting. This pathology poses a danger to human life, since a small cut or bruise from a blow with the further development of a subcutaneous hematoma can result in profuse external or internal bleeding, which is extremely difficult to stop;
- Wergolf's disease is a blood pathology in which the number of platelets is significantly reduced. Manifests itself in the form of increased bleeding.
- multiple myeloma – oncology of the circulatory system;
- myeloid leukemia is a genetic blood pathology of a malignant nature;
- lymphocytic leukemia – malignant blood oncology;
- lymphoma is a pathological condition of lymphatic tissue.
The specialist provides consultations to patients with concomitant diseases that occur in a chronic stage and negatively affect the state of the circulatory system, provoking changes in the concentration of blood cells.
In most cases, the patient is referred for examination to a hematologist by other doctors who have been unable to determine the exact reasons for the deterioration of the patient’s condition in their field. It is recommended to come for a consultation with this specialist if you notice the following clinical signs:
- sudden causeless attacks of extreme fatigue;
- constantly elevated body temperature values;
- excessive pallor and bluishness of the skin;
- frequent attacks of pain in the abdominal cavity, the causes of which could not be determined after diagnosis by other specialists;
- an increase in the volume of lymph nodes;
- bleeding that does not stop for a long time in case of traumatic skin injuries;
- excessively heavy periods with an irregular cycle;
- sudden bleeding from the sinuses.
The patient will be referred for examination by a hematologist if, during tests to diagnose other disorders, pathological changes and deviations from normal values were detected in the blood.
The hematologist conducts an external examination of the patient, palpating the condition of the lymph nodes to determine their diameter and the presence of pain in the patient when pressing on them. A thorough history is taken.
The patient must answer a number of questions from the doctor - whether there have been cases of blood disease in the family, whether there are chronic diseases.
It is necessary to tell the doctor in detail how long ago the alarming symptoms appeared, whether there is a connection between the deterioration of the condition and the presence of factors such as a change in work activity, a change in diet, the emergence of bad habits and contact with harmful substances.
When you come for a consultation with a hematologist, you must take a detailed blood test and provide the doctor with laboratory results.
Most often, patients are referred to this doctor by general practitioners based on changes in blood tests. Most patients do not even suspect the existence of such a specialist.
However, you should be aware of a number of signs that may indicate blood diseases. Disruption of hematopoietic processes is often accompanied by the following symptoms:
- weakness and apathy;
- dizziness;
- sleep disorders;
- weight loss;
- profuse sweating;
- elevated body temperature (without signs of infection);
- redness of the facial skin;
- low hemoglobin;
- thrombocytopenia;
- prolonged bleeding from cuts and scratches;
- numbness of fingertips;
- loss of appetite;
- pale skin;
- dry and itchy skin;
- causeless bruising;
- enlarged spleen;
- the appearance of tumors in the neck, groin or armpits.
First of all, at an appointment with a hematologist, the patient is examined and a detailed medical history is collected. After this, laboratory and instrumental tests appropriate to the specific case are prescribed. Among them:
- general blood test (with determination of leukocyte formula, platelets, reticulocytes);
- analysis for ferritin and iron-binding capacity;
- ultrasound examination of the abdominal organs, lymph node area;
- coagulogram (to determine the indicators of the blood coagulation system);
- biopsy of lymph nodes and subsequent histology of the contents;
- sternal puncture and morphological examination of the bone marrow;
- CT scan;
- immunophenotyping;
- scintigraphy (to identify pathological processes in bones);
- genetic research.
After the diagnosis has been completed, a decision is made on the need for inpatient treatment. It is required in approximately 20% of cases. In other cases, outpatient observation will be sufficient.
The main activity of a doctor of such a profile as hematology is the diagnosis and, if necessary, treatment of diseases and/or blood pathologies. Among the most common health problems that a doctor can help you get rid of are:
- Various anemias. The process when there is not enough red blood cells and hemoglobin in a person’s blood.
- Malignant tumors in the blood supply system.
- Pathologies of the coagulation process.
- Various disturbances in blood production processes.
- Diseases that arise due to improper metabolism of the body, called porphyria.
In addition to diagnosing and prescribing treatment, a hematologist is involved in the rehabilitation of patients with hematological diseases. One of the areas of activity is prevention.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=channelUCiFGc3Wa7BDV1FJgxQpqKeQ
In order to identify diseases of the human blood system, it is necessary to conduct laboratory tests. The reason for contacting a doctor for testing is the presence of symptoms. The sooner a person himself identifies unfavorable changes and seeks help, the greater the chance of recovery without any changes.
The main reason for the delayed reaction of patients to blood diseases is the symptoms, which are similar to many other ailments:
- Nausea accompanied by vomiting.
- Headache, sometimes developing into dizziness.
- General weakness of the body.
- Rapid onset of fatigue during vigorous activity, resulting in shortness of breath.
However, there is a second group of symptoms that can cause diseases of the hematopoietic system. One of them is pale skin.
Most often occurs with significant blood loss, accelerated death of red blood cells, or impaired hemoglobin formation.
Pale skin is also observed in patients who do not receive oxygen to the body tissues in the required quantity.
Quite often, the above symptoms are accompanied by a skin rash. It can result from diseases such as porphyria or platelet dysfunction. In some cases, the cause is damage to the walls of blood vessels or rupture of capillaries. When cyanosis appears, a rash often forms.
Patients with hematological diseases often experience bleeding, which is difficult to stop. Often the cause of this phenomenon is considered to be blood transfusion through the walls of blood vessels due to any defects. When platelets are damaged and their number decreases, blood loss is also observed. Prolonged bleeding indicates a disruption of the coagulation process.
Sometimes itching occurs, which is caused by an excessive accumulation of leukocytes or porphyrins in the upper part of the skin.
Enlarged lymph nodes are considered to be a consequence of the negative impact of blood diseases. The reason for this phenomenon may be the formation of tumors in them.
A natural process of destruction of blood cells occurs in the human spleen. If there are any negative changes, then this internal organ increases significantly in size. Similar processes can occur in the liver.
Fever, as well as frequently occurring infectious diseases, are a sign of negative processes in the human blood. After all, dysfunction of cells in the body has a negative impact on the immune system. And fever occurs due to the inability of leukocytes to perform their functions.
Most cancers, including those associated with hematology, cause sudden weight loss.
Pediatric hematology
Diseases of the circulatory system occur not only in adults, but also in young children. Their occurrence is influenced by hereditary factors, abnormal intrauterine development, various infections, and violation of the rules of artificial feeding.
Source: https://moeserdce.net.ru/onkolog-gematolog-lechit/
Frequently asked questions - Federal State Budgetary Institution "National Medical Research Center for Hematology" of the Ministry of Health of Russia
To obtain a consultation with a hematologist under compulsory medical insurance, you must have a complete package of documents with you.
You can view the list of required documents by following the link.
Reception is strictly by appointment. Registration is carried out on Thursdays every 2 weeks for the next 14 calendar days from 10:00.
Registration for consultation of patients with hemophilia, von Willebrand disease, thrombocytopathy, thrombophilia, and other hemostasis disorders is carried out on Fridays every 2 weeks for the next 14 calendar days from 12:00.
2. How can I get an appointment with a hematologist on a paid basis?
To get a consultation with a hematologist on a paid basis, you must have your passport and, if possible, the results of studies, extracts from charts, etc.
Reception is strictly by appointment. Registration is carried out on Thursdays every 2 weeks for the next 14 calendar days from 10:00.
Registration for consultation of patients with hemophilia, von Willebrand disease, thrombocytopathy, thrombophilia, and other hemostasis disorders is carried out on Fridays every 2 weeks for the next 14 calendar days from 12:00.
Detailed information about making an appointment and price can be found at this link.
3. How can I make an appointment with a hematologist?
Appointments with hematologists are made on Thursdays every 2 weeks for the next 14 calendar days from 10:00. You can sign up
- by phone: +7 (800) 775-05-82 (calls from Russian regions are free), +7 (495) 612-44-72 (Mon-Thu from 8:00 to 16:45, Fri from 8:00 to 15:45), +7 (495) 612-45-51 (Mon-Fri from 8:00 to 20:00);
- or on the portal for remote appointment with a doctor by following the link.
Registration for consultation of patients with hemophilia, von Willebrand disease, thrombocytopathy, thrombophilia, and other hemostasis disorders is carried out on Fridays every 2 weeks for the next 14 calendar days from 12:00 only by calling the above telephone numbers.
4. I have a bleeding disorder. How can I make an appointment with a specialist?
- Appointments for patients with blood coagulation disorders (hemophilia, von Willebrand disease, thrombocytopathy, thrombophilia, other hemostasis disorders) are made on Fridays every 2 weeks for the next 14 calendar days from 12:00 by phone:
- +7 (800) 775-05-82 (free call from Russian regions); +7 (495) 612-44-72 (Mon-Thurs from 8:00 to 16:45, Fri from 8:00 to 15:45 );
- +7 (495) 612-45-51 (Mon-Fri from 8:00 to 20:00).
- You can find detailed information about how to get help for patients with bleeding disorders by following the link.
5. How can I sign up for testing?
Tests are taken without an appointment.
Taking blood from a vein: Mon-Fri from 8:00 to 11:30. Every last Wednesday of the month: from 8:00 to 10:45.
- Taking blood from a finger (clinical blood test): Mon-Fri from 9:00 to 10:00.
- Reception of biomaterial (cytology, coagulology): Mon-Thu from 9:00 to 15:00, Fri from 9:00 to 14:00.
- Reception of biomaterial (immunochemistry): Mon-Thu from 9:00 to 14:00.
- For specific questions, please contact the help desk:
- +7 (495) 612-44-72 (Mon-Thu from 8:00 to 16:45; Fri from 8:00 to 15:45), +7 (495) 612-45-51 (Mon-Fri from 8 :00 to 20:00).
6. How to be admitted to hospital?
Hospitalization to our Center is carried out only by decision of the Center’s medical commission. The doctor from the outpatient department of our Center refers you to a medical commission. Therefore, the patient must initially consult a hematologist. How to make an appointment with a doctor and what documents you need to submit can be found here.
The list of necessary documents for hospitalization can be found at this link.
7. How is access to the territory of the Center carried out?
Passports to the territory of the Center for patients and other visitors are made using passports or other identity cards on one of the following grounds:
- referral for a consultation or examination prescribed by a doctor at the National Medical Research Center for Hematology;
- a referral for laboratory tests prescribed by a doctor from another medical institution;
- an application submitted in advance to the head or responsible person of the unit where the patient is being sent;
- make an appointment with a doctor by phone or on the portal for remote appointment with a doctor.
No more than two accompanying persons are allowed with the patient. In some cases, the support of seriously ill patients is agreed upon with the heads of departments.
An application for an accompanying person’s pass must also be submitted in advance to the relevant departments.
8. Can I bring glass/blocks for revision?
Reception of material in formaldehyde and advisory material from other medical institutions for histological and IHC studies is carried out on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays from 9:30 to 13:00.
You must have with you:
- paraffin blocks,
- histological preparations,
- discharge summary.
Answers are issued from Monday to Friday from 9:30 to 15:30.
You can find out about the readiness of the results from Monday to Friday from 9:30 to 15:30 by calling +7 (495) 612-61-12.
Reception and issuance of material and answers is carried out at the registry of the pathology department (cryobuilding of the National Medical Research Center of Hematology, 4th floor).
9. What are the rules for visiting inpatients by their relatives?
Visitors are allowed to visit hospital patients only with the consent of the patients. Patients inform the heads of departments (responsible persons) in advance the names of their visitors, after which the heads of departments submit an application for a pass.
Based on applications and passports or other identification documents, visitors are issued passes to the territory of the Center.
Visiting hours for patients: from 17:00 to 19:45, on weekends and holidays: from 11:00 to 13:00 and from 16:00 to 19:45.
In some cases, by order of the head of the department (responsible person), visits with relatives are allowed at other hours. Patients will be notified of cancellations of visits due to quarantine or other reasons.
The individual regime for visiting seriously ill patients is agreed upon with the heads of departments.
At the same time, no more than 3 visitors are allowed to visit one patient during the allotted visiting time. No more than one visitor is allowed in a patient’s room at a time.
10. Is there a hotel on the territory of the Center?
Unfortunately no. Your place of residence during the examination must be planned in advance.
11. I want to return a tax deduction (partial refund after paid analyzes). What documents do I need?
Documents that you can obtain from our Center for submission to the tax service:
- contract (in the department of paid medical services);
- check (in the department of paid medical services);
- license (at the main ticket office);
- tax certificate (at the main cash desk, issued upon presentation of a receipt for a paid medical service).
12. How to sign up for an instrumental (radiation) diagnostic study (ultrasound, CT, MRI, ECG, endoscopy, X-ray, etc.)?
- You can make an appointment for an ultrasound in the department by calling +7 (495) 613-26-87 (Mon-Fri: from 8:00 to 20:00).
- An X-ray appointment can be made at the department by calling +7 (495) 613-33-91 (Mon-Fri: from 8:00 to 17:00).
- Registration for CT scans is made at the department by calling +7 (495) 612-09-09 (Mon-Fri: from 8:00 to 17:00).
- An MRI appointment can be made at the department by calling +7 (495) 613-26-87 (Mon-Fri: from 8:00 to 20:00).
- Registration for endoscopy is made in the department by calling +7 (495) 612-60-71 (Mon-Fri: from 8:00 to 15:00).
13. I have difficulty moving. Do you have elevators?
The premises of the Center have created conditions for patients with limited mobility and disabled people with limitations in their ability to live:
- entrance groups are equipped with ramps;
- there are designated parking areas for vehicles for disabled people on the territory;
Source: https://www.blood.ru/clinic/patsientu/chasto-zadavaemye-voprosy.html
Prima Medica Medical Center
Haima translated from Greek means blood (in Russian hemo-). Blood is a unique liquid that nourishes the human body with life. It delivers nutrients to each cell and removes waste, such as carbon dioxide. She knows how to curl up, preventing the wound from causing great damage to health.
And it is from a blood test that the doctor draws conclusions about the state of health. A hematologist deals with diseases of the blood and hematopoietic system. Its competence includes the identification, treatment of such diseases and their prevention. As statistics show, blood diseases account for approximately 10% of all diseases, so the best hematologists in Moscow are always in demand.
You can find such a qualified specialist with us!
Hematologist Practice
Among the diseases that require observation by a hematologist, anemia is quite common - a group of disorders in the blood system that manifest themselves as a decrease in hemoglobin and/or red blood cells.
Bleeding disorders are caused by various forms of coagulopathies, such as hemophilia, von Willebrand's disease, as well as thrombophilia, which greatly increases the risk of blood clots.
A deviation from the norm of any blood component can serve as an alarming signal, so laboratory diagnostics (primarily a blood test) is the starting point for a hematologist when making a diagnosis. But even before this, during a classic clinical examination, an experienced doctor can determine the nature of the pathology by external signs - the condition of the skin, mucous membranes, nails, lymph nodes.
You should also contact a hematologist for the following diseases:
- hemolytic anemia, in which rapid destruction of red blood cells occurs in the bone marrow (leads to developmental delays in children, and adults are at risk of developing anemia of the extremities);
- hemophilia (an inherited disease that causes poor blood clotting and causes internal bleeding);
- thrombophilia (blood clotting disorder leading to the development of thrombosis, the danger of which is numbness of the limbs due to the lack of blood flow);
- purpura (internal small-spotted hemorrhages);
- thrombocytopenia (a sharp decrease in platelets in the blood, leading to problems stopping bleeding);
- agranulocytosis (a sharp decrease in neutrophils in the blood, leading to a person’s excessive susceptibility to infectious diseases);
- anaplasmosis (a fairly common blood disease transmitted by ticks).
When is a hematologist consultation needed?
Consultation with a hematologist is necessary if you notice one or more of the following signs:
- heavy and frequent nosebleeds;
- bleeding does not stop for a long time after tooth extraction, with minor abrasions and cuts;
- bruises form at the slightest injury;
- bruise-like rashes appear on the skin;
- unexplained weakness, attacks of palpitations and suffocation;
- fever (if infectious causes are excluded);
- skin itching (without rash, in the absence of skin diseases).
You can get a referral from your doctor to see a hematologist if you find:
- changes in hemoglobin levels;
- changes in the relative amount of blood elements, such as leukocytes, erythrocytes, etc.;
- increasing ESR;
- enlarged liver, spleen (with the exception of hepatitis);
- enlarged lymph nodes, which persists for a long time;
If you or your close relatives have had deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism and similar diseases, this is also a reason to visit a hematologist. Let us note that blood diseases are very dangerous and should not be joked with, so do not delay your visit to a hematologist in order to avoid serious disturbances in the functioning of the entire body.
How is an appointment with a hematologist in Moscow?
An appointment with a hematologist in Moscow for an adult begins with an initial examination of the patient and collection of data about all his complaints.
Based on the information received and visual examination, the hematologist decides on the need to undergo additional tests: instrumental or laboratory.
After analyzing the examination results, the specialist makes a diagnosis and draws up a schedule for treatment procedures, writing prescriptions for medications.
An appointment with a hematologist for a child is somewhat different.
For example, if symptoms indicating blood diseases are detected or suspected, during the initial examination the doctor takes all the necessary tests to make a diagnosis.
Then monitoring the progress of the disease and treatment is carried out daily. Also, at each visit, laboratory examinations are carried out again to prevent pathology of the child’s hematopoietic organs.
Before going for a consultation with a hematologist and, if necessary, not postponing the examination until later, it is recommended:
- do not eat before your appointment, at least not have breakfast;
- When planning a visit to a hematologist, do not drink any alcohol and do not smoke for at least a couple of days;
- If possible, reduce your medication intake, and if you are undergoing a treatment course that cannot be interrupted, be sure to inform your doctor about it.
Research methods in hematology
At the Prima Medica clinic, hematological examination is carried out as thoroughly as possible, using clinical, instrumental and biochemical methods, including:
- extended general blood test;
- iron metabolism analysis;
- identification of pathological forms of hemoglobins;
- identification of disturbances in the structure of the erythrocyte membrane;
- serum protein electrophoresis;
- cytological and histological examination of the bone marrow – myelogram and bone marrow trepanobiopsy;
Depending on the recommendations of the hematologist, ultrasound, MRI, radiography, scintigraphy, genetic tests, skin or lymph node biopsy may be performed.
The considerable experience of the hematologist at the Prima Medica clinic allows the doctor to achieve significant progress in each specific case. You can make an appointment with a specialist on the website or by phone +7 (495) 120 01 07
Source: https://www.primamedica.ru/poliklinika/gematolog/
Consultation with a hematologist
Whom we consult Adult patients on issues of general hematology and oncohematology. We do not accept children yet.
Diseases we diagnose and treat
- anemia (anemia)
- coagulopathy (blood clotting disorder)
- leukemia (the only exception is that we do not work with acute leukemia, since in these cases hospital treatment is required)
- myelodysplasia
- myeloma
- thrombophilia
- antiphospholipid syndrome (APS)
- lymphomas
- lymphocytic leukemia
- lymphogranulomatosis
- various quantitative and qualitative changes in blood composition
We will help if you or your relative
- suspicious symptoms appeared: frequent bruises, heavy bleeding from small cuts, pale skin, painful lymph nodes, weakness;
- there are blood test results that require professional interpretation and further recommendations;
- there is no confidence in the accuracy of the diagnosis made elsewhere;
- there is a diagnosis and you want to start treatment or get a second opinion on an already prescribed course.
Our rules Our hematologists make all appointments according to international protocols and in accordance with the principles of evidence-based medicine.
Consultation options
You can come to the appointment without the patient, just be sure to take all the documents with you or send them to us in advance by email. Before your visit
- Please do not do additional research specifically before consulting with our hematologists, this will save your time and money. At the appointment, the doctor will tell you what specific examination you may need and where to perform it so that the result is reliable. If you are far away, you can first seek a remote consultation to understand what examinations to do before an in-person appointment.
- Take all medical documents with you (extracts, conclusions, images on disks) or send them to [email protected] so that doctors can study them in advance.
- For instructions on preparing documents, see here.
- _______________________________
- Please note: In complex cases, when a consultation requires more than an hour, an additional hour with hematologist-hemostasiologist Ilya Isaakovich Serebrisky costs 2,000 rubles.
Source: https://hemonc.ru/services/consultation/hematology/konsulytatsiia-gematologa/
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