Consultation with a speech therapist for speech disorders in children and adults

A speech therapist works not only with children, but also with adults. They try to correct speech defects in the preschool or school age period, but sometimes they persist at an older age. There are speech disorders that are characteristic only of adults. In such cases, seek help from a speech therapist.

Some people believe that speech deficiencies cannot be corrected at a later age. But with correct correction work, a specialist can correct them.

But techniques selected taking into account individual characteristics and a qualified specialist will help correct speech.

Types of disorders and their etiology

Not all types of speech defects occur in the older age category. Most often this is the incorrect pronunciation of a certain group of sounds. Usually, adults turn to a speech therapist with a request to correct burrs or incorrect pronunciation of the sound R. Less often, with violations of the pronunciation of whistling and hissing sounds.

This defect may be a manifestation of an erased form of dysarthria, which was not paid attention to in childhood, or it may be the result of incorrect correctional work.

Another group of speech disorders for which people seek speech therapy help are voice and diction disorders. They can manifest themselves in:

• impaired voice strength (weak, too loud);
• timbre disorders - the voice has a nasal tone (nasal sound);
• accelerated or slow pace of speech;
• unclear pronunciation of sounds.

The cause of these disorders is the improper functioning of the organs of articulation or the peculiarities of their anatomical structure.

A more complex speech disorder is stuttering. Correction of this defect can take a long time, so a comprehensive intervention by a speech therapist and neurologist is necessary. Adults may need the help of a psychologist. Often a person with a stutter is embarrassed by his defect and worries if after the first lessons there is no noticeable result. Causes of stuttering:

• the appearance of convulsions in the articulatory apparatus during speech;
• unformed speech breathing;
• features of the nervous system;
• fright

When working with people who stutter, it is important to create a situation of success and explain the importance and purpose of each activity.

Another complex speech disorder is aphasia, or speech breakdown. A person has formed speech means, but due to organic damage to the centers of the cerebral cortex, a defect in pronunciation and understanding of speech occurs. This can be caused by head injuries or stroke. In this case, the speech therapist re-teaches the person to communicate and compose statements.

Less often, people with dyslexia and dysgraphia – disorders of the reading and writing processes – turn to a specialist. Typically these are clients seeking to improve their literacy levels. After all, errors in reading and writing are not always associated with difficulties in mastering grammar. A speech therapist will help correct these deficiencies in written speech.

When adults turn to a specialist

If parents bring a child to a speech therapist, or his speech development is examined in kindergarten or school, then adults independently seek advice. The exception is aphasia, because the causes of this disorder are serious, it is treated in medical institutions where comprehensive care is provided.

Adults can contact a speech therapist if a person:

• strives to improve the quality of his speech;
• speaks frequently in public or interacts with people;
• feels psychological discomfort due to his deficiency.

The main task of the specialist is to motivate the patient to improve speech and create a situation of success. The specialist clarifies the reason why the adult turned to him for help, in order to find an approach to him and increase the effectiveness of correctional work.

Where to contact

Some people believe that a speech therapist only works in kindergartens, schools and development centers. But there is a system of speech therapy assistance in some medical institutions. Adults most often go to clinics and medical centers.

You can sign up for a consultation at a development center. But not everyone feels comfortable studying in a place where there are a large number of children. To improve their diction, adults enroll in special courses in public speaking or stage speech.

If you decide to use the services of a private specialist who will work with you at home, be sure to check that he has a diploma confirming his qualifications.

Diagnostic features

The speech therapist talks with the client, asks if he had problems with speech in childhood and school years; did he work with specialists? Therefore, an adult needs to prepare for a consultation, communicate with parents in order to learn more about their speech development at an early age. This approach will help the speech therapist more accurately determine the speech disorder and the causes of its occurrence.

The specialist looks at the anatomical structure of the organs of the articulatory apparatus and its work. Then he asks to perform tasks to maintain a certain articulatory posture and gives dynamic exercises. Draws attention to the formation of speech breathing.

The speech therapist checks the state of the pronunciation aspect of speech:

• whether the person pronounces all groups of sounds correctly;
• evaluates the strength and timbre of the voice;
• looks at the general state of diction.

The work of phonemic processes is tested (the ability to distinguish sounds in a speech stream, proficiency in sound-letter analysis skills), and the formation of the syllabic structure.

For aphasia and written language disorders, the speech therapist checks impressive and expressive vocabulary; formation of grammatical structure and coherent speech. A special feature of diagnosing patients with aphasia is determining the preservation of speech components. After all, it is on their basis that correctional work will be built.

When stuttering, a speech therapist pays special attention to the person’s psychological state and the activity of the motor sphere. One of the main areas of work in correcting this speech disorder is normalizing muscle tone. Therefore, the specialist evaluates general and finger motor skills.

For dysgraphia and dyslexia, a speech therapist checks writing and reading. Checking in this direction includes the following tasks:

• writing from dictation;
• cheating;
• reading using different fonts;
• writing letters on different sides and parts of the sheet;
• explanation of the meaning of what was read.

There are several forms of dysgraphia and dyslexia, due to various reasons. It is necessary to do a full speech therapy examination to determine the exact etiology and select appropriate exercises for correction.

Differences between adult speech therapy practice and children's practice

Speech therapy work with adults has several important differences:

• The duration of correctional work and its effectiveness largely depend on the patient’s interest and determination.
• Speech therapy classes are conducted in the form of a conversation - the specialist does not use game techniques in his work.
• The lessons use complex techniques that are not suitable for children's practice.
• Features of speech disorders - in adults they have a long-term stable nature. Therefore, correcting even one sound can affect the quality of coherent speech.

Before starting classes, the speech therapist must clearly set a goal and explain why the exercise is being performed. Often, when working with adults, a voice recorder is used to clearly demonstrate the success of correctional work. Creating situations of success allows you to increase the effectiveness of your classes.

Features of correctional work for various disorders

When correcting a speech defect, the etiology of its appearance must be taken into account. By eliminating the cause of the violation, you will eliminate the defect itself. The speech therapist draws up the structure of classes after the diagnostic results.

• If sound pronunciation is impaired, the main emphasis is on articulatory gymnastics and the formation of speech breathing. Speech therapy work in this case consists of a preparatory stage, staging, sound automation, and differentiation. Another important area is work on phonetic-phonemic processes.
• For voice, timbre and diction disorders, classes include articulation and breathing exercises; expressive reading, pronouncing phrases with different pitches of voice; pronouncing tongue twisters with clear pronunciation of sounds.
• When stuttering, work is carried out in the following areas: normalization of muscle tone; formation of speech breathing; articulation gymnastics; formation of communication skills; creating speech patterns for specific situations; correction of the tempo-rhythmic side of speech.
• Corrective work for aphasia depends on its form. The main task of speech therapy work is to restore the ability to use speech components.
• With dysgraphia and dyslexia, the structure of classes depends on the form of the disorder. The emphasis is on correcting the motor sphere. If necessary, work is carried out on the pronunciation side of speech, phonetic-phonemic processes, or the formation of optical-spatial representations.

The effectiveness of training depends on correctly selected methods. The speech therapist also gives homework assignments so that an adult can consolidate the acquired skills.

Duration of classes and possible results

The duration of correctional work depends on the structure of the speech defect. Even with a mild impairment, classes can last several months, because sometimes difficulties arise at the stage of automation in coherent speech. When working with adults, their determination and interest in improving speech plays an important role.

To be more effective, explain to the client’s loved ones the importance of speech therapy sessions. Their support will be of great help in correction. The prognosis for correcting a defect depends on its complexity and the correctness of the selected techniques.

Cost of speech therapy services for adults

The price depends on the region and the qualifications of the specialist, but on average the cost is 1,400 rubles for 30-40 minutes. In some medical institutions, upon referral from a doctor, classes with a speech therapist may be free.

Of course, an adult can try to correct his speech on his own. But a speech therapist will correctly determine the cause of the defect and select appropriate correction techniques. There is no need to assume that only children can work with a speech therapist: adults also have the opportunity to make their speech literate and beautiful.

Source: https://LogopediaCentr.ru/logopediya/logoped-dlya-vzroslyh/

Consultation with a children's speech therapist - information for parents

Children with speech problems become withdrawn, communicate little with peers, and, as a result, begin to lag behind in intellectual development. Isn't it better to deal with violations in a timely manner and help the child adapt to society?

When is it time to see a speech therapist?

The opinion that a speech therapist works only with older preschoolers is already outdated. The most suitable age for identifying speech problems and working to correct them is considered to be 2-3 years. Even in such children, a specialist can easily determine the presence of speech development disorders.

Everyone knows that a problem is easier to prevent than to fix. If speech disorders are not corrected at an early age, they only get worse, creating conditions for a lag in the formation of higher mental activity.

If you notice that:

• The baby does not develop humming or babbling at six months;
• a one-year-old baby does not begin to pronounce his first words;
• a two- or three-year-old cannot construct simple sentences;
• the child has a small vocabulary;
• sounds are difficult to pronounce;
• there are problems with attention, memory,

make an appointment with a speech therapist!

How can a speech therapist help a child?

The specialist will assess the child’s speech therapy level, identify existing problems in speech and non-speech development, and outline a plan for correctional work.

The speech therapist will help the child:

• Learn to correctly pronounce the sounds of your native language. This means the child will be able to communicate well with friends, both adults and peers will understand him, he will not experience awkwardness and inconvenience due to distorted sound pronunciation.
• Distinguishing sounds by ear, which promotes correct writing, will eliminate errors when reading and writing text, and will prevent the occurrence of dyslexia and dysgraphia.
• Learn to speak beautifully, build coherent speech, without which it is impossible to communicate or study school subjects that require retelling and oral answers.
• Improve fine motor skills, coordinate finger movements, and therefore subsequently learn to write and draw beautifully. In addition, such work stimulates the general formation of speech skills.
• To develop memory, imagination, imaginative thinking, without which it is impossible to study the exact sciences.

Why do parents need to consult a speech therapist?

As a rule, speech therapists ask the child’s parents to come for a consultation. This is necessary, firstly, in order to obtain the necessary information about the course of pregnancy and childbirth, about how the child developed in the early period of life.

Based on this information, the speech therapist draws conclusions about the possible causes of violations and, therefore, plans correctional tactics.
Secondly, it is important that family members correctly understand what is happening with the child, know how to study at home and help develop speech.

What the speech therapist will tell parents:

• Explains the child’s level of speech development and whether it meets age standards.
• If there are speech impairments, he will tell you about plans for correction and give recommendations for classes in the center and at home.
• Will offer options for visiting specialists to conduct lessons.
• It will help you understand how to help your child develop speech at home, how to complete tasks given by a speech therapist, how to express support and create a favorable climate in the family.
• He will give recommendations for the further development of the child’s speech and indicate what points to pay special attention to.

Among other things, the speech therapist will answer parents’ questions about ongoing classes, the dynamics of correctional work, and the timing of correction.

How are classes going?

The main rule in corrective speech therapy work is the comfortable psychological state of the child.

All classes with preschoolers are conducted in the form of a game and do not take more than 45 minutes. To prevent children from getting tired, activities change frequently during the lesson.

This allows the speech therapist to carry out comprehensive work in one lesson, conducting all the necessary exercises - from articulatory gymnastics to didactic games.
It is quite difficult to determine in advance how long the correction will take.

All children are individual, so only after consultation and the start of classes can a specialist predict the approximate timing.

It is extremely important that the child continues to study at home and maintains the skills he has developed. That is why the participation of parents in the work process is simply necessary. The more consistent and active the work is, the faster the child will cope with the problem.

At what age should you consult a speech therapist?

As we have already said, the classic opinion that it is too early to go to a speech therapist before the age of 5 is fundamentally wrong. Experts say that the age of active speech formation is 2-3 years. This is when you need to come for a consultation for the first time. And, if a child does not speak at the age of 2-3, then you should definitely go to a speech pathologist!

If any violations are discovered in a child, it will be much easier to eliminate them. The speech therapist will give parents recommendations on further work on speech development.

Does this mean that the child will no longer need a speech therapist? Not at all. It is advisable to visit a specialist once a year. Each age has its own norms and levels of development. What was great at 3 years old is no longer enough at 4 years old. Therefore, you need to get advice and promptly assess the degree of speech development.

Source: http://karkusha.su/konsultatsiya-detskogo-logopeda-dlya-roditeley/

A speech therapist will not help: speech disorders that only doctors can handle

How to recognize speech disorders in a child, for which parents need to take the child not only to a speech therapist.

Experts from the Children's Speech Academy and the DoctorNeuro Center for Speech Neurology tell the story.

For every parent, the birth of a baby is that amazing and incomparable moment when communication with the baby once and for all turns from correspondence to mutual.

First the first tactile, and then the first eye contact, the first focused look, the first reaction (what a wide range of emotions!), the first smile, the first walk and, finally, the first speech.

A child is not born with an established speech, he develops it gradually: he learns to pronounce sounds correctly and clearly, move from syllables to words, connecting words with each other, build phrases, express thoughts clearly and consistently.

But sometimes it happens that time passes, but the first words are still not there. Or speech appears, but it is illegible, incomprehensible, and you can only guess about the meaning of the words. And these speech deviations that occur at different stages of a child’s life, of course, cause anxiety among parents.

And in most cases, the first, and sometimes the only thing that comes to mind for such parents is to seek help from a speech therapist.

But the question is: is a speech therapist able to help in every case? Can he always solve the problem of speech impediment on his own? Let's try to figure it out.

This manifestation - a speech disorder - may to some extent be an individual characteristic of the baby, or it may be a symptom of some disorder that has a medical cause - something that happened to the child’s body and resulted in a failure in speech development .

What does it mean?

And the fact is that a speech therapist is not a doctor, and he does not treat the cause of speech impairment.

If a speech development disorder is a symptom, a manifestation of some disease, then in this case the speech therapist needs the help of other doctors and specialists.

By itself, without an integrated approach to eliminating the cause of the disorder, a speech therapist will not help. Which, by the way, a good, competent specialist will always inform parents about.

It is no secret that the normative process of speech formation in all children follows the same scenario. And there are age-specific norms for this process - at certain points in life, a child must have certain speech skills.

Non-compliance with these standards indicates that something is going wrong in the child’s development.

But, on the other hand, children are still different and you cannot demand that they all develop as if on command. Despite the fact that age-related norms for speech development exist, some variable fluctuations around the key indicators of these norms in one direction or another are allowed.

The problem is that up to 2.5 years of age it is quite difficult to say unambiguously whether speech disorders are based on some medical reason or whether they are acceptable variations of the norm (development occurs fully, but with a delay: brain structures mature a little later).

What does it mean? That in the second case, the help of a speech therapist may be quite sufficient, but in the first case, it is necessary to involve other doctors and specialists in the process of correcting speech disorders.

If up to 2.5 years of age the child’s behavior does not cause alarm (the child is active, sociable, plays with other children, recognizes loved ones, he has a pronounced reaction of animation), and correctional classes produce results, then, most likely, the help of a speech therapist will be enough - specialist “ will adjust the child’s speech to age standards.

In this case, it is dangerous to rely on the help of only a speech therapist and it is definitely worth undergoing a comprehensive diagnostic examination.

And here’s why: the closer the time approaches 2.5-3 years, the more significant and noticeable the child’s speech lag becomes. It is increasingly difficult to interpret as an individual developmental feature.

Most likely, speech development disorders will not be the only manifestation of the problem.

The baby may exhibit certain behavioral characteristics (a specialist may see them earlier, but by this age they become more prominent).

For example, a child with speech difficulties may not respond to speech addressed to him, may not make eye contact, may not try to make contact with other children, may not show interest in other people, demonstrate monotony in games, or motor awkwardness. Such behavioral features indicate that the child may be on the autism spectrum and needs help not only and not so much from a speech therapist, but from a neurologist, neuropathologist, speech pathologist, neuropsychologist, and sometimes a geneticist.

Or, for example, another variant of the manifestation of a speech development disorder: the child does not withdraw, is willing to communicate, is intellectually developed, but his speech is incomprehensible. He speaks gibberish, adding paralinguistic means to the “words” for persuasiveness - facial expressions, gestures, intonation.

Most likely, this is a neurological disorder alalia. The parts of the baby's brain responsible for his speech are damaged.

Such a child definitely needs the help of a speech neurologist along with a neuropsychologist and speech therapist.

The child may become withdrawn and refuse to talk at all. And at the same time, his intelligence is also preserved, and there are no organic pathologies. This is a classic neurosis. This behavior is based solely on psychological reasons, and a psychologist must cope with such verbal negativism.

Hearing problems are definitely the cause of poor speech quality! Of course, you cannot do without the help of an audiologist. And in the case of a high degree of hearing loss, the child needs classes not so much with a speech therapist, but with a teacher of the deaf.

A child’s lack of speech or his inability to master the articulation of simple sounds may become the basis for examining the organs of his articulatory apparatus (oral cavity, soft and hard palate, bone structure of the skull, jaws). And without correcting any defects, the help of a speech therapist is impossible.

The age of three years is the borderline.

If speech has not improved by the age of three, develops incompletely or does not develop at all, you should seek the help of a speech neurologist even if a comprehensive diagnostic examination does not reveal any pronounced pathologies or developmental disorders in the child.

Speech retardation after three years becomes a reason for mental retardation.

The fact is that the human psyche, up to a certain age, goes through mandatory phased stages of development. Normal mental development occurs only if each stage is completed sequentially. Speech is one of these steps.

That is why, starting from 3-3.5 years, the child’s speech should return to normal as quickly as possible.

What does it mean? This means that the baby's brain must work in hyperactivity mode.

On the one hand, he has to catch up with his age, which means he has to work with great effort, but, on the other hand, while he is catching up, time does not stand still, and the child’s brain has to get ahead of the curve - at the same time developing “now” and catching up. previously.

This is the hyperload mode. But the human brain has one peculiarity:

when circumstances force him into overload mode, he turns on self-defense mechanisms and begins to slow himself down.

You can’t cope here without a visit to a neurologist and medication support. Its purpose in this case is to work both to eliminate the cause of the disorder and to help the brain switch into “turbo mode.”

In such a situation, it is not worth refusing the help of a neurologist and subjecting the child’s brain to overload. The help of a speech therapist alone is definitely not enough here.

But let's not diminish the role of the speech therapist. It is huge and is not limited, as one might think, to one production of sounds.

After all, our speech is not only correct sound pronunciation, but also phonetic-phonemic perception of sound (the ability of certain areas of the cerebral cortex to distinguish sounds), vocabulary and grammatical structure (the ability to correctly form word forms and new words, connect words into sentences), coherent speech (the ability to coherently compose stories, compose, give figurative coloring to speech). And all these settings are handled by a speech therapist.

But there is one “but” when a speech therapist will not help: the help of a specialist will not be complete if parents rely solely on his work.

You should definitely talk to your child! As much as possible.

No, no and NO! Discuss, wonder, share, talk, talk, talk.

Only this way, and no other way!

Source: https://letidor.ru/obrazovanie/logoped-ne-pomozhet-narusheniya-rechi-s-kotorymi-spravyatsya-tolko-vrachi.htm

Was it worth treating a child with delayed or impaired speech development by a neurologist? — nootropics for children for speech development

• Is it worth treating a child with speech delay or impairment by a neurologist ?
• It should be understood that almost all speech disorders arise as a result of certain deviations in the child’s health, namely, disorders of the brain, central nervous system, deviations in the structure of the articulatory apparatus, genetic or mental disorders.
• Studying the anamnesis of children with speech pathology, experts have found that disruption of the normal development of speech in children can be caused by various adverse effects during intrauterine development, premature, prolonged or rapid labor, a long anhydrous period, birth injuries, fetal asphyxia during childbirth, hydrocephalus and increased intracranial pressure, genetic predisposition, mental illness and even early transfer of the child to artificial feeding.

Severe childhood illnesses, especially in the first three years of life, traumatic brain injuries or frequent falls simply left unattended, hearing loss of varying degrees - all this can cause a delay in speech development or its impairment. When exposed to unfavorable biological (or social) factors, those areas of the brain that are currently developing most intensively are most significantly damaged. Studies have shown that speech disorders often affect children whose mother or father has some kind of mental disorder, often quarrels or abuses alcohol. Regardless of the cause that led to brain damage, the outcome is the same - different areas of the brain begin to work incorrectly or not quite active. In children with speech development disorders, the areas responsible for speech are “damaged” to a greater extent, and as a result, speech and sometimes mental development is delayed or impaired.

Of course, the hereditary factor . I would like to dwell separately on this moment. Often mothers come with a five-year-old child who practically does not speak.

I ask, what did you expect a year ago, a year and a half ago? After all, the sooner you start correction and treatment, the better the result! Mothers shrug their shoulders and say that the mother-in-law says that the child’s father spoke only at the age of 4 and immediately in phrases, and the uncle spoke late. And nothing, both became people.

Dear mothers! If, according to the stories of your relatives, you, your husband or uncle-aunt and other close relative spoke late, then this signals that your child already has a genetic predisposition to RDD. From generation to generation, RRD becomes more and more severe.

Therefore, waiting for everything to resolve itself is an extremely irresponsible position! Unfortunately, many parents believe that speech therapists “treat” speech disorders, but speech therapists are teachers , not doctors. They only teach the child to speak correctly, but in some cases this is extremely insufficient!!! Thus, most speech disorders require not only pedagogical correction, but also NEUROLOGICAL TREATMENT! Neurologists can prescribe treatment as early as 1 year of age if a neurological pathology is detected early, which leads or may lead to delayed speech development or impairment. It is best for a neurologist or psychoneurologist consulting on speech pathology to have extensive experience working with such disorders .
What treatment methods are there? Drug therapy - among the drugs that are used for treatment, there are those that are “active nutrition” and “building material” for brain neurons (cortexin, actovegin, neuromultivitis, lecithin, etc.), and drugs “ spurring” the activity of speech zones (cogitum). All appointments are made ONLY by a neurologist or psychiatrist. Self-medication is dangerous, because the drug that helped your friend’s child may be contraindicated for your child.

Electroreflexotherapy and magnetic therapy allow you to selectively restore the functioning of various brain centers responsible for diction, vocabulary, speech activity and intellectual abilities. However, this effective method is prohibited for use in children with convulsive syndrome, epilepsy and mental disorders. There are no contraindications for magnetic therapy.

A brief overview of nootropic and other drugs used in the treatment of speech disorders. ONLY A DOCTOR PRESCRIBES DRUGS! Do not self-medicate, it is dangerous! Nootropics are substances that have a specific positive effect on the higher integrative functions of the brain. They improve mental activity, stimulate cognitive functions, facilitate the learning process, improve memory, and stimulate intellectual activity.

Encephabol is a drug that improves pathologically reduced metabolic processes in brain tissue, reduces blood viscosity and improves blood flow. Improves blood circulation in ischemic areas of the brain, increases their oxygenation (saturates with oxygen), enhances glucose metabolism.

This drug “disinhibits” speech. Has a stimulating effect on restless children. After finishing the course of treatment everything goes away.

Pantogam (hopantenic acid) is the most mildly acting metabolic cerebroprotector with a minimally pronounced stimulating effect on the central nervous system.

The drug improves energy metabolism in the brain and other various types of metabolism in the cell, has an anticonvulsant effect, reduces motor excitability while regulating behavior.

Increases mental and physical performance.

Pantogam is a kind of “vitamin” for the brain. The drug is not bad, almost all speeches work well on it. Often used in conjunction with glycine, because glycine enhances the effect of hopantenic acid. The result from it is noticeable, but less pronounced than from encephobol.

Glycine is a metabolic regulator, normalizes and activates protective inhibition processes in the central nervous system, reduces psycho-emotional stress, aggressiveness, conflict, increases mental performance and social adaptation, facilitates falling asleep and normalizes sleep.

Phenibut facilitates the transmission of nerve impulses to the central nervous system. Improves the functional state of the brain by normalizing metabolism in tissues and influencing cerebral circulation. Reduces feelings of anxiety, tension, restlessness and fear, reduces irritability, emotional lability, and increases mental performance.

Sometimes the effect is diametrically opposite (

because Phenibut is more of an antipsychotic than a nootropic). After discontinuation of the drug, the effect disappears within a few days.

Semax affects processes associated with memory formation and learning.

Strengthens selective attention at the time of perception and analysis of information, improves the consolidation of a memory trace and its storage, which is used both in healthy individuals and in patients with various neurological pathologies, including children with speech disorders.

Easy to use - no need to persuade the child to take the medicine, just drop it in the nose and that’s it. The drug is quickly absorbed from the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity and quickly penetrates the brain. And the course of treatment with this remedy, unlike other nootropics, is very short - 3-5 days. The therapeutic effect is good and lasting. However, the disadvantage of Semax is its strict storage conditions - it must always be in the refrigerator (it loses its medicinal properties at temperatures above +10 degrees).

Cerebrolysin increases the efficiency of energy metabolism in the brain, prevents the death of neurons under conditions of hypoxia and ischemia, has a positive effect in cases of cognitive dysfunction, improves concentration and memory processes.

A very effective drug. The effect of treatment is noticeable immediately after the course of treatment.

Cortexin improves learning and memory processes, stimulates self-healing processes in the brain, and accelerates the recovery of brain function after stressors.

The drug is good, there are a large number of children who do well on it.

Cerepro improves blood flow and enhances metabolic processes in the central nervous system, has a positive effect on the cognitive and behavioral reactions of patients with vascular diseases of the brain, and restores consciousness in cases of traumatic brain damage.

This drug is a Russian analogue of gliatilin. Activates cognitive processes, stimulates speech development. Only a doctor can choose which of the described drugs is indicated for a particular child, because despite one diangosis, the dynamics in different children varies greatly, since the degree of damage to the speech zones and the causes are different, and therefore the results of treatment may vary.

Advice from a speech therapist, materials for classes at home and free consultation with a speech therapist online http://logoped-lapteva.ucoz.ru/

Source: https://www.BabyBlog.ru/community/post/babyspeech/26223

Consultation with a speech therapist - prices in Moscow

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A speech therapist is a special teacher who corrects speech disorders in children and adults. Literally translated from Greek, “speech therapist” means “speech educator.”

In Russia, speech therapists are correctional teachers (defectologists), unlike many foreign countries where a speech therapist, or speech therapist, is a medical specialty.

At the present stage, there is a tendency to distinguish different areas within speech therapy - in clinics and speech centers today you can find specialists in early speech development, stuttering specialists, aphasiologists, and phonopedists.

In addition, many speech therapists have an additional specialty - oligophrenopedagogue or neuropsychologist.

Cost of consultation with a speech therapist in Moscow

• Consultation with a speech therapist (initial) ~ RUR 1,592.436
• Consultation with a speech therapist (repeated) ~ RUB 1,556.138

A speech therapist is a special teacher who corrects speech disorders in children and adults.

Literally translated from Greek, “speech therapist” means “speech educator.” In Russia, speech therapists are correctional teachers (defectologists), unlike many foreign countries where a speech therapist, or speech therapist, is a medical specialty.

At the present stage, there is a tendency to distinguish different areas within speech therapy - in clinics and speech centers today you can find specialists in early speech development, stuttering specialists, aphasiologists, and phonopedists.

In addition, many speech therapists have an additional specialty - oligophrenopedagogue or neuropsychologist.

It is generally accepted that a speech therapist is exclusively a children's specialist. This opinion is wrong. Both children and adults may need speech therapy assistance.

For preventive purposes, it is recommended that a normally developing child be seen by a speech therapist at the age of 2-2.5 years, so that the specialist can assess the pace and progress of speech development.

Further planned visits are usually made at 4-5 years and before entering school at 6.5-7 years. An unscheduled consultation with a speech therapist is necessary in the following cases:

• In the first year of life - if the baby does not walk (at 2-3 months), does not babble (at 6-7 months), and does not begin to utter the first words by the age of one year.
• In the second year of life - if the child does not pronounce babbling (amorphous) words, does not understand the meaning of addressed speech, does not follow short speech instructions, and by the age of 2 does not speak in a two-word phrase.
• In the third year of life - if there is a lag in the course of speech development (poor understanding of addressed speech, ignorance of commonly used and everyday words, poor vocabulary, inability to memorize fairy tales and short poems), speech negativism.
• In preschool age - if there are hesitations in speech, there is a general slurredness or impoverishment of speech, by the age of 5-6 years there are still disturbances in the pronunciation of any sounds (absence, interchanges, distortion - lisp, burr, etc.), the child must be prepared for school ( learning to read, preparing the hand for writing).
• In adulthood - if speech defects were not corrected in childhood and interfere with communication, professional self-realization, career growth, as well as in cases where previously formed speech has disintegrated (due to illness, a person has lost the ability to speak or understand others).

Speech therapists conduct appointments in specialized speech centers, clinics, multidisciplinary hospitals where there are neurorehabilitation departments, speech centers of educational and educational institutions.

If you have the above problems, a referral to a speech therapist can be given by a pediatrician or neurologist, but self-referral is not excluded.

A speech therapist's opinion on the state of speech is also required when drawing up a medical card in form 026/u-2000 before the child enters school.

What does a speech therapist do?

The speech therapist conducts correctional classes on speech development and correction of speech defects.

This is a very sought-after specialist: according to the most conservative estimates, about half of preschool children have phonetic or phonetic-phonemic speech underdevelopment and need systematic speech therapy help.

The number of children with severe speech pathology (alalia, dysarthria, OHP), combined and combined developmental disorders has increased significantly. The main speech pathologies that a speech therapist has to deal with include:

• Pronunciation problems . This group of speech disorders includes dyslalia (mechanical and functional), dysarthria of varying severity, rhinolalia, as well as voice formation disorders - dysphonia and aphonia. These pathologies are accompanied by defects in “external” spoken speech – sound, intonation, prosodic, phonemic, making speech inexpressive and incomprehensible to others.
• Disorders of tempo and rhythm . Speeding up or slowing down speech, changing its smoothness and melody also negatively affects the perception and understanding of the interlocutor’s statement. Therefore, speech therapists provide correctional training for stuttering in children and adults, tachylalia, bradyllalia, and clattering.
• Inner speech disorders . This is the inability to program a speech operation and its subsequent implementation. It can be congenital or early-onset (sensory and motor alalia) or acquired after the completion of speech formation (various forms of aphasia). These are one of the most complex disorders in speech therapy, since they are etiologically associated with organic brain damage as a result of intrauterine influences, birth injuries, strokes, and head injuries.
• Written speech disorders . They refer to specific disorders of learning skills that develop on the basis of FFF and OHP that are not eliminated in time. Includes dyslexia, dysgraphia, dysorthography. Subject to speech therapy correction in elementary school.
• Systemic speech disorders . Speech therapy support is required for children with certain congenital pathologies: autism spectrum disorders, hearing impairment, cerebral palsy, Down syndrome, multiple developmental disorders. In some cases (for example, in severe forms of autism), the maximum possible result may not be the appearance of speech as such, but the development in the child of the ability for alternative communication - the ability to express his needs using special gestures or cards.

How to prepare for an appointment with a speech therapist?

When planning a meeting with a speech therapist, you should decide where it is more convenient to hold it: in an institution or at home. In some situations, it is advisable to invite a speech therapist to your home (for example, to a child under one year old, an autistic child, or a patient with limited mobility).

If a visit to an institution is planned, then a convenient time should be provided so that the child is rested and at least two hours have passed since the last meal.

You can take your favorite toy with you, learn a rhyme or a fairy tale to make your baby feel more at ease. The last requirement is not mandatory, since an experienced speech therapist will be able to get even the most stubborn silent person to talk.

How is a speech therapist appointment?

The duration of the consultation depends on the type of speech disorder, the patient’s age, his somatic and mental status, and the purpose of the appointment – ​​diagnostic or correctional.

In typical cases, an initial comprehensive speech therapist appointment lasts 1 hour. However, if the patient gets tired quickly or experiences communication difficulties, the consultation can be shortened to 30-40 minutes.

, and part of the examination was postponed to the next meeting. The main stages of a diagnostic appointment with a speech therapist include:

• Establishing contact . During the first visit, the speech therapist meets the child and his parents or the adult patient. An important key to subsequent successful work is mutual goodwill and frankness. The use of playful moments in the communication process allows you to establish a trusting relationship with your child.
• Study of anamnesis and complaints . During a conversation with parents, the speech therapist clarifies in detail the child’s perinatal history (the course of pregnancy and childbirth in the mother, the child’s weight, height, Apgar score at birth), early physical and mental development, and previous diseases. Particular attention is paid to the time of appearance of pre-speech reactions, the first words and phrases, and the language environment in which the child is raised. The purpose of the visit and the complaint are clarified, medical documents and submitted medical reports are examined.
• Examination of the articulatory apparatus . After a preliminary conversation, the speech therapist proceeds to examining speech motor skills. It consists of performing a series of articulation exercises, during which the speech therapist evaluates the strength, accuracy, volume, and switchability of speech movements. Attention is drawn to the presence of salivation, hyperkinesis, synkinesis, tongue deviation, convulsive muscle contractions, and dysphagia. The examination of the child must be carried out in the presence of his legal representative.
• Speech function examination . At this stage, with the help of visual material, the speech therapist consistently clarifies sound pronunciation, syllable structure, phonemic hearing, vocabulary, grammatical concepts, and, if reading and writing are mature, examines these skills. The complexity of the material presented and the course of the examination depend on the age, intellectual integrity of the patient, and the type of alleged disorder. The speech therapist records all the information in a special document - a speech card. Based on the results of the examination, a speech therapy conclusion is made about the state of speech function.
• Drawing up a plan for corrective work . At the end of the consultation, the speech therapist informs the parents or the patient himself of his conclusions, justifying them with the results of observation. Based on the data obtained, the speech therapist proposes a plan of correctional work, discusses with the patient the frequency of classes per week, and the need to complete homework. To achieve the best effect of correctional work, it may be necessary to include articulatory and finger exercises, su-jok therapy, speech therapy massage, and hardware techniques (electrical stimulation, sensory stimulation, etc.) in the correctional course.

Source: https://www.KrasotaiMedicina.ru/treatment/consultation-logopaedics/logopedist