HPV infection: main routes of transmission and methods of treating pathology

The human papillomavirus, or HPV for short, has more than 200 species that cause damage to the skin, mucous membranes, and various organs. The human reproductive system is most susceptible to infection. The most dangerous is an infection with an oncological risk, leading to cancer.

HPV infection affects the human reproductive system

There is a high probability that the child can become infected from the biological mother. Flat and genital warts require increased attention, study and treatment. Today, active development of a preventive vaccine is underway to prevent the development of the virus in the body and block its transmission.

Causes and features of occurrence

HPV – what kind of infection is it? This concept unites about 200 existing types of pathogen. Each is, to a greater or lesser extent, capable of infiltrating and disrupting the human genome. The virus can develop in the body without manifestations; about 70% of the world's population are its carriers.

When the immune system is weakened, it is characterized by the formation of papillomas and warts that cover the skin, mucous tissue, and line the inner surface of the respiratory organs and reproductive system. This contributes to the development of malignant tumors.

Unprotected sexual intercourse leads to the development of the disease

The likelihood of contracting a human papilloma infection increases with smoking, drinking alcohol, unprotected sexual intercourse, frequent stress, limited nutrition, poor environment, and vitamin deficiency. A high risk of infection is present with unstable immunity, gynecological and other chronic diseases, long-term use of potent medications, hormones, and antidepressants.

The main feature of the virus is that it remains in a dormant state for an indefinite period of time, without manifesting itself in any way. Its activation and distribution in the body occurs under the influence of certain circumstances, immunodeficiency.

Provoking factors and conditions

Papillomavirus manifests itself when the body’s natural defenses are weakened, when the immune system can no longer cope with its suppression. Numerous sexual relationships significantly increase the likelihood of contracting papillomas, especially without the use of individual barrier products.

The infection progresses as the immune system weakens

Inflammatory processes on external and internal organs provoke the activation of latent HPV infection. If a pregnant woman is infected, the newborn baby is at risk of getting infection during labor.

Ways of transmission of the disease

The papilloma virus is not stable in the environment, so infection occurs due to direct interaction with the carrier.

The infection is transmitted through sexual contact, at home, and through personal household and hygiene items. There is a high risk of infection in a newborn. The child becomes infected from the mother when passing through the birth canal.

The period of infection with papillomavirus occurs at the age of 17-25 years, when girls and boys become sexually active and have several partners.

A newborn can become infected from his mother

Stages and terms of development

After transmission, HPV may not appear immediately, which is directly related to the state of immunity.

If the body’s natural defenses are disrupted, HIV is diagnosed, the virus is activated, then characteristic growths appear on the surface of the skin and mucous tissues. During pregnancy they recur, enlarge and loosen.

They can interfere with the normal development of the fetus and complicate childbirth. Throughout life, the external symptoms of the disease periodically disappear, sometimes they appear again.

The virus parasitizes in the lower epithelial layer. In infected cells it exists in 2 forms - benign and malignant. In most cases, the genome remains intact, and the body defeats the virus on its own.

Degeneration occurs when it breaks and integrates into DNA. Then the disease enters the stage of clinical manifestations. A change in the normal structure of tissue is called dysplasia in medicine.

This condition increases the risk of cancer.

One of the causes of respiratory papillomatosis in children is associated with the presence of the papilloma virus in the mother.

HPV infection manifests itself as warts on the skin

How does HPV manifest?

• Warts. The nodule, which varies in size, shape and color, is usually painless and dry. Several warts may merge to form large lumps. The worst thing is if they appear on the sole of the foot, as the growths interfere with walking. At a young age they are light, concentrated on the hands and fingers, in old people they are dark, on the face.
• Papillomas. They have the appearance of a papilla, the tip of which can be smooth or rough, the shade is predominantly light. They are localized on the head, body, in the intimate area, and are found inside hollow organs. They can be small or large, single or focal.
• Condylomas. They have a pointed structure, less often – flat, but with maximum oncogenic potential. Outwardly they resemble cauliflower or a rooster's comb, and there is a tendency to grow. Formed in places subject to friction and irritation. For example, in natural folds of the skin, anal area, genitals, knees, elbows, hip folds.

Condylomas appear on sensitive areas of the skin

In men, growths are localized on the penis, scrotum, and anus. They occur singly, but can be numerous, then papillomatosis is diagnosed. Their increase and spread reduces the quality of sexual life, worsens mood, and forms complexes. Forming in the urethra, they lead to impaired urination and are accompanied by burning and painful sensations.

Forms and symptoms

One person can be a carrier of several types of virus at once. Sometimes the disease occurs in an imperceptible manner, but most often it manifests itself in the formation of papillomas, warts, and condylomas on the skin and mucous membranes.

They are localized in the upper half of the body - on the face, décolleté, neck, shoulders, scalp, armpits, and are found on the palms and fingers, and the sole of the feet.

The incubation period ranges from several weeks to tens of years.

The presence of HPV in the body provokes the development of cervical cancer. Today, this is one of the most common oncological diseases.

HPV infection provokes the development of cervical cancer

What is HPV infection in women? Its symptoms are characteristic growths covering the genitals, anus, vagina and uterus, and the vestibule of the bladder.

Their injury causes bleeding and pain during bowel movements and sexual intercourse. Ulcerations and erosions that do not heal are prone to inflammation and itching, which causes significant discomfort.

This is an important issue in gynecology, since such a condition leads to malignant tissue degeneration, and ultimately to cancer.

The virus is conventionally classified according to its degree of oncogenicity:

1. High.
2. Average.
3. Low.

About 15 strains of infection have a maximum risk level. The pathological process takes many years. If the immune system is suppressed, oncology develops in a short time - in just 5-7 years.

Patients feel discomfort when urinating

What symptoms require attention:

• discomfort and pain during sexual intercourse;
• discomfort when urinating, defecating;
• traces of blood, bleeding after penetrative sex;
• discharge with a specific odor;
• loss of appetite, weight loss.

Diagnosis and study

According to the medical classifier of diseases ICD-10, papilloma viral infections belong to classes B00 - B09. A separate group includes warts (B07) and infections that are not included in other headings (B08) and unspecified (B09).

The main indication for treatment is the detection of relevant formations, timing of infection, their pain, bleeding, growth, and other complaints. At the same time, examinations are scheduled with specialists - a gynecologist, urologist, proctologist.

A consultation with a dermatovenerologist will be useful.

The patient will need to consult a dermatovenerologist

In 90% of cases, damage to the genital organs is combined with the presence of urogenital infections. Among the common ones are chlamydia, gonorrhea, herpes, candidiasis, mycoplasmosis and others.

For diagnosis, the PCR (polymerase chain reaction) method is used, which allows you to accurately identify individually isolated types of the virus. During the examination, it is mandatory to identify sexually transmitted infections (STIs).

Doctors obtain additional information about the disease through cytological examination and histology, which provide information about the nature of changes in cells taken from the affected area.

As the disease progresses, a biopsy is used in women if there is no pregnancy.

HPV treatment

Any external manifestations of the papilloma virus in humans must be removed.

Tactics are selected on an individual basis, taking into account the immune status, the presence of urogenital infections, the location of the pathological process, etc.

If genital warts are found, they are removed, and antiviral therapy is prescribed for both partners. Sexual rest and six-month barrier contraception are recommended.

Barrier contraceptives should be used temporarily

Treatment of HPV is carried out using a combination of destructive and medicinal methods.

Papillomas and condylomas are excised surgically, even if they do not bother and are not subject to trauma. Urgent surgery is required if tumors are prone to proliferation and frequent damage.

For this purpose, radio wave techniques, cryodestruction, removal with chemical solutions, laser, and electrocoagulation are provided.

The virus can recur, so in the future local treatment and oral administration of drugs are carried out.

Drug therapy:

1. Vitamins. Doctors prescribe retinoids, beta-carotene, and multivitamin complexes.
2. Immunomodulators that are based on interferon or immunoglobulin.
   Treatment requires immunomodulators
3. Antiviral agents. Specific medications that suppress the activity of infection in the body. Among them are Panavir, Cidofovir.
4. Cytotoxic drugs. Condilin, Podophyllin - taken together with reliable contraception, prohibited for pregnant women.

Prevention measures

How to protect yourself from HPV? The answer is simple - you need to avoid conditions that reduce immunity. These are infectious and colds, vitamin deficiencies, chronic stress and overwork, negative emotions, strong worries and worries.

Barrier contraception, exclusion of casual relationships, personal hygiene, and giving up bad habits are of great preventive importance.

Any infectious and inflammatory diseases are subject to timely and definitive treatment.

Giving up bad habits will help strengthen your immune system

Preventive examinations by a gynecologist and urologist contribute to the early detection of formations, which means urgent and effective treatment.

Periodic cytological examination allows to exclude the development of cancer processes in tissues and organs. Women planning a pregnancy are advised to undergo colposcopy.

This method, using a flexible instrument, allows you to carefully examine the vagina and cervix for neoplasms and tumors.

Screening for intimate organ cancer is a preventative test for women, including those who feel healthy and have no symptoms. The main feature is that precancer can be corrected.

In contrast, cancer in the later stages has an extremely unfavorable prognosis and a transient course. Experts recommend that women undergo a full examination at the age of 35-45.

It is best if you do this every 5 years.

To prevent HPV infection, vaccination is carried out

There are 2 vaccines against HPV. Today, new drugs against papillomavirus are being actively developed, and clinical trials are ongoing. In America, since 2006, girls and women of childbearing age have been vaccinated against 4 types of HPV.

In the USA and Canada, mandatory vaccination rules have been introduced for children of both sexes aged 12-14 years, preferably before their first sexual experience. In total, about 50 developed countries are promoting the benefits of the HPV vaccine.

In Russia, the issue of including cancer screening in the individual health insurance system is being considered. People who form a risk group should be examined more often.

Finding an effective solution to the problem will allow an integrated approach and a comprehensive study of the issue.

Recommended measures include educating young people about safe sex life, delaying its initiation, warning about the dangers of alcohol, nicotine, drugs, and information about the consequences of their use.

How HPV infection is transmitted, watch the video:

Source: http://bolezni.com/stati-o-boleznyah/papilloma/vpch-infekciya.html

What is papillomavirus infection

The human papillomavirus is considered one of the most common sexually transmitted infections, including more than 100 different types. They are divided according to the degree of risk of cancer development and specific manifestations. Thus, some strains cause warts, while others provoke the appearance of condylomas and papillomas. But the most dangerous are those that contribute to the occurrence of malignant tumors.

What is HPV?

General family: Papillomaviridae. Latin name: Human Papillomavirus. Abbreviation: HPV or HPV (as written in tests).

This is what a virus looks like under a microscope

The virus is a microscopic microorganism that lives in mucous membranes and on the skin. However, it does not live in the blood, which excludes infection through contact with the blood of an infected person.

The peculiarity of the virus is that it does not appear immediately and can make itself felt months and even years after infection. This complicates the process of diagnosis and treatment, since a person may not know about the infection for a long time.

Typically the incubation period lasts from 1 to 3 months.

Normally, the manifestations of HPV are suppressed by the immune system, so the disease remains undetected. However, if the immune system is weakened for some reason, external signs of infection begin to appear on the body in the form of various neoplasms.

Causes

The main factor in the development of the disease is the entry of a virus into the body. The greatest danger is posed by HPV strains 16, 18, 31 and 33, which can cause cancer. It is their action that is associated with the development of cervical cancer in women and penile cancer in men. Less common is cancer of the anogenital area if the condylomas appear near the anus.

How the infection is transmitted

Transmission of the virus occurs exclusively through direct contact between a sick person and a healthy person. It is not transmitted by insects or parasites. In addition, it is not able to live for a long time outside the host’s body, so it is almost impossible to become infected through objects touched by the patient. However, this rule does not apply to those types of viruses that cause warts. They are often transmitted through personal hygiene items.

Main routes of transmission:

1. Sexual. It is considered the most common method of infection by the virus. The infection is transmitted during any unprotected contact in which the mucous membranes and skin come into contact. For infection, it is not necessary that the patient have externally visible growths. If a person is infected with HPV, he can infect his partner without even knowing it. Moreover, the infection can be transmitted not only through vaginal, but also through oral and anal contact.
2. Domestic. The virus can survive in the environment for some time. Therefore, infection can occur in public places: baths, swimming pools, as well as through contact with the patient’s personal belongings. In this case, infection may occur with low-oncogenic types of the virus, causing the appearance of growths, but not capable of leading to oncology.
3. From mother to child. This method involves infection during childbirth: the virus is transmitted from an infected mother to the child. At the same time, during pregnancy, the papillomavirus does not threaten the fetus. Infection occurs directly during childbirth, and natural childbirth increases the risk of transmission of the virus as the baby passes through the birth canal.

It is believed that most cases of infection occur in the first year of sexual activity. Therefore, young people aged 15-16 years are at risk.

Risk factors

In addition, the following groups of people are most at risk of infection:

• constantly changing partners;
• those who do not use barrier contraception during sexual intercourse;
• not maintaining intimate hygiene.

  Genital warts: causes, symptoms, treatment

A distinctive feature of infection is the direct dependence of the severity of the manifestations of the virus and the state of the immune system. If the immune system has worked as it should, the infection will not develop.

However, if the moment is missed and the virus has already begun to act, a different number of growths may appear on the body, the number of which varies depending on the condition of the patient’s body.

In this case, infection can occur not with one, but with several strains of the virus at once.

• bad habits;
• frequent stress;
• changes in hormonal levels;
• the presence of related urological or gynecological infections.

Symptoms of infection

The specificity of the papillomavirus lies in the latent course of the infection, which causes the absence of a pronounced clinical picture. The first manifestations of symptoms of the disease indicate the active phase of the virus, during which it grows and multiplies in the patient’s body.

Most often, the clinical manifestations of HPV are reduced to the formation of various growths. Among them are:

1. Condylomas. The new growths, which resemble rough cauliflower to the touch, have thin legs on which they rest. Most often, condylomas are flesh-colored or pale pink. They are usually located on the external genitalia. Their characteristic feature is the ability to merge. Thus, several condylomas can grow and merge into one large neoplasm. Genital warts are flesh-colored
2. Papillomas. Unlike condylomas, they are usually located on the neck, face, and armpits. Less commonly, they can be diagnosed in the groin area. They have a papillary shape and also rest on a small stalk. The color resembles condylomas. Threaded papillomas Papillomas tend to grow
3. Warts. Their appearance is provoked by low-oncogenic types of the virus, in particular strains 6 and 11. Typically, they are localized on those surfaces that are most easily injured - soles, feet, elbows, neck, etc. Usually have a dark color.

When traumatized, each neoplasm bleeds and becomes painful to the touch. Therefore, if the growths create physical discomfort for a person, constantly rub and become injured, they must be removed.

However, the course of HPV is not always associated exclusively with the appearance of neoplasms. There are other, albeit less common, symptoms. These include:

• burning in the genital area;
• soreness of the affected mucous membranes or skin;
• dryness during sexual intercourse;
• changes in voice timbre and difficulty swallowing if HPV affects the respiratory tract.

At the same time, dysplasia is characterized by spotting that is not associated with menstruation, pain during sexual intercourse, and a feeling of constant vaginal dryness. If left untreated, this condition can lead to painful or absent periods, making it impossible for a woman to become pregnant or carry a child to term.

In children

For children, papillomas are more common, forming on the skin and not affecting the genitals. Also, in childhood, there is a risk of developing laryngeal papillomatosis, which occurs in newborns. The development of the disease can occur if the mother had HPV and infected the child during childbirth.

In this case, papillomas affect the respiratory tract and appear directly in the throat, which creates breathing problems for the child. This condition is especially dangerous if swelling of the throat occurs, since the breathing process becomes significantly more difficult. Laryngeal papillomatosis - can result in suffocation if papillomas grow significantly.

Diagnostics

Diagnosis is usually carried out by a urologist or gynecologist, depending on the gender of the patient. Classic tests in the form of blood and urine are rarely prescribed, since their readings will be uninformative for diagnosing papillomavirus. To detect infection, the following studies are carried out:

1. PCR test. It is considered one of the most accurate ways to diagnose the presence of the virus. It is able not only to indicate its presence, but also, thanks to its high sensitivity, determines the strains present in the patient’s body. As a rule, the doctor prescribes an analysis for the most common and most dangerous strains that cause cancer. If the result is negative, but there are visible manifestations of the disease, repeat tests are prescribed to diagnose other strains.
2. Instrumental research. The specialist examines the patient using special instruments to determine the extent of damage to the internal organs by the virus. For men, this procedure is called urethroscopy (examination of the urethra), for women - colposcopy (examination of the cervix and vagina using a magnifying device). Colposcopy of the cervix
3. Biopsy. This procedure involves taking a piece of tissue for analysis. Most often it is carried out when oncology is suspected, since the diagnosis allows us to confirm or refute the presence of malignant cells in the material being studied.

Treatment

There are no specific treatments for HPV, but it is possible to get rid of the virus. For this, complex therapy is used, which includes a combination of drug therapy and surgical methods.

Conservative methods are the use of various medications designed to stop the proliferation of condylomas, as well as to support the patient’s immunity. For this purpose, drugs such as Panavir, Allokin-alpha, Isoprinosine, etc. are widely used. These drugs are available in different forms, but each has an immunomodulatory property necessary for a patient with HPV.

Drug treatment must be combined with surgical removal of all external manifestations of the virus, otherwise the effect of using drugs will be temporary.

Surgical treatment consists of various methods aimed at removing tumors. You should not try to remove them yourself, especially if we are talking about large growths. This can lead to traumatization of neoplasms, changes in the skin and infection in the wound.

Surgical methods include the following methods for removing papillomas:

• laser destruction;
• cryodestruction;
• surgical intervention;
• radio wave removal;
• electrocoagulation.

Laser and radio wave removal methods are considered the most progressive and less traumatic. They are good to use if the tumors are small to medium in size. For large growths, surgery is indicated.

It is important to remember that papillomavirus can be suppressed by developing a strong immune response. However, it is impossible to completely remove the virus from the body. Therefore, even after treatment, the patient must be observed by a doctor and tested for the presence of the virus once a year in order to prevent relapses and exacerbations.

Prevention

There are practically no specific methods for preventing HPV. The main way to prevent infection is to protect yourself with a condom during sexual intercourse.

It is advisable to choose this method of contraception even with a regular partner until both have been tested for the absence of STDs.

Various general strengthening agents and vitamin complexes that keep the immune system in good shape are also a good preventive measure.

Among the special methods of protection against infection, only the relatively new HPV vaccine stands out. However, it must be diagnosed before the onset of sexual activity in adolescence. If a person is already infected, the vaccine will not help them recover. The vaccine is indicated for use in both boys and girls, starting from 10-11 years of age.

Source: https://papillomus.ru/tipy-virusa/papillomavirusnaya-infektsiya/

How is HPV transmitted: basic concepts and routes of transmission

While not very transient, the virus is terrifying in its improvisation. In one moment, suppressing the body’s natural defenses, HPV can completely destroy a person. If you are already infected, then remember that you need to know your enemy by sight and be able to cope with the human papillomavirus in time.

Description of human papillomavirus

HPV is a pathogenic organism that can mutate DNA in cells and then cause abnormal proliferation of epithelial cells. Forming many benign tumors on the skin, HPV does not calm down.

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Depending on the strain of the disease present in the body, papillomas can remain benign for life or develop into a cancerous tumor within 5 years. HPV has about 200 strains.

When infected with highly oncogenic strains of papillomavirus, a large percentage of diseases such as cervical cancer, penile cancer, laryngeal cancer, vaginal or vulvar cancer, etc. occur.

How to recognize HPV?

If there are no external signs, then only with the help of diagnostics. PCR diagnostics provide the most accurate results. If there are external manifestations of the disease, then a scraping is taken or the papilloma is removed from the body and tests are performed using biomaterial. The following types of growths appear on the body:

1. Warts - appear on the extremities, firm to the touch, have a brown tint or slightly yellowish;
2. Papillomas are more delicate formations, soft to the touch, appear on the mucous membranes and skin;
3. Pointed or flat condylomas grow on the genitals.

If neoplasms similar in description appear, then you can begin diagnosis and then treatment.

What types of HPV are the most dangerous?

The first place among the distributors of oncogenic diseases is occupied by HPV type 52, followed by types 39, 35, 68, 59, 51, 58, 56, 45, 33, 31, 18, 16. The strains are arranged in descending order of oncogenicity.

Considering that from the moment HPV is introduced into the body and the appearance of external signs, a long period of time can pass - from six months or more.

If the immune system weakens, then the first growths on the skin will soon appear.

How is human papillomavirus transmitted?

It has long been known how papilloma is transmitted. Every four out of five people are carriers of HPV, but only 2 out of these 5 people are aware of their infection. As soon as the immune system weakens, HPV penetrates the upper layers of the skin and begins its negative impact.

Routes of transmission of the virus

Thus, there are 3 main routes of transmission of HPV:

1. Sexually: for any type of sex - foreplay, genital, anal, oral.
2. In everyday life: through touch, kiss, hug.
3. Self-infection is possible due to improper shaving or hair removal technology.

Penetrating into the body through mucous membranes or small wounds, the transmission of the papilloma virus remains invisible and the carrier will live quietly for a long time until his immunity fails. The likelihood of infection increases in the following cases:

1. Colds that cause a sharp deterioration in the immune system
2. If you have sexually transmitted diseases, it is easy to become infected with genital warts
3. Dysbiosis of the intestine or vagina can cause HPV to multiply on the surface of the epidermis
4. Stress is detrimental to the immune system, reducing protection, stress contributes to faster HPV infection
5. Chronic diseases prevent immunity from rising to the required level

Smokers are more likely than others to become infected with the human papillomavirus. Women who take combined contraceptive drugs are also at risk.

HPV types 16 and 18: transmission routes

These strains are transmitted only through sexual contact and it is extremely rare to become aware of infection through domestic contact. HPV types 16 and 18 are much more common than other strains and are considered extremely dangerous.

If a woman has genital warts on her genitals, she needs to urgently visit a doctor - these strains easily provoke malignant tumors, leading to cancer of the cervix, vulva, vagina and other unpleasant sores.

When a woman is exposed to 16 or 18 types, the likelihood of developing cervical cancer increases 50 times. Transmission of this type of papilloma virus to men is dangerous for the development of cancer of the penis, urethra and bladder.

How is HPV transmitted from men?

Unprotected sexual intercourse causes a woman to become infected from a man. In most cases, even a condom is not able to protect a woman from infection. When the genitals rub, condylomas on a man can be injured and transferred to a woman’s body through tiny cracks in the skin.

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If sex took place orally, and the woman has small cracks in her mouth, then she will again become a carrier of the human papillomavirus. Gay men are very susceptible to having HPV, since men are considered the main carriers of the infection, which is sexually transmitted.

How is HPV transmitted from a woman?

The same way - through any of the methods of sexual intercourse, but the risk of contracting HPV from a woman is 3 times lower than from a man.

Can HPV be passed on to a child?

If before pregnancy the mother did not bother to get tested for the presence of HPV in her body, then there is a huge risk that the child will be born already infected with the papillomatosis virus.

Sometimes rashes begin only during pregnancy - if it is possible to treat the infection, then you need to ask the doctor to prescribe the necessary medications. If condylomas are located on the genitals close to the birth canal, then in 95% of cases the child will be born with papillomavirus.

Which doctor should I contact if I have human papillomavirus?

If the rash is in the genital area, then you should visit a dermatovenerologist, urologist or gynecologist. If the tumor is abnormal in size, you should contact your oncologist directly.

If the rashes on the body are not colossal in size, then you will have to visit a dermatologist. If your health condition seems strange to him, he can write a referral to an immunologist to increase your immunity level.

How is HPV treated?

Under the age of 30, any strain of human papillomavirus infection is able to leave the body on its own - this is in the case of an increased state of immunity. But you should not hope for a miracle - visit a doctor and take all measures to eliminate the infection. If a person has a disorder in their sex life, then it is worth remembering that HPV is transmitted sexually.

HPV is treated comprehensively - by removing warts on the body, they try to strengthen the immune system with other drugs and combat the reappearance of skin growths. There are different types of therapy; your doctor will tell you about them in detail. If there are no contraindications, then several types of therapy will be used at once.

Unfortunately, remnants of the virus will always be present in the body and wait until the natural defenses weaken. HPV is never completely eliminated from the body, but by eliminating the external signs of the disease, you can not be afraid of the development of cancer cells. And timely diagnosis will help prevent the reappearance of papillomas on the body.

Human papillomavirus and folk remedies

Mistaking any growth for a harmless wart, a person can cause a lot of trouble by treating it with traditional methods. Without identifying the strain, treatment cannot be carried out. It is worth remembering that one of the signs of infection is contact made through everyday contact, which means at home.

If you choose the wrong method, you can worsen the condition of the epidermis and provoke abnormal growth of papillomas, which may very well develop into a cancerous tumor. Some people cannot be dragged to the doctor, they are not afraid of such complications and they are still confident in the effectiveness of these recipes:

1. Finely chop the garlic until juice appears and mix with baby cream. The resulting paste is applied to the papillomas before bedtime and removed in the morning. Repeat every night for a week until the root of the wart disappears.
2. Tea tree oil is dripped onto the papilloma. Treatment is continued for about a month until the growth completely disappears.
3. Juice from celandine is dripped onto the wart once a day, after a week even a large growth will come off.
4. The onion is cut into half rings, soaked in vinegar, then the onion ring is taken out of the essence and the cut is applied to the wart. Repeat 5-7 days 2 times a day.
5. Dried apricots, raisins, lemon and nut kernels are mixed in equal proportions and poured with boiling water. Leave for 3 days in a cool place. Then the resulting decoction can be drunk. It tastes like a vigorous compote, and the immune system will be delighted with such a vigorous source of energy.
6. Apple juice from green varieties helps remove small papillomas even from the surface of the face. To do this, squeeze the juice out of the apple and wipe the wart with a cotton swab soaked in the juice 2 times a day.

How to protect the body from the effects of HPV?

To protect yourself from the effects of papillomavirus, you must use preventive measures:

1. Once every 3 years, diagnose for the presence of HPV; after 65 years, it is enough to be uninfected 2 previous times to stop getting tested.
2. There is a possibility of vaccination. You need to check this with your doctor. There is a drug called Gardasil that can protect the body from the introduction of HPV.
3. Avoid diaper rash and excessive sweating.
4. Treat all injuries promptly to prevent infection.
5. Smoking must be eliminated from everyday life.
6. Regular physical exercise will strengthen your nerves and immunity.
7. Proper nutrition will be a source of additional nutrients.

Unfortunately, once infected with HPV, it is impossible to completely get rid of it, but adding another strain to the existing one is quite possible. Watch your immunity and don’t worry about trifles. The papilloma virus is transmitted easily, but is removed from the body with enormous difficulty.

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Source: https://chistoe-lico.online/kak-peredaetsja-vpch/

How papillomas are transmitted: routes of infection and transmission of HPV, treatment of the virus

Human papillomavirus infection (PVI) belongs to the group of anthroponotic pathogens (transmitted exclusively from person to person).

The route of infection is determined by several scenarios: through sexual contact, through blood, through household means (in the case of a latent form of the disease - “wart”).

Methods of infection

• As mentioned above, there are only three main methods of infection - through sexual contact, through blood, and through household contact.
• Penetrating through the protective barrier of the skin, mucous membranes, and circulatory system, HPV has an extremely negative effect on the patient’s health.
• Typically, a person experiences:

1. Constant weakness.
2. Feeling of nausea, heaviness in the hypochondrium.
3. Pain syndrome.
4. Problems with the urinary and reproductive systems (difficulty urinating, the appearance of sharp paroxysmal pain in the perineum).
5. Burning sensation in the groin area.

6. Dizziness due to frequent rise in body temperature.
7. General decrease in the body's protective functions (frequent colds, long recovery period after illness).
8. Skin itching, which is accompanied by the appearance of papilloma.

In order to recognize the presence of a viral infection and consult a doctor in time, it is necessary to take into account the prerequisites for the occurrence of this disease.

Prerequisites for infection

The most common prerequisites for the occurrence of HPV include:

1. Weakened immunity.
2. The presence of other chronic diseases that undermine the body's resistance to all kinds of external attacks.
3. We are talking about hepatitis, human immune deficiency (HIV), cardiovascular diseases, genetic developmental abnormalities, and rare hereditary forms of the disease.
4. Promiscuous sexual intercourse.
5. Unprotected sexual contact.
6. Infection from a loved one in everyday life: when using dishes, bed linen, towels, when kissing, hugging.
7. Use of public places of culture and recreation.
8. Visiting beauty salons.
9. Sharing personal products: combs, manicure accessories.

Important!

Timely vaccination will protect against the most aggressive types of the virus.

Transmission routes

The papilloma virus is transmitted through skin-to-skin contact, transplacentally (transplanted from contaminated surfaces), using cerebrospinal fluid (blood, saliva, sweat).

Therefore, if there is a sick person in the family, it is necessary to constantly treat all surfaces with a special antiseptic, follow strict rules regarding personal contacts and monitor the condition of the skin (even microcracks can become the initial area of ​​damage).

Is it possible to become infected with HPV through everyday contact?

Human papillomavirus infection is easily transmitted through shared objects, as well as through saliva. This should not be forgotten if there is a sick person in the house.

Distribution mechanism:

1. When kissing, hugging. With saliva and sweat, PVI passes from one person to another. This is possible due to the fact that the virus moves freely through the mucous membranes and is present in saliva and cerebrospinal fluid.
2. When using personal hygiene items belonging to the patient.
3. When shaking hands. Microtraumas of the skin can be excellent conductors of infection.
4. When using shared utensils.
5. When transferring things or objects from an infected person to a healthy person (this type of infection is very resistant to the influence of environmental factors).

Can you get HPV through sexual contact?

Since mucous membranes, skin and their derivatives (secretions, blood vessels, saliva) are carriers of genetic material, you can become infected with human papillomavirus through sexual contact; as well as when using public baths and saunas.

Transmission mechanism:

1. Directly during sexual intercourse (this especially applies to oral and anal sex).
2. When using shared showers, baths, saunas. Without proper antiseptic and antibacterial treatment, such places are breeding grounds for all kinds of infections.
3. When using underwear and partner's clothing (especially for women who like to wear men's shirts, T-shirts, shorts, family pants).

Is the virus transmitted from mother to child?

Transmission of infection from mother to child is called “vertical transplantation”. This type of transmission of the papilloma virus is one of the most dangerous, as it injures the child’s body and his intellect.

After undergoing HPV, especially in the early stages (1 trimmeter), doctors insist on an abortion for medical reasons.

Autoinfection

Self-infection is only possible if untreated hygiene products are used. For example: razors, toothbrushes, nail scissors and similar items.

With this form of transmission of the papilloma virus, the patient does not feel discomfort for a long time and leads a normal lifestyle. And when the first symptoms of the disease appear (which are very similar to banal overwork), he ignores them without consulting a doctor.

What types of HPV are the most dangerous?

The most dangerous types of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) include types 16 and 18. They have strains that provoke the appearance of malignant neoplasms - cancerous tumors that, as they grow, can give metastases.

The most common manifestation of the impact of the virus strain is the occurrence of diseases such as: cervical cancer, infertility, pulmonary and bronchial changes, acute lack of immunoglobulins.

Note! Cervical cancer can only occur due to the most aggressive form of the virus. Most papillomas are not dangerous.

Diagnostics

A number of the most complex hardware techniques help to detect the presence of the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) in the body.

• Colposcopy. A colposcope is a medical device that allows you to accurately determine changes in the mucous membranes of the genitourinary system: detect inflammation, damage and the spread of viruses, fungal bacteria. Its use to determine the presence of HPV in the body is used to definitively confirm the diagnosis. This device is capable of: under 30x magnification, find the source of inflammation, determine its nature, take a scraping directly in the affected area.
• PCR examination. This laboratory method represents a differential diagnosis of this type of disease. PCR makes it difficult to determine the type of virus, but also the route of infection. To carry out this analysis, the collection of biomaterial is required: blood, urine, sperm.
• Digene test. A modern diagnostic technique based on separating a small area of ​​the affected skin for study. Using this approach, medical specialists can say 100% what type of virus is present in the body, what its concentration is, whether it is in a reactive form, and what antiviral drugs are sensitive to.
• Cytology. It is the study of a problem at the cellular level. To do this, the top layer of papilloma is removed and a separate section of the mucous membrane is taken. Using a super-powerful microscope and a basic set of reagents, laboratory assistants study the behavior of the virus, its effect on the body (they make a prognosis), and the degree of damage to the internal systems of the body.
• Histological diagnosis. The purpose of this technique is to study morphological changes in tissues. The material for the study is taken using a biopsy.

Treatment

Treatment of Human Papilloma Virus involves strict adherence to sexual abstinence, the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, immunomodulatory drugs, a vitamin complex, and drugs to reduce the effect of the virus on the body.

Healthy people’s access to personal belongings, hygiene products, dishes and bedding should also be limited. If malignant neoplasms caused by a virus appear, corrective treatment or surgery is carried out with a long period of rehabilitation.

Ways to prevent the disease

The main ways to prevent HPV are:

• Compliance with the rules of sanitary provision of living space.
• Use of contraceptives.
• Monitoring your own health from specialized specialists.
• Use personal hygiene products strictly for their intended purpose, without transferring them to third parties.
• No trips to places with an increased risk of infection: baths, saunas, swimming pools, water parks, massage and beauty salons.
• Protecting the skin from interaction with a large number of external factors.
• Protecting your own health by isolating yourself from people who are sick with any infectious viral diseases or skin diseases.

It is simply impossible to cope with a complex viral infection on your own. Medical control and timely seeking qualified help from a wide group of specialists will be the very first and most serious step to combat the existing problem.

If such a problem occurs in one of your family members, you should immediately undergo routine diagnostics and follow all doctor’s instructions to avoid the spread of the virus. In addition, we should not forget to take precautions that will help prevent infection.



Source: https://vseopapillome.com/papillomy/kak-peredayutsya.html

How is the human papillomavirus transmitted: routes of HPV infection

Papillomavirus is one of the most common infections affecting any age group. The danger is the combination of infection manifestations with the development of oncology. To avoid infection, you need to know how HPV is transmitted.

Routes of transmission of human papillomavirus

Papillomavirus is an infection that is found everywhere, this is due to its high contagiousness, the variety of types of virus, and the ability to remain unharmed in the environment, being in exfoliated keratinized cells of the epidermis. The disease remains in the body without manifestations; a person does not suspect for a long time that he is a carrier of HPV. The virus is dangerous because some types have an oncogenic risk and are associated with cancer.

Human papillomavirus has many different routes of infection and transmission involving direct contact.

Sexual intercourse

According to research, the main route of transmission of genital HPV is sexual contact. Both men and women can be carriers of HPV. When infected during sexual intercourse without a condom with a virus carrier, the pathogen penetrates the basal layer of stratified squamous epithelium and infects cells.

It can be in an episomal state, not integrated into the genome of the host cell, or in an integrated (built-in) state. HPV is in the epidermis in an inactive state. Despite the absence of clinical symptoms, the likelihood of infecting a partner remains.

During sexual intercourse, microtraumas of the mucous membrane occur, which contributes to the release of the pathogen to the surface and infection of the partner.

When condylomas appear, the infectiousness increases. The cells contain mature viral particles that bud out onto the surface of the mucous membrane or skin. Condylomas are dangerous, they are sources of HPV.

The occurrence of condylomas is typical for HPV genotypes 6 and 11. They are found in 70% of cases of visits to gynecology.

Growths due to this transmission mechanism have a characteristic localization in the intimate area:

• external, internal genitalia;
• anal area;
• mucous membrane of the oral cavity.

In men, the head, foreskin, and external opening of the urethra are affected. In women - the outer and inner labia, vagina, perineum, perianal area.

Removal of genital warts is an important stage of treatment that should not be neglected.

Household way

You can become infected with HPV in everyday life.

It is typical for vulgar warts, for which the place of appearance is the fingers, periungual ridges, the outer surface of the hands, the forearm, the face, and other parts of the body. Family members of the sick person (parents, children) are affected.

The papillomavirus gets to another person when using shared hygiene products (towel, shoes), shaking hands, wearing the same clothes, hugging.

There is a chance of infecting others when visiting crowded places. This applies to swimming pools, saunas, baths, where the risk of HPV transmission is high.

Through a kiss

Sometimes any type of HPV is transmitted through an ordinary kiss, affecting the mucous membranes of the mouth and facial skin. Types 6 and 11 most often affect the mouth. They are found in 90% of cases with genital warts. Strains 2, 16, 18, 33 may occur, with varying degrees of oncogenicity.

Saliva contains infected exfoliated epithelium. During a kiss, part of the skin enters the other person's body. Transmission of infection occurs. Violation of the integrity of the mucous membrane contributes to infection. Minor injuries that occur during brushing teeth or eating hot, rough foods are not noticed in the oral cavity. This disrupts the local protection of biological barriers.

From mother to child

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Source: https://VashaDerma.ru/hpv/peredaetsya