One of the most common diseases faced by a large number of women is mastopathy. This disease has a tendency to become malignant, and therefore requires timely diagnosis and treatment. Treatment for this disease can be carried out in two forms. Let's consider the features of drug effects in more detail.
Causes of the disease
- Hormonal imbalance (often occurs due to dysfunction of the woman’s internal genital organs).
- Stress and nervousness.
- Absence of childbirth until the age of thirty.
- Endocrine diseases.
- Physical trauma to the breast.
- Inflammatory processes in the ovaries.
- Abortion.
There are quite a few factors contributing to the development of the disease in women.
New growths in the mammary gland in women are divided into several types:
- Diffuse.
- Cystic.
- Fibrocystic.
- Fibromatous.
Treatment of mastopathy
First of all, a woman will have to change her lifestyle and give up bad habits, if any. Next, specialists will select medications to stabilize the body’s hormonal levels.
In addition, to improve the favorable environment in the mammary glands and for the body as a whole, a woman will need to constantly consume a number of vitamins:
- Vitamins A, B, C, E1, D.
- Fruits and vegetables containing iodine, magnesium, potassium, calcium, selenium, indoles.
If there is constant aching pain in the mammary gland or with a confirmed diagnosis of fibrocystic mastopathy, medications with a stronger effect are prescribed.
That is, usually when treated with such drugs, a woman is constantly under the supervision of specialists in the field of mammology and oncology.
In rare cases, surgery may be necessary to treat breast disease.
Mastopathy in women is a progressive disease, the treatment of which should not be postponed until later. If not treated in a timely manner, the disease can progress to a more complex form, which can ultimately lead to adverse consequences.
However, it is worth considering that self-treatment of breast disease can also harm the body. Based on this, it is worth seeking help from qualified doctors who will individually select the optimal and effective treatment for each woman. In addition, before starting treatment for mastopathy, it is necessary to undergo a thorough examination.
In order for a specialist to make an accurate and final diagnosis, he prescribes certain tests:
- Primary examination by palpation.
- Visit to the gynecologist. It is necessary to check the ovaries to make sure that the internal genital organs are not the source of the disease.
- Visit to an endocrinologist. Necessary to detect the source of disease in a given area, if present.
- Examination of the mammary glands using ultrasound. Determines the type and size of the tumor.
- Taking tests.
Drug treatment of mastopathy in women
Treatment of breast disease in women can be divided into several types:
- Drug treatment of the disease.
- Surgical treatment (implies surgical intervention).
Surgical intervention is performed extremely rarely and only for the following types of this disease:
- For nodular mastopathy.
- For cystic mastopathy (In some cases, a puncture is performed).
If endocrine or sexual diseases that accompany mastopathy are detected in the patient, therapy is carried out jointly with a therapist, gynecologist and endocrinologist. Typically, the method of treating breast disease, developed during the Soviet Union, in practice is only 65-70% effective.
The use of such modern medicines as Wobenzym, Mastodinon, Progestogel increases the effectiveness of therapy in the early stages of development. However, these drugs are ineffective against fibrocystic mastopathy
Experienced specialists are the first to identify and treat the original source of the disease, and only then the mastopathy itself. This is due to the fact that the root cause of the disease will greatly complicate the treatment of the mammary glands.
If the root cause is a gynecological disease, then depending on the form of the disease, the attending physician prescribes hormonal medications.
But with fibrocystic and nodular mastopathy, hormonal agents have little effect on the disease.
Hormone therapy
If an increased background is detected, such types of mastopathy as fibrous and cystic are treated with the following hormonal agents:
- Histogenic agents.
- Agents for suppressing prolactin and synthesis.
- Drugs that suppress the production of the steroid hormone estrogen.
It is worth remembering that when breast disease is detected, self-medication with hormonal drugs is strictly prohibited.
Hormonal contraceptives are most often used. These treatments can only be prescribed by a highly qualified doctor. In addition, when taking oral hormonal contraceptives, a woman should be under the supervision of an experienced specialist, since such a drug can cause side effects.
Hormonal contraceptives can be used in complex therapy, which significantly increases the effectiveness of treatment.
At a more advanced stage of the disease, the specialist prescribes stronger hormonal agents for treatment (Orgametril, Norkolut, etc.
), which will be more effective in reducing tumors that have arisen in the mammary glands. But when taking such drugs, the attending physician must constantly monitor the patient’s hormonal levels.
For women whose age does not exceed 30-35 years, the following oral combined hormonal contraceptives (progesterone-estrogen or gestagen-estrogen) are used, such as:
- Femoden.
- Marvelot.
- Celeste.
- Mercilon.
Danazol is used to treat diffuse mastopathy. The effectiveness of this drug for the treatment of breast disease is approximately 80%, and the result is already noticeable a month after starting treatment.
In order for formations and lumps to disappear completely, it is necessary to use hormonal agents for 4 to 6 months.
If during breastfeeding the level of prolactin is quite high and it is accompanied by the disappearance of milk, then “Parpodel” is prescribed.
However, the use of such drugs should last no more than three months, after which it is necessary to take a break. In addition, long-term use can disrupt hormonal levels and lead to side effects.
Today, for the treatment of diseases of the mammary glands, the product for external use “Progestotel 1%” has proven itself to be excellent. This product has a plant base and is similar to endogenous species.
Non-hormonal treatment
Non-hormonal treatment methods include special diets, the use of vitamins, anti-inflammatory and diuretics, which help improve blood flow and remove excess hormones from the body. Non-hormonal anti-inflammatory drugs are usually used in the treatment of diffuse mastopathy.
The use of medications for mastopathy, such as Brufen and Indomethacin, in the second phase of the menstrual cycle helps reduce pain, lumps and swelling.
For glandular mastopathy, a drug such as Mastodinon is used, which effectively reduces tumors in the mammary gland. In addition, this drug is intended for long-term use with concomitant drugs that have a sedative effect on the body.
In addition to sedatives and vitamins, experienced doctors recommend the use of adaptogens for the treatment of mastopathy (Rhodiola rosea, Eleutherococcus, etc.). The duration of use is 3-4 months, after which it is necessary to take a break. You can do only 4 such techniques, after which you can completely abandon such medications.
For more effective treatment, it is recommended to exclude the following foods from the diet:
- Bakery products.
- Jams, jams, honey, sugar, and other sweets.
- Spicy and salty foods.
- Fried fatty foods.
- Avoid smoking and drinking alcohol.
These products should not be taken at all if mastopathy was caused by endocrine diseases, in particular inflammation of the thyroid gland.
Surgical method of treatment
If nodular mastopathy is detected, treatment may not be possible without surgery. During surgical intervention, all formations are removed from the woman’s breast. After surgery, an additional complex of treatment is carried out to restore the breast, which makes it possible to avoid the recurrence of the disease in the future.
A disease such as mastopathy is quite dangerous. There are quite a lot of different drugs for the treatment of mastopathy. However, treatment should be selected by a specialist on an individual basis. Correctly selected treatment will help you quickly get rid of the disease and maintain the health of the mammary glands.
Source: https://grud03.ru/bolezni/mastopatiya/lechenie-preparatyi.html
Mastopathy - symptoms, types, treatment - MOGBUZ Polyclinic No. 2
Mastopathy occurs in 75% of women. After 40 years, it is detected more often than in young girls.
Are mastopathy and mastitis the same thing?
- low immunity;
- lactostasis (stagnation of milk during breastfeeding);
complicated postpartum period;- hormonal disorders.
Mastopathy is a pathology that manifests itself as a change in the structure of the breast and is accompanied by the formation of nodules. 80% of cases of the disease are caused by hormonal imbalances. There are no signs of inflammation - no local increase in temperature, no redness of the skin.
Causes of mastopathy
Mastopathy also develops among men and is called gynecomastia. Causes of breast hypertrophy in men:
- genetic pathologies;
- thyrotoxicosis;
- hormone-producing tumors;
- metabolic syndrome;
- liver and kidney failure;
- deficiency of sex hormones (hypogonadism);
- starvation;
- taking medications (antibiotics, cardiac glycosides, antihypertensive drugs, antidepressants, sedatives);
- drug use.
The main causes of mastopathy in women are disorders in which the level of estrogen, prolactin, progesterone, and somatotropic hormone changes.
Hormonal imbalance in isolation does not cause rapid changes in breast structure. The development of mastopathy is promoted by:
early puberty with a sharp change in hormonal levels;- miscarriages, abortions, absence of pregnancy and childbirth during life;
- a woman’s refusal to breastfeed or unnatural completion of lactation;
- gynecological pathologies (lack of ovulation, menstrual cycle, endometriosis, uterine fibroids);
- congestion in the pelvis;
- breast injuries, wearing a tight bra;
- inflammation in the chest;
- the likelihood of mastopathy increases significantly during menopause;
- endocrine disorders due to stress;
- pathologies of the adrenal glands;
- iodine deficiency;
- liver diseases;
- obesity;
- tumors of the pituitary gland and hypothalamus;
- age after 35 years;
- bad habits;
- hereditary factors;
- uncontrolled use of hormonal contraceptives (birth control pills can be used as prescribed by a gynecologist after examination);
- nervous disorders.
Types and signs of mastopathy, photos
Main complaints with mastopathy:
chest pain;- engorgement of the mammary glands (mastodynia), formation of nodules;
- constant or periodic discharge from the nipples - secretion of different colors (gray, brown, milky), transparent or cloudy.
Due to venous stagnation, the breasts enlarge and become hypersensitive. Palpation is painful. Mastodynia is accompanied by enlargement of the axillary lymph nodes. The same thing happens with oncology, but with mastopathy, the symptoms disappear after menstruation.
If there is blood in the discharge, you should immediately undergo examination.
Symptoms of mastopathy depend on its type. There are diffuse and nodular forms.
Diffuse mastopathy is classified into:
- adenosis – the glandular component predominates;
- fibroadenomatosis – characterized by a predominance of the fibrous component;
- mastopathy with a cystic component;
- fibrocystic form;
- sclerosing adenosis.
How does the chest hurt with mastopathy?
Pain due to mastopathy is called mastalgia. It is associated with irritation of the nerve endings in the mammary gland and tissue swelling. The pain is characterized by cyclicity (depending on the menstrual cycle). It is maximum 2-3 days before menstruation, after which it disappears on its own. The intensity depends on age. Until the age of 40 it progresses, after 50 years it may disappear.
The pain with mastopathy is aching, shooting, stabbing. There is heaviness in the chest and discomfort when touched. Unpleasant sensations radiate to the armpits, under the shoulder blade, the upper outer quadrant of the gland, to the sternum, which imitates cardiac disorders. In 10% of cases the pain is constant. There are painless forms of the disease.
If one mammary gland hurts, cancer should be excluded. If the pain loses its cyclical nature, this is considered an unfavorable sign, especially when combined with symptoms: breast asymmetry, changes in the shape of the nipple, swelling of the skin in the form of a “lemon peel”.
Why is mastopathy dangerous?
All structural changes in the breast are subject to careful diagnosis. The patient’s complaints, palpation data, ultrasound, puncture and mammography are taken into account. All women over 45 years old, when visiting a gynecologist, have their mammary glands examined.
Mastopathy is dangerous because it significantly increases the risk of breast cancer.
Tumor lesions begin with a dense formation in the thickness of the mammary gland. It can be detected by normal palpation. In the early stages, the pain is absent or insignificant, intensifying before menstruation.
Only when the skin of the breast becomes red, changes in the shape of the glands, enlarged lymph nodes and secretions appear from the nipples do women consult a doctor. In this case, inoperable cancer with metastases is already diagnosed.
The nodular form of mastopathy often degenerates into a tumor, so it is important to identify the disease in time and carry out treatment in the early stages, which will increase the chances of recovery. Less complex complications of mastopathy are constant relapses, accompanied by pain, worsening the quality of life, leading to stress.
How to treat mastopathy?
Depending on the type of mastopathy, treatment is divided into conservative and surgical.
Conservative therapy is used for diffuse forms. Its main task is to restore hormonal levels, regulate the proper functioning of the ovaries and pituitary gland, since these are common causes of the development of compactions. Treatment of gynecological diseases, normalization of the liver and nervous system are mandatory. This is done with medication.
Surgical treatment is carried out for nodular mastopathy. Its essence lies in surgical removal of the node followed by immunotherapy.
Pharmacological therapy. Medicines for mastopathy: tablets, ointments, creams
Medicines used for mastopathy are divided into groups:
- antibiotics - prescribed for concomitant inflammation after chest injuries or against the background of advanced sexually transmitted diseases (Maxipim, Movisar);
- non-hormonal remedies - homeopathic medicines, vitamins C, E, beta-carotene, preparations with iodine and antioxidants, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (help quickly relieve pain), sedatives and drugs that improve blood circulation and liver function;
hormonal drugs - drugs that suppress the secretion of prolactin (Lactodel, Serocriptin, Bromkreptin-Richter, Bromergon), luteinizing and follicle-stimulating hormone (Danoval or Danol), progestin drugs (Orgametril, Micronor, Utrozhestan or Progestogel).
Mastopathy is effectively treated with combined oral contraceptives.
A list of popular drugs for the treatment of mastopathy is given in the table.
Pharmacological groupName of the drug (release form)Principle of actionFeatures of useContraindications
| Vitamins | Vetoron (drops) | Multivitamin complex, has antioxidant, radioprotective, immunostimulating, anti-inflammatory effects | Used for treatment and preventive purposes | Individual intolerance |
| Homeopathic | Mastodinon (drops) | Reduces the secretion of progesterone, normalizes the amount of estrogen, eliminates inflammation, pain and swelling, reduces the likelihood of cancerous degeneration | Treatment of mastopathy in women after 40 years, contains ethanol, therefore harmful for patients with alcohol dependence | Pregnancy, lactation, age under 18 years, prescribed with caution for pituitary disorders |
| Iodine preparations | Iodomarin (tablets for mastopathy containing potassium iodide 100 and 200 mcg) | Reduces the manifestations of mastopathy due to an imbalance of thyroid hormones | Suitable for long-term use, requires control of the secretory activity of the thyroid gland | Individual intolerance, hyperthyroidism, thyroid adenoma |
| Antioxidants | Synergin (capsules) | Normalizes hormonal levels, the functioning of the immune system, reduces inflammation, engorgement and soreness of the mammary glands, improves microcirculation | Used as a dietary supplement | Pregnancy, lactation, age up to 12 years |
| Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs | Indomethacin (capsules or rectal suppositories) | Reduces pain and swelling, promotes the resorption of lumps in the chest | Treatment of mastopathy is carried out in the second phase of the menstrual cycle (with a diffuse form), it causes dizziness | Stomach and intestinal ulcers, bronchial asthma, pregnancy, lactation |
| Calming | Persen | Strengthens the nervous system, has a positive effect on the dynamics of mastopathy treatment | Enhances the effect of sleeping pills, antispasmodics and analgesics | Individual sensitivity, severe hypotension, depression, bronchial asthma |
| Products that improve microcirculation | Livicin (drops) | Eliminates venous congestion, promotes the resorption of compactions | Treatment begins with small doses, gradually increasing the daily volume | Tendency to allergies, pregnancy, lactation |
| Hormones that inhibit prolactin secretion | Bromkreptin-Richter (tablets) | Affects the functioning of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland, reduces the size of cysts | Used only after cancer has been excluded | Pregnancy (the drug is approved up to 8 weeks) |
| Follicle-stimulating and luteinizing hormone inhibitors | Danol (tablets) | Suppresses the formation of gonadotropic hormones | Prescribed for children with premature puberty, adults with benign formations in the chest, taken up to 6 months | Epilepsy, diabetes mellitus, severe forms of renal failure |
| Gestagens | Norkolut (tablets) | Reduces the manifestations of fibrocystic mastopathy | Taken in courses, before use a biopsy is done to rule out cancer | Pregnancy, thrombosis, migraine, diabetes, severe liver damage, hypersensitivity, vaginal bleeding of unknown origin |
| Progestogel (gel) | Additional therapeutic local effect | Apply to the breasts daily for a month, apply 1-2 doses (apply using a special spatula-dispenser), for concomitant menstrual disorders, combine with oral progesterone | Nodular mastopathy of the mammary glands, cancerous tumors, hypersensitivity | |
| Combined oral contraceptives | Marvelon (tablets) | Reduces estrogen levels, eliminates the symptoms of fibrocystic mastopathy | Used by women under 35 years of age | Thrombosis, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, migraines, pancreatitis, pregnancy |
Diet for mastopathy
Proper nutrition for mastopathy is an important part of complex treatment - it helps eliminate pain, promotes the resorption of lumps, reduces the risk of breast cancer, and maintains normal weight.
For mastopathy, you should always eat:
- black bread;
- seafood and fish;
- legumes, soybeans;
- unrefined olive and flaxseed oil;
- dairy products;
- beets, carrots, pumpkin, apples;
- lean meats.
You can't eat:
- hot sauces, mustard, mayonnaise;
- canned vegetables, fruits;
- smoked, salty dishes;
- fat sour cream;
- chocolate, ice cream, pastries;
- fish, meat broths;
- pasta and semolina;
- white cabbage.
It is not recommended to drink sweet carbonated water, black tea, or coffee.
Breast massage
For mastopathy, massage is prescribed after consultation with a doctor, since in certain clinical cases it is dangerous. Stroking, warming up, kneading, and vibration are acceptable. During the procedure, you should not use alcohol-containing products (they promote the growth of lumps). It is better to massage the breasts with mastopathy using natural oils.
Massage of the mammary glands improves blood circulation, relieves pain, reduces swelling, and improves emotional state. Prohibited after injuries, malignant breast lesions and high fever.
Back massage for mastopathy contributes to the spread of pathology in the mammary glands, so it is prohibited to do it yourself at home. In some cases, the mammologist assesses the patient’s condition and decides on the possibility of such therapy.
Is it possible to sunbathe with mastopathy?
You can go to the sea and sunbathe in moderation if the formations are not subject to proliferative growth. In this case, the mammary glands should be covered from direct sunlight, and should not be on the beach from 12 to 15 o’clock in the afternoon. For cystic mastopathy and intense pain, it is better to avoid sunbathing.
Is it possible to reduce or enlarge breasts with mastopathy?
Mammoplasty is not an absolute contraindication, but the possibility of its implementation is considered individually. Breast augmentation is carried out after removal of the seals and their histological examination. If possible, benign nodes are removed during surgery.
When you need to reduce your breasts, reduction mammoplasty is performed. The conditions for its implementation are age after 30 years, there has already been pregnancy and childbirth, there are no malignant tumors.
Mastopathy and pregnancy
Is it possible to get pregnant with mastopathy? Breast pathology develops against the background of polycystic ovary syndrome, endometrial hyperplasia, endometriosis and thyroid dysfunction. These diseases affect fertility. Mastopathy is their consequence and has no direct effect on conception.
Mastopathy during pregnancy may disappear on its own due to hormonal changes. Lactation without complications also has a positive effect on the structure of the mammary glands, especially with fibrotic changes.
In case of mastopathy, it is important to diagnose in time, exclude a malignant process, eliminate provoking factors, and treat diseases that disrupt the balance of hormones. Only then can it be completely cured and relapses of the disease prevented.
Source:
Signs and symptoms of mammary gland mastopathy - diagnosis, treatment with medications and folk remedies
Content
Source: https://gp2.su/produkty-pitaniya/mastopatiya-simptomy-vidy-lechenie.html
Hormonal imbalance in mastopathy
Mastopathy can affect women of different age groups.
Girls are most often diagnosed with diffuse mastopathy, and women during menopause suffer from the appearance of cysts of various shapes and sizes in the mammary glands.
The appearance of mastopathy in most cases is associated with hormonal disorders in the body, due to which the amount of estrogen decreases and the amount of progesterone increases.
In the article we will talk about hormonal mastopathy, what it is, what the symptoms are and how to treat the disease.
What is hormonal mastopathy in women? The most common pathology is dishormonal mastopathy of the mammary glands. This type of disease is also called diffuse or hormonal mastopathy.
This may be due to problems of the endocrine system or diseases of the ovaries.
Most often, women of childbearing age suffer from the disease, but during menopause this disease is also quite common. In women, there is an imbalance in the production of hormones such as estrogen and progesterone.
Even the slightest change in the body towards decrease or increase can cause mastopathy. Prolactin also plays an important role in the development of the disease. Its increase in the body can lead to the formation of lumps, nodes or cysts in the mammary glands.
There are a number of factors that have a negative effect on the mammary glands and provoke mastopathy.
These include:
- genetic predisposition;
-
diseases of the endocrine system; - disruption of hormones;
- frequent abortions;
- taking contraceptives;
- gynecological diseases.
Women who experience early menstruation or menopause are also at risk. Those who gave birth after 30 years and those who refused to breastfeed the child. Metabolic disorders can also contribute to the appearance of dishormonal mastopathy.
The symptoms of this type of mastopathy are practically no different from other varieties.
In women and girls with dishormonal mastopathy, the following manifestations are observed::
- Pain in the mammary glands.
- The skin of the chest becomes lumpy.
- The lymph nodes in the armpits are enlarged.
- Due to congestion, the breasts swell.
- Upon visual examination, asymmetry of the glands is observed.
- The skin on the nipples may peel off and cracks may also appear.
- When pressing on the nipples, fluid may be released.
The first examination of the patient is carried out by a gynecologist or mammologist. At the appointment, the doctor palpates the mammary glands to identify the presence of lumps. A survey is conducted to collect the necessary information. If the doctor suspects mastopathy, the woman is referred to other diagnostic measures.
This may include:
- Ultrasound . The procedure will allow you to determine the presence of various types of lumps and tumors in the breast. The equipment monitor displays the structure of the breast, its condition and the presence of pathologies. An ultrasound will detect the presence of tumors in the breast and determine their location. If during the examination there is a suspicion of a cancerous tumor, the woman is referred for a biopsy.
Mammography . This method allows you to obtain more reliable information about the condition of the mammary glands. On x-rays you can not only see lumps, but also determine whether they are cancerous. - Cytological examination . This method allows you to take diseased breast tissue and study its condition under a microscope at the cellular level. This type of procedure will accurately confirm the diagnosis and the presence of cancerous tumors, if any.
The danger of this type of mastopathy is that if not treated in a timely manner, it can develop into a cancerous form. Therefore, despite a thorough examination, a mammologist or gynecologist, to be on the safe side, recommends that women consult an oncologist.
You should not be afraid of this, since the doctor will conduct additional research to make sure whether there are cancerous tumors or not. This is especially true for advanced forms of mastopathy. An oncologist should also be visited if a woman has cystic or focal formations.
The doctor prescribes medications for the patient with dishormonal mastopathy aimed at normalizing hormonal levels. They should have an estrogenic, progestogenic and slightly androgenic effect. It is worth considering high levels of prolactin. The most effective drugs are :
Drugs are prescribed only when tested for hormones. For external use, you can use a gel with natural progesterone “Progestogel”.
- Klimadinon;
- Klamin;
- Mastodinon.
For advanced forms of dishormonal mastopathy, only surgical intervention is indicated.
The condition of the mammary glands is greatly influenced by hormonal imbalance during mastopathy. Therefore, women at risk should undergo hormone testing periodically from the age of 30.
You can find more information on this topic in the Varieties section.
Source: https://sklad-kotlov.ru/mastopatiya/gormonalnyy-disbalans-pri-mastopatii/
Hormonal imbalance and mastopathy – Mastopathy
Worldwide, only 20% of women do not face the problem of pathological growth of breast tissue. From the onset of puberty, a woman’s body begins to undergo continuous hormonal changes, which stop only some time after menopause. Breast tissue is constantly under the influence of these changes. When there is a hormonal imbalance, a benign disease of the mammary gland occurs - mastopathy.
Types of mastopathy
Diffuse mastopathy is the initial stage and has several varieties, which are determined by the ratio of the glandular, connective tissue components and adipose tissue in the neoplasm. More often found in a mixed form, including all components.
The glandular diffuse form (adenoma) is characterized by compaction of part or all of the breast due to the proliferation of mammary gland lobules. The compaction, smoothly transitioning into neighboring tissues, does not have clear boundaries. Young women are more susceptible to it; it is accompanied by breast tenderness before menstruation.
Cystic diffuse mastopathy is more common among women over 45 years of age. It is characterized by cyst formations in the spaces of the milk tubes, one or multiple, on both mammary glands. The size of the cyst, in some cases reaches several centimeters.
This form of the disease is accompanied by painful sensations, especially severe during the premenstrual period. Despite the fact that the formations have an elastic consistency, there is a high risk of calcification of large cysts, which can serve as a favorable background for the development of cancer.
Women during menopause are more likely to experience fibrous mastopathy. In this form of the disease, the interlobular connective tissues are subject to significant changes, as a result the lumen of the gland duct narrows. On palpation, homogeneous compactions are very clearly palpable, and this form is accompanied by constant pain.
Nodular mastopathy - also refers to benign changes, as a rule, develops against the background of a diffuse form of mastopathy. Considered as a precancerous process.
It is characterized by the formation of cysts and nodes, single or multiple, and manifests itself with all the signs of diffuse mastopathy, but, in comparison, the pain is more severe and persistent, can radiate to the armpit or shoulder, and upon palpation, lobulation and granularity are clearly felt. Histological examination for the presence of cancer cells is mandatory.
Symptoms of mastopathy
Mastopathy most often affects people aged 25-40 years, although women of all ages are susceptible to this disease. The disease significantly affects the general well-being of a woman, manifesting itself as soreness of the mammary gland during the premenstrual and menstrual periods, sometimes accompanied by heavy, painful (in some cases intermenstrual) bleeding, and increased nervousness.
Swelling of the breast appears; lumps of various sizes and shapes are easily palpable, periodically appearing or constant. In some cases, when pressure is applied to the nipple, a discharge that is light, greenish, dark, or bloody in color appears, which may indicate cancer or a precancerous condition of the breast.
Why is diagnosis in the early stages important? Despite the fact that in mastopathy the formations in the mammary gland are benign, and in most cases may not bother you until the age of 30, over time the disease begins to progress, and any pathology can serve as an excellent springboard for the development of cancer.
If, during a home, self-examination, even weak lumps were found, or if discomfort was simply noticed in the area of the mammary glands, it is necessary to urgently consult a doctor for diagnosis. Regular visits to a mammologist are especially important for women over 45 years of age. In the early stages, the disease can be successfully treated, so you should see a doctor as early as possible.
In addition, breast disease can accompany such female diseases as: cyst, polycystic disease, all kinds of ovarian tumors, inflammation of the appendages, cervical erosion, inflammation and uterine fibroids. Therefore, if you suspect any female disease, in conjunction with a gynecologist, you must also undergo an examination by a mammologist.
Pathologies of the adrenal glands, diseases of the thyroid gland, all CTG-secreting tumors and other hormone-dependent tumor diseases affect the development of mastopathy. For such diseases, regular visits to a mammologist are necessary.
Internal processes The occurrence of the disease is directly related to changes in hormonal levels. Hormones, important biologically active substances, are produced by the body to regulate the development and proper functioning of organs and systems. Hormonal imbalance leads to various diseases.
The development of mastopathy is caused by a lack of production of progesterone - the hormone of the corpus luteum of the ovary and an excess of production of estrogen - a hormone necessary for the proper functioning of the reproductive system, which is produced by the ovaries and adrenal glands. Prolactin plays an important role in the occurrence of the disease and its development, which regulates the development of the mammary gland and the growth processes occurring in it.
What leads to hormonal imbalance and can cause the development of mastopathy:
- First of all, taking for treatment or contraception any synthetic hormonal drugs, as well as antidepressants, barbiturates, some anti-tuberculosis, sugar-lowering and acid-lowering drugs that actively affect the production of estrogen. Artificial hormones can do the same with food, since hormone-containing preparations are actively used in modern meat and poultry production.
- Infectious diseases, a general decrease in immunity and thyroid diseases, as well as disorders in the liver, intestines and biliary tract, which contribute to a natural decrease in estrogen.
- Prolonged contact with chemicals, especially phthalates, which are found in paint and plastic products, detergents in large quantities, as well as insecticides, which are contained in insect control products.
- Deficiency of vitamins and minerals is unacceptable for the normal functioning of the body. The production of enzymes that participate in all biochemical processes and regulate metabolism decreases.
- Obesity greatly affects hormonal levels, since adipose tissue contains large amounts of enzymes that increase estrogen.
- Significant changes in hormonal levels occur with excessive consumption of alcohol, smoking, lack of physical activity, or, conversely, with sudden excessive exercise. Tanning and traveling to hot countries, which are now fashionable, can also affect your health. Prolonged emotional stress and depression, emotional overload, also contribute to the development of the disease.
- Termination of pregnancy, short breastfeeding or no breastfeeding at all increases the chances of encountering a serious breast problem.
Diagnosis and treatment of mastopathy
Diagnosis of mastopathy
A standard examination includes questioning and palpating (feeling) the breasts, in standing, lying positions, and nipples for the presence of discharge. As well as palpation of the lymph nodes and thyroid gland.
Mammography and ultrasound are performed for greater information in the period from 6 to 12 days of the cycle. During mammography (x-ray of the mammary glands), an image is taken in two projections to determine the degree of changes and the type of mastopathy. Ultrasound is a safer and simpler diagnostic method and allows you to accurately determine the structure of the formation.
In some cases, if cancer is suspected, a biopsy is prescribed.
When diagnosing mastopathy, it is useful to conduct hormonal studies on the level of estrogen and progesterone, a liver examination and an examination by a gynecologist.
Treatment of mastopathy
To treat diffuse forms, hormonal and non-hormonal drugs are used (vitamin therapy, drugs with iodine, enzymes, homeopathics, and sometimes sedatives). It is the diffuse form that is most treatable. With this form of the disease, a diet with a complete exclusion of caffeine and fatty foods is necessary. Immunostimulation is required.
The nodular form is treated only by surgical intervention, this can be sectoral resection or enucleation. For complex treatment of the disease, correction of background disorders is carried out, including inflammatory, endocrine, and neurohumoral.
Source: http://kizlyar05.ru/lechenie-mastopatii/gormonalnyj-disbalans-i-mastopatiya
Fibrous mastopathy: causes and treatment methods
With fibrous mastopathy, changes in the glandular tissue of the mammary gland manifest themselves in the form of its replacement with growing connective tissue, compressing the glandular duct and ultimately causing its complete blockage.
The development of fibrous mastopathy is based on a violation of the hormonal composition of the blood.
Risk factors
Among the risk factors leading to fibrous mastopathy are:
- Frequent stress
- Inflammatory diseases of other glandular organs (liver, thyroid gland, ovaries)
- Genetic predisposition
One of the common causes of fibrous mastopathy is abortion. Intervention in the physiological mechanism of body restructuring during pregnancy leads to severe hormonal imbalances, manifested in the form of various diseases, including mastopathy.
Symptoms and stages
Fibrous mastopathy of the mammary gland is characterized by discomfort and pain in the mammary gland, in the area of fibrous tissue growth.
As the disease progresses further, the mammary gland increases in size and serous fluid is released from the nipples.
In the later stages of the disease, due to swelling and stagnation of blood circulation in the gland, infectious complications appear, leading to a deterioration in health, an increase in body temperature, and discharge from the nipples becomes purulent.
In the absence of proper treatment, the accumulation of fibrous tissue can degenerate into an oncological focus, after which the disease acquires a malignant course in the form of breast cancer.
In the initial stage, symptoms may be mild or completely absent. Therefore, it is important, even at the slightest suspicion of the presence of a disease, to immediately consult a doctor.
Treatment of fibrous mastopathy
Glandular fibrous mastopathy requires complex treatment aimed at normalizing the functions of the mammary gland and preventing further growth of connective tissue. In addition, along with the treatment of breast disease, therapy for concomitant diseases is carried out. In complicated cases, surgical treatment may be required.
The main therapy for fibrous mastopathy includes the use of hormonal agents and symptomatic treatment to correct the functioning of other functional systems and internal organs.
Non-hormonal treatments
- Vitamin therapy
- Enzyme therapy (for correction of dysfunctions of the liver, gallbladder, pancreas, intestines)
- Taking medications that improve blood circulation (to relieve swelling and restore blood supply to the breast
- Physiotherapy, wearing therapeutic underwear
If infectious complications develop, additional antibacterial agents are prescribed.
Hormonal treatments
Hormonal treatment for fibrous mastopathy is aimed at normalizing hormonal levels and includes the use of local and tablet forms of drugs. The most common of them include progestogel (a natural preparation for topical use) and utrogestan (a tableted hormonal preparation containing progesterone).
Surgery
Surgical treatment of fibrous mastopathy is performed through a small incision in the area of the fibrous lesion, followed by suturing the wound with a cosmetic suture. The operation is performed under local anesthesia.
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Source: http://mastitis.ru/fibroznaya-mastopatiya.html
Hormones in the diagnosis and treatment of mastopathy
Modern mammology knows for sure that mastopathy does not arise “out of nowhere.” This condition of the mammary glands is the result of subtle and sometimes competing interactions of many hormones, for which the mammary gland cells are the “target”.
What hormones are important for a mammologist?
The following hormones influence the mammary gland:
Estrogens
It is they who “make” a person into a female person. Estradiol and estriol are produced mainly in the ovaries (small amounts in the adrenal glands and adipose tissue). In a healthy woman, the level of estradiol in the blood fluctuates according to a certain schedule: in the first phase of the menstrual cycle it increases, especially before ovulation, in the second it gradually decreases.
Estrogens stimulate the epithelial cells of the mammary gland ducts and change the balance of water and salts in the cells, causing swelling and pain. The production of estrogens themselves depends on follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), which is produced by the pituitary gland.
Progesterone
The ovarian corpus luteum hormone forms the placenta during pregnancy and reaches its maximum in the luteal, that is, the second phase of the female cycle. “Submits” to luteinizing hormone (LH), the production of which is responsible for the pituitary gland.
- Progesterone “prepares” the mammary gland for pregnancy, inhibits the growth of the epithelium, forms lobules and alveoli due to connective tissue, and reduces tissue swelling.
- It is the imbalance between estrogen and progesterone, in particular towards an increase in the first hormone, that causes the proliferation of ducts and fibrous tissue in the mammary gland, that is, hormonal mastopathy.
- Therefore, in women with disturbed and irregular menstrual cycles due to hormonal imbalance, this breast condition is observed in 50% of cases.
Prolactin
The third most important hormone for the mammary gland is responsible for the main function of the mammary gland: prepares for pregnancy and stimulates lactation (production of colostrum and milk).
In addition, other hormones affect the mammary glands:
- Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), produced by the pituitary gland , “ controls” the thyroid hormones - triiodothyronine (T 4) and thyroxine (T3), which regulate the maturation of epithelial cells and the formation of epidermal growth factor receptors (HER), and also “supervise” the ovaries;
- Androgens (testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)), like male hormones, suppress “female” processes in the mammary gland and give a signal to the pituitary gland, which inhibits the release of FGS;
- Corticosteroids (adrenal hormones) “help” prolactin, increasing its effect on breast cells;
- Insulin, together with progesterone and prolactin, stimulates the development of milk ducts;
- Prostaglandins regulate the content of potassium, sodium and water balance in the tissues of the gland, as well as vascular permeability.
Therefore, in order to find out which hormones are more to blame than others for the occurrence of mastopathy, the doctor needs to know their amount in the blood.
When diagnosing a patient with mastopathy, the doctor always prescribes tests for hormones - estradiol, progesterone, prolactin, FGS, drugs, TSH, T3, T4, and also checks testosterone levels.
It is taken into account that the content of sex hormones is determined by the phase of the female cycle (that is, for the first half of the menstrual cycle, the ovulation period and the second period, the normal values are different). Normal indicators also differ in women of different ages: childbearing, menopausal, postmenopausal.
We recommend reading an article about dishormonal mastopathy, its symptoms and diagnosis. What treatment can be prescribed for dishormonal mastopathy, how to make you feel better, you can read in more detail in this article.
Test results are normal
- In the analysis of a woman of childbearing age, the following indicators can normally be seen.
- Estradiol: first half of the cycle - 110-330 pmol/l, middle of the cycle - 477-1174 pmol/l, second half - 257-734 pmol/l.
- In the increase of these indicators, and accordingly, the appearance of mastopathy, the ovaries are most often “to blame”, in second place are the “bad” liver or the “irritated” / “weak” thyroid gland, followed by oral contraceptives as the cause (this is especially true when a woman selects them for herself and takes them for a long time).
Progesterone: the peak occurs in the luteal phase (6.99-56.63 nmol/l), at the time of ovulation 0.48-9.41 nmol/l, at the beginning of the cycle 0.32-2.23 nmol/l. The level of progesterone in mastopathy may prompt the doctor to think about the pathology of the ovaries and the “corpus luteum”.
Prolactin: 130-540 µU/ml ( 107-290 µU/ml - in menopause). Its level is influenced by many factors: from sleep and intimacy to pituitary tumors.
FLH: 3-11 mU/ml. 10-45 - mU/ml-1.5-7 mU/ml (first half of the cycle, middle of the cycle, second half of the cycle, respectively). Other indicators will most likely indicate problems with the pituitary gland or ovaries, early menopause.
- LH: 2-14 mU/ml - 24-150 mU/ml - 2-17 mU/ml (in three phases of the cycle), which changes with polycystic ovary syndrome, pituitary tumors, anorexia, chronic stress
- TSH: 1-4 mU/ml, abnormal values indicate problems with the pituitary gland, hypo- and hyperfunction of the thyroid gland,
- T3: 1.2-2.8 nmol/l, or 65-190 ng/100 ml (total), 3.4-8.0 pmol/l or 0.25-0.52 ng/100 ml (free) , not normal, observed in patients with a diseased thyroid gland
- T4: 64-150 nmol/l or 5-10 mcg/100 ml (total), 10-26 pmol/l or 0.8-2.1 ng/100 ml (free) changes in normal values are associated with thyroid diseases
- Testosterone: normal 0.26 - 1.30 ng/ml
- The doctor prescribes the following tests on certain days of a woman’s menstrual calendar:
- at 5-9 or after the 22nd - estradiol and progesterone;
- at 5-7 - LH, FSH, prolactin;
- at 8-10 - testosterone or DHEA.
Preparation for analysis
A hormone test for mastopathy is taken at 8-9 am, on an empty stomach, in a calm state (this is a venous blood sample). In addition, you need to prepare in advance and fulfill the following conditions:
- Do not take medications for several days or discuss with your doctor the issue of medications that cannot be stopped;
- during the two days preceding the analysis - do not drink alcoholic beverages;
- 12 hours before the test, eat your last meal;
- on the day of the study - give up the morning cigarette;
- The day before, it is better to exclude stress, physical activity, sauna, sex for several days.
Thus, studying the hormonal profile in mastopathy:
- allows you to treat the immediate cause of mastopathy – hormonal imbalance.
- is important information for thinking about possible serious female diseases or pathologies of the endocrine system
By analyzing the exact indicators of hormones related to mastopathy, the doctor can use an effective method of treating mastopathy - hormone therapy.
Medicines for hormone therapy
The arsenal of a modern mammologist (gynecologist, oncologist) includes hormonal drugs of various types:
- against “extra” estrogens (antiestrogens): tamoxifen and its analogues in the form of a long course of treatment
- against “excess” prolactin: for example, parlodel, dostinex in small doses
- against too high LH and FSH: for example, decapeptyl-depot, nafarelin
- gestagens (progesterone in various forms), which are used orally (Depo-Provera, Duphaston) and topically (Progestogel) also suppress the high activity of estrogen in relation to the mammary gland
- oral contraceptives in small doses also “work” well for mastopathy
- androgens also “neutralize” the effect of estrogens, but they are prescribed at a certain age
- thyroidin is prescribed to correct thyroid function.
Many women with mastopathy are afraid of hormonal treatment and completely in vain. Correction of hormonal levels in mastopathy under the supervision of a good specialist using the latest generation of drugs is safe and effective.
Source: http://GrudInfo.ru/gormony-pri-mastopatii/
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