Symptoms and main types of dysfunctional disorders in the ovaries

Ovarian dysfunction (from lat.

dis – denial, difficulty + functio – action, implementation), or ovarian dysfunction – dysfunction of the ovaries caused by endocrine pathologies or inflammatory processes.

Ovarian dysfunction entails the development of a number of pathological conditions, the most characteristic of which are menstrual cycle disorders and anovulatory disorders, leading to infertility.

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The basis of any form of ovarian dysfunction is always a violation of the synthesis and secretion of three main hormones produced by the pituitary gland: follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin (PRL).

A necessary condition for the maturation of follicles, ovulation and pregnancy is a special ratio of the content of these hormones in each phase of the menstrual cycle.

With hormonal disorders, this ratio changes, the menstrual cycle is not observed and does not go through all successive phases, menstrual bleeding becomes acyclic.

Ovarian dysfunction is a risk factor for the development of mastopathy, malignant tumors of the mammary glands, hyperplasia and endometrial cancer.

Women may mistake minor cycle disorders for a peculiarity of their body. However, any deviation from the normal menstrual cycle may be a sign of ovarian dysfunction.

Parameters of a normal menstrual cycle:

• the duration is not less than three and not more than seven days;
• the interval between menstruation is 21–35 days;
• blood loss during menstruation is 50–100 ml.

Causes and risk factors

The most common causes of ovarian dysfunction are:

• endocrine diseases, pathologies of the thyroid gland, pituitary gland or adrenal glands;
• inflammatory diseases of the reproductive system (ovaries, uterus, appendages);
• artificial termination of pregnancy (artificial termination of the first pregnancy is especially dangerous);
• endometriosis;
• tumors of the reproductive system;
• pathology of the fallopian tubes;
• incorrect position of the intrauterine device in the uterine cavity;
• metabolic disorders - diabetes, obesity;
• taking medications that affect the reproductive system;
• prolonged fasting, deficiency of vitamins C and E.

Source: medware.ru

The risk group consists of the following categories of women:

• having a family history;
• suffering from chronic inflammatory diseases;
• no history of pregnancy;
• have suffered increased psycho-emotional stress.

Since the formation of ovarian dysfunction begins in girls during puberty, it is necessary to promptly pay attention to the onset of menstruation, menstrual irregularities, and the development of manifestations of hyperandrogenism and obesity.

In the case of polycystic ovary syndrome in infertility, treatment of ovarian dysfunction is surgical, allowing to restore the process of egg release, i.e. ovulation.

Forms of the disease

Ovarian dysfunction can take different clinical forms and manifest itself in the form of specific neuroendocrine syndromes:

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Signs of ovarian dysfunction

Symptoms of ovarian dysfunction include:

• irregular menstruation;
• spotting between periods;
• absence of menstruation for more than six months (amenorrhea);
• disruption of the processes of egg maturation and ovulation, inability to conceive or bear a child;
• scanty (oligomenorrhea) or too intense (hypermenorrhea) menstruation;
• severe premenstrual syndrome: increased irritability or tearfulness and apathy;
• pain in the lower abdomen or lower back (pulling, dull or sharp) before menstruation or in the middle of the cycle, on the days of expected ovulation;
• excess body weight up to obesity, the formation of stretch marks on the skin of the abdomen, thighs, chest;
• excess male-pattern hair on the body and face (hirsutism);
• signs of anemia: repeated dizziness, general weakness, pallor, shortness of breath with little physical exertion, tachycardia.

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Diagnostics

To find out the causes of ovarian dysfunction, a set of diagnostic measures is carried out, taking into account local symptoms of ovarian dysfunction, accompanying pathological processes, the woman’s age, and increased threats of developing certain complications.

A necessary condition for the effectiveness of treatment is modification of lifestyle: changing nutrition towards health improvement, increasing physical activity, normalizing sleep, maintaining an optimal work and rest regime.

Comprehensive diagnostics include:

• gynecological examination;
• sowing vaginal secretions for microflora and polymerase chain reaction to exclude sexually transmitted infections;
• hormonal study to determine the level of prolactin, testosterone, progesterone, estrogens, FSH and LH, estradiol, androstenedione, globulin;
• blood tests to determine the content of thyroid hormones (thyroid-stimulating hormone, triiodothyronine, thyroxine) and adrenal glands (cortisone);
• biochemical blood test to determine the level of triglycerides and lipoproteins;
• ultrasound examination of the pelvic organs, thyroid gland, adrenal glands;
• tomography to exclude a pituitary tumor.

1. During the onset of menstruation, adolescent girls are additionally prescribed tests for platelet levels, determination of bleeding time, blood clotting, antithrombin III, prothrombin levels to exclude thrombocytopenia or thrombosthenia.
2. Women of reproductive age, if necessary, may be prescribed an examination of the cavity and cervix, in which special attention is paid to the possible consequences of previous terminations of pregnancy.
3. When examining patients who have entered the menopause, additional diagnostic procedures may be necessary: ​​hysteroscopy, transvaginal echography, etc.

Collecting anamnesis, analyzing ultrasound results and examination data allow us to diagnose ovarian dysfunction. Laboratory studies clarify its pathogenetic form.

Treatment of ovarian dysfunction

Therapy for ovarian dysfunction depends on the nature and severity of clinical manifestations and includes the following measures:

• correction of endocrine disorders, if necessary, taking non-steroidal antiandrogenic and estrogen-progestin drugs;
• antibacterial therapy when identifying inflammatory processes;
• physiotherapy – helps improve microcirculation and metabolic processes in the ovary;
• correction of excess weight; Obese patients are prescribed diet therapy and, if necessary, therapy with sensitizers, i.e., substances that increase the sensitivity of peripheral tissues to insulin.

Ovarian dysfunction entails the development of a number of pathological conditions, the most characteristic of which are menstrual cycle disorders and anovulatory disorders, leading to infertility.

A necessary condition for the effectiveness of treatment is modification of lifestyle: changing nutrition towards health improvement, increasing physical activity, normalizing sleep, maintaining an optimal work and rest regime, and, if necessary, psychotherapy.

If it is necessary to stop bleeding, hysteroscopy and therapeutic and diagnostic separate curettage are prescribed, which is carried out in two stages: the cervical canal and the uterine cavity. It is necessary to ensure that the entire mucous membrane of the uterus is removed and the presence of concomitant pathologies (adenomyosis, uterine fibroids, polyps, etc.) is excluded.

To prevent recurrent bleeding, the normal menstrual cycle is restored and progesterone drugs are prescribed.

In the case of polycystic ovary syndrome in infertility, treatment of ovarian dysfunction is surgical, allowing to restore the process of egg release, i.e. ovulation. For this purpose, the following minimally invasive (laparoscopic) surgical methods are used:

• cauterization - removal of follicular cysts by cauterization (using a needle coagulator or thermo-argon laser);
• decortication - removal of the upper compacted layer of the ovarian capsule using an electrode;
• ovarian drilling - piercing a dense capsule using an electric or laser coagulator.

The classic operation - wedge resection of the ovary - is now rarely used due to greater trauma and increased risks compared to minimally invasive methods.

With timely diagnosis and adequate treatment, it is possible to normalize the menstrual cycle and restore ovulation. The chances of pregnancy in this case exceed 80%.

Surgical intervention is also used in the presence of polyps, adhesions in the fallopian tubes, fibroids, and abnormalities in the structure of the ovaries.

Possible complications and consequences

Lack of timely correction of ovarian dysfunction can lead to serious complications.

Ovarian dysfunction of the reproductive period in an advanced form often leads to miscarriage (with a decrease in progesterone levels) and infertility. Often, ovarian dysfunction is expressed in the form of oligomenorrhea (gaps between menstruation of more than forty days). Disorders of the menstrual cycle can develop into its extreme degree - amenorrhea.

Ovarian dysfunction is a risk factor for the development of mastopathy, malignant tumors of the mammary glands, hyperplasia and endometrial cancer.

Heavy and prolonged bleeding can cause anemia. Autonomic disturbances (palpitations, increased sweating) may occur.

Hormonal imbalances lead to disruptions in the absorption of calcium, resulting in the development of osteoporosis of the bones, leading to their fragility.

Forecast

With timely diagnosis and adequate treatment, it is possible to normalize the menstrual cycle and restore ovulation. The chances of pregnancy in this case exceed 80%. However, in most cases, treatment brings only a temporary effect.

Currently, a further search is underway for the optimal correction of this condition and the study of the mechanisms of its development.

Prevention

In some cases, it is possible to prevent ovarian dysfunction by following the recommendations:

• regular visits to a gynecologist for a preventive examination (once a year, and for women at risk for gynecological diseases - 2 times a year);
• timely treatment of infectious diseases, especially of the pelvic organs;
• taking hormonal medications only as prescribed by a doctor and strictly according to the developed regimen;
• refusal of artificial termination of pregnancy, use of reliable methods of contraception;
• maintaining personal hygiene;
• healthy lifestyle, balanced diet and sufficient physical activity.

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Anna Kozlova Medical journalist About the author

Education: Rostov State Medical University, specialty “General Medicine”.

The information is generalized and is provided for informational purposes. At the first signs of illness, consult a doctor. Self-medication is dangerous to health!

Source: https://www.neboleem.net/disfunkcija-jaichnikov.php

Ovarian dysfunction

Ovarian dysfunction is a disease caused by a failure of the hormone-producing function of the ovaries and leading to disruption of the menstrual cycle and lack of ovulation. Menstruation is delayed for more than 35 days or, conversely, the menstrual cycle is reduced to less than 21 days. There is heavy bleeding over a long period.

In medicine, menstrual bleeding is considered normal, lasting 3-7 days with blood loss of 100-150 ml. Any deviations in the duration of the menstrual cycle, its rhythm and the amount of blood loss are considered a violation of the functioning of the ovaries.

Ovarian dysfunction during the reproductive period can trigger the development of uterine fibroids, endometriosis, breast cancer, mastopathy and infertility.

Causes of ovarian dysfunction

The activity of the ovaries is regulated by hormones produced by the anterior pituitary gland - prolactin, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). Each stage of the menstrual cycle is characterized by a certain ratio of hormones, which ensures the normal course of all processes, including ovulation.

Hormonal imbalance is the cause of ovarian dysfunction, leading to disturbances in their functioning and to the absence of ovulation. The absence of the corpus luteum phase and ovulation leads to various menstrual disorders associated with excess estrogen and lack of progesterone.

Factors that can provoke hormonal imbalance and the development of ovarian dysfunction:

• ongoing inflammatory processes in the ovaries (oophoritis), uterus (cervicitis and endometritis) and appendages (adnexitis and salpingoophoritis);
• diseases of the uterus and ovaries (tumors, endometriosis, denomyosis, uterine fibroma, cancer of the body and cervix);
• endocrine diseases (congenital or acquired) - diseases of the adrenal glands and thyroid glands, obesity, diabetes mellitus;
• stress, mental and physical fatigue, irrational work and rest;
• termination of pregnancy, spontaneous or artificial;
• incorrect placement of the intrauterine device in the uterine cavity;
• the influence of external factors - sudden climate change, taking medications, radiation damage, etc.

Inflammatory processes in the uterus and ovaries can develop due to poor hygiene of the genital organs, colds, and the introduction of pathogens from other organs with the lymph or bloodstream.

Symptoms of ovarian dysfunction

Characteristic signs of ovarian dysfunction are:

If you identify symptoms of ovarian dysfunction, you should consult a doctor as soon as possible.

Ovarian dysfunction during the reproductive period is a risk of developing infertility and the body’s inability to bear a fetus.

Modern medicine, with timely treatment, can completely restore women's health. Symptoms and treatment for ovarian dysfunction may vary from case to case.

Ovarian dysfunction may indicate a number of problems:

With age, metabolic processes slow down and the risk of hormonal disorders increases, so ovarian dysfunction in premenopause will have its own characteristics.

If you notice similar symptoms, consult a doctor immediately. It is easier to prevent a disease than to deal with the consequences.

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Diagnostics

Examination of the patient and treatment of ovarian dysfunction is carried out by a specialist gynecologist-endocrinologist. If ovarian dysfunction is suspected, first of all, surgical pathology – ectopic pregnancy and tumor processes – is excluded. The menstrual calendar is analyzed, complaints are listened to, a gynecological examination is performed and a diagnostic plan is drawn up.

The set of diagnostic procedures may include:

• Ultrasound of the thyroid gland, pelvic organs and adrenal glands;
• microscopy and culture of vaginal secretion flora;
• PCR diagnostics to exclude sexually transmitted infections (ureaplasmosis, candidiasis, mycoplasmosis, trichomoniasis, chlamydia, etc.);
• determination of the level of sex hormones (follicle-stimulating and luteinizing hormones, prolactin, progesterone and estrogens) in the blood and urine;
• blood test for the level of hormones secreted by the adrenal glands and thyroid gland;
• X-ray examination of the skull, CT scan of the brain and MRI of the brain to exclude lesions of the pituitary gland;
• EEG of the brain in order to exclude the possibility of pathological processes occurring in it;
• hysteroscopy with targeted biopsy of the cervix or diagnostic curettage of the cervical canal and uterine cavity for histological examination of endometrial areas.

The examination plan is drawn up individually based on the patient’s complaints and examination. How to treat ovarian dysfunction is determined by the doctor taking into account the clinical picture and characteristics of the patient’s body.

The success of disease correction is largely determined by the severity of the disorder, therefore any irregularities in the menstrual cycle should cause alertness and prompt a woman to undergo examination, regardless of her age. Ovarian dysfunction in the premenopausal period is no less dangerous than in reproductive age.

When diagnosing the disease, in order to avoid complications, regular monitoring by a gynecologist-endocrinologist is recommended. Even if there are no changes in the patient’s condition, it is recommended to undergo examinations 2-4 times a year.

Menopausal ovarian dysfunction, if uncontrolled by a doctor, increases the risk of developing cancer.

Treatment of ovarian dysfunction

The female reproductive system is a mirror that reflects the overall state of health. She is the first to suffer when pathological conditions occur in the body, menstrual and reproductive functions are disrupted.

Ovarian dysfunction must be treated, even if health remains normal, since its consequences can be severe endocrine lesions, malignant neoplasms of the reproductive system, uterine fibroids, mastopathy and infertility.

Therapeutic measures carried out when ovarian dysfunction is detected have the following goals:

• stopping bleeding;
• eliminating the causes of the disease;
• normalization of ovarian hormonal function and restoration of a regular menstrual cycle.

Treatment of ovarian dysfunction is carried out on an outpatient basis (in case of a mild course of the disease) or on an inpatient basis. At the stage of stopping heavy bleeding, hemostatic therapy is usually carried out. If the desired effect is not obtained, curettage of the uterine cavity mucosa and examination are prescribed. Further treatment is prescribed depending on the results of histological analysis.

Therapy depends on the reasons that resulted in ovarian dysfunction. Medications are prescribed individually. In the presence of inflammatory processes, the infections that provoked them are treated. For endocrine disorders, hormone therapy is carried out.

To support immunity, it is recommended to take vitamin complexes, dietary supplements and homeopathic medicines. When treating dysfunction, normalization of nutrition, physical activity, work and rest schedule is important.

Physiotherapy, reflexology and consultations with a psychotherapist may be prescribed.

In order to restore the menstrual cycle and prevent uterine bleeding, progesterone therapy is used from the 16th to the 26th day of the cycle.

Within 7 days after therapy, menstruation begins, its beginning is considered the beginning of a new cycle. In the future, combined hormonal contraceptives are prescribed to normalize menstrual cycles.

In case of ovarian dysfunction, even after successful treatment, the installation of an IUD (intrauterine device) is contraindicated.

Ovarian dysfunction and pregnancy

In case of ovarian dysfunction, monitoring by a gynecologist-endocrinologist over preparation for pregnancy and its course is required.

For this purpose, a treatment course is carried out aimed at restoring the ovulation process, using hormonal drugs - clomiphene, prophasia, pergonal and humigon. They are used from day 5 to day 9 of the cycle inclusive.

During the course of therapy, the degree and speed of follicle maturation is monitored using ultrasound. Once the follicle size reaches 18 mm and the endometrial thickness reaches 8-10 mm, a drug that causes ovulation - human chorionic gonadotropin - is administered.

Stimulation therapy is usually carried out for another 3-4 subsequent menstrual cycles. After that, progesterone preparations are used for three more cycles - from days 16 to 26. Monitoring the onset of ovulation is carried out by measuring basal (rectal) temperature and conducting control ultrasounds.

Modern treatment methods used in gynecology, in some cases, make it possible to achieve stabilization of the menstrual cycle and regular ovulation. Competent treatment makes it possible to become pregnant and carry a child to term. Pregnancy management in women with ovarian dysfunction is carried out from an early stage with increased attention.

If you are not interested in how to cure ovarian dysfunction and do not take any action, this can lead to the following consequences:

To prevent ovarian dysfunction, doctors recommend avoiding nervous tension and stressful situations, adhering to a healthy lifestyle and avoiding promiscuity. To normalize metabolic processes and hormonal levels, a healthy, nutritious diet, compliance with sanitary and hygienic standards and physical activity are necessary.

This article is posted for educational purposes only and does not constitute scientific material or professional medical advice.

Source: https://illness.DocDoc.ru/disfunkcija_jaichnikov

Diagnosis of ovarian dysfunction: what does it mean?

Most women with various menstrual cycle disorders do not consult a gynecologist for a long time, thinking that these are not serious problems. However, any delays in menstruation, changes in their quantity and nature often lead to the doctor diagnosing ovarian dysfunction, despite the fact that all these features are strictly individual.

Diagnosis of ovarian dysfunction : general information

The female reproductive system functions under the guidance of the corresponding hormones of the hypothalamic-pituitary system - follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and prolactin.

These active substances affect the functioning of the ovaries, the maturation of follicles, the release of the egg and the fertilization process. If the level of these hormones changes, most often decreases, any of the ovarian functions, and even several, may be disrupted.

Ovarian dysfunction (ICD code 10 - E28) is a collective concept that implies any pathological changes in the female reproductive system, arising mainly against the background of hormonal imbalance. Manifestations of pathology are very nonspecific and are often a kind of “mask” for other diseases.

Accordingly, if a woman is suspected of having ovarian dysfunction, hormone levels should be determined first.

Causes of pathology

As already mentioned, the main cause of ovarian dysfunction is a violation of the level and ratio of female hormones. It, in turn, can be caused by the following factors:

• Congenital malformations of the female reproductive system. These include ovarian aplasia and hypoplasia.
• Genetic diseases. Particularly dangerous are Shereshevsky-Turner syndrome, in which girls have connective tissue cords instead of ovaries, as well as “superwoman” syndrome, which is reflected in hormonal levels.
• Inflammatory processes in the ovaries, uterus or its appendages (oophoritis, endometritis, salpingitis).
• Lack of personal hygiene. As a result, ascending infection of the external genital organs (vulvitis, vaginitis) and upward spread of infection to the uterus and ovaries can occur.
• Presence of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). In women they are asymptomatic more often than in men. This could be chlamydia, gonorrhea, trichomoniasis, etc.
• Benign (endometriosis, polyps, fibroids, fibroids, ovarian cysts) and malignant neoplasms of the ovaries and uterus.
• Concomitant diseases of the endocrine system. Of particular importance are disorders in the hypothalamic-pituitary system, hypo- and hyperthyroidism, adrenal insufficiency, and Addison's disease.
• Ectopic pregnancy. During fetal development, this pathology causes an inflammatory process in the tubes (salpingitis), which in itself is very dangerous.
• Termination of pregnancy, both spontaneous (miscarriage) and medical abortion. Abortions performed using tablets are especially dangerous because they significantly disrupt the hormonal balance in the body.
• Malfunction of the intrauterine device, the main function of which is the regular release of female hormones.
• The influence of environmental factors (sharp climate change, excessive ultraviolet and ionizing radiation).

To determine the exact cause of the pathology, it is necessary to consult a doctor who will conduct a comprehensive examination and only based on its results will be able to make or refute the diagnosis of ovarian dysfunction.

Clinical manifestations of ovarian dysfunction

Ovarian dysfunction quite often has a very blurred clinical picture.

The first thing a woman needs to pay attention to is fluctuations in the menstrual cycle at the slightest stress, neurosis, hypothermia or climate change. These are the factors that affect the functioning of female sex hormones the least. However, if the cycle goes wrong at any opportunity, this indicates a lack or incorrect ratio of the necessary hormones.

What do you mean by menstrual irregularities? This is an increase in the interval between menstruation by more than 28-35 days, or, on the contrary, its reduction. The usual duration and number of menstruation may also change. They may be absent for several months, which will indicate a significant lack of hormones.

A manifestation such as dysfunctional uterine bleeding should be separately considered. They occur if the intermenstrual interval exceeds 35 days, and the periods that then appear last more than a week.

In the case when menstruation follows each other, at different time intervals, but less than after 3 weeks. If there is ovarian dysfunction, bleeding is one of the first symptoms of this pathology.

Dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB) occurs due to a lack of follicle-stimulating and luteinizing hormones.

A decrease in their level leads to an anovulation cycle, as a result of which the release of the egg from the ovaries into the uterine cavity does not occur. As a result of this, the uterine mucosa is constantly rejected and is not renewed.

If uterine bleeding is profuse and lasts for quite a long time, anemia may develop in the body. Due to blood loss, the level of red blood cells and hemoglobin in the blood decreases.

Clinically this is manifested by the following symptoms:

• Constant weakness.
• Frequent dizziness.
• Drowsiness.
• Decreased appetite.
• Paleness of the skin and visible mucous membranes.
• Increased heart rate (tachycardia).
• Frequent headaches.
• Fast fatiguability.

In addition to dysfunctional uterine bleeding, there are other nonspecific symptoms of the disease:

• Absence of menstruation for several months, while the duration of the menstruation itself may not change.
• Presence of spotting and spotting between periods.
• Amenorrhea. This can be primary, when the girl did not have her first menstruation at all, and secondary, when it occurs no more than once a year.
• Miscarriage.
• Infertility.
• Painful sensations in the lower abdomen of various types before and during menstruation, as well as during ovulation. If there is ovarian dysfunction, pain can be very common. They can be of very different intensity - from mild dull ones to acute cramping.
• Pronounced premenstrual syndrome.

If you have any of these symptoms, you should definitely consult a doctor.

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Ovarian dysfunction: causes, diagnosis and treatment

The ovaries are part of the female reproductive system and produce the main hormones needed for menstruation, conception and pregnancy. If the function of these organs is impaired, the menstrual cycle is disrupted and ovulation does not occur. Ovarian dysfunction is one of the most common causes of infertility.

What is ovarian dysfunction

Ovarian dysfunction is a disruption of the functioning of organs caused by any health problem: an infectious-inflammatory process, stress on the nervous system, a disorder of the endocrine system.

Since the ovaries are part of the body’s unified hormonal system, which also includes the hypothalamus, pituitary gland and adrenal glands, ovarian dysfunction can be both a cause and a consequence of disorders in other organs.

The problem is clearly visible to women, but often does not cause concern, since it is believed that irregular periods are a minor problem. Dysfunctional uterine bleeding (outside normal periods), as well as the PMS symptom complex (emotional instability, nervousness, nagging pain in the lower abdomen, etc.), are also attributed to any reason, including bad weather, but not to illness.

Unfortunately, the result of ovarian dysfunction is serious hormonal diseases: endometriosis, uterine fibroids, mastopathy, breast cancer, infertility. That is why it is important to respond to the first warning signs of pathology in a timely manner in order to protect yourself from serious consequences.

Symptoms of ovarian dysfunction

The work of the paired glands is regulated by hormones of the anterior pituitary gland, therefore the disruption of their work is based on regular failures of the hypothalamic-pituitary system. The pathology is characterized by the following symptoms:

• failure of the menstrual cycle: its excessive lengthening (more than 35 days) or shortening (less than 21 days), irregular menstruation;
• oligomenorrhea – excessive infrequency and scarcity of menstruation;
• polymenorrhea - frequent, prolonged (more than 7 days) and heavy menstruation (more than 150 ml).

Monthly heavy bleeding can lead to a drop in hemoglobin levels and, as a consequence, pale skin and mucous membranes, distortion of taste and smell, dry skin, and brittle nails.

Frequent symptoms:

• Problems with conception. With ovarian dysfunction, the process of egg maturation is disrupted, anovulatory cycles become more frequent, so fertilization cannot occur. If pregnancy does occur, then the likelihood of miscarriage increases.
• Bloody discharge that occurs between menstruation (lasting more than 3 days).
• Dysmenorrhea is pain during menstruation. In women, their general well-being deteriorates, their ability to work is impaired, nausea, headache, diarrhea appear, of a pulling or cramping nature, extending to the lower back.
• A set of PMS symptoms: irritability, tearfulness, psychological changes, weakness, severe fatigue, apathy, etc.
• Amenorrhea is the absence of menstruation for more than 6 months. As a rule, this sign indicates the neglect of the pathology. This significantly increases the risk of cancer or heart disease. Women experience mental changes.

Causes of ovarian dysfunction

Ovarian dysfunction can occur as a result of a serious illness or functional disorders. So, among the reasons for organ dysfunction are:

• Disorders at the hypothalamic-pituitary level;
• Inflammatory processes in the internal genital organs (uterus, ovaries, cervix): salpingitis, endometritis, oophoritis;
• Endocrine diseases - obesity, diabetes, diseases of the thyroid gland and adrenal glands. They cause hormonal imbalance, which ultimately affects reproductive function;
• Gynecological diseases such as endometriosis, adenomyosis, fibroids, ovarian and uterine tumors;
• Low immunity;
• Benign and malignant tumors of the internal genital organs;
• External factors: fasting, excessive thinness, prolonged stress, physical and mental fatigue, sleep disturbances, lack of rest, acclimatization, excessive sun exposure, taking certain medications, chemotherapy and radiation therapy;
• Error when installing the intrauterine device;
• Medical or spontaneous abortion. Termination of the first pregnancy is especially dangerous, since the body’s adjustment to bearing a fetus abruptly ends. As a result, persistent dysfunction occurs with the threat of infertility;
• Hereditary predisposition;
• Drinking alcohol, drugs, smoking.

Types of ovarian dysfunction

The following types of ovarian dysfunction are distinguished:

• Juvenile – manifests itself in girls 12-14 years old;
• Menopause – typical for women aged 45-55 years;
• Anovulatory – occurs due to disruption of the cerebral cortex and the hypothalamic-pituitary system;
• Ovarian wasting syndrome, or premature menopause. This pathological condition can occur in women under 40 years of age with a normal menstrual cycle and a history of childbearing. It is manifested by secondary amenorrhea, infertility and vegetative-vascular disorders;
• Resistant ovarian syndrome – characterized by the insensitivity of the ovaries to gonadotropic stimulation. It manifests itself as secondary amenorrhea and infertility in women under 35 years of age.

Juvenile pathology is associated with disorders in the hypothalamic-pituitary system. Menstrual irregularities, amenorrhea and acyclic uterine bleeding can be observed in girls within 2 years after menarche.

They can be provoked by various factors: brain injury, meningitis, infectious and viral diseases (measles, rubella, tonsillitis, ARVI).

As a rule, this type of disorder is transient and disappears after a few months or years.

Menopausal pathology occurs during involution of the reproductive system, i.e. this is a natural decline in the normal activity of the ovaries. This is evidenced by menopause - the unreasonable absence of menstruation for more than 6 months.

Sometimes the pathology is provoked by hypertension, excess weight, obesity, diabetes mellitus, and central nervous system disorders. This condition is a favorable environment for the development of coronary heart disease and bone tissue destruction.

Menopausal ovarian dysfunction is manifested by a number of symptoms:

• profuse sweating;
• restless sleep;
• frequent urination;
• dry skin and mucous membranes of the vagina;
• hot flashes accompanied by redness of the skin;
• emotional instability.
• This age-related phenomenon is irreversible. However, you can get rid of unpleasant symptoms using hormone replacement therapy or alternative methods - taking bioidentical hormones, estrogen receptor modulators, phytohormones.

Diagnostics

A specialist gynecologist-endocrinologist examines and treats ovarian dysfunction. At the initial appointment, he identifies and evaluates the symptoms of pathology, taking into account information about heredity, life and obstetric history, and menstrual function. Then a gynecological examination is carried out with smears taken.

A set of diagnostic procedures is prescribed individually, which may include:

• Ultrasound of the pelvis;
• Ultrasound of the mammary glands;
• Ultrasound of the thyroid gland;
• Ultrasound of the adrenal glands;
• urine and blood analysis (general, biochemical);
• blood and urine test for hormones (LH, FSH, estrogens, progesterone, prolactin);
• microscopy and culture of secretions for vaginal microflora;
• PCR analysis for sexually transmitted infections (candidiasis, chlamydia, etc.);
• measurement of basal temperature (to determine the phase of the cycle in which there are disturbances);
• electrocardiography (to exclude cardiovascular pathology);
• blood test for adrenal and thyroid hormone levels;
• examination of the condition of the pituitary gland using skull x-rays, MRI and CT scans of the brain;
• electroencephalography to study the state of the brain;
• hysteroscopy with targeted biopsy of the cervix;
• diagnostic curettage of the uterine cavity and cervical canal for further histological examination of the scraping.

Treatment

Treatment of ovarian dysfunction is always strictly individual. The main goals of therapy are:

• stopping life-threatening bleeding;
• eliminating the causes of pathology;
• restoration of the menstrual cycle.

For bleeding that threatens the patient's life (low hemoglobin level, unconsciousness or profuse bleeding), the following may be prescribed:

• separate curettage of the uterine mucosa for further histological analysis;
• symptomatic therapy (sometimes with elements of hormones) until bleeding completely stops;
• taking progesterone medications from days 16 to 25 of the cycle to prevent bleeding and restore cycle regularity;
• taking iron supplements to treat anemia;
• taking combined oral contraceptives to normalize the cycle (duration 3-6 months or more), if the woman does not plan to conceive. If pregnancy is planned, ovulation stimulation is prescribed.

After the bleeding stops, therapy is prescribed to eliminate the cause of the pathology. It may include the following procedures:

• antibacterial and anti-inflammatory therapy (if genital infections and inflammatory processes are detected), as a result of which, as a rule, the menstrual cycle and ovulation are restored independently, without hormone therapy;
• correction of identified diseases (diabetes mellitus, thyroid disease, etc.);
• normalization of lifestyle, work, rest and sleep patterns, avoidance of stressful situations, keeping the psycho-emotional state at rest, correction of diet and diet, vitamin therapy according to the phases of the cycle, homeopathic medicines and dietary supplements (if the “provocateur” of the pathology is external factors);
• for diagnosed gynecological diseases, treatment is prescribed individually (surgery, hormonal therapy);
• physiotherapy, reflexology;
• psychotherapeutic and psychological assistance.

Comment. For women with a history of ovarian dysfunction, insertion of an intrauterine device is contraindicated.

Complications and consequences

A disorder of the hormonal function of the ovaries in the absence of timely treatment can lead to serious consequences.

Without correction, the pathology leads to a persistent disruption of the woman’s hormonal status, the most likely outcome of which will be infertility or the inability to bear a child.

The risk of serious diseases of the reproductive system also increases significantly, especially in women of premenopausal age (40-45 years):

• fibroids;
• mastopathy;
• endometriosis;
• uterine fibroids;
• cancer of the uterus;
• breast cancer.

Probability of pregnancy

Ovarian dysfunction is not a death sentence for women who want to have a child. Pregnancy is possible, but only with medication support. Preparation and attitude towards it must be especially attentive.

The duration of treatment is about 6 months and is carried out under the close supervision of a gynecologist-endocrinologist.

The woman is prescribed a course of hormonal therapy aimed at restoring the ovulatory menstrual cycle. When the mature follicle reaches 18 mm, and the thickness of the endometrium is 8-10 mm, the woman is injected with hCG, which provokes ovulation.

According to statistics, therapy is successful for 90% of women and it is possible to achieve conception. Further pregnancy is carried out under careful supervision.

Prevention

To prevent the occurrence of a disorder of the hormonal function of the ovaries, it is necessary to follow simple precautions:

• compliance with personal hygiene rules;
• regular visits to the gynecologist (2 times a year);
• timely treatment of genital diseases;
• healthy lifestyle, nutritious nutrition;
• psycho-emotional stability, elimination of stress and anxiety;
• proper use of hormonal medications;
• refusal of artificial termination of pregnancy;
• moderate physical activity;
• maintaining body weight control;
• protection from strong and frequent sun exposure;
• prevention and timely treatment of endocrine diseases;
• avoiding hypothermia;
• rejection of bad habits.

Where to get examined and treat ovarian dysfunction in St. Petersburg

If you notice signs of improper ovarian function, be sure to contact the Diana Clinic. Our address: St. Petersburg, Zanevsky Prospekt, 10.

Here you can undergo a set of tests, undergo all types of ultrasound, and then get advice from experienced gynecologists and endocrinologists. Cost of examination and treatment of ovarian dysfunction: ultrasound - 1000 rubles, doctor's appointment - 1000 rubles.

The cost of tests can be found by calling toll-free: 8 (800) 707-1560

Source: https://medcentr-diana-spb.ru/ginekologiya/disfunktsiya-yaichnikov-prichinyi/

Ovarian dysfunction: symptoms, causes, treatment, folk remedies

Ovarian dysfunction - a pathological condition is not a disease, but is a consequence of an imbalance in the female reproductive system of the body. Irregularities in the menstrual cycle due to any, even minor, disease cause ovarian dysfunction.

Many women get used to these features of the disease and do not pay appropriate attention to the situation that has arisen.

However, disruption of the hormonal functioning of the ovaries can lead to sad results: causing infertility, recurrent miscarriage, persistent changes in the menstrual cycle, and even cancer.

General information

Ovarian dysfunction is a group of pathologies of the female reproductive system associated with a disorder of the hormonal function of the ovaries. This pathology is a consequence of an inflammatory process or endocrine disorders. With the development of this condition, ovulatory and menstrual functions are disrupted.

In this case, the monthly cycle lengthens and lasts more than 35 days, or is too short - up to 21 days. Dysfunctional uterine bleeding lasting more than seven days or erratic menstruation also develops.

This condition leads to the development of diseases of the genital area, as well as infertility .

Forms of the disease

Ovarian dysfunction can take different clinical forms and manifest itself in the form of specific neuroendocrine syndromes:

• polycystic ovary syndrome;
• ovarian hyperfunction;
• metabolic syndrome (obesity, increased blood sugar, increased blood pressure);
• primary ovarian failure (low estrogen levels, fraught with premature onset of menopause);
• Itsenko-Cushing syndrome;
• hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism;
• hypersecretion of ovarian androgens;
• hyperprolactinemia syndrome;
• unspecified dysfunctions.

Source: rodi-v-amerike.com

Pathogenesis

The regulation of ovarian function is determined by the hormones of the anterior pituitary gland : luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, prolactin .

If at a certain stage of a woman’s monthly cycle the ratio of these hormones is correct, the ovarian cycle is not disrupted and ovulation occurs on time.

Ovarian dysfunction occurs when regulation by the hypothalamic-pituitary system is disrupted, resulting in anovulation.

The absence of the corpus luteum phase and ovulation leads to the manifestation of a variety of menstrual cycle disorders associated with a lack of progesterone and excessive amounts of estrogen .

Probability of pregnancy

Ovarian dysfunction is not a death sentence for women who want to have a child. Pregnancy is possible, but only with medication support. Preparation and attitude towards it must be especially attentive.

The duration of treatment is about 6 months and is carried out under the close supervision of a gynecologist-endocrinologist.

The woman is prescribed a course of hormonal therapy aimed at restoring the ovulatory menstrual cycle. When the mature follicle reaches 18 mm, and the thickness of the endometrium is 8-10 mm, the woman is injected with hCG, which provokes ovulation.

According to statistics, therapy is successful for 90% of women and it is possible to achieve conception. Further pregnancy is carried out under careful supervision.

Classification

Since the term “ovarian dysfunction” is a collective concept, it includes the following conditions:

• hyperfunction;
• ovarian hypofunction;
• too active production of female sex hormones;
• too active production of androgens ;
• polycystic ovary syndrome;
• primary failure;
• unspecified dysfunction.

There is also a classification according to the patient’s age:

• juvenile – develops in adolescents immediately after the first menstruation;
• reproductive - develops in patients of reproductive age;
• menopause – diagnosed in the period before menopause and directly during menopause.

Where to get examined and treat ovarian dysfunction in St. Petersburg

If you notice signs of improper ovarian function, be sure to contact the Diana Clinic. Our address: St. Petersburg, Zanevsky Prospekt, 10.

Here you can undergo a set of tests, undergo all types of ultrasound, and then get advice from experienced gynecologists and endocrinologists. Cost of examination and treatment of ovarian dysfunction: ultrasound - 1000 rubles, doctor's appointment - 1000 rubles.

The cost of tests can be found by calling toll-free: 8 (800) 707-1560

Source: https://gb4miass74.ru/bolezni/disfunkciya-yaichnikov.html