HPV quantum 21: what is it and how is the analysis performed?

Papillomavirus is considered one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases.

It can be localized in the skin and mucous membranes, which makes it especially dangerous from the point of view of the occurrence of oncological processes.

Detection of the human papillomavirus occurs using various methods, among which PCR diagnostics especially stands out. One of the varieties of this method is the Kvant 21 analysis.

What it is?

Kvant 21 is a quantitative study carried out as part of PCR diagnostics.

The analysis allows you to quickly determine the presence of the virus in the body, and also show with high accuracy the type of HPV and the degree of damage. This method is effective both at the beginning of treatment and at the end.

In the first case, it is necessary to determine the level of neglect of the disease, in the second, it helps to evaluate the effect of the complex of treatment measures.

Real-time PCR diagnostics

As part of the analysis, the patient's body is examined for the presence of 21 strains of papillomavirus of varying degrees of oncogenicity. Thus, we can conditionally distinguish two large groups of studied HPV varieties:

1. Low level of oncogenicity: 6, 11, 44 strains. Their risk of degeneration into malignant tumors is minimal, however, these types of virus can manifest as laryngeal papillomatosis or warts.
2. High and medium level of oncogenicity: includes HPV strains from 16 to 82. These types of virus do not always appear externally in the form of papillomas or condylomas, therefore they carry a great danger. It is impossible to detect them without special tests, but the consequence of infection can be cervical neoplasia, bowenoid papulosis or oncological processes.

Kvant 21 is suitable both for studying patients with obvious signs of the virus, and for those who do not observe external changes.

Advantages of the method

This type of analysis is successfully used in medicine, as it is able to cope with several tasks at once:

• determine the concentration of the virus in the body and the degree of its influence on the immune system;
• monitor the dynamics of the patient’s disease, detecting the slightest changes;
• assess the disease at the moment and make predictions regarding its further development;
• select individual treatment based on the diagnostic results obtained.

In addition, Kvant 21 is highly sensitive to viral elements and easily recognizes their presence in the body. At the same time, the diagnosis is deciphered to the patient very quickly due to the high speed of processing the results.

  What is an HPV test and how to take it?

Preparing for analysis

To carry out the procedure, the patient must comply with the same requirements as for other PCR tests. Before making a diagnosis, the patient must adhere to a number of special instructions:

• refrain from sexual intercourse 2 days before collecting biomaterial;
• stop using antibiotics within a few weeks;
• do not use intimate hygiene products containing bactericidal components;
• refrain from going to the toilet 2-3 hours before the diagnosis.

Time restrictions for women arise during menstruation or vaginal bleeding. Exacerbation of chronic or infectious diseases is also considered a contraindication for analysis.

If a patient wants to check for the presence of the virus in the body after unprotected sexual intercourse, a period of at least 3 weeks should be maintained. During this time, HPV, if it entered the body and was not stopped by the immune system, will manifest itself and will already be noticeable in tests.

How is the analysis done?

The main research material for identifying the virus is epithelial cells. The doctor can take them from the urethra, cervix or vagina.

Probe for taking biomaterial

The procedure may differ slightly depending on the location of the biological material collection:

1. Urethra. The area at the procedure site must be treated and sterile. Therefore, the analysis site is always treated with a disinfectant cotton swab. In the absence of various secretions, the doctor removes material from the urethra for analysis using a special probe. In women, the probe can be immersed to a depth of no more than 5 cm. For those girls who are not yet sexually active, the procedure is performed on the surface of the urethra.
2. Cervical canal. First, you need to remove the mucus that has formed in the cervical area so that it does not interfere with the procedure. Then the doctor treats the required area with saline solution and inserts a probe 2-3 cm. After collecting the material, the instrument is removed very carefully. It is important that he does not touch the vaginal walls.
3. Vagina. A manual method is used to collect biological material. Previously, the site of medical manipulation is also treated with a cotton swab to remove mucus. Then a brush is inserted into the vagina, collecting epithelial cells.

It is important to note that if during the procedure there is discharge mixed with pus, it is better to collect the material 20 minutes after the patient relieves the bladder. This is the only exception that allows urination before testing.

  PCR test for HPV - what is it and how to take it?

Decoding the results

DNA extraction

The test will show a positive result if viral DNA is present in the patient's body. However, even its absence does not always guarantee that a person is completely healthy.

The reasons for a negative result may also be a very low viral concentration, which is not recorded in the laboratory. This may show either the initial stage of the disease, when the papillomavirus has not yet been activated, or the state of the body after treatment.

The results of the study are deciphered as follows:

• < 3 Lg – the concentration of the virus is completely absent or extremely low;
• 3 Lg-5 Lg – average level of viral load, the risk of cervical dysplasia cannot be excluded;
• 5 Lg – a high concentration of the virus, an indicator of a rapidly progressing disease.

During diagnosis, the risk of obtaining false positive results is also possible, but the frequency of such cases is very low. This can happen due to incompetent collection or storage of the patient’s biomaterial, as well as due to non-compliance with the rules for preparing for testing.

Where can I do it?

Many research laboratories are engaged in PCR diagnostics using the Kvant 21 method. Among them, for example, we can highlight Invitro or Unilab , which have their centers throughout the country. The cost of such a procedure varies from 2000 to 2500 rubles .

Additional tests

In addition to the Kvant 21 analysis, doctors recommend using other methods for detecting the virus. Comprehensive diagnostics will help in making an accurate diagnosis and eliminating the presence of related diseases. Among the most common examination methods:

1. Cytology. It involves examining a scraping taken from the cervical area. The method helps to see changes in cellular structures that occur due to the action of the virus.
2. Biopsy. Usually performed during a gynecological examination or after a colposcopy. This examination aims to examine tissues taken by scraping under a microscope. A biopsy can confirm or refute the presence of changes in tissues and, accordingly, the presence of HPV.
3. Histology. One of the most accurate methods for determining pathologies. During the study, material obtained through biopsy is analyzed.
4. Digene - test. A specific test that is highly sensitive to viral particles. Allows you to track not only the presence of the virus, but also accurately diagnose the strain of the disease.

When diagnosing papillomavirus, it is always necessary to carry out a comprehensive diagnosis so as not to make a mistake in making a diagnosis. Timely examination will help prescribe the correct treatment and prevent the development of oncological processes.

Source: https://papillomus.ru/analizy/vpch-kvant-21/

HPV quantum 21 what is it

HPV is the general name for viruses that affect people of both sexes. The disease is diagnosed in seventy percent of the female population. The virus is transmitted sexually, but there are other sources of the disease. Swimming in a pool or visiting a beauty salon that does not comply with the required sanitary standards often leads to the development of HPV in humans.

A peculiarity of the disease is that many types of papillomavirus do not manifest external symptoms. This leads to the fact that a person infected with an infection is not aware of the existence of the disease in the body and transmits it to other people (sexually). Types of papillomavirus in which symptoms are clearly expressed include:

• Cervical cancer. This disease manifests itself only in advanced stages with bloody discharge, pain in the pelvic organs and back, unpleasant odor from the vagina and swelling of the legs.
• Condylomas lata are formations that appear in the presence of the second stage of syphilis in a patient. They have a round, flat shape and are covered with scales on top, often found in the genital area. Delayed treatment leads to the development of skin cancer.
• Pathology of the cervix. This is a disease in which a change in the structure of an organ occurs at the cellular level.

• Genital condylomas are warty-type formations that are found on the mucous membranes of the genital organs. Accompanied by itching and redness at the site of infection.

Since many types of HPV do not cause symptoms, it is recommended to undergo periodic testing to detect the virus. Treatment of this pathology in the early stages is the key to a quick recovery. The disease most often affects people who are sexually active, pregnant women and homosexuals.

Advantages of PCR analysis

Kvant-21 is a powerful tool that allows you to solve several tasks at once:

• determination of the viral load and the degree of influence on the immune system;
• dynamic observation of the patient, allowing you to work out an individual type of treatment and track the effectiveness of the proposed scheme;
• assessment of the current phase of the disease and prediction of its development;
• analytical sensitivity to the virus and specificity of the Kvant-21 test;
• speed of processing the obtained data in the laboratory.

Diagnosis of HPV

Along with the Kvant-21 test, other methods for detecting human papillomavirus are used, including:

• Clinical and visual examination, which allows you to narrow the list of suspected diseases by the presence of genital warts and other types of warts.
• Cytological examination of scrapings from the cervical area (mucous membrane), which reveals changes in cell structure under the influence of HPV, is effective only in the presence of low-oncogenic viruses (not the most statistically reliable method).
• Cervical biopsy is a microscopic examination of tissue through scraping, excluding or confirming the diagnosis.
• Histology of the cervix is ​​the most highly accurate method, like Quantum-21, for determining tumor pathologies of the uterus; it involves analyzing material obtained by biopsy (the use of a colposcope during sampling increases the reliability of the results to 98.6%).
• Molecular biological tests (Digene-test and PCR), which have the maximum acceptable clinical sensitivity and the ability to identify predisposition to cervical cancer.

To identify papillomavirus, women should consult a gynecologist, and men should consult a urologist. A dermatovenerologist also treats this virus.

There are several methods for diagnosing HPV. One of these is examining the cervix using a colposcope. Doctors also use a cytological examination, which involves taking a smear and carefully examining it under a microscope. The amplification method is also used, the material for which is taken from the mucous membrane of the genital organs.

However, the most accurate and most common analysis is non-amplification or polymerase chain reaction. The study is carried out on the basis of a smear from the mucous membrane or discharge from the genital organs. All of the above types of disease diagnosis do not cause discomfort to the patient.

Preparing for the study

The Kvant-21 analysis is recommended to be carried out during an exacerbation of infection (if there are external signs and other manifestations). The procedure involves performing a number of simple preparatory manipulations, which should be followed on the eve of the test in the laboratory:

• two days before the procedure, you must abstain from sexual intercourse;
• The use of any types of medications is not permitted;
• It is prohibited to use chemical products for intimate hygiene that contain bactericidal additives;
• 2 hours before the test and immediately before it, you will have to refrain from urinating, so it makes sense to minimize the flow of fluid into the body during this period.

The examination is not performed for menstrual and other vaginal bleeding. After the last sexual intercourse without barrier type contraception, as well as after taking medications from the pharmacological group of antibiotics, at least 3 weeks should pass.

On the expected day of examination, the genitals are toileted without the use of detergents, disinfectants, or antibacterial soap; vaginal douching in women is excluded; At least 2 hours must pass from the last urination to taking the material.

Please pay your attention!

The study is carried out no earlier than:

• 2 days after an ultrasound examination using a vaginal sensor, a gynecological examination;
• 5 days after colposcopy and biopsy/liquid cytology;
• 2 weeks after using all types of local dosage forms (suppositories, ointments, etc.), antiseptics and medications (probiotics, eubiotics) containing microorganisms;
• 3 weeks after unprotected sexual intercourse with a partner you are not sure about;
• 4 weeks after the use of systemic antibacterial drugs and to monitor therapy.

For 2–3 days before the test, you must refrain from unprotected sexual intercourse.

For additional information about the possibility of conducting research in a particular case, it is recommended to contact our center.

Collection of clinical material from pregnant women is carried out only by a doctor; You must make an appointment in advance.

Determination of HPV HCR DNA may indicate a high level of oncogenic risk and the need for observation in medical institutions.

To obtain an accurate diagnostic result, the doctor must advise the patient about the rules that should be followed when taking a PCR test for Kvant 21. A favorable time for carrying out such a diagnosis is the period of exacerbation of the pathology.

The first and most important point for obtaining an accurate diagnostic result is the patient’s refusal to take medications that have antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects (especially antibiotics) several days before the procedure. Also, a person will have to refuse sexual intercourse two to three days before the examination.

Several hours before the test, the patient should not urinate; it is also recommended to do it only on an empty stomach. If all the above points are observed, the probability of obtaining an accurate result is one hundred percent. It is better to take tests in large laboratories, then the patient will receive the result faster.

Kvant 21

HPV Quantum 21 - what is it? This is the most accurate type of diagnosis of the papilloma virus, which refers to non-amplification research methods. This method determines whether a patient has a high or low risk of cancer.

The human papillomavirus has a number of types, all of which are named ordinal numbers. This analysis reveals the genotyping of twenty-one types of viruses. The accuracy of this study is 100%.

Decoding analysis indicators

The information presented on the Internet on this issue will not help make an accurate diagnosis, and self-medication will be dangerous. Only a doctor should decipher the PCR results for Kvant 21. Each type of analysis must be deciphered.

An insignificant HPV load when the level of laboratory parameters is less than 3x Lg, a significant one - from 3x to 5 and a highly significant one - from 5. With a low load, there is no likelihood of complications, with an average one, as a rule, pathologies are detected in the patient, with a high one - the exact presence of dysplasia in the patient and the likelihood of developing cancer.

The results of the analysis are interpreted as follows.

Laboratory indicators HPV load Note

Less than 3 Lg (HPV/105)	insignificant	there is no risk of degeneration
From 3 Lg to 5 Lg (HPV/105)	significant	dysplasia or the risk of its occurrence
More than 5 Lg (HPV/105)	highly significant	maximum likelihood of dysplasia

Diagnosis and treatment

The fight against the disease must be comprehensive, affecting the source of the disease and the entire body as a whole. All growths must be removed. This is especially true for those who are subject to constant trauma and cause discomfort. Warts are essentially benign tumors; degeneration into cancer can be triggered by external and internal factors.

There are different methods to get rid of growths:

• cryodestruction;
• radio wave destruction;
• laser removal;
• chemical exposure;
• electrocoagulation.

Surgical excision using a scalpel is possible. In each case, the doctor selects the removal method individually. The state of health, personal characteristics, the degree of skin damage, and the extent of the pathological area are taken into account.

There are special cryogenic pencils that you can use yourself. But without a preliminary examination, determination of the virus strain and the recommendation of the attending physician, it is strictly prohibited to do this. This can cause uncontrolled spread of infection and degeneration of injured cells into malignant ones.

Next, antiviral drugs are prescribed; they help reduce the amount of the pathogen and reduce its activity. Immunomodulators and vitamins help strengthen the body’s protective properties, which most effectively inhibit the development of the pathogen.

It is important to know! Traditional methods without the knowledge of a doctor are strictly prohibited for HPV type 21. Treatment must be aimed at a specific strain, which is impossible without a thorough examination.

Any compresses or cauterization cause local trauma and can cause the degeneration of normal cells into cancer cells.

The most dangerous is the transformation of a benign formation into melanoma, the most aggressive oncological process of the skin.

The papilloma virus is a disease that affects many people. The peculiarity of this virus is its asymptomatic course, which contributes to its widespread spread. Detection of HPV in a patient who has not previously complained of symptoms using PCR for Kvant 21 indicates that the disease is easily tolerated by the body.

It is important to remember that it is impossible to completely get rid of the virus. To remove external signs of the disease (papillomas, warts), a surgical method is used. You cannot resort to self-medication: prescribe yourself pharmaceutical drugs, as well as use recipes from the field of traditional medicine.

The doctor should select a treatment regimen based on the results of a thorough diagnosis. Therapy must be accompanied by proper nutrition.

The patient is advised to exclude fatty, spicy and fried foods, as well as alcohol, from the diet.

By following a healthy lifestyle in combination with the therapy prescribed by the doctor, the human immune system will be able to fight the virus, which will reduce the likelihood of developing complications.

One of the most common preventative measures is to have contact with only one partner and use condoms. There are also two types of vaccines to eliminate the likelihood of the disease.

Today, the drug Gardasil is widespread in the world, and a second one is in development. The effect of this drug is exclusively preventive and not therapeutic.

Doctors recommend vaccination as early as adolescence.

Currently, about 100 types of HPV are officially recognized; the viruses of many of them are destroyed in 90% of cases in the early stages of development by cells of the immune system and do not pose a serious danger to a person if he is not in the planning stage of pregnancy.

• HPV detected in the blood using quantum-21 (or other PCR methods) in the absence of clinical signs most often indicates carriage of the virus, which does not imply therapeutic intervention.
• Additionally, immunocorrective medications and maintaining a healthy lifestyle are prescribed.
• 

Some types of HPV are characterized by a high ability to cause cancer, so timely identification of the cause of ailments is the key to successful treatment.

It is women who are at greater risk, since when the human papillomavirus with high oncogenic activity remains in the body for a long time, a process of malignancy may occur, leading to malignant formations, in particular cervical cancer.

Source: https://marta2.ru/vpch-kvant-21-chto-eto-takoe/

HPV quantum 21: what kind of analysis is it, deciphering the research results

Today, medicine knows more than 100 strains of the human papillomavirus (HPV). Some strains can lead to the development of such serious pathologies as precancerous and cancerous diseases of the cervix, cancer of the male genital organs, cancer of the pharynx and rectum.

Timely diagnosis of HPV plays a major role in the prevention of these diseases. The most common way to detect HPV is the Quantum 21 test.

Quantum-21 analysis: what is it?

Kvant-21 is a quantitative and qualitative study of biomaterial for papillomavirus. Based on the results of the study, they determine which strains of HPV are present in the body, as well as the degree of viral load (virus concentration). The analysis shows the oncogenicity of the identified papillomavirus strains - low or high.

Advantages and disadvantages

Kvant-21 is widely used in the diagnosis of HPV.

Advantages of the method:

• high accuracy – the reliability of the analysis results reaches 100%;
• speed of diagnosis - the patient learns the results of the analysis on the day the biomaterial is submitted;
• data on the concentration of the virus - allows you to assess the infectious load and the degree of influence of the virus on the patient’s immunity;
• The analysis allows us to identify the stage of infection with the virus and select individual treatment tactics.

Reference! The disadvantage of the method is its relatively high cost: analysis of Kvant-21 is almost 2 times more expensive than Kvant-15.

Differences between HPV quantum-21 and quantum-15

The word "quantum" in the title of the study means number. Thus, Kvant-21 detects 21 types of papillomavirus, Kvant-15 detects only 15 types.

Kvant-21 examines a sample of biomaterial for the presence of strains: 6, 11, 16, 18, 26, 31, 33, 35, 39, 44, 45, 51, 52, 53, 56, 58, 59, 66, 68, 73, 82. Only types 11 and 44 belong to strains of low oncogenicity, the remaining types are highly oncogenic.

Kvant-15 detects the presence of 15 strains of HPV: 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 68. Only 6 and 11 strains do not belong to the types of high oncogenic risk.

Preparing for analysis

The accuracy of the results depends not only on the qualifications of medical workers, but also on the correct preparation of the patient for submitting material for research.

The analysis should be taken during the period when new condylomas and papillomas appear on the body - this increases the possibility of obtaining the most reliable results.

Preparation rules:

• 3 weeks before the expected test, stop taking antibiotics, antiviral and other drugs. These medications affect the state of the microflora of the genital organs and can distort the test results.
• 3 days before collecting biomaterial, avoid sexual intercourse, including using a condom.
• The day before going to the doctor, stop using vaginal contraceptives, medicated tampons and ointments.
• Before taking tests, do not wash yourself with intimate hygiene products and antibacterial soap, do not take baths, and avoid douching.
• Do not empty your bladder 2-3 hours before the procedure - urine has an antibacterial effect and may affect the results of the study.

Before taking the test, it is not recommended to specifically give up alcohol and cigarettes (if used systematically) and switch to a strict healthy diet. Temporary changes in lifestyle reduce the reliability of the study.

Some doctors, on the contrary, advise the patient to drink a little alcohol some time before the test and include salty foods (smoked meats, sausages, beer snacks) in the diet to weaken local immunity.

Immediately after infection, the test results for papillomavirus will be negative. The study can be carried out no earlier than 3-4 weeks after the expected date of infection.

Important!

The test is not carried out during menstruation; the test can be taken 2-3 days after the bleeding has stopped.

Material collection technology

To carry out the analysis, a sample of epithelial cells is taken from the walls of the cervix, cervical canal or urethra. In women, biomaterial is collected by a gynecologist, in men - by a urologist.

During the collection process and a day after the procedure, the patient may experience minor pain. If the pain continues for several days, you should consult a doctor.

Urethra

Before removing a sample for examination, the entrance to the urethra is disinfected and cleaned in the presence of purulent discharge. A sterile probe with bristles at the end is carefully inserted into the urethral cavity and the epithelial layer is removed. The resulting material is transferred to a glass slide and sent to the laboratory.

Cervical canal

Using a cotton swab, the surface of the vagina and cervix is ​​cleaned of mucus and secretions and treated with saline solution.

An applicator with bristles at the end is inserted into the vagina and a small amount of epithelial cells is scraped off. The sample is immediately sent for testing.

Cervix

The algorithm for taking a sample for HPV testing from the cervix does not differ from the method of collecting biomaterial from the walls of the cervical canal. The main thing is to thoroughly clean the surface of the cervix from secretions.



Decoding the research results

Reference! The form with the results of the study is a table that indicates all types of the HPV virus determined by the Kvant-21 analysis, and their concentration if detected.

Decoding the results:

• Less than 3 Lg samples – insignificant HPV load. The risk of atypical and cancerous cells is zero.
• From 3 to 5 Lg samples – a significant HPV load. The presence of atypical epithelial cells or an increased risk of their appearance.
• More than 5 Lg samples – a highly significant HPV load. High risk of cancer cells.

The doctor fully interprets the results and prescribes treatment.

If the test results fail to identify the DNA of the virus, this does not mean that the person is not infected. Several weeks after infection, the presence of the virus cannot be determined, so the test should be repeated after some time.

Quantum-21 analysis is a quick way to detect the presence of HPV in the body, determine the viral load and the likelihood of cancer. The analysis is characterized by high accuracy, but only if the patient complies with all preparation rules. Otherwise, the results of the study will not show the real picture, and the prescribed treatment will be ineffective.

Source: https://vseopapillome.com/diagnostika/vpch-kvant-21-chto-ehto-takoe.html

The effectiveness of using quantum 21 to determine HPV

HPV quantum 21 is a relatively new quantitative diagnostic method. The analysis makes it possible to detect the presence of papillomavirus in the early stages of infection, determine the infectious load on the body, and inform about the presence of oncogenic strains.

The essence of the HPV diagnostic method quantum 21 (15)

Human papillomavirus is a contagious infectious disease. Transmission occurs through contact with a carrier through intimate proximity. HPV is divided into types - non-oncogenic, low-oncogenic, moderate and high.

The presence of the latter is dangerous for a person with the possibility of cellular degeneration and the initiation of a malignant process. Accurate and high-quality diagnosis allows you to detect strains in a timely manner and gain control over the development of the disease.

The essence of PCR diagnostics is the artificial laboratory multiplication of virus DNA copies. Quantum 21 is one of the most accurate diagnoses. Based on the results of the analysis, treatment tactics for the patient are selected and the dynamics of recovery are monitored.

Efficiency of using the analysis method

Cervical cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in women and accounts for 14%. It was found that in 99% of cases of cervical cancer, an oncogenic strain of HPV was identified in patients.

Among many research methods, quantum 21 is the main diagnostic criterion by which the presence or absence of oncogenic HPV strains is determined.

This is a quantitative analysis, thanks to which it is possible to obtain and determine:

• degree of infectious concentration, influence on the state of immunity;
• the ability to observe the patient as part of the dynamics of the disease;
• assessment of the person’s condition at the time of the test, development forecast;
• fast, high-quality results with a high degree of data accuracy.

The polymerase chain reaction makes it possible to obtain a complete picture of the state of HPV in the body. Unlike enzyme immunoassay, which shows the presence of specific antibodies in the blood, PCR indicates the DNA of the virus. The quantum test helps to identify the strain, which is necessary if cancer is suspected.

Differences between HPV quantum 21 and quantum 15

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The very concept of quantum speaks of conducting a quantitative PCR analysis of HPV. Translated from Latin, quantum means how much, allowing you to determine a portion of a quantity. The number indicates the number of strains studied. Kvant 21 carries out genotyping of 21 strains of the virus, a variant for 15 - 15 types.

Quantum 21 includes research on types 6, 11, 44, which have a low degree of carcinogenicity. HPV types 16, 18, 26, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 53, 56, 58, 59, 66, 68, 73, 82 are being studied. With a high degree of oncogenicity.

HPV quantum 15 detects 16, 31, 33, 35, 52, 58, 6, 11, 18, 39, 45, 59, 51, 56, 68 strains.

Strains 6 and 11 are low-oncogenic. Condylomas appear on the external genitalia. The growths are benign. They may progress to the stage of papillomatosis.

16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 68 – strains of high risk of oncogenicity. They cause the appearance of condylomas, sometimes covered with a serous film.

Localized in the area of ​​the external, internal genital organs, and anus. There is a high chance of developing cancer.

If we talk about differences, quantum 21 identifies a larger number of genotypes, which makes it possible to accurately determine the presence of a dangerous type of HPV.

How to prepare for the test

Proper preparation for taking tests for quantum 21 plays an important role in the diagnostic study; it determines how accurate the results will be. It is carried out during the period of exacerbation of the disease with the appearance of the first symptoms of warts, papillomas and condylomas.

Preparation consists of several simple steps:

1. Stop taking antiviral drugs, antibiotics, and other medications at least 21 days before the study. Medicines can affect the final test result, distorting the results into false positives or false negatives.
2. Refuse intimacy 2-3 days before submitting biomaterials for analysis. This is necessary to obtain accurate results.
3. Do not use hygiene items that contain substances that have an antibacterial effect. It is worth abandoning antimicrobial baths.
4. The use of vaginal contraceptives, douching, and other auxiliary elements of therapy is contraindicated.
5. The last urination should occur no later than 2 hours before taking the material.

Polymerase chain reaction for HPV is not performed several days after suspected infection. A person can become infected, but in the early stages the likelihood of reliable detection is minimal.

It is recommended to take Quantum 21 no earlier than 3 weeks after sexual intercourse with a probable HPV carrier.

The study is not carried out during menstrual bleeding in women. In this case, the analysis is postponed to a later date. Before performing laboratory diagnostics, the doctor will inform the patient about the necessary precautions.

If preparation is done correctly, it increases the chances of highly accurate HPV test results. Ignoring the rules may result in erroneous data.

Consequently, the person will receive incorrect data, which will either affect treatment or cause the need for repeated examination.

Technology for collecting material for HPV 21 quantum

The biomaterial for the study is epithelial cells, which are obtained by taking a scraping (smear) from the cervical canal, urethra or cervical wall. The procedure must be carried out exclusively in a medical institution by a specialized doctor.

Cervical canal

Before collecting the material, the vagina and cervix are cleaned of mucous secretions using a sterile cotton swab. Next comes treatment with saline solution.

A special probe is inserted into the woman’s vagina and moved 0.5 to 5 centimeters deep. After receiving the necessary material, the probe is pulled out with extreme care so as not to injure the walls.

The resulting HPV smear is sent for quantum 21 analysis using the PCR method.

If the procedure is performed correctly, the woman will not feel pain. There may be some discomfort in the genital area throughout the day.

Urethra

A smear from the urethra is necessary to identify neoplasms in the ureteral canal.

The entrance to the urethral canal is disinfected.

If purulent discharge is observed, which indicates the presence of an acute inflammatory process, it is necessary to clean the canal. Most often this is done through natural urination.

In this case, the procedure is repeated 15–20 minutes after the patient visits the toilet.

When collecting material for quantum 21, the doctor needs to carry out several actions that feel similar to a massage. During this, a scraping is taken using a probe, which, once removed, is applied to a glass slide.

Cervix

The procedure for taking a scraping from the cervix for HPV is similar in method to taking a scraping from the cervical canal. The doctor’s main task is to clean the required area from foreign impurities, disinfect it, and take a sample.

After scraping, the biomaterial is sent to the laboratory for further research.

The analysis is key to diagnosing HPV infection in cases of erosion, dysplasia, and cervical cancer; the sampling must be done correctly and efficiently.

After PCR diagnostics, the doctor will receive the results of the study and decipher the analysis to draw up a further treatment plan.

Interpretation of HPV tests

The form of determined values ​​indicates the laboratory indicators of quantum 21, on the basis of which the result of the study is interpreted.

Index	HPV load	Diagnosis
less than 3 Lg samples	insignificant	the risk of degeneration is excluded
from 3 to 5 Lg samples	significant	the presence of dysplasia or a high risk of its occurrence
more than 5 Lg samples	high significance	high risk of dysplasia and oncological degeneration

The doctor will inform the patient about the results of the study. The doctor will explain the values ​​of the indicators and suggest further tactics of antiviral therapy. The right approach will stop the impact of the infection and restore normal functioning of the body. The main task of the doctor is to select the current method of treatment. The main task of the patient is to see a doctor.

Quantum 21 is a unique technique that allows you to determine the presence of HPV and its effect on the human body. A person needs to understand that the study does not guarantee accuracy if the patient ignores the necessary rules. Before taking the PCR test, you should obtain full information about the specifics of the analysis.

The article has been reviewed by the site editors

Source: https://VashaDerma.ru/hpv/kvant-21

Quantum 21 analysis: what is it, decoding of the PCR analysis for human papillomavirus

• Dermatologist of the highest category Inna Vladimirovna
• 22614
• Update date: December 2019

The term quantum 21 refers to the PCR research method. It makes it possible to quickly obtain the results of an analysis aimed at identifying the human papillomavirus in the body. The study also provides information about the type of pathogen.

What kind of research is this

Quantitative research using the polymerase chain reaction allows you to detect different groups of papillomaviruses in real time. This is one of the most informative tests that modern medicine can offer.

Currently, it is used to identify papillomas 6, 11, 16, 26 and other types. Thanks to the study, specialists can clearly assess the degree of damage to the body by the disease and see the effectiveness of treatment therapy.

All this data is provided in numbers.

The analysis is designed to determine the genotyping of 21 types of human papillomavirus infection.

The most dangerous among them were conditionally divided into 2 separate groups:

• Viruses that have an average risk of oncogenic activity (6, 11, 44). They are recognized by characteristic features, including anogenital warts, verrucous epidermoplasia, rapid growth of papillomas in the intimate area and laryngeal papillomatosis;
• Viruses that have a high risk of oncogenic activity (16, 18, 26, 31, 33, etc.). Among the symptoms, cervical neoplasia, carcinoma and bowenoid papulosis are prominent.

Diagnostic analysis is recommended for patients who have found various rashes on their own body, for example, papillomas and warts. Pointed neoplasms with HPV are especially taken into account. All this information is an explanation of quantum 21 - what it is.

The analysis allows you to determine the type of HPV and its oncogenicity

Benefits of analysis

Diagnostic testing has many positive qualities. Thanks to this, it allows you to simultaneously solve several important problems. Namely:

1. Determine with high accuracy the degree of viral load on the body and the influence of the pathogen on the state of the immune system;
2. Monitor the general condition of a person with papillomavirus, thanks to which it is possible to select for him an individual treatment regimen that will work effectively exclusively in his case;
3. Assess the current degree of development of the disease, as well as put forward the most accurate forecasts regarding its further spread.

The advantages of the research methodology include the analytical sensitivity of the test to a viral disease and its specificity. Additionally, it is worth mentioning that in a laboratory environment, the processing of the data obtained is very fast. Due to this, the patient can find out his diagnosis after taking the test in a short period of time.

Preparing for analysis

The human papillomavirus can be accurately detected during a diagnostic test if the patient is properly prepared for the test. It is best to carry it out at the time of exacerbation of the disease and the presence of characteristic signs of HPV on the body. Patients who have small warts and other similar rashes are usually referred for analysis.

To take a polymerase chain reaction or PCR test, you need to undergo training consisting of several simple manipulations:

1. It is necessary to make sure that the patient did not take antibiotics 3 weeks before the analysis;
2. You should completely abstain from intimate life 2 days before submitting the material for analysis;
3. It is necessary to temporarily stop treatment with internal medications. Exceptions include medications that are used locally. These include douching liquids, suppositories and ointments;
4. You should not use hygiene products for some time that contain additives with a bactericidal effect;
5. It is recommended to refrain from going to the toilet 2 hours before the test. Therefore, on the day of your test, you should limit yourself to consuming large amounts of liquid. You also need to wait out the periods when women are menstruating. Analysis is also prohibited for other vaginal bleeding;
6. The test should be taken no earlier than 3 weeks after unprotected sexual intercourse, during which infection with papillomavirus could occur.

Each patient is told about all the rules and features of the test by his attending physician, who suggests checking the polymerase chain reaction for the papilloma virus.

In order for the analysis result to be reliable, you need to prepare for the procedure.

Features of taking biomaterial

The collection of biological material for further analysis must be carried out according to the rules. In this case, it will be possible to trust the results obtained during the study.

If the answers show one thing, but the patient’s condition is different, it is possible that errors were made during this procedure.

In this case, additional tests will be required to help clarify the unclear situation.

Place	Biomaterial extraction
Urethra	The first step is to make sure that the area where you plan to collect material for further analysis is sterile. Therefore, it must be disinfected with a cotton swab. If purulent discharge is observed, which confirms suspicions about infection of the urethra, then a scraping should be taken approximately 15 minutes after the patient urinates. If there is no suppuration, the specialist will perform massage-like manipulations in the urethral cavity and use a probe to extract the necessary sample from it. In girls, a sample for analysis is taken from the surface of the urethra. For women who are sexually active, the probe is immersed 1-5 cm into the desired area.
Cervical canal	Initially, you need to clean the cervical cavity by removing unnecessary mucus using a cotton swab. Afterwards, you need to treat this area with saline solution. A probe for collecting biological material is inserted into the canal 0.5-5 cm. It is removed after the procedure with extreme caution. It is very important that the device does not touch the vaginal walls.
Cervix	Biological material for analysis is removed using the hand, that is, using the manual method. Before the procedure, you must remove unnecessary mucus from the surface of the cervix with a cotton swab. Afterwards, using a sterile brush, scrape off a little tissue. This is what is sent for analysis.

If the biomaterial was taken correctly, the analysis will show the correct result of the study.

Decoding the results

PCR test results usually contain alphabetic and numeric values. Which are not always clear to patients. Therefore, many are interested in deciphering them.

The test result may be as follows (specified in HPV/105):

• 0-3 – viral load is insignificant;
• 3-5 Lg – viral load is significant. The possibility of developing dysplasia cannot be excluded;
• 5 or more Lg – the viral load is high, which carries a high risk of developing dysplasia.

In any case, if the patient does not understand the results obtained, he can find out their meaning from the attending physician during the next visit.

Source: https://DermatologInfo.ru/papillomy/analiz-kvant-21/