Responsibilities of a pediatrician and stages of examination by a specialist

The first year of a child’s life is perhaps the most important stage. The maturation of organs and systems occurs, and the “foundation” of health for life is laid. To assess the development of the baby and promptly identify abnormalities and diseases in the early stages, routine preventive examinations are carried out.

Medical examinations: what do the regulations say?

The procedure for conducting mandatory preventive examinations for children of all ages is established by Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation N 514n dated August 10, 2017.

The document came into force on January 1, 2018. The order regulates the timing of completion, the minimum list of studies and examination by specialists at all stages of growing up.

We will talk in more detail about monitoring the baby.

Medical observation of a child in the first year of life

Age	Doctors specialists	Research and analysis
Newborn	Pediatrician	* Neonatal screening is carried out to identify pathologies: congenital hypothyroidism, cystic fibrosis, phenylketonuria, galactosemia and adrenogenital syndrome * Audiological screening
1 month	Pediatrician Ophthalmologist (ophthalmologist) Pediatric surgeon Pediatric neurologist Pediatric dentist	* Ultrasound of the abdominal organs and kidneys * Ultrasound of the hip joints * Echocardiography * Neurosonography * Audiological screening
2 months	Pediatrician	* Complete blood count (CBC) * Complete urinalysis (UCA)
3 months	Pediatrician Traumatologist-orthopedist	Audiological screening
From 4 months to 11 months	Pediatrician - once a month	Research and analysis are not carried out
12 months	Pediatrician Pediatric surgeon Neurologist Otorhinolaryngologist (ENT) Traumatologist-orthopedist	KLA, OAM, electrocardiography (ECG)

Inspections by specialists

In the first year of life, the baby is under the close attention of doctors: development is monitored, nutritional recommendations are given, treatment is prescribed if diseases are detected, etc.

Pediatrician

He is the main doctor in the life of every child.

In the maternity hospital

The baby is examined by a neonatologist immediately after birth, then every day throughout the entire period of stay in the maternity hospital. The doctor monitors the baby’s adaptation to new living conditions, excludes congenital or hereditary diseases, and prescribes treatment if necessary.

1. After discharge from the maternity hospital, the pediatrician monitors the child:
2. * in the first month of life, the doctor examines the baby at home;
3. * starting from the age of 1 month, you and your child visit the doctor at the clinic every month.
4. Examinations by a pediatrician at home in the 1st month of life

The doctor assesses the baby’s general condition and determines his health group. The doctor gives advice on breastfeeding, hardening and hygiene procedures, and conducts talks on breastfeeding. If diseases are detected, treatment is prescribed.

Monthly visit to the pediatrician at the clinic

During each preventive examination, the child’s height and weight, head and chest circumference are measured, and the condition of the large fontanelle and cranial sutures are assessed.

The pediatrician examines the skin and uses a phonendoscope to listen to the baby’s lungs and heart. Determines the health group, the correspondence of physical and mental development to the baby’s age. Identifies the likelihood of a child developing certain diseases.

You receive recommendations on nutrition, introduction of complementary foods according to age, massage, gymnastics and exercises.

The pediatrician evaluates the skills acquired by the child in the first year of life: the ability to hold the head, sit, crawl and walk, walk, pronounce syllables and words, and eat independently.

Oculist

Checks how the child focuses his gaze on objects, the patency of the nasolacrimal ducts and examines the fundus of the eye.

Pediatric surgeon

Timely diagnoses inguinal or umbilical hernia, hip dysplasia.

Examines the genitals. Detects certain diseases in boys: phimosis (narrowing of the foreskin - folds of skin covering the head of the penis), cryptorchidism (undescended testicle into the scrotum) and/or testicular hydrocele.

Pediatric neurologist

Tests the baby's reflexes and acquired skills, determines muscle tone and identifies possible motor disorders.

Evaluates the condition of cranial sutures, large and small fontanelles, and the correspondence of neuropsychic development to the child’s age.

Traumatologist-orthopedist

Monitors the development of the baby's musculoskeletal system. Excludes or identifies hip dysplasia, congenital muscular torticollis, clubfoot and other pathologies. When diagnosed early, these conditions usually respond well to non-surgical treatment.

Pediatric dentist

Checks the condition of the frenulum of the tongue - a fold of the oral mucosa that serves as an addition to attach the tongue to the floor of the mouth. Sometimes the frenulum is shortened, which can lead to problems with sucking, swallowing, chewing, pronunciation and diction. If the bridle is shortened, it is trimmed.

Otorhinolaryngologist

Examines the child to identify congenital anomalies of the nasal and oral cavity, pharynx, auricle, external and middle ear.

Research and analysis

They are carried out to diagnose many diseases in the early stages and congenital anomalies.

General blood analysis

Helps identify anemia, inflammation in the body, blood clotting disorders.

General urine analysis

Allows you to evaluate kidney function, detect inflammation in the urinary tract, and suspect certain diseases (for example, diabetes).

More about UAC and OAM

Audiological screening

Hearing is examined using a special device. It is performed in the maternity hospital on the 3-4th day of life or before discharge.

If for any reason the screening was not completed in the maternity hospital or hearing impairment was detected, the child is discharged with recommendations for audiological screening in the clinic.

If hearing impairment is repeatedly detected, the child is sent to the audiology center for additional examination and treatment (hearing aids, classes with a teacher of the deaf). Goal: to carry out correction in time to prevent the baby from lagging behind in speech and mental development.

Neonatal screening

Blood is collected from the heel on the 4th day of life in full-term infants, and on the 7th day in premature infants. If for some reason screening was not carried out in the maternity hospital or there is no data, the test is performed in the clinic until the age of 1 month.

• The study makes it possible to diagnose five serious diseases: congenital hypothyroidism, cystic fibrosis, phenylketonuria, galactosemia and adrenogenital syndrome.
• If illnesses are detected in a timely manner and treatment is prescribed (medicines, diet), children develop normally.
• More about neonatal screening

Neurosonography

The brain is examined using an ultrasound machine through the large fontanel. A painless and safe method helps to identify brain cysts, intracranial injuries, cerebral hemorrhages, and brain development abnormalities.

You can read about fontanelles here

Ultrasound of internal organs and kidneys

The method makes it possible to look inside the body. The liver, spleen, pancreas, gallbladder and its ducts, kidneys and bladder are examined. The study helps to determine the size, assess the function and identify congenital anomalies of the development of internal organs.

Ultrasound of the hip joints

It is carried out for the timely diagnosis of hip dysplasia - abnormal development that can lead/has led to dislocation or subluxation of the femoral head (congenital hip dislocation).

Electrocardiography

Allows you to record impulses that arise during the work of the heart, which are recorded on paper in the form of a gear graph.

Using an ECG, it is possible to detect disturbances in heart rhythm, formation and conduction of impulses.

Monitoring a child in the first year of life: where is it better?

Routine medical examinations are carried out free of charge at the clinic at your place of residence - an undeniable advantage.

However, you and your child will have to stand in line for hours, even if you pre-register.

In addition, not only healthy, but also sick adults/children visit the clinic. Your baby may encounter, for example, a viral infection, and the next monthly preventive examination risks resulting in the child developing a fever, runny nose and cough.

Based on a standard observation program, an individual approach to each child is developed. The baby receives a personal pediatrician who can be consulted 24 hours a day.

PS The order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation regulates the mandatory minimum of medical examinations. If deviations are detected, additional studies and consultations with specialists not included in the generally accepted observation scheme are prescribed.

1. Author : Koretskaya Valentina Petrovna, pediatrician,
2. resident doctor of the children's department
3. photo: globallookpress.com

The Healthy Family Medical Center has a professional team of pediatricians and children's specialists. Individual monitoring of each baby, scheduled examinations, a calendar of vaccinations and examinations - in a comfortable environment without stress and queues. Our pediatric department includes highly qualified specialists in various fields: pediatrician, allergist-immunologist, pediatric gynecologist, urologist, neurologist, orthopedic surgeon, ENT doctor, pediatric ultrasound diagnostics doctor, massage therapist, as well as modern equipment and expert-class ultrasound. A truly personal approach and attention to each patient will create an atmosphere of home comfort and a comfortable visit! MC “Healthy Family” st. Fuchika, 3 tel.: 243-53-03, 219-30-50 WhatsApp: +79222030450 SIGN UP www.zs-mc.ru https://vk.com/medcentrzdorovayasemia Advertising There are contraindications. Specialist consultation is required.

Source: https://www.u-mama.ru/read/obaby/forone/9680.html

Pediatrician

A pediatrician is a doctor who monitors a child’s development, treats, diagnoses, and prevents a number of diseases. The meeting with the pediatrician occurs on the second day after the baby and mother were discharged from the maternity ward.

The specialist visits the newborn, conducts an examination, and gives the parents the necessary advice. The task of a pediatrician is to care for young patients until they reach the age of 14.

When is a specialist visit required?

Visits to the pediatrician are frequent, according to the following schedule of routine preventive examinations:

1. In the 1st month of the baby’s life, the examination is carried out on the 2nd day after discharge from the hospital, and then 2 weeks later.
2.  From the first month until reaching the age of one, parents with their baby should visit a specialist at least once a month. The specialist monitors the child’s development, conducts medical examinations, and collects anthropometric data (height, weight, dimensions). These measures are necessary for the timely detection of various deviations and developmental delays.
3. Carrying out routine vaccinations according to the established schedule, preceded by a pediatric examination.
4. The period when a child enters kindergarten and school.

After the baby reaches one year of age, a pediatrician is contacted if painful symptoms or deviations in normal development occur.

The following clinical signs are the reason for an unscheduled visit to a pediatrician:

• frequent headaches;
• fever, increased body temperature;
• sneezing, coughing and runny nose;
• pain in the abdomen, larynx;
• allergic rashes;
• general malaise, weakness, lack of appetite.

Help and advice from a pediatrician is necessary if the baby is not eating well or gaining weight. The doctor can help with intestinal colic, flatulence, and teething.

What diseases does the doctor treat?

The pediatrician's specialty is the identification and treatment of the following diseases in young patients:

• influenza, ARVI;
• colds, respiratory diseases;
• bronchitis, pneumonia, tracheitis, laryngitis;
• rhinitis, adenoiditis, pathologies of the nasal cavity;
• disturbances in the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract (intestinal colic, dysbacteriosis, poisoning);
• allergic reactions;
• tonsillitis, occurring in acute or chronic form;
• specific childhood infectious diseases (chickenpox, measles, mumps, dysentery, rubella).

If any alarming symptoms appear or the baby’s general condition deteriorates, especially in the age group under one year, parents should consult a pediatrician as soon as possible, since independent treatment is considered extremely dangerous for the child.

Only a specialist with knowledge and skills in the field of pediatric physiology and specific diseases characteristic of this age group will be able to make the correct diagnosis and prescribe adequate, effective and safe treatment for the child.

Giving a child any medications without first consulting a pediatrician is strictly contraindicated. The specialist determines the appropriate medications, calculates their optimal dosage and dosage regimen, based on the individual characteristics, age, and weight category of the small patient.

How is the reception going?

At an appointment with a pediatrician, a specialist examines a small patient, listens to parents’ complaints, analyzes the general clinical picture and the results of the collected anamnesis. A comprehensive pediatric examination is carried out according to a specific scheme, which includes the following activities:

• visual examination, which assesses the condition of the baby’s skin and mucous membranes;
• examination of the abdominal organs and lymph nodes using the palpation method.
• determination of height and weight (anthropometric data) with subsequent assessment for compliance with the child’s age category;
• measuring body temperature;
• examination of the oral cavity, larynx, tongue;
• Auscultation - listening to the heart, lungs, bronchi of a small patient using a phonendoscope.

The pediatrician interviews the parents or the child himself, provided that he can independently talk about the painful symptoms present and the onset of their manifestation. If certain diseases are suspected, in order to make an accurate diagnosis, the following additional types of studies may be recommended:

• glycemic profile test;
• laboratory testing of urine and blood;
• ultrasound examination of the abdominal organs;
• radiography;
• carrying out a renal-hepatic study.

Also, the competence of a pediatric specialist includes referring the child to specialists of a narrow profile - an ophthalmologist, otolaryngologist, cardiologist, gastroenterologist, etc., if necessary.

After an examination and additional research, the pediatrician develops a course of treatment for the little patient, selects gentle medications to eliminate provoking factors, painful symptoms, and strengthen the child’s immune system.

The responsibilities of the pediatrician also include the development of preventive measures. The doctor talks with young parents about how to properly care for the baby, how to prevent the development of certain pathologies.

Call a specialist to your home

The responsibilities of a pediatrician include visiting small patients at home to conduct an examination, preliminary diagnosis, develop a treatment course, and prescribe medications.

The doctor visits babies during the first two weeks of life. In the future, it is recommended to call a specialist if the child’s body temperature rises to 38 degrees or more, or if the child’s general condition is serious.

If critical, acute symptoms occur, it is recommended to call an ambulance, which will take the baby and mother to the hospital for emergency medical care.

Source: https://nebolet.com/vrachi/detskij-pediatr.html

Pediatrician

Details Updated: 01/23/2020 17:21 Sergey Krakovsky

A pediatrician is a doctor who specializes in childhood diseases.

Content:

History of the profession

Despite the fact that children always needed examination and proper treatment, for a long period there were no qualified specialists who would deal specifically with the health of children.

Pediatrics as a science was officially discussed in 1847, when the world first saw the book “Pediatrics”. It contained a detailed discussion of the types of childhood illnesses, the causes of their occurrence, reliable and effective ways to eliminate and prevent diseases.

It is worth mentioning the luminary of science N.F. Filatov, who contributed to the active development of the pediatrician profession. With his help, it was possible to open the first pediatric hospital, where they treated young patients. He was also the author of methodological literature, which became an excellent guide for students and professionals with many years of experience in the field of medicine.

Features of the profession

Pediatrics studies the types of diseases of children, studies the structure and characteristics of their body, combines the search and development of the most effective methods for eliminating and preventing the occurrence of diseases. At the present stage, pediatric medicine combines a number of branches such as therapy, surgery, cardiology, hematology, oncology, etc.

Even if the child is absolutely healthy, he will have to visit this specialist at certain moments, because in infancy it is much easier to detect signs of the disease and eliminate it, preventing it from becoming chronic. The baby is not able to independently talk about his health, but for a qualified specialist this is not an obstacle.

The work of a pediatrician is extremely responsible, because the slightest mistake can cost the health of a small patient and the doctor’s reputation.

Responsibilities of the profession

A pediatrician is a specialist who monitors the developmental characteristics of a child. If there is the slightest deviation from generally accepted norms, it immediately informs parents.

Each specialist who conducts consultations at the clinic is assigned a specific area. The pediatrician works not only in the office, but also goes to the home address of his patients.

Pediatricians deal with patients of various age categories. For example, a neonatologist deals only with newborns, i.e. babies up to 28 days. Other specialists work with older children, up to 18 years old.

The direct responsibilities of a pediatrician include therapy. At the end of the course of treatment for a young patient, he evaluates the effectiveness of the course of treatment, conducts a re-examination, and talks with the patient and his parents.

Important qualities

Necessary qualities that a pediatrician must have:

• love for your profession;
• the ability to act professionally and harmoniously in a critical situation;
• desire to develop further;
• perseverance;
• communication skills;
• ability to remember a large amount of information;
• politeness;
• resistance to stress;
• neatness;
• the ability to persuade and defend the chosen position;
• Possession of skills to work with relevant documentation.

Skills and knowledge

A pediatrician is an experienced professional who must perfectly know all the properties of the child’s body, the symptoms and origin of currently known childhood ailments, the principle of action of drugs, and understand medical terms set out in Latin.

In addition to professional knowledge, a doctor must be able to find an approach to each of his young patients and establish contact with his parents.

Prospects and career

The profession of pediatrician is one of the most in demand. The salary of a specialist directly depends on his qualifications. After graduating from university, you can work in children's hospitals and clinics.

Education

• The work of a pediatrician is possible only if you have a diploma indicating successful completion of a medical university.
• To gain the necessary experience and confirm their qualifications, a young specialist in the field of pediatrics must continue their education in an internship or residency program.
• Of the total period of study, which is 6-7 years, a year or two is allocated for specialized study of pediatrics.

Source: https://profitworks.com.ua/professii/meditsina/pediatr

Pediatrician

Pediatrics is one of the areas of modern medicine, the most important area of ​​which is the direct treatment of children, from their birth to 14 years.

This area of ​​medicine is based on aspects of life as well as child development. In addition, this includes diseases of the earliest period of life, the treatment of which should greatly contribute to the realization of the innate potential of children.

Pediatrician's work

Everyone knows that to treat a child under 14 years of age, parents should contact a pediatrician. The doctor will always find a common language with the little patient and find out all the details of the child’s condition. In some individual cases, the pediatrician literally becomes a child psychologist. However, in addition to contact with children, the doctor must be able to communicate correctly with the parents of his patients, because the child’s disease or illness must be identified and fully understood, otherwise it may affect the treatment process itself, as well as the final result.

It should be noted that the tasks of a pediatrician are not limited to the treatment of already developed diseases. The list of important tasks also includes holding conversations on the topic of preventing various types of diseases so that the child develops healthy and strong.

In addition, today there are more highly specialized doctors, such as a pediatric surgeon, pediatric psychiatrist, pediatric traumatologist and many others, who can be contacted if a particular disease becomes more serious.

This type of unit makes it possible to significantly increase the level of effectiveness of treatment of childhood diseases.

If we talk about the relevance of the profession, it is determined by a number of important factors.

First of all, this is the presence of peculiar teenage diseases that can be found exclusively in children at the stage of formation and development of their body.

In addition, this can also include the specifics of the course of diseases, because many diseases in people of different age categories occur in completely different ways. It is these age-related characteristics that a pediatrician can recognize.

Responsibilities of a local pediatrician

Who is a local pediatrician? This is still the same children's doctor, however, he sees patients not only within the hospital itself, but also has an assigned city area, the children of which must be under his supervision.

Based on this, we can highlight the main responsibilities of a pediatrician: directly visiting the child, providing appropriate treatment, and monitoring until recovery.

In addition, children under one year of age must be monitored by a doctor daily.

If the pediatrician has seriously ill children in the area, he is obliged to notify the management of the clinic about this.

Source: http://www.doctorfm.ru/doctors/pediatr

Pediatric stage of preventive examinations

• A comprehensive assessment of the child’s health, forecasting the child’s health, identifying risk groups within prescribed periods is carried out during prenatal care, in the newborn period, at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 months.
• Specialized stage of preventive examinations
• · neurologist – during the neonatal period, 1, 2, 12 months; Possible examination at 6 months. if there are medical indications;
• · pediatric surgeon – at 1, 9, 12 months;
• · traumatologist-orthopedist – at 1, 12 months, according to indications at 4 months;
• · Ophthalmologist – at 12 months; maybe 1 month if there are medical indications;
• · pediatric dentist – at 9, 12 months;
• · otorhinolaryngologist – at 12 months, in risk group 1, 2 times a month.
• It is possible to conduct consultations with specialists not listed in the standard if there are medical indications - for a newborn, at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 months.
• Doctor's recommendations for newborn babies

Daily regime. The age regimen of a newborn is called introductory - the formation of a daily routine and feeding regimen.

Starting from the first days of life, the baby needs a correct daily routine - alternation in time of basic physiological needs: sleep, wakefulness, nutrition, walks, hygiene and hardening activities. This contributes to the formation of a certain rhythm of life. Children develop a reflex for time, a dynamic stereotype of behavior is formed, biological rhythms are established, which ensures a calm fall asleep, good appetite, and active behavior while awake.

Pediatrician's recommendations for organizing child feeding. Assessment of maternal lactation status and prevention of hypogalactia.

Breastfeeding a newborn ensures its harmonious development and builds immunity. Feeding on demand is carried out during the adaptation period in order to establish the optimal feeding regimen for mother and child.

Up to 12-20 breastfeedings per day are allowed, including 2-4 night feedings. Recently, it has been recommended that the baby and mother stay in the same bed at night, but during night feedings the night light must be turned on. It is recommended to completely avoid supplementary drinking, even with just water.

For the successful establishment of lactation and overcoming difficulties, it is necessary to motivate the mother to breastfeed. She must have a lactation dominant; to provide psychological support to the nursing mother, she is given arguments in favor of breastfeeding.

For successful lactation, the mother needs a calm environment, constant help and support from loved ones, and adequate sleep (6 hours of sleep at night and 1-2 hours during the day).

Lactation crises observed during breastfeeding (with a frequency of 1.5-2 months) or trends towards a decrease in the volume of secreted milk should be stopped through an increase in breastfeeding, increased nutrition of the mother and her support. It should be remembered that true hypogalactia is extremely rare (about 1%).

To correct the nutrition of a nursing woman, we can recommend special nutritional supplements: “Lactamil”, “Enfamama”, vitamin-metabolic complexes in tablet form, herbal teas for lactation, homeopathic remedies.

Coffee, beer, alcohol, nuts, chocolate, honey, citrus fruits, caviar, and strawberries are excluded from a nursing mother's diet. Limit gas-forming products.

The key to successful lactation can be evidenced by the following clinical signs: on the mother’s side - a formed convex nipple, a developed venous network on the mammary gland, an increase of 1 degree in temperature in the fold under the mammary gland compared to body temperature, the release of a stream of milk when expressing.

Pediatrician's recommendations for hygienic care of a newborn



Source: https://infopedia.su/16x100e.html

How does a pediatrician work, what does he do, what does he treat, his responsibilities

The profession of a pediatrician is one of the most sought after in pediatric medicine. The pediatrician evaluates the child’s physical and neuropsychic development and his school maturity. The doctor also evaluates children according to their health groups, gives recommendations on education and feeding, and prevents chronic diseases in children.

A pediatrician must know the clinical symptoms of the main diseases and borderline conditions of childhood, the causes of the occurrence and development of diseases of the body organs and infectious diseases; modern methods of therapy; basics of pharmacotherapy in children, etc.

What does a pediatrician do?

The list of responsibilities of a pediatrician was approved by order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia. In accordance with it, the responsibilities of a pediatrician include:

• obtaining information about the child’s health;
• organization and implementation of anti-epidemic measures in the source of infection;
• monitoring the child’s health and providing medical and preventive care (dispensary examination);
• organization and implementation of immunoprophylaxis in children (in accordance with the vaccination schedule);
• development and implementation of individual rehabilitation programs for disabled children;
• carrying out sanitary, hygienic and preventive measures to protect children's health;
• issuing certificates and certificates of incapacity for work to care for a sick child.

How does a pediatrician work?

At the appointment, the doctor collects anamnesis (receives information about the child’s illness, studies complaints about his health, his medical history), and conducts an examination.

After the initial consultation, the pediatrician writes a referral for the necessary tests (for example, to do a culture, donate blood or urine for analysis).

Based on the results of the examination, after studying the tests and studies, the pediatrician prescribes treatment or, if necessary, refers to a doctor of a narrow specialization (for example, if vision problems are identified - to an ophthalmologist, if heart disease is suspected - to a cardiologist).

What does the pediatrician treat?

First of all, the pediatrician must be able to diagnose and carry out the necessary treatment of infectious diseases (influenza and acute respiratory infections, dysentery, whooping cough, measles, rubella, scarlet fever, chickenpox, mumps), food poisoning, etc.

In addition, the pediatrician must be able to diagnose diseases of the heart and blood vessels, respiratory system, liver and kidneys, a number of lesions of the gastrointestinal tract, lesions of the nervous system, metabolic disorders, and infectious lesions.

In these cases, the pediatrician refers the patient to the appropriate specialist and monitors the overall progress of treatment.

Source: https://DocDoc.ru/library/chto_lechit_pediatr

Pediatrician: description of the profession

A pediatrician is the first “real” doctor of a newborn child. With his birth, there is a need for constant examinations and qualified timely assistance. Every mother should ensure that her baby is cared for by an experienced and highly qualified specialist.

How to choose a good doctor, what his responsibilities are, why scheduled and unscheduled examinations are needed, the need for patronage, what medical certificates are given to children for kindergarten and school, as well as the correct selection of a clinic in St. Petersburg - we will find out all these topics further.

Pediatrics

The concept of “pediatrics” is translated from Greek as “child treatment.” Doctors and healers have long understood that diseases in children and adults progress differently. But, nevertheless, for quite a long time pediatrics was part of obstetrics. Therefore, those doctors who delivered children subsequently treated newborn babies.

Pediatrics became an independent field in 1802, when the first children's hospital was built in Paris.

The question of the need to separate into an independent field of medicine was dealt with by many Russian scientists and doctors, among whom were A. N. Radishchev, M. V. Lomonosov, N. I. Novikov, I. I. Betsky, S. G. Zybelin.

The first children's hospital was built in 1834 in St. Petersburg, and the second in 1842 in Moscow. 1865 is the year of the establishment of the first department specializing in childhood diseases.

When science became an independent sphere, many narrow specializations arose in it. This is how various categories in the field of pediatrics emerged, for example preventive. They are the ones who are involved in the development and organization of certain actions and activities aimed at preventing morbidity among children.

The list of the main responsibilities of such a specialist includes the following:

1. Carrying out scheduled inspections.
2. Promotion of a healthy lifestyle and hardening.
3. Description of the need for vaccination and examination of children before it.
4. Providing information and conducting conversations about various ways and techniques for maintaining the health of young patients.

In addition, there are three main levels in the preventive direction:

• primary;
• secondary;
• tertiary.

The first option involves prevention using various vaccinations and vitamin complexes.

The second involves early diagnosis and identification of symptoms of emerging diseases. For this purpose, routine screenings, examinations and tests are carried out.

• The last area deals with the prevention of the development of childhood diseases, for which certain diets and other preventive measures are prescribed.
• A pediatrician working in the clinical field deals with the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases in young patients.
• A scientific specialist conducts innovative research and development to preserve the good health of children.
• An environmental worker determines the degree of environmental impact on the condition of young organisms.

The social pediatric department specializes in approving various documentation on public health protection and medical statistics. This also includes interaction with other structures, as a result of which the maximum preservation of children’s health is observed.

Who is a pediatrician?

A doctor who specializes in pediatrics is called a pediatrician. His job responsibilities directly depend on his field of activity. A doctor working in a children's clinic carries out diagnostics, based on the results of which he treats patients.

A pediatrician is the first real doctor of a newborn child. He guides him from birth until he reaches 16 years of age. During this entire period, he monitors their development, growth and the process of the child’s body becoming an adult.

A highly qualified pediatrician must have knowledge in many areas of medicine, because when diagnosing the health status of children, he may encounter various symptoms of diseases.

What does the pediatrician treat?

The most important responsibility of a pediatrician is not the treatment of diseases, but the timely diagnosis of disorders in the normal functioning of the child’s body.

After discharge from the maternity hospital, each mother is given a neonatologist’s report on the health status of the newborn baby. This extract, along with the birth history, is received by a pediatrician at the clinic. The information provided can be of great importance for conducting scheduled and unscheduled examinations, as well as in making a diagnosis.

The field of work of a pediatrician mainly includes the following:

• bacterial and viral infectious diseases;
• digestive system disorders;
• immunological problems;
• predisposition to various allergies.

The pediatrician prescribes tests and additional consultations with more specialized specialists. Sometimes a doctor encounters situations that he is not involved in treating. So, for example, if there is a suspicion of poor vision, the child is referred to an ophthalmologist, and with hearing problems, to an otolaryngologist.

Most often, the pediatrician treats acute respiratory and viral infectious diseases, children's uncomplicated allergic manifestations, chickenpox, sore throat, runny nose, cough and many other ailments.

However, the most important task of such a specialist is to carry out routine examinations and timely diagnosis of possible diseases of a small patient. If deviations in the baby’s health are identified, the pediatrician develops and draws up a further action plan aimed at eliminating or minimizing the problem.

This certificate is issued for the clinic that treats patients in this area.

After receiving this information, the children's doctor, accompanied by a nurse, goes to the little patient's home after a few days to conduct the first routine examination.

This procedure is extremely necessary, because a newly born baby needs special medical supervision and special care. A doctor’s visit is very important for maintaining the child’s good health and his further full development.

During the visit, the pediatrician examines the fontanelle, palpates the abdomen, assesses the degree of healing of the navel, and examines the baby’s tone and various reflexes.

Also, during the first examination of the newborn, the young mother is given advice on breastfeeding and caring for the baby.

Pediatrician appointment - First trip to the doctor

When a newborn baby turns one month old, the mother has a new responsibility. Every month she should bring the child to the clinic for a routine examination.

Most often, to see the youngest patients, the pediatrician prescribes a certain day of the week when infants do not have contact with other, possibly sick, children. This approach ensures a relatively safe visit to the clinic.

A monthly visit to the pediatrician is a necessary stage of monitoring a newborn. During such a visit, the doctor examines the child, listens to the heartbeat and breathing, checks reflexes and palpates the tummy. The mother is also asked about any complaints.

The first year of life is the most active period of development of a small person.

The first visit to a pediatrician is a rather important event that requires some preparation and the baby’s health depends on it. In order to avoid spending several hours in line outside the office, you should first make an appointment with a pediatrician.

The child should be comfortable in his clothes. When choosing an outfit, take into account the fact that the doctor will examine your baby's body for any redness or rashes. His robe should be easy to take off and put on, so as to avoid delaying the doctor.

Pay attention to the temperature outside, choose not very warm clothes to prevent the child from overheating. You can also take wipes, a diaper and your favorite toy. If your visit to the clinic coincides with feeding time, take formula (for artificial feeding) with you.

Consider what you will use to transport your child. The stroller is convenient for moving on the street, but at the clinic you will have to leave it in a specially designated place. Next, the choice is yours: carry the baby in your arms or use a cradle.

Before visiting a pediatrician, a young mother should make a list of questions of interest and think about what worries her about the baby’s health.

Routine examination by a pediatrician

The list of job responsibilities of a pediatrician includes conducting routine examinations of young patients to prevent disturbances in the functioning of their bodies. The greatest attention should be paid to infants who are less than one year old and come to see their mother every month.

The list of scheduled visits also includes vaccinations, which are given not only to newborns, but also to older children. When your child attends school, he can receive vaccinations along with other children. The administration agrees on a certain day with the doctor and they are all taken to the clinic, or, alternatively, the specialist himself comes to the educational institution.

Basically, a routine examination involves measuring the child’s parameters: height and weight, as well as listening to the heart and lungs, examining the condition of the skin for any rashes and redness, and checking reflexes. The pediatrician will study the patient’s medical history, listen to complaints and make certain recommendations.

Unscheduled inspection

Children's immunity cannot always fight various viruses and infections, so babies get sick quite often. If the child’s condition does not require emergency medical care, he will be examined by a pediatrician at the clinic.

The doctor will listen to complaints, examine the little patient and determine the next steps. When additional tests are not needed to make a diagnosis, the specialist draws up a treatment plan.

If they are still necessary, then a treatment regimen is developed after receiving the results.

The following symptoms require a visit to a pediatrician:

• elevated temperature;
• runny nose;
• cough;
• digestive system disorders and abdominal pain;
• joint pain;
• active reaction to vaccination;
• symptoms of an infectious disease;
• pain during urination;
• reaction disturbances.

A pediatrician can examine patients not only in the clinic, but also at home. If the baby’s symptoms are very acute, it is better to call a specialist after calling the hospital reception.

Medical certificates for kindergarten and school

The children's doctor's list of planned procedures also includes examinations of children entering kindergarten or school. When contacting, the doctor gives referrals to specialists and prescribes tests.

After receiving their results and having an extract from all the specified doctors, the pediatrician writes a conclusion and draws up a medical certificate of form 086-U.

This document confirms the fact that the child is allowed to attend the educational institution.

How to choose a doctor

Selecting a good doctor is a rather responsible and important task. Not only the good health of the child depends on the level of training and professionalism of the doctor; sometimes life depends on its timely diagnosis. When selecting a specialist, qualifications are a very important factor.

The pediatrician must have appropriate education and, preferably, extensive work experience. Extensive practice is quite a serious indicator, but sometimes this is not always good.

A doctor who has been working in this field for a long time may have an outdated approach to treatment, without the use of modern innovations in diagnostics and therapy.

If you don’t know what is better to choose: a public or private clinic, then it is better to choose the latter option. There you will find modern equipment and good service.

Regarding the qualifications of a pediatrician, this is, of course, a controversial point.

Some private hospitals employ very highly qualified specialists, while others employ doctors of various categories.

Source: http://cl-veda.ru/vrach-pediatr

Job responsibilities of a hospital pediatrician

• METHODOLOGICAL INSTRUCTIONS
• To the practical lesson
• For 2nd year students
• Specializing in pediatrics
• Discipline: Introduction to the specialty.
• Topic: “WORK OF A DOCTOR IN THE PEDIATRIC DEPARTMENT,
• EMERGENCY DOCTOR."
• Saratov 2012

1. Location: training room of the Department of Hospital Pediatrics, Department of the Clinic of Hospital Pediatrics, emergency room.

2. Duration: 4 hours (of which independent classroom work is 50 minutes)
3. Purpose of the lesson: study the basic functional responsibilities and rights of a pediatrician in a hospital and emergency room.

4. Motivational characteristics of the lesson: In recent years, control over the quality of medical care provided has increased significantly, in connection with this, already while studying at a university, a student must study the main functional responsibilities of a pediatrician in order to be prepared in these matters for the start of independent medical practice and Perform your professional duties at a high level.

As a result of the lesson

The student must:

· Know the basic functional responsibilities of a hospital and emergency room pediatrician in diagnosing, treating patients with various diseases, and observing the sanitary and epidemiological regime. It is also necessary to know the basic rights of a pediatrician and the responsibilities for assigned job responsibilities.

1. · Be able to identify the main functional responsibilities of a pediatrician depending on the task at hand - therapeutic, diagnostic, preventive, anti-epidemic.
2. · Familiarize yourself with the rules for preparing medical documentation, the principles of planning activities and reporting of pediatric services, and have an idea of ​​the availability of standards for the provision of medical care.
3. Graphological diagrams, tables, educational elements
4. The job description defines the job duties, rights and responsibilities of a pediatrician.
5. A person who has a higher medical education and has completed postgraduate training or specialization in the specialty “Pediatrics” is appointed to the position of pediatrician.

A pediatrician must know the basics of Russian legislation on healthcare; regulatory documents regulating the activities of healthcare institutions; the basics of organizing medical and preventive care in hospitals and outpatient clinics, ambulance and emergency medical care, disaster medicine services, sanitary-epidemiological services, drug provision for the population and health care facilities; theoretical foundations, principles and methods of medical examination; organizational and economic foundations of the activities of healthcare institutions and medical workers in the conditions of budgetary insurance medicine; fundamentals of social hygiene, organization and economics of healthcare, medical ethics and deontology; legal aspects of medical practice; general principles and basic methods of clinical, instrumental and laboratory diagnostics of the functional state of organs and systems of the human body; etiology, pathogenesis, clinical symptoms, clinical features, principles of complex treatment of major diseases; rules for providing emergency medical care; basics of examination of temporary disability and medical and social examination; basics of health education; internal labor regulations; rules and regulations of labor protection, safety, industrial sanitation and fire protection.

• In his specialty, a pediatrician must know modern methods of prevention, diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation; content and sections of pediatrics as an independent clinical discipline; tasks, organization, structure, staffing and equipment of the pediatric service; current regulatory, legal, instructional and methodological documents in the specialty; rules for processing medical documentation; the procedure for conducting an examination of temporary disability and medical and social examination; principles of planning and reporting of pediatric services; methods and procedures for monitoring its activities.
• The pediatrician is directly subordinate to the head of the department, and in his absence, to the head of the health care facility or his deputy.
• Job responsibilities of a hospital pediatrician.
• Provides qualified medical care in its specialty, using modern methods of prevention, diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation, approved for use in medical practice.

Determines the tactics of patient management in accordance with established rules and standards. Develops a plan for examining the patient, clarifies the scope and rational methods of examining the patient in order to obtain complete and reliable diagnostic information in the shortest possible time.

Based on clinical observations and examination, anamnesis, data from clinical, laboratory and instrumental studies, establishes (or confirms) a diagnosis.

In accordance with established rules and standards, prescribes and monitors the necessary treatment, organizes or independently carries out the necessary diagnostic, therapeutic, rehabilitation and preventive procedures and activities.

In the hospital, he examines the patient daily. Makes changes to the treatment plan depending on the patient's condition and determines the need for additional examination methods.

Provides advisory assistance to doctors of other departments of health care facilities in their specialty. Supervises the work of the nursing and junior medical personnel subordinate to him (if any), assists them in the performance of their official duties.

Monitors the correctness of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, operation of instruments, apparatus and equipment, rational use of reagents and medications, compliance with safety and labor protection rules by nursing and junior medical personnel. Participates in conducting training courses for medical personnel.

Plans his work and analyzes his performance indicators.

Ensures timely and high-quality execution of medical and other documentation in accordance with established rules. Conducts sanitary education work. Complies with the rules and principles of medical ethics and deontology. Participates in the examination of temporary disability and prepares the necessary documents for medical and social examination.

Complies with internal regulations, fire and safety regulations, and sanitary and epidemiological regulations.

Promptly takes measures, including timely informing management, to eliminate violations of safety regulations, fire safety and sanitary rules that pose a threat to the activities of the healthcare institution, its employees, patients and visitors. Systematically improves his skills.

Source: https://megaobuchalka.ru/6/11782.html