Bladder papilloma in men: diagnosis and treatment

Benign tumors that form on the skin or organs of the genitourinary system are called papillomas.

A growth that appears on the bladder can develop without obvious symptoms for a long period of time. It is very important that the disease is diagnosed in a timely manner, because papillomas can develop into a malignant formation that is life-threatening.

Description of the disease

Bladder papilloma is a benign growth on a thin stalk located on the surface of the bladder. As the disease begins to progress, the tumor grows into the tissue and increases in diameter.

For the most part, the disease is diagnosed in patients over forty-five years of age. Damage to the urethra in women is observed much less frequently than in representatives of the stronger sex. This phenomenon is due to the structure of their urethra.

Regardless of the fact that papillomas are considered benign growths, it is necessary to begin treatment in a timely manner. In the absence of effective therapy, formation on the mucous membrane of the bladder can cause cancer.

There are different types of growths. Transitional cell papilloma of the urea is very often diagnosed.

It is altered in cellular composition, and often develops without a stalk, as if growing from the mucous membrane of the bladder. This type of papilloma can easily grow into the bladder and cause cancer.

Its treatment must be carried out immediately to reduce the likelihood of serious consequences.

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Human papillomavirus

Causes

The root causes of bladder papilloma in men and women may be different. The form, course of the disease, as well as the prognosis for further treatment depend on which factor provokes the formation of a growth on the bladder.

The most common reasons why bladder papilloma begins to develop in women and men are:

• work in which working conditions are considered hazardous to human health;
• the presence of kidney pathologies;
• smoking abuse or regular drinking of alcoholic beverages;
• carcinogenic substances that are present in many foods today;
• diseases of bladder tissue that have an inflammatory etiology;
• diseases that appear as a result of a decrease in the protective functions of the immune system, or regular exposure to stressful situations;
• presence of human papillomavirus in the body;
• problems during urination, leading to stagnation.

 Symptoms

Not everyone knows how to determine the presence of bladder papilloma. The symptoms of the disease, which has just begun its development, are practically not expressed. The appearance of a growth in men on the bladder, which still has a small diameter, may not be noticed. It does not affect the prostate and the urethra functions without any abnormalities.

When papilloma begins to develop and grow, the patient may suspect its presence based on the presence of the following symptoms:

• frequent, painful urination;
• incomplete emptying of the bladder;
• presence of blood streaks in the urine;
• pain in the lumbar or groin areas.

Diagnostics

Diagnostic methods can be laboratory or instrumental.

Laboratory diagnosis of bladder papilloma requires taking the following tests from the patient:

1. General urine and blood tests. A specialist may suspect urinary papillomatosis if test results show an increase in the transitional epithelium. In the results of a blood test, the level of hemoglobin is assessed, because its decrease may be due to the presence of blood impurities in the urine;
2. Test according to Nechiporenko. With its help, the severity of leukocyturia and hematuria is assessed;
3. Blood chemistry. Plasma composition, especially in males, may have increased levels of urea, creatinine, or sugar. This picture often indicates that, as a result of prostate hyperplasia, kidney problems have appeared (for example, the presence of stones) that are chronic in nature;
4. Blood test for prostate-specific antigen (for men). This test helps identify prostate cancer;
5. A swab from the urethra. With its help, the doctor determines whether there are diseases that are sexually transmitted. The presence of pathogenic microorganisms does not eliminate the inflammation occurring in the bladder area;
6. Urine culture for flora, as well as sensitivity to antibacterial agents. The results of these tests will be needed after surgical removal of the papilloma in order to prevent inflammatory processes.

When a patient needs to undergo hospitalization to get rid of papilloma surgically, he donates: blood for the presence of HIV infection, viral hepatitis B and M, syphilis, as well as a stool test for helminths.

Bladder papilloma can be diagnosed using the following instrumental studies:

• cystoscopy - examination of a filled bladder using a cystoscope. Modern devices enable specialists to take a biopsy of the affected area in women, both on an outpatient basis and in an inpatient setting. Men have such a structure of the urethra that cystoscopy can only be performed in a hospital;
• Ultrasound examination of the bladder. Using an ultrasound, the doctor can see a growth on the bladder, but it is impossible to determine whether it is of an oncological nature or not.

How to treat the disease

Treatment of bladder papilloma should be carried out immediately so that its benign cells do not transform into malignant ones. Depending on the root cause of the appearance of the growth, as well as the characteristics of its development, the most effective method of therapy is selected.

Surgical methods

There are many methods for surgically removing papillomas:

• laparoscopy. A hole is made in the peritoneum through which the papilloma is removed using an endoscope. This surgical intervention is used if the growth has not begun to grow inside the muscle tissue;
• radical removal of the tumor. Such intervention is permissible when the bladder and its tissues are damaged, or the growth is malignant. Not only the tumor is removed, but also the bladder. In addition, a woman may lose all organs that have reproductive function, and a man may lose the urethra and prostate.

 Conservative treatment

If there is papilloma in the bladder, treatment without surgery is carried out if the disease is just beginning to develop. Also, medications are prescribed after surgical removal of the growth.

When a patient is diagnosed with urinary carcinoma, in order to reduce the risk of cancer, immunostimulants and chemotherapy are prescribed. The disease often recurs.

This can be avoided by preventing it by introducing special drugs into the bladder.

 ethnoscience

When a person develops bladder papilloma, treatment with folk remedies should take place in parallel with the main therapy.

Homemade recipes help strengthen the protective functions of the immune system to counteract the inflammatory process in the bladder.

The following traditional medicine recipes have repeatedly shown their effectiveness in practice:

• celandine decoction. Dry leaves are poured with boiling water and left for thirty minutes. Before eating, you need to drink a few sips of the resulting decoction;
• hemlock tincture. To prepare it, the plant is thoroughly washed, dried, and then filled with alcohol. The resulting mixture must be left for twenty days in a cool, dark place. The infusion is concentrated, so it must be diluted with water before ingestion. The course of treatment must be at least one month;
• alcohol tincture of Vekha root. First, the root is washed, crushed, and filled with alcohol. After two weeks, the infusion is ready for use. Treatment is carried out over the course of a month, starting with two or three drops of the product, gradually increasing their number to twenty-five at a time.

Complications

In the absence of effective treatment for urinary papillomatosis, the growth will grow, putting pressure on the affected organ and interfering with its full functioning. One of the most dangerous complications of urinary papilloma is the malignancy of its cells.

To prevent this, you should not delay treatment of the disease.

Source: https://papilom-net.ru/vpch/papilloma-mochevogo-puzyrya

Bladder papillomas: symptoms and treatment

The content of the article:

Papilloma of the bladder is a benign formation that comes from the transitional cell epithelium of the mucous membrane of the organ.

The etiology and pathogenesis of papilloma development have not been fully elucidated. At the initial stage, papilloma is located on the mucous membrane of the bladder; if the process spreads, papilloma cells can spread deep into the tissues of the bladder, penetrating through the submucosal layer. The diagnosis is quite rare, in 10% of cases of all diseases of the urinary system. At a young age it is less common than at the age of 45-70 years. The negative impact of prolonged contact of the body with paints and varnishes, especially aniline dyes, has been noted. There is an opinion that traumatization of the walls of the bladder by a foreign body, a calculus, in some cases, can lead to the formation of papilloma, but absolute evidence of the influence of a traumatic agent on the tumor process has not yet been provided, just as the viral theory of pathogenesis has not been confirmed. The diagnosis of bladder papilloma in men is more common; the reason for this adherence has not yet been proven, but some urologists believe that this is associated with the development of symptoms of bladder outlet obstruction. Against the background of benign prostatic hyperplasia, a modification of the mucous membrane of the bladder occurs; an additional provoking factor is the addition of inflammation against the background of constant stagnation of urine. Chronic recurrent cystitis provokes the development of papilloma, especially without the use of adequate therapy, which contributes to the formation of erosive defects on the mucous membrane of the bladder. Bad habits that provoke the development of all tumors in general, including bladder papillomas, include alcohol abuse and smoking. Bladder papilloma Despite the fact that histologically (based on cellular composition) the tumor is considered benign, under certain circumstances (which is debatable) bladder papilloma can become malignant. In most cases, papilloma develops singly in the bladder, but there may also be multiple papillomas (papillomatosis); in some cases, neoplasms of the urethra are diagnosed. The most common benign tumors of the urethra include caruncle, a type of urethral polyp. The treatment for urethral polyp is surgical - electroexcision, which allows you to normalize the urine stream.

Bladder papilloma: symptoms

Such a neoplasm does not manifest itself clinically. A history of recurrent (repeating) episodes of painless total hematuria (blood in the urine, urine uniformly colored) allows one to suspect a tumor formation in the bladder.

There may be dysuric disorders :

1. pain, discomfort,
2. frequent urination,
3. feeling of heaviness in the lower abdomen,
4. imperative urge to urinate. Differential diagnosis is carried out with acute hemorrhagic cystitis, hemorrhagic glomerulonephritis, and malignant neoplasm of the bladder.

Diagnosis of bladder papilloma

Diagnostics is divided into laboratory and instrumental.

Laboratory diagnostics consists of performing the following tests:

1. General blood test, general urine test.
In OAM, as a rule, there is no evidence of inflammation.
The OAC pays attention to hemoglobin; it may be reduced due to periodic excretion of blood in the urine. 2. Nechiporenko’s test. Allows you to assess the severity of latent leukocyturia and hematuria.
3. Blood biochemistry: urea, creatinine, sugar. In men with papilloma of the bladder against the background of prostate hyperplasia, due to symptoms of bladder outlet obstruction, chronic renal failure may occur, in which the level of urea and creatinine in the blood is increased.
4. Blood test for prostate-specific antigen for men. Allows you to confirm or refute the presence of a malignant tumor process in the prostate gland.
5. A smear of the discharge of the urethra for sexually transmitted diseases. The constant presence of a microbial agent (ureaplasma, mycoplasma, chlamydia, HPV, trichomonas, gardnerella) supports the inflammatory process.
6. Urine culture for flora and sensitivity to antibiotics. The information will be useful in the postoperative period, when antibacterial therapy is prescribed for prophylactic purposes.
If hospitalization for surgical treatment is planned, the following tests will be needed: 1. blood for HIV infection, 2. blood for viral hepatitis B and C,
3. feces for helminths,
4. blood for syphilis using the ELISA method.

Instrumental diagnostics

The diagnosis of papilloma is made during cystoscopy (examination of a full bladder using special optics).
A number of modern cystoscopes allow you to take a biopsy from a suspicious area followed by histological examination. In an outpatient setting, cystoscopy in a woman is quite possible. It is better to perform a biopsy in a hospital setting, as there is a risk of bleeding. For men, due to the anatomical structure of the urethra, cystoscopy is performed in a hospital setting. An ultrasound of the bladder allows one to discern a formation on the wall of the organ, but it is not possible to judge the benign or malignant nature of the process only from ultrasound data. In the initial stages, both papilloma and bladder tumor give approximately the same sonographic picture.

What does papilloma look like?

At the initial stage of development, papilloma resembles a small growth on a thin stalk; in the process of further development, it can spread from the mucous membrane to the submucosal and muscular layers of the bladder.
So, typical signs of papilloma: 1. exophytic growth (growth deep into the tissue), 2. white-pink color,
3. villous surface,
4. soft consistency.

Treatment

Treatment of bladder papilloma is only surgical, since there is a high risk of malignancy (degeneration into a malignant tumor).

Conservative therapy is carried out as preoperative preparation, for example, to eliminate the inflammatory process in the organs of the genitourinary system.

Preference is given to endoscopic operations; in particular, transurethral resection (TUR) can achieve good results for removing papilloma of the bladder wall.

The advantages of endoscopic high-tech treatment include:

• low invasiveness,
• bloodlessness,
• possibility of repeated execution,
• minimal risk of bleeding,
• possibility of taking material from the pathological area for biopsy,
• short period of time the urethral drainage is in the bladder,
• possibility of performing manipulations on patients with severe extragenital pathology.
The operation itself is carried out without an incision, since access to the papilloma of the bladder is provided by the urethra, through which a resectoscope with a laser tip is inserted. Using a laser beam, the pathological tissue is cut off layer by layer with a special loop while simultaneously coagulating the bleeding vessels. Upon completion of the resection, an elastic catheter is installed through the urethra to drain urine.

Contraindications for TOUR

Severe diseases of the cardiovascular system (acute myocardial infarction, strokes). Coagulopathies (diseases of the blood coagulation system).

Acute inflammatory processes of the genitourinary organs: pyelonephritis, cystitis, colpitis in women; prostatitis, vesiculitis, urethritis, orchiepididymitis in men.

Infectious, viral diseases in the acute phase. Diseases of the hip joints that do not allow one to take the necessary position for manipulation.

Postoperative period

The period after transurethral resection usually proceeds smoothly, the catheter is removed after 3-4 days, and spontaneous urination is restored.

To prevent the addition of a secondary infection, antibacterial therapy is prescribed with one of the broad-spectrum antibiotics, if culture and antibiotic sensitivity tests were not performed before surgery.

Please note that, despite the fact that transurethral resection is considered the “gold standard” of endoscopic urology, if the papilloma is located deep in the cervix, then open surgery followed by cryodestruction of the tumor tissue will be preferable.

Usually on days 9-11 the patient is discharged from the hospital and remains under the supervision of a urologist from the clinic for several more weeks. With histological confirmation of bladder cancer, further treatment is carried out by an oncologist.

Prevention

To prevent tumor pathology of the bladder and other organs of the genitourinary system, both men and women need to be examined once a year, take urine tests, and if there are any changes, undergo ultrasound diagnostics.

To prevent sexually transmitted infections, use a condom, especially during casual sex.

Men diagnosed with benign prostatic hyperplasia should not allow the development of chronic urinary retention and take medications as prescribed by the doctor.

Stop drinking alcohol and smoking.

What to do if your kidneys start to hurt

Discomfort in the back or lumbar region does not always indicate that it is the kidneys that are hurting. There are a number of neurological diseases - osteochondrosis, neuritis, intercostal neuralgia

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Details

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Source: https://genitalhealth.ru/122/Papillomy-mochevogo-puzyrya-simptomy-i-lechenie/

Bladder papilloma: symptoms, treatment

A disease such as papilloma of the bladder is very rare. According to statistics, about 10% of people suffer from this pathology. A benign formation causes unpleasant symptoms and threatens complications in the form of cancer if treatment is started late. According to ICD 10, tumors of the ureter and bladder are coded C 66 and C 67.

What kind of disease is this and why is it dangerous?

What kind of disease is this? Papilloma is a small soft formation growing on a stalk from the wall of the bladder. It is classified as a precancerous pathology. Bladder papilloma in men is scientifically called carcinoma. In both sexes, the development of the growth is facilitated by a virus present in the body called HPV.

According to physiological characteristics, benign formations of the bladder and urethra most often occur in men. A number of factors lead to the appearance of papilloma and its growth. For example, urolithiasis, the presence of prostatitis, cystitis, urethritis.

Why is papilloma in the bladder dangerous? The tumor may be absolutely harmless and respond well to treatment, the main thing is to detect the growth in time.

Important! In case of late presentation to the hospital, the benign growth turns into malignant, that is, cancer.

Types of growths

Medical professionals identify several common types of papillomas in this organ. These include:

1. Squamous cell papilloma is a benign tumor. Among all types of disease it is considered the most common. In women, the cell type often degenerates into cervical cancer. Most often, this diagnosis is made to patients over 50 years of age.
2. Urothelial papilloma is a non-cancerous benign formation. This type is not as common as other male cancers associated with genitourinary HPV. Often the resulting polyp is mistakenly diagnosed as prostatitis or prostate adenoma.
3. The papillary type of neoplasm is considered malignant. The mucous membrane around and near the outgrowths is unchanged. Papillary bladder cancer begins to develop from the transitional epithelium. Ulcerative formations, necrosis and bleeding are often observed. This type of cancer can grow into the mucous, submucosal and muscular layers of the walls.
4. Transitional cell papilloma appears as a growth on a thin stalk. The transitional type of formation is most often removed in men aged 40 or more. The cause of papillomas is sexual contact with an infected person. Microscopic specimen of papilloma: numerous growths of formations in the transitional epithelium.

The epithelial type of growth is called carcinoma or cancer. Most often, such tumors occur in older men.

Clinical manifestations of papilloma

To begin timely treatment, you need to know what symptoms appear with papilloma. The most common signs of the disease are:

• hematuria, which is of two types - microhematuria and macrohematuria;
• painful urination;
• the patient constantly experiences a false urge to go to the toilet;
• burning;
• the location of the tumor next to the ureter can block it, which contributes to stagnation of urine, causing pyelonephritis and kidney failure.

The patient also complains of difficulty urinating. To go to the toilet, a person has to strain his abdominal muscles, and this leads to spasmodic pain. Frequent urge to go to the toilet occurs because the tumor grows and the capacity of the bladder decreases.

Surgical removal of the tumor

After diagnosis and detection of papilloma, the doctor prescribes treatment. The goal of therapy is to remove the formation to prevent degeneration into a cancerous tumor. The removal operation is carried out depending on the degree of growth of growth into the walls of the bladder. Possible surgical interventions and when they are indicated:

1. Endoscopy. During endoscopic surgery, electrical resection is performed. It is carried out for typical and atypical papillomas in the first stages of development of papillary cancer. This type of operation is prescribed when the muscle layer is not affected. Electroresection is considered the most gentle method of removal; after it, the patient quickly recovers.
2. Surgical removal is necessary when formations penetrate into the muscular layer of the organ. Excision of papilloma with a scalpel threatens the patient with some complications, so it is better to visit the doctor more often so that treatment can be started earlier if necessary. This removal of the growth takes place with the replacement of the affected part. If there are too many papillomas, the bladder is completely removed, which is replaced with a part of the large or small intestine.
3. Radiation therapy involves complete removal of the organ. After which the surgeon creates a new reservoir for collecting urine.
4. Radical cystectomy is considered the most difficult operation. In females, the surgeon completely removes the bladder, uterus, anterior vaginal wall and urethra. Men will have to cut out the organ itself, the prostate and the urethra. This surgical intervention is prescribed if the tumors have gone too far and conventional removal will not help get rid of them.

Attention! If any of the side effects occur, contact your doctor immediately.

Each operation threatens the patient with minor bleeding, nausea, poor health, weakness, pain in the first days after the operation and a burning sensation when going to the toilet.

Conservative treatment and use of folk remedies

After surgical removal of the formations, the patient is prescribed medication. How to treat? Doctors prescribe antiviral therapy. It is necessary to reduce the risk of relapse. Patients are also prescribed anti-inflammatory tablets that restore urodynamics. Such drugs include:

• Urolesan;
• Cyston;
• Phytolysin.

It is also necessary to undergo prophylaxis. It consists of catheter administration of special medications into the cavity of the urinary organ. To avoid relapse, the victim needs to visit a urologist or gynecologist several times a year. In addition, it is imperative to monitor the fullness of the bladder and visit the toilet on time.

Attention! This disease cannot be cured at home.

Treatment of bladder papilloma with folk remedies will help restore immunity. A good recipe: mix equal amounts of rose hips, cranberries, raspberries, sea buckthorn and currants. Pour boiling water over it, let the product sit for a while, take it several times a day.

Medicinal herbs, garlic, and alcohol tinctures have proven their effectiveness in boosting the immune system.

Parsley and dill are crushed in a blender, mixed with water so that the mass is thick and added to pasta or potatoes.

For the treatment of benign or malignant tumors, it is recommended to drink tinctures of hemlock or poisonous vekha root. The effectiveness of treatment with folk remedies will be stronger if both medications are used simultaneously.

Source: https://papilloma03.ru/papilloma-mochevogo-puzyrya.html

Bladder papilloma: symptoms, diagnosis and treatment

Bladder papilloma is an initially benign growth on the mucous membranes of the organ. The appearance of papillomatous lesions is due to impaired regeneration of mucosal epithelial cells. Localization of papilloma in the bladder poses a danger to the normal function of the urinary system, as well as the risk of oncology of internal organs.

What is bladder papilloma?

There are two main types of neoplasms:

1. Protruding above the surface of the mucous membranes;
2. Growing deep into the epithelium.

Both pose a potential threat to the patient’s health.

At risk are people over 45-50 years of age, with a complicated nephrological or urological history, with progressive renal failure and persistent metabolic disorders.

Papillomatous lesions on the mucous membranes are prone to rapid growth and spread, so already advanced forms of the disease with extensive changes in the internal walls of the bladder are more common.

Growths can also spread throughout the structural units of the genitourinary and excretory system:

• ureters,
• urethra,
• pelvis,
• kidneys

The causes of papillomas in the urinary tract have not yet been clarified. The main theory is due to the damage to the body by the human papillomavirus through sexual contact with a virus carrier. A number of negative factors and diseases of the genitourinary system can provoke the formation of growths.

The diagnosis refers to rare clinical situations, ICD 10 code - C66 and C67 - tumor of the ureters and bladder.

Characteristics and types

The classification of papillomas inside the bladder determines many different diagnostic criteria. Several types of neoplasms are considered common.

Squamous

A common type of papillomatous unit, squamous cell papilloma of the bladder is often found in women over 45 years of age. It is characterized by a flat shape and a tendency to slowly grow deep into epithelial structures. More than any neoplasm, cells are prone to cancerous transformation.

Inverted

Inverted papilloma is a benign neoplasm and also grows inside the tissues of the walls of the bladder. The main reason is a persistent decrease in immunity, chronic cystitis, urethritis.

It is usually detected incidentally on ultrasound of the abdominal cavity and internal genital organs. Rarely degenerates into a malignant tumor.

Urothelial

A benign growth associated with changes in the structure of urothelial tissue. Urothelial papilloma of the bladder is usually found in men and is mistakenly accepted according to ultrasound results as prostate adenoma, prostatitis of any origin.

It is impossible to accurately determine the risks of malignancy of neoplasm cells and transformation into a cancerous tumor; it all depends on the contributing factors.

Papillary cancer

A dangerous type of tumor with a progressive oncological course. The onset of the pathological process occurs from the development in the transitional epithelium at the site of ulcerative-erosive lesions of the mucous membranes, necrosis or bleeding. Papillary papillomas can grow deep into the muscular structures of the organ walls.

Transitional cell

Transitional cell (or exophytic, benign epithelioma) papilloma is a growth on a small thin stalk with numerous growths in the transitional epithelium. According to the classification of oncogenicity, transitional cell papilloma is classified as stage 0 cancer and stage 1 papillary urothelial cancer.

The neoplasm protrudes inside the urinary cavity in the form of a “bush” with many small papillae. Transitional cell papilloma accounts for up to 30% of all clinical cases of bladder tumors.

There are two main types:

1. Villous small neoplasm with a diameter of up to 0.8 cm . The growth has a narrow stroma or a long thin stalk. Tends to recur after radical removal. They rarely malignize and transform into a malignant tumor. Obtaining a complete picture and morphological features of small villous growths is possible from a cytoscopic examination.
2. Large coarse villous papillomas with a diameter of up to 2 cm . The lesion has a wide stroma and almost always recurs after removal. It becomes malignant in 25% of patients with urothelial tumors. There are no signs of cellular atypia, but the activity of epithelial cells is increased.

Both forms must be differentiated from papillary transitional cell carcinoma.

At risk are men and women over 40 years of age who have chronic diseases of the urinary system and autoimmune disorders.

The prognosis for urothelial papilloma depends on multiple factors. If atypical symptoms appear, it is important to immediately consult your doctor.

Symptoms

A clear sign of urothelial neoplasms in the ureter and at the base of the ureter is hematuria syndrome (blood in the urine).

The main symptoms of papillomas in the urinary tract are:

• painful urination;
• violation of the jet pressure during miction;
• the need for effort when emptying the bladder;
• pain in the groin area.

It is important to differentiate papillomatosis from cystitis, urethritis, and prostatitis. Often, against the background of a weakened immune system, bacterial infections occur, then the symptomatic picture is supplemented by pain, burning and stinging.

Diagnostic measures

The main tests to detect papilloma are:

• general blood test (hemoglobin levels are important);
• biochemical blood test (renal and liver function indicators, sugar);
• general urine test (leukocyte counts, although in rare cases there is an increase within the visual range);
• urine culture to determine microflora;
• smear from the cervical canal, urethra (detection of specific pathogenic media, including HPV, ureaplasma, mycoplasma).

Informative instrumental studies:

• Ultrasound of the bladder,
• endoscopic examination using special instruments,
• X-ray contrast methods with the introduction of barium and iodine-containing drugs.

Usually this information is sufficient to identify urothelial tumors. If the diagnosis is questionable, additional studies are required, for example, MRI, CT diagnostics, consultations with specialized specialists.

Treatment

The following factors are the basis for immediate surgery::

• disturbance of urine outflow;
• gross hematuria and iron deficiency anemia;
• severe symptomatic course, risk of developing chronic renal failure.

Large volumes of tumors, a tendency towards malignancy and risks of trauma - all this serves as a reason for planned surgery. In other cases and with temporary contraindications, watchful waiting or drug correction may be indicated.

Drug treatment

The goal of conservative therapy is to minimize the risks of infectious complications, prevent and prevent exacerbation of chronic diseases. The drugs can negatively affect small neoplasms on the stem, leading to their self-amputation.

The following drugs are usually prescribed:

• Uroantiseptics for the sanitation of urine (Furagin, Furadonin, Furamag, Nitroxoline);
• Broad-spectrum antibiotics for bacterial infections (Cifran, Ceftriaxone, Sumamed, Suprax, Azithromycin);
• Long-acting or fast-acting loop diuretics (Diuver, Hypothiazide, Torasemide, Furosemide, Lasix, Veroshpiron);
• Antiviral agents to suppress HPV activity in the body;
• Vitamin complexes.

Drug therapy is also prescribed after removal of papillomas in the bladder to successfully restore the body and prevent early relapses.

Removal methods

Surgical correction is considered a promising treatment option.

After the diagnosis has been carried out, surgical tactics are chosen.:

• TUR or transurethral resection . The method is used if the tumor has not grown into the muscular structures of the organ. Access to the site of treatment does not involve incisions; the manipulation is carried out using the endoscopic method.
• Radiation therapy . An organ-preserving technique for removing papillomas at the stage of cell malignancy or during an oncological process. The method has many disadvantages, side effects and complications.
• Radical removal . The method involves complete or partial removal of the organ, followed by the formation of a urinary bladder or stoma to drain urine out. Radical surgery and amputation are indicated for metastases or multiple papillomas with risks of cell malignancy.
• Cystectomy . The method involves removing the bladder along with the prostate (in men) and part of the vagina or uterus (in women). This happens if it is not possible to overcome the disease and save life in other ways.

Removal of tumors in the bladder occurs under general anesthesia.

During the recovery period, it is important to follow all medical recommendations and take appropriate medications.

The surgeon talks about the TUR operation and possible complications:

The prognosis for bladder papillomas depends on the timeliness of treatment.

Prevention of the growth of neoplasms and their proliferation consists of proper medication correction, a protective regime, sexual discipline and timely emptying of the bladder.

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Source: https://polipunet.ru/dobrokachestvennaja-opuhol/papilloma/mochevogo-puzyrya

Bladder papilloma: symptoms and treatment

Papillomas are essentially benign formations, but despite this, they can degenerate into malignant ones if they are not treated.

Incorrect removal and improper postoperative rehabilitation also lead to transformation into the stage of cancer.

In ten percent of cases of tumors of the urinary system, the cause is papilloma of the bladder, which accounts for thirty percent of all diseases of this organ.

If you suspect such a formation in the organs of the urinary system, you should definitely consult a doctor, as this may be the beginning of the appearance of a malignant tumor.

Bladder papillomatosis

Many people do not think that problems with the urinary system can be serious due to the lack of awareness in this area of ​​medicine. But everything changes when the first frightening, serious symptoms appear.

Papilloma is a benign neoplasm on the walls of the bladder. At the very beginning, a growth appears on the stalk with hairs growing out of it (transitional cell, benign urothelial papilloma), which subsequently grow. At the same time, the leg is shortened.

In the future, the neoplasm can grow into the walls of the bladder, and the hairs become keratinized and increase in thickness. Malignant tumors of the bladder occur in 70 percent of patients and are observed in patients 40–60 years of age.

There are four times more men with this form of the disease than women.

In women, squamous cell papilloma differs from that in men, which is explained by differences in the placement of the genitourinary organs in people of different sexes. In patients, tumors mainly have an epithelial structure.

Whereas in male patients it consists of villi tightly adjacent to each other. But in general, gender differences are not so noticeable, and papillomas can be successfully treated.

Therefore, there is no need to be very upset when you discover bladder papilloma; you just need to consult a specialist in time.

Causes of papillomas in the bladder

The reliable causes of this disease are unknown, but there is a connection between papillomatosis (multiple papillomas) and smoking, stressful situations, and the effect of carcinogens of biological and chemical nature.

The transformation of papillomas into malignant neoplasms most often occurs in people working with rubber, paints and varnishes, aniline products, and those involved in the production of paper and chemical components. The disease can occur even after ten years, when a person no longer works in the above-mentioned industries.

Bladder papillomas most often grow in people over 50 years of age. Persons suffering from:

• kidney diseases;
• inflammation of the genitourinary system;
• alcoholism;
• autoimmune diseases;
• infected with human papillomavirus (HPV).

Carcinogens certainly influence the occurrence of neoplasms upon contact with the mucous membrane of the genitourinary system. In this case, its top layer is destroyed. To ensure that the consequences of such contacts are minimal, you need to follow the following tips:

1. Drink clean water (up to 2.5 liters per day).
2. Empty your bladder in a timely manner (it has been proven that in people who have the habit of visiting the toilet on time, neoplasms in the bladder are much less common).

Diagnosis and symptoms

You can find out about the presence of papilloma in the bladder during a routine examination by a urologist and during an ultrasound of the genitourinary organs. As such, there are no signs of its appearance, but when the formation has grown into the walls of the bladder, blood appears in the urine. Its volume can be either minimal or significant. Blood can be observed both once and continuously. All this is a reason to contact a urologist.

You should also visit a specialist if papillomas occur on the skin, as they tend to multiply and migrate to internal organs.

Along with bleeding, pain may appear in the lumbar and groin areas. This disease may be accompanied by other diseases (due to weakened immunity), such as cystitis and various infections.

Therefore, it is better to use cystoscopy; during it, an endoscope is inserted into the urinary organ and, using a camera and lighting, they look for grown formations. If any are detected, a sample of papilloma tissue is taken for histology.

Cystoscopy reveals very small tumors, ranging in size from 0.3 cm.

Treatment of papillomas with modern methods

Treatment depends on the nature of the formation. For a superficial tumor, which happens in 75 percent of cases, transurethral resection, which is an endoscopic operation, is used. During this procedure, electrical resection of the surface of the organ on which the growth appeared is performed. If there is germination into the muscle layer, then surgical excision and radiation therapy are performed.

With the surgical method, the affected area, sometimes the entire bladder, is removed. Irradiation is performed before the organ is removed. It is not always effective, and its disadvantage is the development of side complications.

One of them is inflammation of the mucous membrane, which causes painful and frequent urges and fever. Urine takes on a red tint from mixed blood. If this side effect occurs, radiation therapy is stopped and treatment is carried out with medications.

When carrying out radiation therapy, avoid smoking and alcohol. You should adhere to a healthy lifestyle, walk daily and eat as healthy as possible.

After removal of the tumor (regardless of the location, ingrown or superficial), immune or chemotherapy is necessarily prescribed to avoid possible recurrences of this disease.

Prophylaxis with medications may also be prescribed, in which a special solution is injected into the bladder.

All this minimizes the risk of relapse by 20 percent, while without drug therapy, within a five-year period, the development of bladder papilloma is possible in 80 percent of cases.

Amateur activities in the form of using folk remedies are fraught with subsequent serious complications; it is better to completely abandon such methods and follow the recommendations of specialists with medical education.

Radical cystectomy is used in cases where treatment with the above methods has not or will not produce any results. In this operation, the bladder, uterus, anterior vaginal wall and urethra (in female patients) or the bladder, prostate and urethra (in male patients) are removed.

Papilloma in the bladder may not be so dangerous at all and can be completely cured. But for this, it is necessary to identify this disease in time.

A disease that was not paid attention to and was not cured can be treated much longer and more persistently. At the same time, it will spread metastases to other parts of the human body, in tissues and cavities.

Independent use of medications and folk remedies cannot be a guaranteed prevention of this disease; it is completely ineffective. Bladder papilloma is treated exclusively by excision of tumors or removal of this organ, which can only be performed by a medical specialist.

To avoid serious complications, you should follow all the doctor’s recommendations and build your lifestyle correctly. In addition, this disease very often leads to pathology of the genitourinary organs, so women need to consult a gynecologist.

Source: https://papillomy03.ru/zabolevaniya/papilloma-mochevogo-puzyrya.html