Symptoms of average caries and prevention of the development of pathology

There are a great variety of dental diseases, but caries is considered one of the most widespread and widespread. Translated from Latin, this word means “rotting.”

Dental caries – what is it?

Caries is a disease characterized by the gradual destruction of tooth tissue (enamel or dentin). The appearance of “holes in teeth” is caused by changes in microflora and the spread of infection in the oral cavity. This disease is equally dangerous for both adults and children.

Classification

Experts distinguish the following types of caries:

1. Uncomplicated forms of the disease:

• surface;
• average;
• deep.

2. Complicated forms of the disease:

In addition, there are bottle and cervical caries, which arise as a result of demineralization and softening of tooth tissue.

Following another classification, it can be primary or secondary. In the latter case, it appears on previously filled teeth.

Video about the occurrence of caries

Causes of caries

Several reasons can lead to the formation of a carious cavity:

• unbalanced diet (excessive consumption of foods rich in carbohydrates, lack of vitamins and microelements);
• insufficient oral hygiene (untimely removal of plaque);
• special structure of the tooth surface (accumulation of plaque in fissures and spaces between teeth);
• insufficient salivation;
• genetic predisposition.

Symptoms

The pathogenesis or occurrence, the origin of caries occurs in several stages. At the initial stage or “spot” stage, a whitish or darkish speck forms on the enamel.

Next comes the stage of superficial caries, when the patient experiences temporary pain when eating too cold, sweet, salty or sour foods. In the first two stages, only the enamel is destroyed.

At the stage of average caries, dentin (mineralized tooth tissue) begins to undergo destruction, and a carious cavity is formed.

To better understand what the signs of caries look like, you need to look at the photo. Perhaps this measure will help you track the disease at an early stage.

Stages of caries

Treatment

The appropriate method of caries treatment is selected by the dentist only after diagnosing the teeth and oral cavity, and it depends on the degree of development of the disease.

The goal of treatment is to remove damaged dentin or enamel and restore tooth function using a variety of filling materials (polymers, cements, metals).

But how can you get rid of acute caries without unnecessary pain? In this case, during treatment, infiltration and conduction anesthesia is used, for example, a lidocaine solution is injected.

Filling materials for the treatment of caries

Prevention

The main recommendations of dentists for the prevention of carious diseases are that you should eat right, pay attention to oral hygiene and come to the dentist for a preventive examination every six months. An additional measure against caries can be professional teeth cleaning.

Proper dental care and timely treatment will help you avoid the development of complications such as pulpitis, periodontitis, granuloma, etc.

On the dental portal you have the opportunity to make an appointment with qualified specialists who will conduct a full dental diagnosis and identify the main problems.

1. Drilling with a drill, ozone therapy, infiltration, abrasive treatment - there is an optimal treatment for each type of caries. Average price in Moscow 2970 ₽
2. Icon method - dental treatment without drilling The use of Icon infiltrate is suitable for the treatment of superficial caries, eliminating the need to treat the affected area with a drill. The procedure takes from 15 minutes to half an hour. Average price in Moscow 2970 ₽
3. How to treat cervical caries At the initial stage of cervical caries, the Icon method is effective; when a carious cavity forms, filling with photopolymers is effective. Average price in Moscow 2970 ₽

Source: https://MyDentist.ru/diseases/karies/

Average caries: symptoms, causes, step-by-step treatment and prevention

The process by which tooth decay occurs is called caries. Every person faces such a problem at least once in their life. The cause of its development can be many microorganisms. If measures are not taken to eliminate the disease in a timely manner, it can develop into the form of medium-sized caries, in which not only tooth enamel is damaged, but also dentitis.

1. Description of the pathology
2. Forms
3. Causes
4. Symptoms
5. Diagnostics
6. Treatment
7. Prevention

Description of the pathology

Medium caries is a process whose development occurs against the background of demineralization of enamel and the action of organic acid on the dental structure. This stage is facilitated by the initial degree of caries, in which only the enamel is destroyed. As a result, the person does not feel any discomfort.

The average form of the carious process affects deeper areas, including dentitis, which is a porous surface of the tooth structure, localized under the enamel.

This structure has a weak consistency and many cavities, which allow caries to penetrate deeper and damage the entire tooth.

Forms

Depending on the severity of the disease, it has two main forms:

1. Chronic . Signs of pathology are immediately noticeable, as a hole with hard walls forms on the enamel. The course of the process is observed for a long time without the manifestation of any symptoms. It is for this reason that the disease is considered dangerous, since the likelihood of a smooth transition from the middle stage to the severe stage increases. The localization of the carious process is the chewing surface.
2. Spicy . As in the first case, it is characterized by the formation of a cavity, but with more fragile edges and filled with dentitis, which has a soft consistency. The process covers the neck of the tooth and fissures.

According to the degree of localization, average caries is classified into six groups:

1. The first is that carious cavities are located in natural cavities.
2. Second , the formation of caries is diagnosed from the sides of the teeth, which are in contact with each other.
3. Third , cavities affect the same surfaces on the canines and incisors.
4. Fourth , the parts in contact with each other and the corners or edges of the crown are affected.
5. Fifth - includes carious cavities in the cervical parts.
6. Sixth – resorption of the cutting edges of the fangs and incisors, as well as caries of chewing teeth, is observed.

Depending on the intensity of the lesion:

Based on the speed of development of pathology, the following types are distinguished:

• slow;
• suspended;
• fast.

In addition, professional dentists also distinguish such a type as recurrent caries. Relapse is usually diagnosed in a site that was previously treated.

Many are sure that such a problem is preceded by the specialist’s dishonesty during the implementation of treatment measures. However, not in all cases the fault lies with the doctor. The causes of this form of the disease have not yet been studied, but each treatment ends with a relapse.

Causes

If oral hygiene procedures are not followed correctly, dental plaque can form. In it, bacteria begin to actively multiply, which leads to the destruction of the layers of the crown.

In fact, dental plaque has nothing to do with the superficial carious process. There are 3 known types of bacteria (streptococci), under the influence of which the enamel, cementum and dentitis of the tooth are affected:

• Mutants.
• Sangvis.
• Salivarius.

There are also reasons whose influence is no less than pathogenic microorganisms. These include:

• excessive consumption of fast carbohydrates , which contributes to the formation of soft plaque after brushing your teeth;
• altered mineral composition of saliva during various diseases;
• weakened immunity ;
• food grains remaining between the teeth as a result of poor cleaning;
• insufficient fluoride in water intended for drinking;
• genetic predisposition ;
• disruptions in the functioning of the immune system during pregnancy, when the child’s teeth are formed;
• deficiency of vitamins and minerals;
• consumption of carbonated drinks and flour in large quantities.

A special role is given to such a factor as the body’s resistance to resist the carious process.

Symptoms

A distinctive feature of average caries is that its course passes with virtually no symptoms. It is possible to understand that a person has this particular form of carious lesion by changes in the appearance of the tooth and the presence of an unpleasant odor from the oral cavity.

Pain, as a rule, is not observed. Particular attention should be paid to the location of the pathological process - in most cases, average caries is localized on the chewing surface.

The main signs of the disease include:

1. Disturbances in the appearance of teeth. The carious cavity is small in size with a bottom located in the peripheral and middle layers of dentite. The advantages of this form are that due to the persistent dense dentitis, this stage is easily treatable. The teeth retain their original color. If their shade changes, then we can talk about another pathology that has nothing to do with average caries.
2. Unpleasant smell . Appears when the patient has multiple dental lesions. This is facilitated by the remaining food particles in the cavities, which are at the stage of decay. However, one should take into account the fact that bad breath is not a 100% sign of average caries, since this symptom can also accompany other dental pathologies, such as chronic gangrenous pulpitis.
3. Pain . Painful sensations are provoked by certain irritants - cold or hot food, sour or sweet foods. Such pains quickly subside.

Often, with a moderate form of the carious process, pain may be completely absent. This phenomenon is explained by dentists by the fact that the sensitive part of the tooth is destroyed, and replacement dentitis is formed in this place, weakening the effect of irritating factors on the pulp.

Diagnostics

At the first suspicion of the development of moderate caries, you must immediately contact a specialist who will carry out the necessary diagnostics and prescribe effective treatment. The main diagnostic measures include:

1. Tapping and palpation.
2. Study of complaints and a thorough examination of the oral cavity.
3. Probing . This technique allows you to determine the state of tooth enamel and dentitis. In those places where softening will be observed, the probe, as a rule, gets stuck. Using a special mirror, the dentist examines teeth located in hard-to-reach places.
4. Radiography is considered the most informative diagnostic method. A panoramic photograph makes it possible to see the entire dentition, the position and condition of each tooth individually. Thanks to a targeted image, it is possible to give a more complete assessment of the depth of the carious cavity, its location relative to the pulp and other points.

Differential diagnosis is also equally important. It is necessary for a more accurate diagnosis and determination of the type of pathology, since the symptoms and course of secondary caries are in many ways similar to other dental diseases:

• wedge-shaped defect – localized in the area of ​​the neck of the tooth, presented in the form of a wedge-shaped shape with dense walls;
• apical periodontitis in the chronic stage - differs in that it is not accompanied by pain even when the aching tooth is exposed to irritating factors.

Differential diagnosis is necessary in cases where the clinical picture of moderate caries is not very pronounced or the doctor has doubts about making the correct diagnosis.

Treatment

After conducting the necessary examinations and confirming the presence of the disease, the dentist proceeds to therapeutic measures to eliminate the problem. Treatment of caries is not an easy process. Its successful completion will largely depend on the experience and professional training of the attending physician.

During the therapy, the remains of the old filling and food must be completely removed, and the carious cavity must be cleaned of dead tissue. Only after this can you begin high-quality tooth filling. Only by following these rules can you achieve a positive result in eliminating average caries.

The step-by-step treatment process is as follows:

1. Anesthesia is administered . If necessary, an allergy test is performed. This is necessary in order to determine whether the patient is allergic to anesthetics.
2. Using a drill, the carious cavity is cleaned from dead tissue and food.
3. The cleaned cavity is treated an antiseptic solution.
4. insulating is applied .
5. glue is applied to the carious form , which helps to tightly and firmly hold the permanent filling.
6. The filling itself is placed . It is important that its color is as close as possible to the shade of the patient’s natural teeth.
7. The material is ground and polished.

In case of serious tooth decay that requires restoration, special pins or fillings made from composite materials can be used.

Prevention

The main objective of preventive measures is to strengthen hard tissues and eliminate cariogenic factors.

Prevention used:

• regular hygienic cleaning of the oral cavity at a professional level (carried out exclusively in the dental office);
• the use of special solutions , gels or varnishes containing fluorine and calcium, which help restore the mineral composition of tooth enamel and tissues (applied directly to the surface of the tooth; depending on the severity of the disease, the course is prescribed individually for each patient);
• taking remineralizing drugs as a procedure that consolidates the effect. These could be mouthwashes or toothpastes. It is recommended to rinse your mouth not only after eating food, but also throughout the day to freshen your breath;
• Using dental floss after eating will prevent food debris from remaining between the teeth;
• proper brushing of teeth (the dentist will tell you how to care for the oral cavity so that the result is effective);
• minimizing the consumption of foods that contain large amounts of sugar ;
• content in the diet of legumes , cereals, fish and eggs.

By following these simple recommendations, your teeth will remain healthy and beautiful for a long time. The main thing is to systematically (at least twice a year) be examined by a dentist and take timely measures to eliminate signs of caries at the initial stage of its development.

Source: https://dentalblog.ru/karies/sredniy/

Prevention of dental caries: general methods, nutrition and various remedies

There are a huge number of theories about the occurrence of the cariogenic process. Many of them have scientific basis. You will learn about the treatment and prevention of caries from this article.

Causes of dental caries

For a long time it was unknown exactly why enamel destruction occurs. Today we can safely say that teeth are affected by microorganisms that actively develop in the oral cavity, feeding on food debris.

As a result of the vital activity of bacteria, organic acid is produced, which gradually dissolves hard tissue. That is why the prevention of dental caries primarily consists of good oral hygiene.

Read more about oral hygiene→

The pathological process can further lead to tooth loss if timely treatment is not undertaken.

The main cariogenic factors are:

• Hereditary predisposition. It lies in the structural features of hard tissues and, in particular, enamel. The so-called enamel weakness depends on hydroxyapatite. It is a structural mineral found in hard tissues. If it changes or is accumulated in small quantities, then the risk of developing pathology increases sharply from an early age.
• Increased viscosity of saliva. Prevention of caries in adults and children is largely based on the removal of white plaque from the surface of crowns. If the saliva is very viscous, this does not happen naturally.
• Crowded bite. In this case, there is no necessary hygiene in the interdental spaces.
• Poor or complete lack of oral care.
• Stone formation in the cervical area. This phenomenon will additionally lead to periodontal problems.
• Excessive consumption of carbohydrate foods. Limiting the consumption of sweets is the primary link in exogenous prevention of caries.
• Occupational hazards. Persons working in confectionery shops or in production associated with acid fumes are especially susceptible to the problem.
• Crown injury. By itself, it cannot cause a destructive process. But the exposed area of ​​enamel becomes more susceptible to negative effects than the uninjured surface.

There are certain places on the teeth where pathology most often occurs:

• Contact surfaces.
• Blind pits of incisors.
• Cervical region of the chewing and frontal areas.
• Molar fissures.

This is why the prevention of fissure caries is so important. There are also immune zones. These are bumps on the chewing surfaces of molars and premolars, cutting edges of incisors and tearing bumps of canines. The development of a problem in these areas is considered an atypical course of pathology.

Methods for preventing caries

It is known that preventing any disease is easier than treating it afterwards. Prevention of dental caries is a complex measure that involves all possible measures to minimize factors contributing to the development of the disease.

It is customary to distinguish 3 areas of work.

Primary prevention of caries

It lies directly in preventing the development of pathology. Thanks to this direction, 90% protection for each tooth can be achieved. Unfortunately, a universal remedy or technique has not yet been found that allows you to do this 100%.

A comprehensive system of caries prevention includes medical, hygienic, government and educational methods and means of influence.

The medical field develops drugs that have the highest degree of protection of hard dental tissues from negative factors. The educational direction provides the population with correct information about a healthy lifestyle and instills the right attitude towards health.

Social measures provide the best living conditions for strengthening and maintaining the health of citizens. The hygiene direction provides training to the population in hygiene standards.

Government measures are given a special role in the development of laws and their regulation in matters of strengthening and preserving public health.

• It is customary to distinguish 2 main types of effects aimed at strengthening the hard tissues of teeth: endogenous and exogenous prevention of caries.
• Endogenous caries prevention includes measures that provide a positive effect on the entire body.
• Positive methods are as follows:

• Balance in nutrition. It is important that throughout your life the food consumed contains an optimal ratio of proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins and microelements. Proper nutrition plays a huge role in the prevention of caries, since a person receives most of the nutrients from his daily menu.
• Chewing food thoroughly. This type of caries prevention is especially important during the period of occlusion changes. The chewing load ensures the normal development of the entire maxillofacial system.
• Strengthening general health. It involves hardening the body and periodically taking medications to strengthen the immune system.
• Reducing stress factors affecting the body (occupational hazards and environmental pollution, psychological and physical fatigue).
• Taking fluoride. These medications are prescribed by your dentist. At an early age, consultation with a pediatrician is mandatory.

1. General methods of caries prevention will not only help maintain a beautiful smile, but also strengthen the entire body.
2. Exogenous prevention of caries involves exposure directly in the oral cavity.
3. This includes the following procedures:

• Adequate personal oral hygiene.
• Carry out professional teeth cleaning at least 2 times a year at the dentist.
• Reducing carbohydrate intake, especially sweets in the form of candies, chewing candies, and toffees. They provide too long contact with the enamel, destroying it.
• Local use of fluoride and calcium preparations.
• Fissure sealing. This technique plays a special role in preventing damage to baby teeth. They most often have too deep natural grooves in the chewing area. Prevention of fissure caries in childhood will help preserve the primary dentition for as long as possible, thereby ensuring the normal formation of permanent teeth.

Secondary prevention of caries

The focus of secondary prevention is to treat teeth affected by the cariogenic process. The sooner the therapeutic effect begins, there is a greater chance of avoiding more complex consequences.

Exogenous procedures in this case will consist of preparation and filling of carious cavities. This will help avoid more complex processes such as pulpitis and periodontitis. If there is still initial damage to the enamel, then remineralizing therapy is necessary. Such measures for the treatment and prevention of caries are carried out exclusively in the dentist’s office.

With the development of pulpitis or periodontitis, the doctor directs his activities to preserve the tooth in the dental arch. If the inflammation extends beyond the root apex, then conservative methods may no longer help.

Tertiary caries prevention

In this case, measures are aimed at restoring the dentition, returning chewing function and lost aesthetic properties. Modern dentistry allows you to do this to the fullest. Today, the most reliable method is implantation.

Prevention of caries in children

To avoid serious complications in the maxillofacial region, it is necessary to take care of its proper development at an early age. Prevention of caries in children also includes endogenous and exogenous effects.

As necessary measures for the first method, dentists recommend:

• Taking special vitamins (VitaMishka calcium plus or Multi tabs Bebi calcium) and calcium-containing preparations.
• Limiting the consumption of foods containing large amounts of carbohydrates and polysaccharides.
• Including fresh vegetables and hard fruits in the child’s daily menu.

In addition, the administration of vitamin D is important. For dental health, it is best if antenatal caries prevention has already been started. Thus, the mother can protect not only the teeth of the unborn child, but also her own. Such means and methods are prescribed by the dentist together with the obstetrician-gynecologist.

Exogenous effects for children will be as follows:

• Consultation with a pediatrician on fluoride prevention of caries.
• Prescription of drugs that increase the body's resistance.
• Systematic daily oral hygiene. Starting from the age of 5, it is necessary to accustom a preschooler to the use of rinses and flosses.
• Ensuring that you select the correct toothbrush. It should be of medium hardness with an X-shaped arrangement of bristles. You must also remember to change it once every 3 months of use.
• Teaching your child proper oral care.

Among the many methods and means of caries prevention, fluoridation and fissure sealing are of great importance.

Products for the prevention of dental caries

Modern drugs can be used from infancy. To carry out remineralizing therapy, gels, varnishes and rinses containing various minerals are most often used.

Thus, Rox Medical gel contains magnesium chloride and calcium glycerophosphate. It is absolutely safe for children and can be used from infancy. The amino fluoride film formed on the surface of the enamel lingers long enough to provide the necessary microelements.

Toothpastes enriched with fluoride and other beneficial substances also play an important role. Fluoride prevention of caries involves the use of a special toothpaste, which is prescribed from the age of 6 years. The use of fluorides for the prevention of caries during this period will be more relevant.

For older people, fluoride varnish, Composeal, and Duraphat are used 2-4 times a year. After applying them, it is not recommended to eat food for 2-3 hours, and solid foods for 24 hours. This type of caries prevention is also suitable during the period of bite change.

For adults, a good effect is observed from the use of electrophoresis with fluoride preparations, Belagel or STAN - GARD. The procedure is prescribed 3-5 times a year.

Local fissure sealing is carried out using Saforite and Argenat materials. In permanent dentition, after 2-3 years the sealant is sanded off. It is left on baby teeth until they fall out.

Endogenous drug prevention of caries involves the use of special drugs internally. These include sodium fluoride, calcium gluconate and glycerophosphate. They can be prescribed in solutions and tablets. The dose and course of treatment are calculated by the dentist individually.

Food plays a special role in the prevention of dental caries. To strengthen hard tissues, it is necessary to increase the consumption of hard cheeses, nuts, green onions, sesame seeds, milk and cottage cheese.

The role of fluoride in the prevention of caries is very important, but do not forget about calcium. It is also found in large quantities in dairy products, fish, eggs, legumes and cereals, and parsley.

Preventive measures are very important in preventing diseases and developmental anomalies of the maxillofacial region. The acquisition and maintenance of a healthy smile depends on how competently and systematically they are performed.

Source: https://karies.pro/zuby/karies/profilaktika-kariesa.html

Caries: nutrition and means for caries prevention

Caries leads among all dental pathologies and is considered the main cause of tooth decay and loss. Preventing the development of carious disease is much easier than carrying out complex and expensive treatment.

A comprehensive system of preventive measures helps improve health and protect teeth from factors that provoke this pathological process.

Regular caries prevention can reduce the risk of caries and prevent relapses after dental treatment.

caries prevention, dental caries

Types of caries prevention

The preventive measures used in dentistry are divided into endogenous (general) and exogenous (local) health programs.

Endogenous techniques are focused on maximizing the strengthening of dental tissues, using complex measures to have a positive effect on the entire body.

The exogenous prevention program consists only of local exposure to the teeth with various therapeutic agents.

Also, preventive therapy is divided into temporary groups:

1. Primary preventive therapy – general health-improving comprehensive measures to prevent the development of caries;

2. Secondary preventive therapy – treatment of carious lesions and associated complications, prevention of relapses;

3. Tertiary prevention of caries - restoration of damaged teeth, as well as all lost functions.

Important! The success of preventive measures depends 80% on the patient’s desire to carry out the procedures recommended by the dentist.

Primary prevention of caries

Studies have shown that comprehensive preventive measures can provide 90% protection of teeth from carious disease. The primary prevention program includes a whole range of areas:

• State level. Prevention mainly consists of developing laws that help promote and maintain public health.

• Educational work. Promoting a healthy active lifestyle and instilling attention to one’s health from childhood.

• General hygiene. Teaching the population high-quality hygiene standards that help prevent the development of diseases, including caries.

• Medicine. New drugs and products are being developed for maximum protection and rapid strengthening of teeth.

Methods of primary endogenous prevention

General health prevention methods consist of a large complex of various measures to maximize health.

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• Endogenous methods include:
• • Health promotion through hardening, timely treatment of all diseases, use of immunostimulants.
• • Increasing stress resistance, reducing the impact of negative factors on the body (poor environment, frequent overwork, occupational hazards).

• Chewing food slowly.

Constant chewing load helps the maxillofacial system develop properly.

• As prescribed by a doctor, take fluoride-containing medications, vitamin complexes, calcium and tonic natural remedies.

Preventive nutrition

Eating a balanced diet is the best prevention of caries. It is extremely important to eat well and consume foods rich in vitamins, proteins, fats, amino acids and complex carbohydrates.

The diet must include fermented milk products fortified with calcium (cheese, cottage cheese). Seafood, nuts, and solid fresh vegetables help improve dental health; raw carrots are especially beneficial.

Important! Drinking fluoridated water and salt is an important preventative measure for people living in regions where natural resources are poor in fluoride.

Methods of primary exogenous prevention of caries

Local caries prevention includes techniques that are used for local action on the surface of the teeth.

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Among the main methods the following methods can be noted:

• High-quality hygienic care. Self-prevention involves daily brushing of teeth with a properly selected toothbrush and toothpaste. It is recommended to brush your teeth 2 times a day; the procedure should last at least three minutes.

To completely remove food debris, you need to use floss (dental floss). It is advisable to use mouth rinses.

It is convenient to wash out clogged food debris with an irrigator; when used, the device under pressure delivers a thin stream of water, which rinses the carious cavity.

• Professional hygienic cleaning procedure. Cleaning your teeth at the dentist's office helps remove accumulated plaque and tartar, which can lead to serious gum disease. It is necessary to visit the dentist at least 2 times a year for a preventive examination and teeth cleaning.

• Use of fluoride-containing medications. For natural and professional fluoridation of teeth, various applications, rinses, gels, and varnishes are used.

• Limit your intake of easily digestible carbohydrates. Lollipops and chewing candies are especially dangerous for teeth.

• Fissure sealing. On the main chewing teeth there are bulges, between which there are small depressions; carious lesions most often form in these hard-to-reach places. The procedure involves filling the fissures with sealants.

• Remineralization of teeth. The procedure involves applying special products containing the necessary microelements (fluorine, calcium, copper, zinc, ionized fluorides) to the tooth surface to strengthen tooth enamel.

• Correction of bite. Malocclusion can affect the quality of daily oral hygiene, especially in crowded areas where it is difficult to get dental floss between the teeth. The bite is corrected using braces, which are selected by the dentist to correct the identified problem.

Secondary prevention of caries

The goal of secondary prevention is to treat an existing caries disease and its consequences and complications. At the first signs of a carious lesion, you should immediately consult a doctor. The sooner treatment for caries begins, the greater the chance of avoiding serious consequences.

  Stress and depression signs, causes

In case of initial carious lesions, remineralizing therapy is carried out - saturation of the enamel with minerals, calcium and fluoride.

Therapeutic procedures are aimed at preparing and filling the resulting carious cavities.

Filling prevents tooth destruction and allows you to isolate the sensitive tissues of the carious cavity from pathogenic microbes.

Important! If you consult a dentist in a timely manner, you can quickly prevent further development of caries and completely restore the diseased tooth.

Tertiary caries prevention

In case of advanced caries, preventive measures are aimed at restoring the dentition. After tooth loss, it is necessary to restore normal chewing functions and aesthetic appearance. The most common treatment options are implantation or prosthetics. It is possible to install crowns and other removable or stable structures.

The latest methods of caries prevention

ICON technology is a promising new generation technique. Under the influence of an ultraviolet lamp, a special gel is applied, which restores the original color of the tooth and returns the tissue to its previous density.

Ozone therapy is a painless procedure, so anesthesia is not needed. Ozone treatment is aimed at suppressing bacteria. During the therapy, healthy tissues are not affected, only carious lesions are eliminated. At the initial stage of caries, the effectiveness is quite high and allows you to do without filling.

Effective means for caries prevention

Now you can freely purchase various preventive products that will help not only prevent, but even get rid of caries. Toothpaste is considered the most important means of prevention, but various gels and rinses are often used. Particularly popular are:

• “ROCS” toothpaste – saturates tooth enamel with useful minerals, reduces tooth sensitivity, prevents caries and the formation of tartar.

• “LACALUT” toothpaste – contains components similar to bone tissue substances, has a strengthening effect, relieves gum inflammation.

• “SPLAT” toothpaste – contains extracts of medicinal plants and natural calcium, has a remineralizing, antibacterial and whitening effect.

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• Gel “GC Tooth Mousse” – reduces tooth sensitivity, reanimates enamel, and stops the process of destruction of damaged teeth. The gel contains natural calcium and phosphorus.

• Gel “ROCS” – forms a thin protective film on teeth, restores mineral saturation, reduces tooth sensitivity, increases resistance to carious lesions.

Competent prevention helps to minimize the likelihood of developing caries disease. A balanced diet, good oral hygiene and systematic visits to the dentist for preventive examinations and professional teeth cleaning can prevent the occurrence of caries.

Source: https://old-lekar.com/sposoby-predotvrashheniya-i-profilaktiki-kariesa/

Average caries - causes, symptoms (+ photos) and treatment

Medium caries is a pathological process that develops as a result of demineralization of tooth enamel, as well as the effect of organic acids on tooth structures. This stage of development of the carious process begins to progress after the initial or “spot” stage.

Online consultation on the disease “Medium caries”.

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At the initial stage, the pathological process affects only the enamel, so a person does not experience any unpleasant symptoms.

There are many small cavities in dentin. It is through them that average caries penetrates into the depths of the tooth and affects all its structures.

Causes

The main factors that contribute to the progression of the carious process:

• poor oral hygiene;
• somatic pathologies that a person already suffers from;
• anomalies in the development of the dentition. This includes crowding of teeth (especially in the frontal area), as well as malocclusion;
• bleeding gums;
• medium caries can develop if the body does not have enough calcium, phosphorus and fluoride;
• weak immunity.

Forms

There are 2 forms of average caries – chronic and acute.

Chronic average caries can be noticed immediately, since a hole with hard walls is visible in the enamel.

Caries lasts a long time and does not show any symptoms at all. This is its danger, since the intermediate stage can smoothly turn into deep caries.

The pathological process is localized mainly on the chewing surface of the teeth.

Acute moderate caries is also characterized by the formation of a cavity, but its edges are very fragile and it is filled with softened dentin. This pathological process is localized in the area of ​​the tooth neck, as well as in the fissures.

Symptoms

You can suspect the progression of moderate caries based on the following symptoms:

• a dark spot appears in the area where the “hollow” is located, the enamel becomes rough and also loses its natural shine;
• quickly passing toothache. It occurs more often when eating hot or cold food, or when drinking water. Sometimes it can be observed if a person comes into a room from the cold - then the tooth begins to “ache” a little;
• unpleasant odor from the mouth. This symptom indicates that food debris has begun to rot in the carious cavity. Hygiene, even daily, with a brush cannot completely remove them from there. Therefore, the smell of rot soon arises. This is also dangerous because microorganisms that live in the mouth begin to develop in these food particles and secrete organic acids, thereby aggravating the pathological process.

Symptoms of average caries

Diagnostics

To avoid developing average caries in children and adults, you need to constantly monitor the general condition of your teeth and regularly visit the dentist for a professional examination. During such an examination, it is possible to identify dental diseases at the initial stage of their development, when curing them is not difficult.

If you suspect the development of secondary caries, you should immediately contact a dental clinic for diagnosis and treatment of this pathology. The main methods for diagnosing the disease are as follows:

• carrying out palpation and tapping. The doctor also listens to the patient’s complaints, assesses the condition of the oral cavity, and, if necessary, studies his medical history;
• the second stage is probing. This diagnostic technique is a more advanced method of feeling or palpation. Using a special dental probe, the doctor determines the condition of the tooth enamel, as well as dentin. In those areas where it will be softened due to the progression of the pathological process, the probe will get stuck. Using a mirror, the doctor will be able to assess the condition of those surfaces of the teeth that are not visible to the eye;
• The most informative diagnostic method today is radiography of the dental jaw or individual teeth. In a panoramic image you can see absolutely all the teeth, their position in the dentition, general condition, etc. A targeted photograph makes it possible to study the tooth in more detail, assess the depth of the cavity, its location relative to the pulp chamber, etc.

Differential diagnosis

It is also important to carry out competent differential diagnosis in order to accurately determine the type of disease that has affected a person, since in its course, average caries is very similar to some other ailments:

• The first disease with which average caries is compared in differential diagnosis is a wedge-shaped defect. It is located in the neck of the tooth, has dense walls and a wedge-shaped shape;
• chronic apical periodontitis. This disease is also included in the differential diagnosis, since it can occur absolutely without a single symptom. The difference is that with periodontitis there is no pain even when exposed to irritants. During cavity preparation, severe pain is observed with caries, but with periodontitis it is absent, since the pulp is already dead.

Differential diagnosis is resorted to if the clinical picture of average caries is poorly expressed and the doctor doubts that it is this pathological process that has affected the patient’s tooth.

Treatment

After carrying out the basic and differential diagnostics, the doctor proceeds directly to eliminating the pathology.

Treatment of caries is a rather complex and time-consuming process, and its success largely depends on the professionalism of the dentist himself.

He must completely clean the carious cavity from dead tissue, filling remains or food, and only then fill it properly. Only compliance with these rules guarantees successful treatment of secondary caries.

Medium caries treatment regimen:

• carrying out anesthesia. If necessary, allergy tests are performed to determine whether the patient is allergic to the anesthetic. For adults, infiltration or conduction anesthesia will be sufficient, and children are sometimes treated under sedation (general anesthesia);
• cleansing the carious cavity from necrotic tissue using a drill;
• the cleaned cavity is treated with special antiseptic solutions;
• applying an insulating pad;
• adding adhesive to the carious form - a special glue that is necessary for the permanent filling to hold as tightly and firmly as possible;
• placing a filling. At this stage, it is important that the dentist selects the filling material to match the color of the patient’s own teeth. This is especially important if it is necessary to restore a tooth located in the frontal area;
• polishing and sanding.

Prevention

Prevention is aimed at:

• strengthening hard dental tissues;
• elimination of cariogenic factors;

Measures to prevent the development of the disease:

• proper brushing of teeth;
• use of special pastes with fluoride;
• normalizing your diet. It should be enriched with vitamins and minerals;
• regular visits to the dentist for prof. examination, as well as for professional oral hygiene.

Is everything in the article correct from a medical point of view?

Answer only if you have proven medical knowledge

Source: https://SimptoMer.ru/bolezni/zuby-i-rot/1127-sredniy-kariyes-simptomy