Papillomas in the nose: types and methods of treating growths

A papilloma or wart is a benign skin growth. Occurs when the body is exposed to viruses and various infectious diseases. If papilloma appears, you need to contact a medical specialist who will prescribe the correct treatment and remove the growth.

Types of papillomas

Today, there are a sufficient number of different types and forms of papillomas. They may differ in external manifestations and symptoms, but the treatment is often the same for everyone.

The most common warts are:

— Transitional cellular (squamous) is a rather dangerous form of papillomas, as it is characterized by rapid growth and a high probability of transition from a benign to a malignant tumor. It is localized mainly in the wall of the nasal cavity, much less often it can be found on the septum. Transitional cellular papilloma affects not only soft tissues, it also violates the integrity of bones.

- Inverted (inverted nasal cavity) - is also considered dangerous, has almost a 5% chance of developing into a malignant neoplasm.

It is more common in the nose and occurs in chronic infectious diseases - rhinitis, allergic reaction.

When this type of papillomas appears, it requires immediate intervention from a specialist and timely comprehensive treatment. It often occurs in older people.

According to ICD10, the papilloma code is D23, which means benign formations of viral origin.

Localization location

Papilloma in the nasal cavity is characterized by a different location, mainly skin growths appear on:

• Tip - warts in this area can be of different types and sizes. They often spoil the appearance and cause a lot of inconvenience.
• Under the nose - papillomas can contribute to breathing problems, just like others, they are determined by different types and sizes.
• The vestibule is not a particularly common location for warts; it occurs during colds or infection with papillomavirus infection.
• Septum - a wart is a growth from small to significant sizes. If left untreated, it can cause complications and become malignant.
• Mucous - with the development of papillomas on the nasal mucosa, a person may experience discomfort, breathing problems, possible bleeding and swelling of the nose.

Symptoms

The appearance of papillomas in the nasal cavity is not always accompanied by symptoms; in some cases they may be absent. This leads to difficulties in therapy, since the growth can increase significantly and, when exposed to certain factors, become malignant.

The main signs of a wart in the nose are:

1. Difficulty breathing - occurs when papilloma develops inside the nose, which leads to blockage of the passages. In this case, breathing may be slightly impaired, to the point that one of the nostrils loses its function.
2. Nasal discharge, which is often localized in one nostril, which is explained by improper distribution and functioning of the secretory glands.
3. Headaches become frequent companions with the development of warts in the nose. This is due to a lack of oxygen due to nasal congestion.
4. Nosebleeds often manifest themselves unilaterally in the area of ​​development of papillomas. They leave on their own after some time.
5. Swelling of the nasal cavity - forms when nasal breathing is impaired, as a result of which the drainage function is reduced, which leads to the appearance of sinusitis.
6. Impairment or complete loss of olfactory function - this manifestation is not so common and is a complication of skin growths that are localized in both nasal passages.
7. Hearing problems - can appear with severe papillomas, which, when complicated, spread to other neighboring areas, disrupting their function.
8. Constant lacrimation is considered to be a consequence of blockage of the tear duct by skin formations.
9. Loss of sensitivity and numbness of the area above the cheek - this condition is caused by a complication of the pathology and is explained by the effect on the infraorbital nerve.

Photo of what nasal papillomas look like

Causes

Decreased immunity contributes to the active growth of papillomas in the nose

In most cases, papilloma appears in a person when a specific virus is present in the body, which contributes to its development.

The virus is predominantly transmitted through sexual contact, and very rarely through household contact. In addition, the cause of warts can be the birth of a child by a woman who has such a disease.

In this case, when passing through the birth canal, it becomes infected with the papilloma virus.

For most people, various microorganisms that contribute to the formation of skin growths are present in the body, but do not appear externally. This is due to a high immune status, but as soon as a person contracts any disease, the virus can become active.

Also important factors for the appearance of papillomas in the nasal cavity are the following:

1. Drinking alcoholic beverages and smoking.
2. Frequent colds.
3. Exacerbation of chronic pathologies.
4. Lack of vitamins.
5. Bad ecology.
6. Living or staying for long periods of time in damp, poorly ventilated areas.
7. Long-term use of hormonal medications.

Often, papilloma becomes more active in winter and spring, when there is a lack of vitamins and essential elements, which contributes to a decrease in immunity.

Is it contagious? Papilloma is considered a viral pathology, so you should avoid large crowds of people and try not to contact sick people, as there is a possibility of becoming infected yourself.

Treatment of papillomas in children and adults

Warts can occur in anyone, regardless of age or gender. They are often characterized by severe symptoms and disrupt normal functioning. Therefore, when the first signs of the disease appear, you should seek help from a medical specialist and undergo an examination.

To eliminate papillomas in the nasal cavity, septum and other areas, the following treatment methods are used:

• Surgical intervention is almost the main way to rid a person of skin growths. Since warts tend to increase in size and degenerate into a malignant form, they must be removed. In the fight against HPV of the nose, there are modern methods of surgical treatment

To do this, a traditional operation is used, with which the papilloma is cut off. This method is not often used because it takes a long time to heal wounds and can leave scars.

More often they resort to endoscopic and laser removal. The first method involves removing the growth without compromising the integrity of the nose. This occurs through the introduction of an endoscope, which monitors the doctor’s actions. The rehabilitation period after this method is minimal.

Laser removal is considered the most common way to eliminate papillomas at any location. The method is convenient and simple, but it cannot be used for significant skin disorders.

• Drug therapy is also widely used in the treatment of warts on the septum, in the nose, under the nose, and at the tip. Basically, this method is used as an auxiliary treatment to the surgical method. Drug therapy is characterized by the use of the following medications:

Popular drugs in the treatment of nasal HPV

Antiviral agents are considered important in the treatment of human papillomavirus infection. They suppress the growth and further reproduction of microbes, eliminating the cause of the disease. It is necessary to use the drugs as prescribed by a doctor; it is not recommended to use them on your own, especially when treating children.

Immunomodulatory drugs are also necessary medications to suppress papillomavirus infection. Due to the fact that the disease mainly occurs when a person’s immunity decreases, taking immunomodulatory drugs is considered mandatory. They are prescribed by a medical specialist according to the location of the growth, the course of the disease, the patient’s age and individual characteristics.

Vitamin complexes help strengthen the body’s protective functions in winter and spring, when the chance of this infection occurring is high. These drugs are also prescribed by the attending physician.

• Folk remedies - in addition to traditional methods, non-traditional ones are also widely used. They have a positive effect on the patient’s condition and contribute to the destruction of papilloma in the nasal area and other areas. But when using traditional medicine, you should consult a doctor so as not to provoke complications.

To remove papillomas, recipes with medicinal herbs are used. Rowan, nettle, celandine and calendula have good properties. They make juice and burn the warts.

Honey, fig and tomato gruel, wormwood lotions and simple chalk also have a positive effect on growths in the nose area.

Source: http://nos-zdorov.com/dobrokachestvennye-opuxoli/papilloma-v-nosu

Papillomas in the nose: what to do? types, treatment, prevention

Papilloma in the nose is a cosmetic defect in the form of a bumpy growth located at the vestibule or in the nasal cavity itself. In addition to its unaesthetic appearance, the tumor can cause discomfort, sometimes bleed, and in rare cases degenerate into a cancerous tumor.

If a wart is found in the nose, its treatment should not be delayed so that its removal is minimally traumatic and leaves no trace.

Causes of nasal papillomas

Warts on the nose are caused by the human papillomavirus. It attacks epithelial cells, causing them to divide randomly and form benign or malignant tumors.

The main way of acquiring HPV is through sexual intercourse. Viral particles are found in large quantities in all human biological fluids, so contact and household transmission cannot be ruled out when injured skin comes into contact with hygiene items or things on which traces of the virus remain. Children can become infected in utero and during childbirth from an infected mother.

Not all types of virus can cause cancer. The carcinogenicity of HPV types 16, 18, 51 and 52 has been confirmed. They are responsible for cervical and ovarian cancer. Other types of the virus cause only benign formations, such as papillomas of any location and genital warts.

Penetration of the virus into the blood does not necessarily guarantee the development of papillomas in the nose. In order for HPV to invade cells and disrupt their normal life cycle, the body’s defenses must be reduced. The following play an important role in weakening the immune system:

• unbalanced diet;
• bad habits;
• stress and overwork;
• elderly age;
• the presence of chronic diseases in the acute stage;
• immunodeficiency states;
• long-term use of antibiotics, hormonal therapy, cytostatics;
• hypothermia;
• poor environmental conditions in the area of ​​residence.

Nasal growths occur more often in people suffering from chronic ENT pathologies (sinusitis, allergic rhinitis) or who often suffer from colds.

Varieties

Based on their structure, there are two main types of nasal papillomas (photo):

• squamous - an aggressive form that has rapid growth and a high tendency to malignancy. Most often found on the side wall of the nose, it grows into soft tissue and can affect bones;
• inverted - grows on the side walls of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses; with intensive growth, it blocks the lumen of the nostril, making breathing difficult. Transition to a cancerous tumor is much less common than in squamous cell tumors.

Depending on the location of the papilloma there are:

• under your nose . Appear when the area is frequently traumatized during shaving or with a prolonged runny nose;
• on the tip of the nose . A cosmetic defect in the form of a rounded growth, rarely makes it difficult to breathe and causes injury, but more often causes psychological discomfort;
• in the partition . Favorite localization of genital warts, which have a tendency to develop into a malignant tumor. Often damaged when cleaning the nose, they bleed heavily and become inflamed;
• in anticipation of . Occurs after prolonged respiratory infections accompanied by a severe runny nose;
• in the paranasal sinuses. Overgrowth of papillomas of various shapes in the sinuses of the nose due to chronic inflammatory processes. They can completely block the lumen of the sinus, disrupting normal communication with the nasal cavity and causing exacerbations of chronic sinusitis and sinusitis.

Symptoms

Papilloma in the nose can grow slowly and unnoticeably for a long time. A bright clinic is typical for large formations:

• nasal congestion when a wart blocks the lumen of the nostril;
• constant nasal discharge - the growth irritates the glands of the mucous membrane, causing them to produce large amounts of mucus;
• bleeding occurs when the papilloma is injured during cleaning the nose;
• inflammation of the paranasal sinuses;
• complete or partial loss of smell due to severe swelling of the mucous membrane caused by the intensive growth of the wart and irritation of the nerve endings;
• hearing loss from the side of the growth when a large wart covers the nasopharynx and eustachian tube;
• numbness of the cheek due to pinching of the branches of the trigeminal nerve;
• lacrimation - closure of the lumen of the lacrimal ducts.

Diagnostics

Despite the fact that papillomas in the nose are a dermatological disease, due to the peculiarities of its location, its diagnosis and treatment is primarily carried out by an otolaryngologist. If a tumor is suspected of being malignant, consultation with an oncologist is necessary. Women with papillomas are recommended to undergo an examination by a gynecologist to exclude precancerous diseases of the cervix and ovaries.

A visual examination of the formation is carried out, and a biopsy is taken to study the structure of the affected tissue. To confirm the presence of HPV and clarify its type, a PCR analysis is done. Only after a full range of all diagnostic measures, the doctor decides whether the nasal papilloma can be removed and chooses the safest method of treatment.

Treatment

In addition to the impact on the growth itself, antiviral and restorative therapy is required to prevent the reappearance of warts.

Medications

To remove small papillomas in the nose that do not grow into blood vessels and bone tissue, special keratolytic preparations are used. They soften and destroy the cells of the neoplasm, it gradually dries out and falls off.

The preparations contain salicylic acid (Salipod patch, Solcoderm solution), podophyllotoxin (Condilin, Vartek solutions), silver nitrate (Lapis pencil).

Their use must strictly comply with the instructions, because if used incorrectly, irritation of healthy areas of the skin may occur.

It is recommended to lubricate the affected areas with Oxolinic ointment several times a day for a month. It is an effective antiviral agent.

Stationary methods

If there are growths deep in the nose, if they are large in size and prone to malignancy, removal of papilloma in the nose should be carried out in a hospital using one of the surgical methods.

1. Traditional removal with a scalpel . An outdated method, it is carried out in cases of large growths with a clearly visible pedicle and free access for complete excision. After surgery, small scars may form.
2. Treatment of warts with liquid nitrogen, or cryodestructive method . It is performed for small single formations on the nose or in its cavity. The procedure is practically painless and leaves no traces.
3. Electrocoagulation . Large tumors in the nasal cavity can be removed by cauterization with high-frequency pulsed current. The method is quite painful, not suitable for children and pregnant women, and scar tissue may form after it.
4. Laser removal . It is based on the properties of the laser to evaporate the affected cells, while cauterizing the blood vessels. The operation is bloodless and does not cause discomfort. There are no traces left after laser removal of papilloma in the nose. Suitable for use in pregnant women and children.
5. Radio wave therapy . High frequency radio waves are applied to the affected area, completely removing the wart without pain or scars. A safe method suitable for people of all categories and ages.

Traditional methods

They can only be used as a supplement to the main treatment of nasal papillomas. They cannot be used for malignant tumors; in this case, treatment should only be carried out by an oncologist.

• celandine _ To reduce warts on the surface of the nose, you can lubricate them with fresh celandine juice twice a day until the growth dies. If formations are localized in the nasal cavity, a decoction of celandine and chamomile is instilled for 10 days (2 tablespoons of raw materials per half a glass of boiling water);
• sea ​​salt solution . It is a good bactericidal agent and helps reduce inflammation in papillomas in the nasal cavity. 2 tablespoons of salt are diluted in a glass of warm water. The nasal cavity is washed with this solution, after which the wart is lubricated with iodine;
• herbal nasal drops . Combine St. John's wort oil and alcohol tincture of propolis in equal parts, add sea buckthorn oil to the mixture in a 2:1 ratio. Place two drops into the affected nostril;
• restoratives . To increase the body's defenses, decoctions of medicinal plants (chamomile, St. John's wort, lemon balm, rose hips) and tinctures of plant adaptogens (echinacea, Rhodiola rosea, ginseng) are used.

Antiviral therapy

When the presence of HPV in the body is confirmed, medications are used to suppress the virus.

• interferons . Special proteins produced by the immune system to fight viral infection. They are used in the form of ointments (Viferon, Infagel) and drugs for oral administration (Interferon, Cycloferon. Reaferon);
• stimulators of interferon synthesis . They help the immune system independently produce antiviral proteins. These include Polyoxidonium, Immunal, Kagocel;
• vitamin therapy . A course of vitamin preparations has a good immunostimulating effect and helps the body fight the virus.

Prevention

Infection with the papillomatosis virus and the formation of papillomas in the nose is easier to prevent than to select effective treatment methods.

• The most effective method of preventing HPV is antiviral vaccination. Gardasil and Cervarix vaccinations protect against infection with the most dangerous carcinogenic types of HPV. They are recommended for girls over 8 years of age and women who have laboratory confirmed absence of HPV;
• protected sex. Using a condom for any type of sex reduces the risk of contracting the virus, but cannot completely eliminate it. With each new sexual partner, the likelihood of becoming infected with the human papillomavirus increases;
• healthy lifestyle. Physical activity, giving up bad habits, and proper nutrition promote health and help the immune system prevent infection with the virus.

Detection of papilloma in the nose is a reason for a mandatory visit to an ENT doctor. This is not just a cosmetic defect that causes inconvenience, but also a potential cancerous tumor. To prevent the growth from becoming malignant, it must be carefully examined and removed.

Source: https://o-kozhe.ru/zabolevaniya-kozhi/papillomy/papillomyi-v-nosu.html

5 reasons for the growth of papillomas in the nose - removal surgically and folk remedies

Papilloma is characterized by a benign formation. The appearance of a tumor in the nose is caused by the human papillomavirus.

HPV may not manifest itself for a long time and remain dormant in the body. It is capable of becoming more active when the immune system is low and against a background of stress. To get rid of papilloma, they resort to removing the formation through surgery, after which the patient needs antiviral and immunotherapy.

Reasons for appearance

Papilloma in the nose occurs when infected with the human papilloma virus. HPV activation can occur when:

• Reducing the body's defenses.
• Excessive use of antibacterial agents.
• Lack of minerals and vitamins.
• Exacerbation of chronic pathologies.
• Bad ecology.

The virus is transmitted through household, airborne and sexual contact. The incubation period may vary depending on the strength of the immune system. In the initial stages of the disease, the patient may not be aware that he is contagious.

Video

We remove papillomas and straighten the nasal septum

Types and danger

Papillomas, depending on their nature, can transform into:

1. Expansive type. The formation has a sharp tip. The outlines and shape are clearly expressed. The structure is elastic, soft, the color is flesh-colored.
2. Invasive form. The tumor is located on the skin inside the nose. Gradually it grows into cartilage and bone tissue, provoking the destruction of the latter. This tumor can develop into malignant.
3. Appositional view. It is considered the most dangerous, since its etiology is difficult to predict. The wart grows into the submucosa. Relapses are common and complete recovery is rare.

When papillomas form, classification is carried out not only by type, but also by location. So they distinguish:

• Warts near the nasal passages. They are dense and lumpy, usually have a pointed shape. They grow slowly and almost never regenerate.
• Papillomas inside the passages and sinuses. They have a significant rate of increase in size and quickly cause breathing difficulties. They are divided into:

1. Warts affecting the walls of the passages and the cartilaginous septum. After passing through soft tissue and cartilage, the formations penetrate into the bone structure.
2. Inverted type. Appears against a background of chronic rhinitis, allergies, or HPV infection. It degenerates into cancer in 5% of cases.
3. Fungal papillomas. They look like a fungus on a thinned stalk. The upper part is dense.
4. Cylindrical type. The wart has a sharp, elongated tip, which is often injured, which is why nosebleeds occur in this form.

If the pathology is not treated promptly, warts can spread throughout the body or develop into cancer. In addition, secondary infection can cause a number of dangerous complications.

With a large growth, the tear duct becomes blocked, which causes tearing, and prolonged nasal congestion can lead to sinusitis.

Symptoms

Nasal papillomas are extremely rarely diagnosed in the initial stages.

As the virus progresses and suppresses local immunity, the first signs appear as constant nasal congestion.

The patient begins to suffer more often from respiratory ailments, in which a runny nose takes a very long time to be treated. An increase in papilloma gradually causes other symptoms of the disease, for example:

• Difficulty breathing.
• Redness, itching and burning of the nasal mucosa.
• Swelling of the passages.
• Discomfort during palpation.
• Nosebleeds.
• Visual manifestation of formations.

Diagnostics

External nasal papilloma is easily visualized and to examine it, it is enough to carry out:

• Rhinoscopy.
• Biopsy with histology.
• Taking urine and blood tests.

When the affected area is in the nasal passages or sinuses, the following is required:

• Inspection using dilators.
• X-ray. The pathological area will be darkened.
• CT or MRI. Provides information about the size of the tumor and the condition of nearby tissues.
• Histology. Helps identify malignant neoplasms and the tendency of benign tumors to degenerate.

Treatment

To get rid of papilloma in the nose, treatment is prescribed by an otolaryngologist if the tumor is benign; if it has a tendency to degenerate, additional consultation with an oncologist is required.

The only way to completely get rid of the growth is through surgery. Drug therapy helps to influence not the formation, but the virus that caused it, since if immunity is not corrected, new papillomas will arise. Traditional medicine is aimed at maintaining local defenses, relieving inflammation and swelling.

 Drug therapy

To completely get rid of the virus, a comprehensive approach is required. Antiviral, immunomodulating and vitamin complexes are selected from medicinal measures. The most popular:

• Antiviral agents: Vartotsid, Panavir. Inhibits viral cells.
• Immunomodulators: Cycloferon, Anaferon, Viferon. Help strengthen the immune system and increase the body's resistance.
• Vitamins. They enhance tissue regeneration, improve metabolic mechanisms, and replenish body deficiencies.

Self-treatment may not only fail to produce results, but also cause side effects.

Particular care should be taken when getting rid of warts during pregnancy and lactation; at this stage, antiviral agents are strictly prohibited.

Folk recipes

When wondering how and whether it is possible to remove papilloma in the nose using folk remedies, it should be noted that this method is not 100%.

If you are treated at home and do not consult a doctor, you may waste the available time and allow the papilloma to degenerate into cancer.

Home medicine is only an auxiliary remedy in the complex treatment of warts.

Usually, if there is a problem, they resort to:

• Applying the plant with a golden mustache. You need to keep it cut for no more than 10 minutes about 4 times a day for a week.
• Onion and honey compress. After peeling and rubbing the vegetable, strain its juice through cheesecloth. Next, mix it with the same volume of honey and apply the resulting mixture to the wart overnight. The paste is covered with cotton wool or a bandage, and cellophane is fixed on top. In the morning, residues are removed with warm water.
• Apply celandine or garlic juice to the surface. The procedure must be repeated three times a day.
• Herbal compress. Mix 1 teaspoon of celandine and calendula. Add a glass of boiling water to the herbs and leave for about 2 hours. Dip cotton wool into the strained liquid and apply it to the formation 4 times a day.

Surgery

Removal of papillomas in the sinuses and nose can be done in several ways:

• Endoscopically using laser therapy. It leaves virtually no traces with small growths; it is also considered an anemic method; in the event of injury, the vessels are immediately sealed.
• With a radio knife. Radio waves help excise formations of any size.
• Electrocoagulation. Current pulses are used here.
• Radically. Removal using a scalpel is a rare occurrence and is required only when the tumor has grown into cartilage or bone tissue.
• Using liquid nitrogen. Cryotherapy involves freezing the warts. This method is not suitable for pointed formations.

Papilloma in the nose causes a lot of inconvenience and sometimes external discomfort.

To prevent HPV infection, you should maintain your immune system, eat right, strengthen yourself, avoid contact with sick people, carefully choose sexual partners, take medications only as prescribed by your doctor and not longer than prescribed.

It is also important to promptly treat existing chronic diseases. Removal of papillomas should be done only in a hospital setting with a comprehensive prescription of antiviral and immunomodulatory drugs, otherwise there is a risk of relapse and activation of the spread and growth of the virus.

Source: https://papilom-net.ru/vpch/papilloma-v-nosu

Papillomas in the nose: causes, symptoms and danger

Nasal papilloma is a benign neoplasm caused by activation of the human papillomavirus (HPV) in the body.

The peculiarity of the disease is that the tumor grows quickly and can degenerate into a malignant tumor.

Therefore, the disease should be diagnosed as early as possible in order to select appropriate antiviral treatment and prevent cells from degenerating into cancer.

Causes

The key cause of the disease is the activation of the human papillomavirus, which stimulates the appearance of tumors, but only under suitable conditions, which are:

• weakened immune system;
• uncontrolled consumption of antibiotics and other medications, which leads to a decrease in local immunity;
• acute lack of vitamins and minerals, which is caused by poor nutrition and strict diet;
• the presence of chronic inflammatory processes in the body;
• harmful working conditions and unfavorable environmental conditions.

Weakened immunity is one of the causes of nasal papilloma

All these factors contribute to the virus becoming more active on the nasal mucosa.

Ways of transmission of the disease

The virus is transmitted in several ways:

• household contact;
• unprotected sexual intercourse;
• by airborne droplets.

The incubation period depends on how strong the immune system is. A person may not know they are infected until they need to be tested for HPV.

Clinical manifestations

The initial stages of the disease are asymptomatic. As the virus progresses and the size of the tumor increases, symptoms such as:

• difficulty breathing through the nose;
• constant feeling of stuffiness in the nose for no apparent reason;
• itching and redness of the nasal mucosa;
• development of swelling of the mucous membrane;
• the appearance of a neoplasm;
• nosebleeds.

A constant feeling of nasal congestion may be a sign of nasal papilloma

The virus suppresses the state of local and general immunity. An infected patient more often suffers from respiratory diseases, and a runny nose becomes a common companion of life. Often such clinical manifestations are mistakenly perceived as an allergic reaction, delaying diagnosis and treatment.

Types of growth of papillomas in the nasal cavity

Papilloma in the nose grows quite quickly, causing a lot of inconvenience. Taking into account the degree and nature of the neoplasm, the following types of growth of papillomas are distinguished:

1. Expansive - the wart grows with its sharp end outward, its outlines and dimensions can be assessed with the naked eye. The appearance is typical of a wart: flesh-colored, pointed shape, soft and elastic structure.
2. Invasive - a tumor forms inside the nasal passage, growing into cartilage and bone tissue, causing their gradual destruction. There is a high risk of cells degenerating into cancer with the impossibility of a complete cure.
3. Appaption - accompanied by the germination of the epithelium into the submucosa, which causes constant relapses and has virtually no guarantee of complete recovery. This type of wart growth is the most unpredictable and dangerous.

The type of growth is one of the characteristics of a wart, which is necessary in a comprehensive diagnosis for the most complete study and the ability to predict the patient’s condition.

Classification depending on location

Depending on the location of papillomas, there can be two types:

1. Located on the threshold of the nasal passages, they have a lumpy, dense and pointed structure of flesh color. They are characterized by a low growth rate and lack of degeneration.
2. Located in the sinuses and nasal passages, the neoplasm grows quickly and increases in size, making nasal breathing difficult.

Papillomas on the threshold of the nose or on the outer skin are practically not dangerous to health and can be effectively treated with complex antiviral therapy. The second type of neoplasm is more dangerous and has two subtypes:

1. Located on the walls of the nostrils and the cartilaginous septum, the virus affects soft and cartilaginous tissue, spreading to the bones. A distinctive feature is the rapid increase in size and the risk of degeneration into cancer.
2. Inverted papilloma of the nasal cavity grows rapidly and degenerates into cancer in 5% of all cases. Develops against the background of chronic rhinitis, allergic reaction and HPV infection.
3. Fungal papilloma - resembles in appearance a mushroom with a thin stalk and a characteristic seal in the upper part.
4. Cylindrical papilloma - stretched upward, the sharp end is often injured and provokes the development of nosebleeds.

If you have difficulty breathing through your nose, discomfort and nosebleeds, you should seek help from a specialist. Early diagnosis will allow you to make a correct diagnosis and select the most optimal treatment.

Diagnostic methods

Only with a comprehensive diagnosis can an accurate diagnosis be made by determining the type of papilloma and the strain of the virus that provoked its appearance. The initial examination of the sinuses is carried out by an otolaryngologist. If there is a suspicion of neoplasms located inside the nasal passages, the following methods are used:

1. Rhinoscopy - a small tube with a microscope is inserted into the nasal passages, which allows you to assess the condition of the mucous membrane and the presence of papillomas, their size and other parameters.
2. Biopsy - part of the tumor is pinched off and the tissue is examined for the presence of cancer cells, identifying HPV using PCR.
3. MRI and CT - prescribed when a biopsy has confirmed the presence of an inverted papilloma, which can easily grow into cartilage and bone tissue.

Rhinoscopy is one of the methods for diagnosing papilloma in the nose

Consultation with an immunologist will be required, since patients with a similar disease have a pathological decrease in interferon synthesis, which requires the use of immunomodulators.

Treatment options

The treatment method for papillomas involves step-by-step surgical removal of tumors, after which the immune system is corrected and the virus is fought. Surgical treatment can be of several types:

1. Electrocoagulation and liquid nitrogen - cauterization and freezing of the body of the papilloma makes it impossible for it to continue to exist as an independent neoplasm. The procedure requires preliminary anesthesia, and its effectiveness is noted only in the presence of single growths.
2. Endoscopic surgery - an endoscope is inserted into the location of the wart, after which it is excised, cauterized with a laser to prevent bleeding. The wound site is treated with an antiviral agent.
3. Radical surgery - part of the nose or jaw is removed, provided that the papilloma has grown into the cartilage and bone tissue. Used extremely rarely.

Drug therapy involves the use of the following groups of drugs:

1. Antiviral agents - their action is aimed at inhibiting viral cells. Panavir and Vartotsid are used.
2. Immunomodulators – stimulate the activity of the immune system, which increases the body’s resistance to the virus. Anaferon, Viferon, Cycloferon are prescribed.
3. Vitamins A, B, C, E, which accelerate metabolic processes in the body and stimulate accelerated regeneration of damaged cells.

If the traditional regimen for the treatment of nasal papillomas does not give the desired effect, radiation therapy is prescribed. When exposed to radiation, the virus dies, but the body also suffers significant losses. After radiation therapy, dangerous consequences develop, but sometimes this method of treatment is the only way out.

Self-medication is excluded, since eliminating papilloma does not mean killing the virus. The problem needs to be addressed in a comprehensive manner, otherwise there is a high risk of the situation worsening and the cells degenerating into a cancerous tumor.

Prevention

To reduce the risk of developing nasal papillomas, the following recommendations are used:

1. Treat all inflammatory processes immediately, without progressing to a chronic form.
2. Avoid prolonged use of nasal sprays and drops that reduce local immunity.
3. Do not contact people who have warts on their bodies.
4. Support immunity with vitamin complexes, especially in the off-season.
5. Getting vaccinated against human papillomavirus in childhood will reduce the likelihood of infection in later life.

The virus is activated against the background of reduced immunity, so the body should be comprehensively strengthened, which minimizes the risk of infection.

Forecast

The patient’s further condition depends on the type of papilloma and the nature of its development. Relapse is observed in 20% of cases, while in 5% oncology progresses against the background of papillomatosis. The prognosis is conditionally unfavorable, but with complex treatment the desired result can be achieved.

Papillomas cannot be removed independently, as this can provoke active growth and reproduction of the virus. Only an integrated approach to treatment will allow you to get rid of unpleasant symptoms.

Source: https://kozhnyi.com/papillomy-v-nosu-06/

Papillomas in the nose: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Papilloma in the nose is a common pathology that is a benign formation. The reason for its appearance is the proliferation of epithelial tissue under the influence of papillomavirus.

For a long time, such growths do not cause any discomfort, but, gradually increasing in size, they become the source of many problems.

Let's look at how to recognize the disease in time and what treatment methods exist.

Types of disease

There are different types of nasal papillomas, each of which has characteristics and individual treatment tactics. Depending on the characteristics, the following types are distinguished:

• by color - light or dark;
• by size - small, medium, large;
• structure – soft, dense;
• by quantity – single or multiple.

Depending on location:

• superficial nasal papilloma (formed on the outside);
• located in the nasolabial folds;
• localized at the entrance to the nostril;
• internal - formed in the nasal cavity.

In turn, internal papillomas in the nose are divided into:

1. Exophytic (or squamous cell papilloma of the nose) is a dense growth of a reddish-pink hue with an uneven surface structure. Most often these are squamous formations, the appearance of which resembles processes (papillae) on wide stalks. Squamous cell papilloma appears at the exit of the nasal cavity or on the nasal septum and indicates a chronic course of the disease. This type does not invert (that is, do not transform) into malignant.
2. Inverted papilloma of the nasal cavity - tends to form on the inner side walls and septum of the nasal cavity. It can grow after a prolonged runny nose, as a result of a prolonged course of ARVI or respiratory allergies. This papilloma is smooth and quite soft, so it is susceptible to frequent injury with subsequent bleeding. In this case, the probability of malignancy is 5%.
3. Nasal papilloma is transitional cellular - it affects the walls and septum of the nose, penetrates not only soft, but also bone tissue. This species is capable of rapid growth and in some cases can invert into a malignant neoplasm.

Inverted transitional cell papilloma of the nose can be removed in almost 100% of cases.

Why do papillomas occur?

The main cause of nasal papillomas is the human papillomavirus. Infection can penetrate the nasal epithelium in two ways:

• contact and household. This implies close interaction with the carrier, as well as the presence of warts or condylomas on other parts of the body, including the hands;
• airborne. Often, medical workers who neglect the mandatory rules of personal protection become infected in this way.

In order for papilloma to grow in the nose, in addition to the viral agent, additional factors favorable to the disease are required, namely:

• decreased overall body resistance;
• failure to comply with basic rules of personal hygiene;
• hormonal imbalances;
• nervous tension and stress;
• unbalanced diet;
• bad habits;
• chronic diseases of the ENT organs;
• long-term use of certain medications;
• unfavorable working conditions and environmental environment.

Main symptoms

The appearance of papilloma in the nose is invisible, and its growth is quite slow, so it is almost impossible to notice it immediately. The clinical picture of the pathology can also be erased, but sometimes the following signs may indicate the presence of papilloma:

• difficult nasal breathing (most often one-sided) - manifests itself at the initial stage of nasal papilloma;
• various discharges - watery, mucous, purulent, mucopurulent;
• a feeling of heaviness or a foreign object in the nasal cavity;
• tingling, itching in the nasal cavity;
• bleeding resulting from mechanical damage;
• nasal voice;
• sometimes - headaches;
• complete or partial loss of smell;
• in some cases, papilloma in the nostril may have a darker shade compared to the color of the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity and nostrils. And as it grows, it looks like a cauliflower inflorescence.

Each of these symptoms may indicate that a papilloma has appeared in the nose. Therefore, the manifestations described above that do not go away for a long time should be a reason to contact an ENT specialist.

Diagnostics

If you suspect the presence of papilloma, the doctor may recommend the following research methods:

1. Medical examination of the nasal cavity using special devices and equipment - this procedure may be sufficient for external formations.
2. General clinical blood test.
3. PCR for recognition of papillomavirus DNA.
4. Histological examination of nasal smear and culture.
5. In the inverted form, a biopsy and examination of the selected material are performed.

Treatment tactics are developed only after all laboratory and instrumental studies have been carried out.

Treatment

Treatment of nasal papilloma can be conservative or surgical.

The following are used as drug treatments:

• local necrotizing drugs (Vartek, Verrukacid, Condilin, Salipod);
• cryotherapeutic agents (Kriopharma);
• keratolytic medications (Kolomak, Lapis pencil, Salipod patch, Solcoseryl ointment);
• antiviral agents (Oxolinic ointment, immunomodulatory drugs for internal use).

Surgical treatment involves removing the papilloma in the nose and may be required if it has reached a large size or threatens to turn into cancer. There are the following types of surgical solutions to the problem:

• open surgical intervention - used extremely rarely, since there is a high probability of relapses, the formation of scars and cicatrices on the skin;
• laser removal is a painless, highly effective procedure that leaves no marks on the skin;
• electrocoagulation – removal using electrical impulses. Used for large formations;
• cryodestruction – removal of papillomas with liquid nitrogen;
• radio wave removal - the procedure is carried out with a special radio knife. The advantage of this method is the irreversible disappearance of papillomas. However, there is a significant drawback - postoperative scars remain on the skin.

An advanced state and a high degree of germination of papillomas are an indication for removal of the septum or walls of the nasal cavity, followed by plastic correction.

After the operation, the patient is required to be prescribed drug therapy aimed at strengthening the body's defenses.

Traditional methods

The Internet is replete with folk recipes for the treatment of papillomas. It is strictly forbidden to use any of them without first discussing with your doctor - this may lead to the spread of the disease throughout the nasal cavity and nearby tissues.

If the attending physician does not object, then the following can be used as auxiliary therapy:

• garlic. The clove is cut into thin slices and applied to the affected area twice a day, secured with a band-aid;
• celandine stem - make an incision on it and wipe the shoot with fresh juice in the morning and at night;
• aloe - a leaf of the plant is cut lengthwise and applied to the wart every evening;
• lotions from wormwood infusion;
• honey mixed with onion juice in equal proportions;
• chalk, crushed into powder and mixed with water to a paste.

Consequences

In the absence of timely diagnosis and treatment, papillomas in the nasal cavity can:

• invert into a chronic focus of inflammation;
• grow on adjacent organs or tissues - larynx, pharynx, esophagus;
• be a favorable environment for various infections;
• interfere with normal nasal breathing, significantly impairing quality of life;
• invert into a cancerous tumor.

Having discovered phenomena in the nose that are atypical for this organ, even despite the possible absence of symptoms, it is necessary to contact an otolaryngologist - this will help solve the problem at the initial stage and prevent the development of unpleasant and dangerous consequences.

Papillomas in the nose: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment Link to main publication

Source: https://prorak.info/papillomy/papilloma-v-nosu/