Mastopathy: surgery or conservative treatment of pathology

The symptoms of mastopathy are familiar to many women. They are expressed in dull pain localized in the chest, a feeling of fullness and heaviness in the mammary gland and lymph nodes located near it, as well as the appearance of painful lumps. Many women suffer from this disease in one form or another. The history of the fight against it exceeds a hundred years, but a unified treatment regimen for mastopathy still does not exist. What to do when making such a diagnosis? How to cure mastopathy?

Exploratory survey

In order for the treatment of mastopathy in women to be effective, it is necessary to undergo a series of examinations and visit certain specialists. This will help you find out the form of the disease and the cause of its occurrence, which means it will give you a chance to be cured forever.

Thus, the fight against the disease must begin with the following actions:

1. consultation with a mammologist;
2. Ultrasound of the breast and collarbone area (it should be done 5-7 days after the start of menstruation);
3. blood test for thyroid hormones (TSH, T4, T3), ovarian hormones (FSH, estradiol, progesterone);
4. analysis for tumor markers (preferably);
5. Ultrasound of the pelvic organs (appendages and uterus);
6. consultation with a gynecologist.

Having received the results of all examinations, the doctor selects an individual mastopathy treatment regimen for each woman.

Mastopathy and its varieties

The formation of benign tumors in the breast tissue is called mastopathy. Experts identify several forms of this disease:

• nodular (painful nodes form in the mammary gland);
• diffuse (the entire gland becomes painful and dense);
• fibrocystic.

Treatment of mastopathy

When fighting mastopathy in women, the main goal is to reduce fibrous tissue and cysts in the mammary gland, correct hormonal status, prevent the development of malignant tumors, and reduce pain. There is no single scheme to combat this disease.

The reason for this lies in the presence of many different factors that cause this condition in women.

When selecting therapy, the doctor takes into account the patient’s age, the characteristics of her menstrual cycle, the psycho-emotional status of the patient, as well as the presence of hypovitaminosis and a history of gynecological diseases (uterine fibroids, endometriosis, polycystic ovary syndrome, endometrial hyperplasia).

All treatment methods for mastopathy can be divided into two groups:

• conservative therapy (such treatment can be carried out using hormonal or non-hormonal drugs);
• surgical treatment of mastopathy.

Conservative treatment

Conservative treatment of mastopathy in women includes the following types of therapy:

• the use of non-hormonal drugs (multivitamins, dietary supplements, a certain diet, herbal medicine, and so on);
• use of hormonal agents (antiestrogens, androgens, gestagens, antiprolactin drugs).

Non-hormonal treatments

Non-hormonal methods of treating mastopathy are as follows:

1. The use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (in the fight against diffuse mastopathy). To reduce pain, resolve lumps in the mammary gland, and reduce breast swelling in the second phase of the menstrual cycle, medications containing brufen or indomethacin are prescribed. However, they are not suitable for use on a regular basis.
2. Taking sedatives. Symptoms of the disease are closely related to the psycho-emotional state of women. When stressful situations arise, the use of sedatives of plant origin (Melissana, motherwort or valerian tinctures) has received good reviews. If they do not have a significant effect, stronger sedatives are indicated.
3. Use of drugs that improve blood circulation. Mastopathy is often accompanied by local circulatory disorders; venous outflow usually suffers. To correct the situation, many experts recommend taking medications that contain vitamin P (for example, Ascorutina), as well as products containing it (raspberries, chokeberries, rose hips, citrus fruits, black currants).
4. Taking diuretics. They are necessary to combat excess fluid in the body. In cyclical forms of the disease (in case of swelling of the hands and feet before menstruation), you can take mild diuretics, such as special diuretic teas, rosehip decoction, and so on.
5. Use of phytotherapeutic agents. One of the most effective is “Mastadion”. This is a combined homeopathic medicine, which is an alcohol solution containing extracts from tiger lily, cyclamen and chilibuja iris. It is available in drops or tablets. The course of treatment is at least 3 months. This remedy reduces the level of prolactin, which leads to a decrease in proliferative processes and the formation of connective tissue. The drug helps reduce swelling of the mammary glands, reduce pain, and restore breast tissue.

   To combat diffuse forms of mastopathy in women, Klamin is prescribed, which is a plant adaptogen. It has an antioxidant, hepatoprotective effect, helps improve immunity, and has a mild laxative and enterosorbing effect. In addition, Klamin contains iodine, the amount of which covers the body’s daily needs.

   Fitolon, an alcohol solution of the lipid fraction of brown algae, has an immunostimulating and antioxidant effect. It is taken both internally and externally. Has a good absorbing effect.

6. Taking vitamins and microelements. The need for their use is due to the effect they have on the patient’s body:
   • providing an antioxidant effect;
   • normalization of hormonal imbalance and metabolism;
   • stimulation of growth and maturation of epithelial cells;
   • stabilization of the nervous system;
   • normalization of the ovaries and thyroid gland;
   • strengthening the immune system.

   Vitamin A has an antiestrogenic effect, causing a decrease in epithelial proliferation. Vitamin E is necessary to enhance the action of progesterone, and vitamin B helps reduce prolactin in the patient’s body.

   To improve microcirculation and reduce swelling of the mammary gland, vitamins P and C are needed.

   The anticancer effect is exerted by the consumption of microelements such as zinc and selenium, and vitamins C, E, phospholipids and beta-carotene.

7. Consumption of adaptogens (radiola rosea, eleutherococcus, etc.). When treating mastopathy with such drugs, the course should be approximately 4 months, then you need to take a break for 2 months. To get the effect, you need at least 4 similar courses (this will take about 2 years).
8. Dieting. When fighting mastopathy, you need to follow a certain diet, which involves reducing calorie intake by giving up carbohydrates. Flour products, jam, and sugar are excluded from the diet, while the proportion of unsweetened fruits, berries, and vegetables increases.

   If mastopathy was caused by problems with the thyroid gland, the patient should limit the intake of meat dishes, since protein leads to the release of thyroid hormones, and this, in turn, provokes an increase in estrogen.

   In case of mastopathy caused by hypertension, it is necessary to limit the amount of fats entering the body (especially lard and butter), as they cause hormonal stimulation of the mammary gland.

   Reviews from women indicate that limiting coffee and other drinks containing caffeine, as well as chocolate, tea and cola, leads to a decrease in chest pain. Reducing sodium helps reduce breast swelling: the daily amount of salt should not exceed 1 teaspoon. The number of salty and smoked foods should be minimized.

   Your daily diet should include calcium-rich foods: cottage cheese, yogurt, kefir. They have an anti-edematous effect and help regulate the hormonal status of the body. Seafood (shrimp, sea fish, squid) is very healthy and should be consumed every day.

   The basis of nutrition for women suffering from mastopathy should be vegetables (especially those rich in carotene), foods containing whole grains, fruits (preferably citrus fruits), berries (cherries, raspberries and black currants are best). Reviews from patients about such a product as soy are extremely positive. It contains natural estrogens that have anti-cancer effects.

   Patients should maintain fluid balance and drink at least 1.5-2 liters of fluid every day.

   If you have mastopathy, you must stop smoking.

9. Fighting stress. It is known that one of the causes of mastopathy is stress, which provokes the production of hormones. Therefore, patients should engage in auto-training and meditation, as well as do physical exercises.
10. Wearing a suitable bra. It must be selected exactly in size, since otherwise chronic breast deformation, ligament overload, or compression of the mammary gland may occur.

Treatment with hormonal drugs

Conservative treatment of mastopathy, used previously, did not bring sufficient effect. Currently, a number of new drugs have appeared that make the fight against this disease more successful.

Currently, gestagens, oral contraceptives, androgens, antiestrogens (fareston, tamoxifen), prolactin secretion inhibitors and gonadotropin releasing hormone (LHRH) analogues are used for this purpose. Women suffering from breast pain (mastodynia) use LHRH analogues if other hormonal drugs do not help.

Most often, doctors prescribe drugs such as Orgametril, Norkolut, Pregnin, and the break between them is determined by a specialist for each patient individually. These drugs increase the effectiveness of complex treatment up to 80%.

Women under 35 years of age are often prescribed oral contraceptives: Mercilon, Silest, Marvelon, Femoden. In addition to restoring the menstrual cycle and significantly reducing chest pain, they provide almost 100% contraceptive reliability.

Good results are demonstrated by taking Danazol in the fight against the diffuse form of the disease. Pain reduction occurs within the first month of use.

It takes at least 4-6 months for the seals to resolve. If the patient's prolactin level is elevated and milk appears, Bromocriptine and Parlodel are used, which are inhibitors of this hormone.

The product for external use, ointment (gel) “Progestogel”, has the best reviews; it contains micronized progesterone of plant origin. Since the drug does not enter directly into the blood, there are no adverse reactions.

It should be noted that treatment of mastopathy with hormonal drugs has low effectiveness in fibrous or fibrocystic mastopathy.

In addition, taking such drugs may be accompanied by a number of side effects: menstrual irregularities, acne, weight gain, fluid retention in the body, and others.

That is why, in case of mastopathy, a course of treatment with hormones should be prescribed only by a specialist and should be carried out with constant monitoring of the patient’s hormonal status.

Surgical treatment

Surgery for mastopathy is necessary in the following cases:

• the presence of a nodular form of the disease;
• the existence of intraductal papillomas or a benign tumor;
• enlarged lymph nodes;
• lack of effect within 2-3 months of conservative treatment;
• rapid growth of a node in the mammary gland;
• detection of malignant cells in the nodes (in this case, surgery is required).

In most cases, surgery is a sectoral resection (cutting).

It should be remembered that the operation does not eliminate the causes of the disease, but removes its consequences. That is why the patient must undergo a course of postoperative treatment.

Thus, we can say that it is possible to get rid of mastopathy forever only with the help of complex treatment, which should be prescribed by a competent specialist. The patient herself also needs to make efforts to heal herself, following all the instructions and adhering to a certain diet.

Source: http://VashMammolog.ru/mastopatiya/lechenie-mastopatii.html

Treatment of fibrocystic mastopathy: surgery or drugs?

Mastopathy is considered one of the most common breast diseases.

Fibrocystic mastopathy is one of its types, when the ratio of connective tissue and epithelial component in the mammary gland becomes incorrect.

WHO offers various treatment methods, ranging from conservative (with the help of drugs) to traditional methods. Often it is necessary to resort to surgical operations.

A diagnosis of fibrocystic mastopathy should not worry a woman too much. Of course, identifying the disease becomes an unpleasant moment, but the good news is that today there are many treatments for FCM.

This disease is curable. All that remains is to choose, together with your doctor, the methods of your recovery and begin to use them until the disease recedes. We will talk about all these methods in this article on the website zheleza.com.

Types of fibrocystic mastopathy

Fibrocystic mastopathy has many types, depending on the shape and structure of the neoplasm. The mildest form of the disease is a slight thickening and enlargement of the glandular tissue. This type of FCM can be identified by the following symptoms:

• Edema.
• Enlargement of glandular lobules.

Diffuse mastopathy creates a variety of small nodules in the breast, which makes it necessary to distinguish its classification:

1. Diffuse mastopathy with a predominant cystic component. Symptoms: enlargement of glandular lobules and proliferation of septa between the lobes.
2. Diffuse mastopathy with a predominant fibrous component. Symptoms: narrowing of the ducts, swelling, enlargement of the interlobular septa.
3. Diffuse mastopathy with a predominance of the glandular component.
4. Adenosis of sclerosing type.
5. Diffuse mastopathy of mixed type. Symptoms: enlargement of glandular lobules, proliferation of connecting partitions between the lobes.

Separately, the nodular form of FCM should be highlighted as the most unfavorable type of this disease. It is marked by the presence of one or more nodes. It can manifest itself in any type of FCM and lead to the development of cancer, except adenosis.

If the fibrous and cystic components are in their overwhelming majority relative to the others, then the disease is called fibrocystic mastopathy.

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Conservative treatment of FCM

FCM is a common breast disease that manifests itself at any woman’s reproductive age. Its frequent manifestations are between the ages of 20 and 65 years. This is due to changes that are natural during a woman’s reproductive age in the mammary gland. Treatment begins with conservative methods.

Changes in the mammary gland are normal if the woman does not feel pain and there is no risk of developing other diseases:

• Dysplasia.
• Hyperplasia.
• Cancer.
• Malignancy.

In these cases, treatment of a benign tumor is carried out according to the course of the disease and the effectiveness of behavioral factors.

Doctors do not adhere to a single treatment strategy. An individual treatment approach is used here, depending on the form and type of disease.

First, a diagnosis is made, cancer is excluded, and then treatment is prescribed. If the tests are ambiguous, then a second consultation with the doctor is carried out.

Until a diagnosis is made, treatment should not be prescribed.

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1. Nutrition. The accumulation of fluid in the mammary gland leads to worsening symptoms (increased pain). This is facilitated by products such as coffee, cola, chocolate and cocoa. They contain methylxanthines (theophylline, caffeine, theobromine), which affect fluid retention in the body. Excluding them from a woman’s diet will help in treatment and relief of symptoms.

1. Bra. If FCM was diagnosed to a woman under 65 years of age, then it is necessary to select underwear. This helps reduce the manifestations of cyclic mastopathy and reduce attacks of mastalgic disease. If a woman wears an irregularly shaped bra, then:

• The mammary glands are deformed.
• The shape of the breast changes.
• The ligamentous apparatus is overloaded.
• The tissue near the gland ducts is compressed.

1. Vitamins. They are necessary for any form of mastopathy. Vitamins A, C, B6 (to reduce the risk of developing toxic substances during physiotherapy) and E are prescribed. Vitamins are necessary for:

• Metabolism improvements.
• Stabilization of the central nervous system.
• Stimulation of reproduction and growth of epithelial cells.
• Improving hormonal balance in the blood.
• Normalization of ovarian functions.
• Strengthening the effects of antioxidants.
• Normalization of the thyroid gland and adrenal glands.

1. Drugs. For cyclic mastopathy, diuretics are prescribed, and for cancer or when FCM passes into a precancerous state, sedatives are prescribed. They are of plant origin (valerian, motherwort, etc.) and only help in treating the disease with other methods.

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Hormonal drugs

Hormonal drugs are actively used in the treatment of FCM, which are:

• Antiestrogens (Fareston, Tamoxifen).
• Progestogens: progesterone derivatives (MPA - medroxy progesterone acetate) and testosterone derivatives (Norgestrel, Linestrenol, Danazol).
• Analogues of drugs that promote the release of gonadotropin hormone (LHRH).
• Contraceptives for oral administration.
• Prolactin inhibitors.
• Androgens.

Hormonal therapy is used because many processes in the mammary gland depend on the hormones of the woman’s body: prolactin, estrogen, progesterone, androgen, growth hormone, thyroxine, etc. Any hormonal imbalances affect the condition of the mammary gland at any age.

Signs and factors of hormonal imbalance are:

1. Abortion.
2. Irregular menstrual cycle.
3. Drawing pain in the lower abdomen.
4. Menopause.

Any hormonal imbalances provoke diseases in the mammary gland, ovaries and adrenal glands. Diseases appear that the woman has not encountered before.

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Treatment with LHRH analogues

The use of LHRH analogues in treatment occurs only in severe cases when mastopathy does not respond to more conservative methods. These potent hormonal drugs rid the body of gonadotropin, suppressing the circulation of testosterone and estrogen and without affecting other organs.

The drug has a “healthy” gene, which is perceived by a cancerous tumor or benign formation as “its” gene. This element penetrates into the cell and makes it possible to find out the genetic predisposition, the shape of the tumor and destroy autocrine and paracrine cancer cells.

This method is performed with refractory FCM. After the first course of treatment, when the drug is administered orally, diagnostics are made using ultrasound, x-rays and mammography. If the treatment does not produce positive results, then it is canceled. However, surgery has not yet been prescribed, even if the tumor grows. Hormone replacement therapy is prescribed here.

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What is a biopsy? This is a separate diagnostic method in which breast tissue is examined under a microscope. First, a fence is made, and then it is examined.

Fluid accumulated in the mammary gland can be analyzed in the same way. This method allows you to determine the shape and type of tumor (to distinguish malignant from benign).

Is a biopsy necessary for FCM?

A biopsy allows you to clarify the diagnosis. Even if a tumor is visible on ultrasound, a biopsy allows us to identify the nature of the disease and determine the disease. A biopsy is performed for mastopathy and inflammatory processes in the mammary gland. There are three types:

1. Puncture – performed in a mammologist’s office by puncturing the area where nodes, balls or fluid were identified. A syringe is inserted, after which a bruise forms on the skin. The procedure is unpleasant. The reliability of analyzes using this method is 100%.
2. Incisional – a biopsy performed by an oncologist to confirm cancer.
3. Aspiration - taking fluid from the breast cyst, not from the tissue. The puncture is made with a syringe into which liquid is drawn. The procedure is carried out 3-5 times. Next, the liquid is placed on glass and examined under a microscope. Atypical cell shapes indicate cancer. Clean, smooth, inactive cells indicate a benign disease.

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Surgery

To restore psycho-emotional balance, a woman can resort to surgery to remove a cyst or tumor. Typically, this treatment method is used to detect breast cancer in order to remove atypical cells.

Cancer control is carried out by ultrasound, mammography and computed tomography. Repeat biopsies are done to determine the progression of treatment. These methods are used to monitor the development of the disease after treatment procedures and for the purpose of correction if it does not help.

There are two types of surgery:

1. Sectoral resection, which is performed for dysplasia in the ducts, glandular tissue or connective tissue. It is performed for women under 35 and after 50 years. After the operation, the patient is under the supervision of a doctor in the hospital.
2. Enucleation - enucleation (cutting out) of a cyst or tumor without affecting the mammary gland. This method is prescribed to women who want to give birth in the future, so they preserve the mammary gland.

Each operation lasts about 45 minutes, after which the woman is under the supervision of a doctor for 2-4 hours and goes home if everything goes well. After 10-12 days, the stitches are removed.

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Forecast

If doctors should deal with fibrocystic mastopathy to achieve a favorable prognosis, then women themselves should be involved in disease prevention. Mastopathy of any kind affects life expectancy. In order not to treat the disease, you must follow the following measures:

• Have children more often. The frequency is 2 years. Constant lactation allows fluid to circulate in the body. Pregnancy also contributes to the constant preservation of hormonal levels.
• Quickly cope with negative emotions and stress. This will help maintain hormonal levels.
• Perform feasible physical activity. Sport promotes blood circulation in all parts of the body and favorable functioning of organs.
• Carry out gynecological gymnastics.
• Perform breathing exercises, which has a beneficial effect on the elimination of FCM.

Source: http://zheleza.com/lechenie-fibrozno-kistoznoj-mastopatii

Methods for removing mastopathy

To treat mastopathy, doctors use different methods, thanks to which mastopathy can be removed without the risk of relapse and complications. Most often, the method of surgical intervention is used for nodular mastopathy.

Removal of mastopathy is carried out in different ways

Methods for removing mastopathy: conservative treatment, surgery

There may be several reasons for the appearance of the disease, and only by eliminating them can the doctor guarantee a complete cure. To diagnose the causes of mastopathy, doctors use various methods that allow them to determine further treatment.

Some patients benefit from the use of only synthetic analogues of female sex hormones (conservative hormonal treatment), and some will require a sectoral resection method (surgical intervention to excise the affected area of ​​the breast).

After surgical intervention, the woman must take medications to exclude the possibility of relapse.

Diagnosis of the disease

Before applying any treatment, the specialist must prescribe a comprehensive diagnostic study to the woman:

• Mammography. According to this study, the specialist receives information about the size of the tumor, its location and the number of tumors.
• Ultrasound. Unlike mammography, this method is more informative, as it helps to find out the composition of neoplasms and see which component predominates.
• Aspiration biopsy. Shows the nature of the neoplasm and is rarely used.
• MRI. This study helps to see a clear clinical picture of the disease and the size of the tumors.

And from the results obtained, it becomes clear what methods need to be used to eliminate the risk of tissue degeneration and relapse of the disease.

Mammography will demonstrate the precise location and nature of neoplasms

Conservative treatment

Conservative treatment is used only to normalize hormonal levels in the female body. Medicines help normalize the functioning of all systems of the female body that are responsible for the production of hormones: endocrine, reproductive, normalization of the function of the pituitary gland and hypothalamus. Among the drugs that are used to treat mastopathy, the following division is accepted:

• Hormonal drugs. Synthetic analogues of female sex hormones.
• Non-hormonal drugs. Means to relieve swelling and inflammation, painkillers and drugs to improve tissue trophism.
• Homeopathic medicines. Phytoestrogens, natural analogues of female sex hormones.
• Traditional medicines. Most often, herbal decoctions and external preparations are used to reduce pain and swelling.

The combination of all these drugs under the supervision of a specialist will help avoid surgical intervention.

Homeopathy will help restore the balance of female hormones

Surgery

Nodular mastopathy, which does not respond to conservative treatment, is removed surgically.

Sometimes surgery in the form of laparoscopic examination is required to diagnose neoplasm tissue or remove cystic mastopathy.

After a diagnostic study and conservative treatment, the doctor may prescribe sectoral resection or enucleation.

Indications for surgical intervention

The question of surgical intervention is posed individually. For some patients, a large cyst may not interfere with the normal function of all body systems (provided conservative treatment is used).

And some suffer from very small tumors. In each case, the doctor proceeds from the characteristics of the patient’s body. The absolute indication for surgery is the patient's desire to have children.

This is explained by the fact that if pregnancy is present, the hormonal levels in a woman’s body change and the tumor may change in size. Such neoplasms have a tendency to degenerate into malignant neoplasms.

Sometimes such tumors block the milk ducts and deprive a woman of the opportunity to breastfeed her child.

Surgery may be prescribed for large cysts

Sectoral resection

Sectoral resection is a method by which parts of the gland affected by mastopathy are removed. This method is often used to remove cancerous growths in the breast. But resection can also be used if the tumor is benign.

Surgery is performed both under general anesthesia and local anesthesia. The choice of anesthesia method depends on the mobility and size of the tumor, and on the location of the tumor. The doctor makes a 5-10 centimeter incision and excises the affected tissue. After this, the tissues are stitched and a cosmetic suture is applied.

All materials after sectoral resection are sent for histological examination. Multiple neoplasms in cystic fibrous mastopathy, intraductal papillomas, require extensive resection, and sometimes the patient may require complete removal of the gland.

After the patient has undergone surgery, she needs long-term medical examination and observation by the treating specialist. During the recovery period, it is necessary not only to use conservative therapy drugs, but also to completely rebuild your lifestyle. The patient needs to engage in regular physical activity and diversify her diet with fruits and vegetables.

Most often, during the recovery period, methods of both drug therapy and traditional medicine are used.

Enucleation of a tumor

Enucleation surgery is performed under local anesthesia. Only occasionally may the patient require general anesthesia. After administering anesthesia, the doctor makes an incision in the area where the tumor is located, then the tumor is brought into the doctor’s field of view and removed.

After the bleeding has stopped, the doctor applies stitches. The removed tumor is sent for histological examination.

After this removal method, to prevent mastopathy from returning again, it is necessary to use conservative treatment methods. A radical change in lifestyle will help get rid of the possible causes of mastopathy.

Source: https://vrachlady.ru/mastopatiya/udalyayut-mastopatiyu.html

Treatment of mastopathy - conservative or surgical? - Conservative treatment

Conservative treatment of mastopathy

Mastopathy is a disease that occurs very often and does not always require treatment. But women suffering from mastopathy must be observed by a breast surgeon, since mastopathy can develop into a form requiring conservative or surgical treatment.

Modern ideas about mastopathy

Mastopathy develops in a woman’s mammary glands under the influence of hormonal disorders. This is mainly an increased secretion of female sex hormones estrogen and the pituitary hormone prolactin, as well as a decrease in the secretion of the hormone of the second half of the menstrual cycle - progesterone.

This leads to the growth of tissue in the mammary glands, mainly connective tissue, which in the form of a thin mesh permeates the entire mammary gland, and cysts are formed. In addition, the mammary gland is subject to cyclic changes associated with the menstrual cycle: in the second half of the menstrual cycle it swells, which causes pain.

The pain ranges from minor to very severe, which forces the woman to consult a doctor.

There are two types of mastopathy (many researchers believe that these are two phases of a single process) - diffuse (the process is more or less evenly distributed over both mammary glands) and nodular (against the background of diffuse changes in the mammary glands, one or more nodes form in them). Nodular mastopathy is dangerous because a process often develops in the nodes, which is regarded as a precancerous condition.

Conservative treatment

Diffuse mastopathy is not always treatable. In some cases, the woman is simply observed and periodically examined. Treatment is mainly prescribed for significant complaints: severe pain in the mammary gland or discharge from the nipples. It must be comprehensive, long-term, taking into account hormonal disorders, metabolic disorders and various concomitant diseases.

All women suffering from mastopathy are explained the basics of proper nutrition, which allows them to restore normal hormonal levels.

It is recommended not to eat fatty meat (it helps stimulate the formation of estrogen); it is generally better to reduce the amount of meat and eat it only boiled or steamed.

Do not eat smoked, salted or canned foods. Eat more vegetables, fruits and cereals.

In order to identify the cause of the disease and eliminate it, a full examination of the woman is first carried out. Particular care is taken to identify inflammatory processes of the female genital organs and neuroses - they are the basis of most diffuse mastopathy. Identified diseases are carefully treated, and this often prevents the further development of mastopathy.

At the very beginning of the disease, when pain in the mammary gland has just appeared, after a preliminary examination and clarification of the diagnosis, a woman is often recommended to give birth to a child and breastfeed him for as long as possible. At the same time, the condition of the mammary glands is carefully monitored.

If a woman has insufficient levels of the female sex hormone progesterone in her blood in the second half of the menstrual cycle, she is prescribed long-term use of a 0.25% solution of potassium iodide.

To suppress the function of another hormone “culpable” in the formation of mastopathy, prolactin, a homeopathic herbal preparation, mastodinone, is prescribed. This drug also has a beneficial effect on ovarian function.

The injection of oxygen and novocaine into the mammary gland has a positive effect. Novocaine anesthetizes, and oxygen, moving through the breast tissue, seems to massage it from the inside.

Hormonal therapy for mastopathy is carried out in accordance with identified hormonal disorders. If there is a large amount of estrogens in the blood, male sex hormones are prescribed that suppress the activity of estrogens; if there is a lot of prolactin in the blood, then bromocriptine is prescribed.

If there is a lack of progesterone in the second half of the menstrual cycle (it suppresses proliferation - the growth of tissue in the mammary gland), its synthetic analogues are prescribed. In recent years, in order to correct hormonal levels, gynecologists often prescribe hormonal contraceptives.

Surgical treatment of mastopathy

Surgical treatment is carried out for nodular mastopathy. But since the independent nodular form is rare (usually it is combined with diffuse mastopathy), the operation is usually performed against the background of conservative therapy.

During the operation, the node is removed along with a section of the mammary gland. This operation is called sectoral resection of the mammary gland. Removing the node does not relieve the woman of diffuse mastopathy, which continues to be treated with conservative methods.

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Source: http://www.womenhealthnet.ru/mammology/2530/page-4.html

Mastopathy: normal or disease

Mastopathy can be found in most women over 30 years of age. 

At the same time, some prefer to brush aside the diagnosis and forget about it, while others worry because they are sure that sooner or later it will definitely lead to oncology. 

What mastopathy really is, is it dangerous, and in what cases is surgical intervention necessary? Maria Razumakhina, candidate of medical sciences, told Aptrka.ru during a live broadcast. Here are the main points of the broadcast.

What is mastopathy?

Mastopathy is a pathological proliferation of breast tissue. It may be accompanied by pain and sometimes discharge.

Inside the breast there is a layer of subcutaneous fatty tissue, as well as the mammary gland, divided into lobules. With age, the glandular layer is replaced by fat. And then fibrofatty mastopathy may occur.

There are two types of mastopathy: diffuse, when connective tissue grows, and nodular, when large dense nodes appear in the mammary gland, ranging in size from a pea to a walnut. Cysts may also appear, ducts may expand, and the glandular component may enlarge.

Why does mastopathy occur?

First of all, mastopathy is caused by an imbalance of hormones in the body: lack of progesterone and excess estrogen.

In addition to genetic predisposition, diseases of the thyroid gland, liver, reproductive system organs, stress, early onset of menstruation, late menopause, lack of pregnancy and childbirth, and obesity can lead to mastopathy.

Is it dangerous?

Mastopathy can lead to breast cancer, but this does not always happen. But it affects everyday life much more often.

Pain syndrome can affect physical condition, sexual life, study and work.

Pain can prevent you from doing even basic things: going down the stairs, sleeping on your stomach.

How to diagnose mastopathy?

• Start with periodic breast self-examination; doctors recommend doing it on days 5-6 of the menstrual cycle.
• What you need to pay attention to:
• are there any sudden changes in the size of one gland,
• swelling,
• redness, discharge.

The examination must be carried out in different positions: with your arms down, raised and moved to the side. In addition, you need to feel the mammary gland both standing and lying down.

If pain occurs, lumps are felt, there is swelling, redness, discharge, or the surface of the breast is lumpy to the touch, then you should consult a doctor as soon as possible.

But sometimes mastopathy can be asymptomatic, so ultrasound of the mammary glands is recommended once a year, mammography - once every two years after forty years and annually - after fifty.

Is surgery always necessary?

1. No, not always: sometimes drug treatment is sufficient; doctors often prescribe COCs - oral contraceptives - for this purpose.
2. It is important to remember: only a mammologist should select medications; self-medication is completely unacceptable here.

3. Sometimes treatment requires therapy aimed at reducing stress, normalizing the functioning of the liver and kidneys, and eliminating endocrine diseases.
4. According to statistics, up to 30% of women who consult a doctor about pain in the mammary gland require surgical treatment.

Most of these formations are fibroadenoma: a painless, mobile “ball”. Sometimes there are bilateral and multiple forms.

The probability of degeneration into cancer is not very high, but in some forms it increases significantly.

Fibroadenoma is operated on in two ways: sectoral resection and removal through a puncture. In the first method, an incision is made on the chest and the affected lobe of the mammary gland is removed.

With this method, no dressings are needed, rehabilitation is short, and no visible scar remains.

Is it possible to avoid mastopathy?

To reduce the risk of developing this disease, you need to adhere to a healthy lifestyle: sleep at least eight hours, avoid stress, be physically active, and regularly check the functioning of the thyroid gland, liver, and kidneys. It is important to choose the right underwear. Tanning, especially tanning in a solarium, is another risk factor; you should not get carried away with it.

• Recorded by Valeria Grishko
• Photo depositphotos.com
• The opinion of the author may not coincide with the opinion of the editors 

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Fibrocystic mastopathy

What is fibrocystic mastopathy? Fibrocystic mastopathy is a benign disease of the mammary glands, characterized by pathological proliferation of cells in the tissues of the gland, as well as a violation of the ratio of the epithelium and connective tissue components. Currently, the following terms are used to refer to fibrocystic mastopathy: fibroadenomatosis, fibrocystic breast disease.

Why does fibrocystic mastopathy occur? Currently, the exact cause of fibrocystic mastopathy has not been established. The following factors are believed to increase the likelihood of this pathology.

• A disorder of hormonal metabolism, in which there is an increase in female sex hormones (estrogens);
• Diseases of the liver, gastrointestinal tract, musculoskeletal system, hematopoietic system, skin, nervous system, etc.;
• Diseases of the endocrine system (diabetes mellitus, pathology of the thyroid gland, ovaries, adrenal glands, pituitary gland, etc.);
• Obesity;
• Various gynecological diseases;
• Unfavorable environmental conditions;
• Nervous stress or exhaustion;
• Frequent and/or prolonged negative stress;
• Abuse of solariums and/or prolonged exposure to the sun;
• Frequent showers or baths with water temperatures exceeding +370;
• Breast injuries;
• Alcohol abuse;
• Smoking;
• Long-term treatment with hormonal drugs, including taking hormonal contraceptives, without medical supervision or the presence of a hormonal-based intrauterine device.

In addition, the likelihood of fibrocystic mastopathy is influenced by age (after 40 years), early onset of menstruation, late cessation of menstruation, menstrual irregularities, lack of regular sex life, sexual dissatisfaction, infertility, frequent abortions, miscarriages, absence or late first pregnancy. pregnancy, refusal of breastfeeding or its premature cessation.

Can fibrocystic mastopathy be inherited? Yes, the likelihood of fibrocystic mastopathy is higher in women whose mothers (grandmothers) suffered from this disease.

What are the signs of fibrocystic mastopathy? At the beginning of the disease, slight discomfort is felt, which intensifies on the eve of the next menstruation. Then pains of aching, shooting, twitching, dull or sharp nature join.

The intensity of pain varies. The pain may intensify on the eve of the next menstruation or be constant. Pain in the mammary gland may be accompanied by a feeling of squeezing, heaviness, and puffiness.

There may be a discharge (transparent, milky, yellow, green or other) from the nipple.

What are the types of fibrocystic mastopathy? There are two main forms of fibrocystic mastopathy:

• Nodular fibrocystic mastopathy. Characterized by the appearance of single nodes in one or two mammary glands;
• Diffuse mastopathy. Characterized by multiple formations in the mammary glands.

Can fibrocystic mastopathy turn into a malignant tumor? It is currently believed that fibrocystic mastopathy under certain circumstances can transform into a malignant tumor. This mainly applies to nodular fibrocystic mastopathy.

How common is fibrocystic mastopathy? According to various authors, fibrocystic mastopathy occurs in 20–60% of all women.

At what age does fibrocystic mastopathy most often occur? Fibrocystic mastopathy most often occurs between the ages of 30 and 50 years.

How is fibrocystic mastopathy diagnosed? In order to make an accurate diagnosis, the doctor after examination may prescribe an ultrasound, x-ray (mammography), computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), blood test (clinical, biochemical, tumor markers, hormonal profile), biopsy of the pathological formation for the purpose of microscopic examination of tissues. If there is discharge from the nipples, then an X-ray is performed with contrast of the mammary ducts (ductography - a contrast agent is injected into the ducts of the mammary glands using a catheter).

How is fibrocystic mastopathy treated? Treatment methods can be divided into:

• Conservative (divided into non-hormonal and hormonal);
• Surgical.

Conservative therapy is indicated for the diffuse form of fibrocystic mastopathy. Nodular forms of mastopathy are subject to surgical treatment. Only a specialist doctor makes the choice of a specific treatment method for fibrocystic mastopathy on an individual basis, taking into account all the nuances of the disease.

When is it necessary to operate on fibrocystic mastopathy? Nodular fibrocystic mastopathy is operated on in the following cases:

• the size of the identified formations exceeds 15 mm;
• there is a risk of developing malignant processes;
• relapse of the disease;
• the size of the pathological formation is rapidly increasing.

What types of breast lipoma removal surgeries are there? Currently, there are the following types of surgical treatment of nodular fibrocystic mastopathy.

• Laser removal.
• Enucleation.
• Sectoral resection.

What anesthesia is used during surgery for fibrocystic mastopathy? During surgery to remove the nodular form of fibrocystic mastopathy, both local and general anesthesia can be used. In each specific case, this is decided individually, taking into account the clinical situation and the wishes of the patient.

How long does the operation to remove the nodular form of fibrocystic mastopathy usually take? Surgery for fibrocystic mastopathy usually lasts no more than one hour.

Will the aesthetic appearance of the breast be preserved after surgery? Yes, it will remain. Modern methods of surgical intervention on the mammary gland make it possible to maintain its proper shape and size.

What are the features of the postoperative period? Depending on the surgical technique, the patient remains in the hospital for several hours, in some cases up to two days. In the future, you should adhere to the following rules: do not sunbathe for 2 weeks, do not visit the solarium and do not swim in open water, avoid heavy physical activity for a month.

Is it possible to breastfeed with fibrocystic mastopathy? The question of the possibility of breastfeeding is decided by a mammologist on an individual basis.

Is it possible to notice the development of fibrocystic mastopathy at an early stage? Yes it is possible. To do this, it is necessary to self-examine the mammary glands in the first week after menstruation. Women over 40–45 years old need to undergo ultrasound and mammography every 2 years, and after 50 years - annually.

What is the prognosis for fibrocystic mastopathy? If adequate treatment is started in a timely manner, the prognosis for fibrocystic mastopathy is favorable.

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Source: http://doctor-alex.ua/fibrozno-kistoznaya-mastopatiya/