Papillomavirus in women: causes and possible prevention

According to statistics, about 80% of people of reproductive age are carriers of the human papillomavirus (HPV). Due to the fact that the onset of sexual activity has become younger, the average age at which this disease is diagnosed has also changed. For women, this age ranges from 14 to 24 years.

Papillomavirus - where it comes from, causes in gynecology

HPV ranks second in incidence of the female reproductive system after genital herpes.

Among all types of papillomavirus, about 30 of them cause damage to the female genital organs. Flat and genital warts are especially dangerous.

Infection with papillomavirus occurs as a result of contact with a person who is a carrier of the virus. Moreover, the patient himself may not even suspect that he has this disease. Often the disease can be asymptomatic.

Main routes of infection:

• sexual intercourse , and even if you use a condom, you will not be 100% protected, since the virus particles are negligible and can get on your genital mucosa;
• contact of the damaged area of ​​skin with the source of infection . In the swimming pool, in public transport, or in the toilet at the train station, there is a risk of becoming infected with HPV. Therefore, wash your hands thoroughly with soap and cover open wounds with a band-aid;
• self-infection . This happens if you already have HPV and it manifests itself, for example, in the form of warts in the armpit. You can spread the virus to your genitals if you use the same razor for your underarms and bikini area.

Once HPV has entered the body, it can sleep for a long time. Its active actions can be provoked by:

• weakened immunity;
• stressful conditions;
• hormonal imbalance in the body.

If the immune system is strong, then it can overcome the virus itself. You won't even notice that you have become infected.

Main types and types

Depending on the risk of developing into cancer, there are three types of HPV:

• Non-oncogenic group . These are 1,2,3,4,5,10,12,14,15,17,19,20,21,22,23,24,26,27,29. They do not develop into a malignant stage.
• Low degree of oncogenicity . These are 6,11,42,43,44,53,54,55. In most infected people, the virus remains benign. In addition, vaccines have been developed against these strains.
• Average degree of oncogenicity . This is 31,33,35,52,58.
• High oncogenic danger . These are 16,18,36,45,51. Mostly condylomas in women develop into cancer. A man often acts only as a carrier of the virus.

Medicine knows 170 types of HPV, which are divided into 27 types.

Detailed characteristics of papillomavirus 16, 18 strains

These strains have a high risk of developing into cervical cancer. In the body they exist in two forms: benign, when they do not affect DNA, and malignant, when they already penetrate the chromosomes.

The routes of infection with strains 16 and 18 are absolutely identical to other types of HPV.

Doctors distinguish four phases of the disease caused by types 16 and 18 of papillomavirus.

1. Incubation period . When a virus enters the body, the immune system begins to fight it. If the body has good resistance, HPV can be overcome within a year.
2. External (clinical) manifestations . At this stage, genital warts, round or rough papillomas begin to appear on the mucous membranes.
3. Overgrowth , soft tissue dysplasia. At this stage, condylomas begin to divide and occupy an increasingly larger surface. The virus penetrates cells and the DNA of the strain is introduced into the human genome.
4. Development of oncology . Body tissues mutate.

Papillomavirus during pregnancy, symptoms, effect on conception

It often happens that women neglect their health. But when pregnancy occurs, the expectant mother is required to register with the antenatal clinic. And when visiting a gynecologist and after undergoing a series of tests, the doctor diagnoses the woman with HPV.

As a rule, condylomas grow during pregnancy. This is due to the fact that all the forces of the body and the nutrients entering it are aimed at the formation of the fetus.

As for the negative impact on the fetus, this is a controversial issue. Research has not proven that the presence of HPV in a pregnant woman can be an indication for termination of pregnancy or for cesarean section.

Important!

Often after childbirth, condylomas significantly decrease in size or disappear altogether.

HPV does not affect conception. In the case of acute immunodeficiency, problems with conception are possible, but if changes have already occurred in the endometrial tissue of a woman planning a pregnancy. Then the fetus will not be able to implant and a spontaneous abortion will occur.

If the virus is detected during pregnancy, then treatment begins no earlier than 28 weeks, when the baby’s main organs have already formed.

Features and risks to the fetus

The risk for the fetus can be condylomas that are too large, located in the birth canal and making it difficult for the child to move through the birth canal.

In exceptional cases, in the most advanced stages, HPV infections were detected in newborns. These are papillomas on the larynx and genitals. This situation can occur during difficult childbirth.

How is papillomavirus infection diagnosed?

The first sign of the presence of human papillomavirus is the appearance of warts on the body, usually in the armpits, under the mammary glands, on the eyelids.

HPV carriers develop condylomas, warts on a thin stalk with a wide cap that has a loose structure and grooves. They are localized around the genitals, on the mucous membranes. In the area where these growths form, itching and burning are observed, as well as pain upon contact with clothing.

If you notice these first signs, immediately go to a gynecologist. The doctor will conduct a series of studies and tests.

What tests need to be taken?

1. Colposcopy . This is an examination of the cervix using a colposcope, which helps to examine in detail the structure of the surface of the female organ and detect neoplasms.
2. Cytological smear.

   Under a microscope, a laboratory technician can determine whether there are cells infected with HPV. Cytology is especially important when a woman cannot undergo a biopsy. This applies to patients who are at risk of developing cancer.

3. Histological examination (biopsy).

   It is prescribed if doubt arises as a result of cytological analysis. This study involves taking a piece of tissue to look for cells affected by the virus. Carry out this study in a trusted place with a reliable specialist.

   If the biopsy is performed carelessly, it can provoke the development of cancer.

4. Blood analysis. For the study, venous blood is taken and the presence of antibodies to HPV in it is detected. This method does not accurately determine the type of virus and its concentration.

5. PCR (polymerase chain reaction) is done together with a cytological smear. Helps determine the DNA of the virus. The material is also taken from a smear from the mucous membrane of the cervix.

Principles of treatment

Treatment for HPV varies depending on the extent of the disease and the strain that is present in the body. After the diagnosis, the doctor will determine what type of virus you have and prescribe individual treatment.

Drug treatment is divided into three methods.

• Cytotoxic . It targets the virus cells. These drugs include Allokin-Alfa. It is administered intravenously and fights viruses that are highly oncogenic.
• The chemical method involves a direct effect on the papilloma. This is Cycloferon, Interferon ointment.
• The immunological method involves increasing the body's resistance by taking certain medications. Such drugs include Genferon, Viferon, Isoprinosine.

Papilloma removal is carried out in several ways:

• Radio wave coagulation . This is the removal of a wart using a radio wave scalpel. The procedure is practically painless. Thanks to the electrode on the scalpel, the intracellular temperature of the papilloma increases, it is removed from the root, the wound is disinfected, and small capillaries are sealed. The operation takes place practically without blood. During the removal process, healthy tissue is not affected.
• Cryodestruction . Removal of formation with liquid nitrogen. During freezing, cells are no longer supplied with blood and oxygen and die. Because of this, the condyloma turns into a scab and falls off.
• Diathermocoagulation . Removal of papilloma by electric discharge with an electric scalpel. This method is inexpensive compared to laser and radio waves. But it is more painful.
• Laser radiation . This is cauterization of papilloma with a laser beam. The method is painless, leaves virtually no scars, and is used to remove formations on the eyelids and genitals. About a week after the procedure, the wart disappears.
• Surgical removal . The operation is performed under local and general anesthesia. The growth is removed with a surgical scalpel and cauterized with a disinfectant solution. This method is used for malignant tumors and large papillomas.

Traditional methods of treatment

When getting rid of papillomas, you can also use folk remedies. But it is better to use them if you are sure that your HPV is not oncogenic. Otherwise, you can provoke the development of cancer.

Traditional methods include burning warts with celandine and apple cider vinegar. Applying raw potato and onion dressings. There are also products that stimulate the immune system, based on medicinal herbs.

Can it be cured?

Treatment of human papillomavirus is individual for each woman. The attending physician will take into account all the characteristics of your body and will definitely take into account heredity. All treatment comes down to localizing the virus and introducing it into the harmless sleep stage. It is impossible to completely destroy the virus.

Prevention

1. Vaccination . Suitable only for those who are not yet infected with HPV. The vaccine is given to women aged 15 to 30 years. The vaccine contains strains 6,11,16,18.
2. Maintaining hygiene. Wash your hands after going outside. Protect damaged areas of skin from the external environment.

   Please shower after visiting the public pool. On the road, do not hesitate to use a special antibacterial hand gel.

Keep your genitals clean and change your underwear more often in hot weather to avoid creating a damp environment for viruses to develop.

• Regular sexual partner . Promiscuous sex increases the risk of HPV infection.
• Protected sexual intercourse . Use condoms.
• Avoid constant stress.
• Support your immunity . In the spring, take vitamins and eat fruits and vegetables. Eat varied and healthy.
• Moderate physical activity also helps increase the body's endurance and resistance.
• Rejection of bad habits . Smoking reduces the body's resistance to viruses.

If you notice the first signs of HPV, immediately consult a doctor and get the necessary tests. Remember that strains 16 and 18 can develop into cervical cancer. Take the necessary precautions to prevent human papillomavirus infection.



Source: https://vseopapillome.com/papillomy/prichiny-vpch-u-zhenshchin.html

HPV in women: what it is, symptoms, causes, treatment, consequences, prevention

One of the most common infections today is the human papillomavirus. According to statistics, about 70% of people on the planet are considered to be carriers of it.

  Due to the specific structure of the genitourinary system, it is women of reproductive age who are exposed to infection. Penetrating into cellular structures, the pathogen penetrates DNA and causes pathological changes, and in some cases leads to the development of malignant processes.

Let's take a closer look at the features of the development of HPV in women, find out what kind of disease it is, and how to fight it.

Infection of women with HPV: what is important to know

Many people have probably heard about papillomavirus and, thanks to the abundance of conflicting information, are wary of this infection. However, with the introduction of modern techniques, it became possible to identify its causative agent at an early stage and conduct a detailed study of its behavior in the female body.

Methods of infection

Not many people have a complete understanding of what HPV infection is in women. Regardless of the type and oncogenic risk, doctors identify several ways of transmitting the pathogen.

Vertical. HPV is transmitted from mother to child as it passes through the birth canal. The risk increases several times if the tumors are located on the walls of the vagina. The newborn may subsequently develop laryngeal papillomatosis (growths on the oral mucosa, larynx).

Contact and household. Some strains are transmitted from an infected person to a healthy person through household items and underwear. The pathogen can get onto damaged skin along with biological secretions (saliva, sweat, drops of blood) or during a handshake. There is a high probability of infection when visiting public places - saunas, swimming pools, since the virus is able to survive in a humid environment.

Autoinfection. When a growth is cut or rubs against areas of the skin where its integrity is compromised.

Symptoms in the early stages

The immune system can provide protection against many diseases, including HPV. If the mechanism is strong, then it is possible to overcome the virus at an early stage of its development.

But at the first health problems and weakening of the body, it intensifies its activity, and then it manifests itself to the fullest. Symptoms of HPV in women depend on which strain has invaded and what form of progression it has taken.

They form on the body in the form of growths that differ in shape, size and structure.

1. Papillomas. Mushroom-shaped formations on a thin stalk, formed singly or in groups. They have different shades from light pink to dark brown. They are more often found in women and are benign in nature.
2. Warts. Flat growths that rise slightly above the surface of the skin and can become inflamed and cause pain. Externally they resemble a mushroom cap and occur in areas of greatest friction. The formations located on the sole are distinguished by the presence of a rod
3. Genital warts. Small growths resembling papillae, which, when merging, look like cabbage inflorescences. They differ in that they form on the internal surfaces of the mucous membranes, as well as in the perineum, anus, and external genitalia. Neoplasia is easily injured, causing bleeding. In case of growth, they block the lumen of the vagina, making natural childbirth or sexual intercourse difficult.
4. Dysplasia. It develops at the precancer stage and has no clinical manifestations. It is usually detected during the diagnostic process during colposcopy of the cervix. If left untreated, it transforms into a cancerous tumor.

Factors leading to virus activation

It has been proven that with normal functioning of the immune system, HPV can remain in an inactive state for a long period, stretching over many decades, and eventually be eliminated on its own. The risk of developing pathology increases if there are the following causes of papillomavirus in women:

• poor nutrition;
• avitaminosis;
• metabolic disorders;
• bad habits and addictions, such as drinking alcohol or smoking;
• early onset of sexual activity or use of petting;
• frequent change of sexual partners;
• abortions, complications after childbirth;
• inflammatory and infectious diseases;
• long-term use of birth control pills;
• pathologies of the cervix - erosion, ectopion;
• STIs – gonorrhea, chlamydia, ureaplasmosis.

Endocrine disorders, regular stressful situations, and prolonged depression are often triggers for the development of a viral infection.



Oncogenic strains

More than 100 strains of the human papillomavirus are known to medicine, many of which have been carefully studied. Most of them make up the first two categories with low and medium oncogenic risk, when the development of cancer is almost impossible.

Attention! The greatest threat to health is posed by strains with high cancer risk, forming the third group. Doctors count a little more than a dozen such species. This includes 31, 33, 39, 50, 58, 59, 64, 68, 70, 82 numbers.

According to numerous studies, a connection has been proven between infection with types 16 and 18 of the virus and cervical cancer.

After infection enters the body in the first two years, structural changes in the organ at the cellular level are detected in 15-30% of women.

Its destructive effects lead to the formation of malignant processes.

Cancer and other consequences of infection

In the absence of therapy, a woman infected with a high oncogenic risk virus increases the risk of developing dysplasia, and subsequently cervical cancer.

With strong immunity, this process can drag on for 10-20 years. Otherwise, the period is shortened to 4-5 years. Oncology is detected in patients aged 42 years and older.

This is due to changes in the body, concomitant diseases and weakening of the immune defense.

Tests to detect the virus

HPV in women can manifest itself in any part of the body in the form of individual growths. They present the greatest cosmetic defect if they appear on visible areas (face, neck, arms, back, stomach). In order to get rid of the infection quickly and as safely as possible, doctors recommend undergoing a series of tests.

1. PCR. The modern highly informative technique using the polymerase chain reaction is considered the most accessible and widespread. An analysis taken from any part of the body is suitable for the test.
2. Digene test. The most progressive research method aimed at determining the type of infection, stage of development, nature of the course, duration and oncogenic danger. The material is scraping from the mucous epithelium of the urethra, vagina, and cervix. A smear is also suitable, however, it is not taken during menstruation.
3. Cytology. This method helps to determine the viral load, that is, the ratio of affected and healthy cells, to identify characteristic changes and the chemical composition of atypical structures. A scraping of epithelial tissue is taken for examination.
4. Biopsy. It is carried out to clarify the results and confirm the diagnosis. To do this, a tissue sample is taken from the affected area of ​​the skin or mucous membrane.

During the examination, the patient should visit not only the attending physician - a gynecologist, but also a urologist, surgeon, dermatovenerologist, and immunologist. A consultation is prescribed depending on the nature of the infection and the characteristics of the clinical manifestations.

Treatment of female papillomatosis

Treatment of HPV in women depends on the form of infection. If there are growths on the skin, complex therapy is used, carried out in two directions:

• destruction of neoplasms;
• taking medications.

Popular folk remedies are prescribed as an auxiliary method. Even in this case, medication is taken under the supervision of a doctor to avoid unwanted side effects.

Removing growths

To remove unwanted formations on the body, specialists resort to using one of the following methods.

1. Laser therapy. A fairly common and safe option for getting rid of cosmetic defects. It involves the effect of laser radiation on pathological growths. The advantage is the absence of blood, scars and pain.
2. Electrocoagulation. Removal of formations is performed using high frequency electric current. Pain and scars also do not remain.
3. Cryodestruction. Pathological growths are affected by liquid nitrogen. The tissues are frozen and rejected by the body. The procedure has many advantages: safety, speed, painlessness.
4. Radio wave removal. The affected tissues are evaporated using electromagnetic waves. For these purposes, the Surgitron apparatus is used.
5. Surgical excision. It is carried out extremely rarely in exceptional cases according to indications. Tissues are removed if cancer is suspected. The removed material is preserved, which allows for histological examination.

The method of treating a malignant tumor caused by the papilloma virus depends on the stage at which it was detected. In normal situations, surgical removal of the tumor, radiation and chemotherapy are performed. The period of implementation (before or after surgery) is determined only by the doctor.

Medication approach

Your doctor will advise you on how to treat HPV in women with medication. Conservative therapy includes the following areas:

• nonspecific anti-inflammatory treatment;
• correction of hormonal and immune disorders;
• exposure to antimicrobial and antiviral medications.

According to reviews from many patients, the following drugs have proven effectiveness:

• "Cycloferon";
• "Panavir";
• "Promisan";
• "Epigen-intim";
• "Allokin-alpha";
• "Galavit";
• "Indinol";
• "Groprinosin".

They are rarely used as monotherapy. Most often they are prescribed in combination with other medications, since the greatest therapeutic effect is achieved only through joint use.

Traditional methods

You can supplement the basic treatment with traditional medicine. Prepared at home, they can help strengthen the immune system, restore the defense mechanism and get rid of the symptoms of infection.

Onions and garlic have an antiviral effect, so they are widely used for HPV infections. Freshly squeezed vegetable juice should be mixed and rubbed 2-3 days a day into the affected areas.

Potato slices are used to remove papillomas, since they contain solanine, a substance that promotes the rejection of growths from the skin. The course of treatment consists of 30 days. The following are also considered powerful antiviral agents of plant origin:

• citrus;
• Apple vinegar;
• spinach, cabbage;
• ginger, turmeric, cinnamon.

Nut decoction and infusion of pine needles, tea from medicinal plants, and herbal tinctures have a good effect.

 Vaccination and other measures to protect against HPV in women

Taking into account the danger and significant prevalence of human papillomavirus infection, several vaccines were created that passed the appropriate tests and received certificates.

• Gardasil is a quadrivalent vaccine aimed at protecting the body from types 6, 11, 16 and 18 of the virus.
• "Cervarix" is a bivalent serum that protects against 16-18 types of HPV.
• "Gardasil 9" is a drug directed against strains 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52 and 58.

The serum does not contain the DNA of the live virus, but only individual proteins contained on its capsule, so they are not capable of triggering the development of the disease.

To be considered complete immunization, the injection must be given three times. An individual vaccination schedule has been drawn up for each drug.

Manufacturers claim that already a month after the first injection, protection against the declared strains is provided.

But, since vaccination is only indicated for people under 26 years of age, basic prevention rules will help protect yourself from the virus. Experts recommend:

• begin an intimate life after reaching adulthood;
• practice protected sex;
• carefully select your sexual partner;
• lead a healthy lifestyle;
• eat properly and nutritiously;
• adjust the daily routine, allocating time for work and rest;
• exercise;
• avoid stressful situations and prolonged depression;
• refrain from artificial termination of pregnancy.

Regardless of the type of HPV and the degree of its cancer risk, you should strictly follow the advice of doctors. And then the need for difficult and often delayed treatment will not arise.

Conclusion

There are probably no people left in the world who do not know what HPV infection is in men and women.

Papillomavirus does not pose a particular danger, as reported in the media, some medical sources and specialized literature.

But in case of proven infection, it is necessary to know which strain the pathogen belongs to and what form of progression it has chosen. This will help the doctor determine treatment tactics and the patient to receive adequate help.

Source: https://UroMir.ru/zppp/hpv/vpch-u-zhenshhin-chto-jeto.html

Prevention of HPV in women and men: how to protect yourself from the human papillomavirus

• Dermatologist of the highest category Inna Vladimirovna
• 31505
• Update date: December 2019

Primary and secondary prevention of HPV is the best way to protect yourself from contracting human papillomavirus infection.

In addition, such measures help prevent the awakening and spread of the pathogen throughout the body of a person who is already sick.

Neglecting prevention will have negative consequences, which will certainly be faced by those who do not care about their own health.

Why is HPV dangerous?

At first glance, human papillomavirus infection seems to be a harmless disease. But actually it is not. The danger of papillomas is that they can degenerate into malignant tumors. Timely diagnosis and adequate treatment help prevent this. These measures make it possible to reduce the likelihood of developing cancer.

The main danger of HPV for women is that papillomas can form in the uterine cavity or on the skin of the mammary glands, and then lead to a malignant process in these areas. In men, the rectum and bladder are susceptible to cancer due to human papillomavirus infection.

Causes and routes of infection

Infection with the papilloma virus can occur for various reasons. The following factors are usually responsible for infection:

1. A weakened immune system that cannot fight pathogenic cells;
2. Chronic diseases;
3. Chronic fatigue;
4. Alcohol abuse and smoking;
5. Experiencing severe stress;
6. Hypothermia;
7. Long-term use of antibiotics.

These factors cause the virus that has already entered the body to quickly awaken and begin to spread throughout the body. HPV infection itself occurs in several ways:

• Sexual. The virus is transmitted from a carrier to a healthy person during unprotected intimacy;
• Contact and household. Infection occurs when the personal property of a person who is a carrier of HPV is used;
• Through the birth canal. A child can become infected from his mother at the time of birth.

Self-infection can be classified as a separate category. This is the name for the process in which a person unintentionally transfers a pathogen from a diseased area of ​​skin to a healthy one. This often happens to men when shaving.

Transmission of the virus during intimacy is the most common

Features of prevention in men and women

Prevention of the papilloma virus should be of interest to both women and men. Although it should be given more importance to representatives of the weaker half of humanity. They are most often the victims of serious complications that characterize a viral infection.

Prevention of HPV, which is suggested for women, primarily involves regular visits to the doctor. Twice a year you should come for a routine examination to a gynecologist in order to be able to promptly identify papillomas formed in the organs of the reproductive system. Additionally, you will need to submit a smear for analysis, which helps identify the presence of the pathogen in the body.

HPV testing will be useful not only for women, but also for men. Thanks to it, it is possible to reduce the mortality rate of people in whom the papillomavirus caused cancer.

Prevention of papillomas and HPV infection in men and women consists of a number of recommended measures:

• You need to completely give up bad habits. Alcohol, tobacco and drugs have a detrimental effect on the body. Because of them, the immune system weakens;
• It is best to stop self-medicating, which includes taking medications;
• It is necessary to adjust the daily diet. Because of this, you should exclude unhealthy foods that contain various preservatives and other additives. It is recommended to give preference to natural products that are enriched with micronutrients and vitamins;
• You need to train yourself to do exercises every day. Walking in the fresh air will not be superfluous;
• It is necessary to protect yourself from excessive emotional experiences and stress.

By adhering to such simple recommendations, a person will be able to improve his own body. General preventive measures are aimed at preventing interaction with negative factors that cause irreparable harm to health.

With strong immunity, the virus that has entered the body does not manifest itself in any way.

Prevention of sexual transmission

Human papillomavirus is easily transmitted through sexual contact. Most people become infected during sex with a carrier of the pathogen. Just one unprotected intimate relationship can in the future lead to the growth of numerous rashes in the form of papillomas and warts on the skin of the body and face.

Many strains of the virus that are sexually transmitted can lead to the development of cancer in the genital area.

In order to prevent sexual transmission, it is recommended to avoid intimacy with unfamiliar people. It is best to limit yourself to one sexual partner. After all, it is promiscuous relationships that provoke the spread of viral infection among the population.

Condoms help reduce the risk of infection. They provide a 70% guarantee of protection against transmission of a viral pathogen to a healthy person during sex. In addition, this contraceptive helps protect against most sexually transmitted diseases.

In order to prevent HPV, after unprotected sexual intercourse with a new partner, it is recommended to treat the intimate organs with Epigen Spray Intim. This is a drug based on glycyrrhizin glucose, which has an antiviral effect.

Women need to be careful with oral contraceptives, as they can cause hormonal imbalance. And such a violation increases the chances of contracting papillomavirus. You should not choose such medications on your own. It is best to entrust this task to a competent specialist.

A condom does not protect 100%, but it significantly reduces the risk of infection

Prevention of infection through contact and household contact

It is not so rare that papillomavirus is transmitted through household contact. To do this, it is enough to use a personal item of a person who is a carrier of infections at least once. In this case, you can avoid infection by avoiding contact with another person’s towel, clothes or shoes. This list can be supplemented with other personal items.

HPV infection can occur while visiting public places. It's not uncommon for people to notice painful rashes near their nails after a visit to a nail salon. This is due to insufficient quality of tool processing. Choosing a salon and a professional who meets the requirements regarding disinfection and preparation of the workplace will help you avoid this problem.

The causative agent of a viral infection can enter the body through microscopic lesions on the skin. This is why it is recommended to wear protective gloves on your hands when interacting with aggressive substances to clean various surfaces, as well as when working in the garden.

It must be remembered that the virus exists for a long time in a humid environment. Therefore, in swimming pools, water parks and other similar places there is a very high risk of infection. So you shouldn't go there without taking rubber slippers with you.

Prevention of vertical infection

There is a high probability that a child will be infected with the human papilloma virus during his or her birth. This happens if the baby's mother is a carrier of the infection. Often, newborn children due to HPV develop severe pathology caused by damage to the larynx by the virus.

To prevent vertical infection, women need to be tested for the presence of the virus at the stage of pregnancy planning. This way they will have the opportunity to cope with the disease in a clinic or at home until the moment of conception.

In particularly severe cases, women are recommended to give birth by caesarean section, since such births can protect the baby as much as possible from HPV.

With genital papillomatosis, there is a high probability of infection of the child, so the doctor may suggest a cesarean section instead of a natural birth

Vaccination

The most effective method of preventing human papillomavirus is vaccination.

It is useful only to those people who have not been infected with the infection. It is best to vaccinate at a young age before entering into intimate life.

At the moment, medicine offers 2 types of vaccines against human papillomavirus infection. The solutions that are necessary for their implementation contain particles of viral DNA. There are very few of them, so it cannot spread throughout the body. But these particles are enough to develop immunity to this disease.

The Cervarix and Gadrasil vaccines are white liquid. They are administered intramuscularly.

Before the procedure, a person must be checked for the presence of pathogenic cells in the body. Vaccination will be carried out only in the absence of any diseases.

That is, a person must be healthy so that his immune system can fully concentrate on virus particles.

Secondary prevention

Doctors recommend not only primary, but also secondary prevention to prevent infection and development of papillomavirus. It comes in several types:

1. Cytological screening. This preventive method consists of conducting a smear test to determine the presence of HPV in the body. Specialists study the structure of the sample in laboratory conditions. Thanks to the analysis, in 60% of cases it is possible to detect cancer and neoplasia at an early stage of development, which can be caused by HPV. There is also a possibility that the positive test result will be false. But it does not exceed 15%;
2. Visual screening. This technique is offered as an alternative to standard PAP testing. The analysis is very easy. The specialist only needs to treat the genital cavity with a solution of acetic acid. As a result, areas prone to dysplasia will take on a white tint.

If test results show pathological changes, the patient is immediately sent for a more thorough diagnosis. Afterwards, he is prescribed adequate treatment, which prevents the spread of the disease and the intensification of the complications caused by it.

Prevention is relevant not only for healthy people, but also for those who have become infected with human papillomavirus infection. It will allow them to achieve remission faster and forget about new relapses of the pathological process for a long time.

Source: https://DermatologInfo.ru/papillomy/metody-profilaktiki-vpch/

Prevention of human papillomavirus in women

• 01 August
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Human papillomavirus is an oncogenic disease. The main manifestations of HPV are the formation of warts , papillomas and condylomas on the skin and mucous membranes . Both women and men are susceptible to infection with the virus.

Reasons for the appearance and activation of HPV

Note! The main reason for the appearance of papillomavirus in the body is infection from an infected person.

Factors that provoke infection include the following:

• weakened immune system;
• bad habits;
• frequent and severe nervous shocks;
• viral infections;
• pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract;
• frequent change of sexual partners, unprotected sexual intercourse.

Can human papillomavirus be cured?

• HPV in the active stage of development is treatable.
• The main goal of treatment is to eliminate symptoms and strengthen the human body’s defense mechanism.
• Depending on the type of virus, symptoms and complications, different treatment methods may be used.

Is it possible to cure HPV forever?

The peculiarity of HPV is that once it enters the body, it settles there forever . During periods when the body has a strong defense mechanism and is not exposed to the above risk factors, the virus remains in a calm state and is not activated.

If the immune system is weakened, hygiene rules are not followed, or health conditions deteriorate, the papillomavirus can become active again.

Methods of infection with papillomavirus

Infection with the HPV virus occurs through direct contact with an infected person, through the mucous membranes and skin. There are several ways of infection:

• The main way is sexual contact . The probability of transmission of papillomavirus from an infected partner during unprotected sexual intercourse is 60-70%. The risk increases significantly with frequent changes of partners. If there are microtraumas on the mucous membranes, infection is possible even during a kiss or oral sex;
• HPV infection also occurs through household means : when sharing towels, dishes and hygiene products with an infected person. There is a risk of contracting papillomavirus in public saunas, baths and swimming pools;
• Vertical transmission of the virus is also possible - from mother to fetus during childbirth .

Why is human papillomavirus dangerous?

All types of HPV can be divided into two categories: viruses with low and high oncogenic risk. Groups of the second category are capable of developing into cancer.

Note! HPV poses the greatest risk to women: highly oncogenic strains of the virus are most predisposed to them.

In women, papillomavirus can cause a number of diseases associated with the reproductive system:

• pathologies of the cervix: erosion, leukoplakia, adenocarcinoma, cancer tumors;
• oncology of the external genitalia, anal area.

Also, the development of the disease is accompanied by the appearance of warts and papillomas on the genitals, limbs, armpits and neck. Neoplasms cause discomfort, interfere with hygiene and leading a normal lifestyle, so they should be gotten rid of.

In men, the risk of developing cancer with HPV is lower, but not excluded . In addition, sharp-angled papillomas can form on the penis, which cause discomfort and interfere with normal sexual activity. Such tumors should be removed immediately.

Diagnostic methods

Detection of the disease usually begins with a visual examination by a doctor. During the examination, the mucous membranes and skin are examined, especially carefully examining the areas in which warts and papillomas most often form: the genital area, armpits, and neck.

• Women must undergo colposcopy, examination of the cervix and vagina, and also undergo cytology tests (scraping from the mucous membranes). If cancer is suspected, an additional biopsy may be prescribed;
• PCR analysis (polymerase chain reaction). Allows you to detect viral DNA from any material submitted for analysis;
• Digene test is a more accurate analysis. Based on its results, it is possible to detect papillomavirus, recognize its type by DNA and determine the degree of malignancy.

General treatment regimen for HPV

Currently, there are no uniform international protocols for the treatment of human papillomavirus. Two-component treatment regimens have proven to be the best: they combine removal of areas affected by the virus using surgical methods and simultaneous passage of special antiviral therapy. The effectiveness of this approach to treating HPV is up to 90%.

Features of treatment in children

When HPV is activated in a child, doctors first resort to conservative methods of therapy : prescribing immunomodulators and vitamins, as well as local treatment of rashes with ointments and compresses.

Surgical intervention is usually resorted to only in cases where, during observation, growth of warts and papillomas is noted.

Features of treatment during pregnancy

Note! HPV during pregnancy does not have a pronounced negative effect on its development and the course of pregnancy as a whole.

Basic recommendations for the treatment of papillomavirus during pregnancy:

• If the virus is detected before pregnancy, you should undergo treatment without delay. This will normalize the immune system and avoid thrush and other infections;
• It is advisable to plan pregnancy at the end of the second cycle after completion of treatment;
• A course of treatment for HPV during pregnancy should begin no earlier than the 28th week of pregnancy - the period when all the child’s organs are formed. This will help avoid the negative effects of medications on the child’s body.

Treatment of papillomavirus

The main methods of treating HPV are:

• taking specific antiviral drugs;
• course of immunomodulators;
• surgical removal of tumors (papillomas, warts);
• reduction of disease symptoms using traditional medicine.

Antiviral therapy

Antiviral drugs effective against HPV:

Important! The selection of medications depends on the type of virus and the characteristics of the body. Only a doctor can prescribe a course of therapy and dosage of medications; self-medication can aggravate the situation.

Immunomodulatory drugs

The prescription of immunomodulators should be carried out by a doctor in accordance with the patient’s immunogram - this will allow for a faster and more sustainable result.

The drugs that have proven themselves best in the fight against HPV are:

Surgical approach (removal of growths)

The main goal of surgery for HPV is to remove cells from the body that have been modified by the virus.

Removal can be carried out in several ways, depending on the characteristics of the disease and the doctor’s indications:

• Electrocoagulation. Depending on the HPV group, treatment effectiveness ranges from 80% to 95%;
• Removing rashes with laser. Highly effective, but there is a high probability of relapse. In addition, wounds after the procedure take a long time to heal – up to 4 weeks;
• Radio wave surgery. Used to remove single formations;
• Cryotherapy. Efficiency is up to 65%, relapse occurs in 40-50% of cases;
• Chemical destructive agents. Applicable only for rashes in the genital area. Relatively low efficiency - no higher than 40%.

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Folk remedies

Note! Alternative medicine should not be regarded as a full-fledged method of treating HPV. However, they are an affordable and harmless way to weaken the active manifestation of the virus.

The most effective folk remedies for papillomavirus are: fresh potato juice, steeply brewed potato, a mixture of garlic and vinegar, Kalanchoe leaves, tea tree oil.

They should be used in the form of compresses and bandages for external manifestations of HPV - papillomas, warts.

Prevention of HPV recurrence

The main goals of preventing the recurrence of warts and papillomas are strengthening the immune system and maintaining good hygiene at home and in public places. Recommended:

• adhere to the correct diet;
• undergo vitamin therapy;
• maintain a normal work schedule, get enough sleep and rest properly;
• increase physical activity.

Important! An effective method of preventing the reactivation of HPV is vaccination - with its help you can protect against the most dangerous groups of the virus for a long period.

Source: https://papillomnet.ru/papillomy/profilaktika-virusa-papillomy-cheloveka-u.html