The competence of the gynecologist and the treatment methods used by the doctor

A gynecologist is a purely female doctor, whom you should go to on a regular basis, and not only when there is a sharp exacerbation of a disease. But due to natural shyness, most representatives of the fairer sex still prefer to bypass this specialist’s office.

Doctors say that it is worth making an appointment with a doctor for the sake of your own health at least once every six months.

Since it is now completely unnecessary to visit a public medical institution for this, you can go for an examination to a private clinic.

There, the doctor will see the client at a time convenient for her, and will not require her to carry a diaper, gloves and other items from the kit for the initial gynecological examination.

To receive professional advice and subsequently prescribe therapy if necessary, simply find out where an experienced specialist is seeing you and sign up for a waiting list.

Today this can be done even online by filling out an application on the official website of the clinic.

The choice between a public clinic and a private clinic rests entirely on the shoulders of the patient. Some people prefer a paid appointment, since within the walls of a private medical institution the ladies are treated like royalty. And some people just want to leave their problems completely anonymous without recording them in the main medical record.

Area of ​​expertise

Some ordinary people still believe that the obstetrician who helps deliver births is a gynecologist. But in fact, these are slightly different specialties with only one common denominator - caring for women’s health.

Moreover, pregnancy is not the only competence of a gynecologist. The specialist is also involved in identifying, treating and subsequently preventing various inflammations, pathologies and other abnormalities in the female genital area.

Sometimes such a doctor collaborates with other specialists. There are also experts who have a double burden. A striking example of this is an endocrinologist with the functions of a gynecologist. He is approached by young ladies who are faced with a hormonal imbalance that prevents them from having a normal sex life or giving birth to offspring.

The same principle applies to combining gynecology with surgery, when nothing other than a radical method of solving the problem is no longer suitable. There are also collaborations where an oncologist is present. Moreover, when taken into account by such specialists, the medical history does not always end with the removal of the affected genital organ. In the early stages of the disease, reproductive functions can be saved. To do this, it is important not to delay and go to the hospital immediately after detecting the first signs of deviation from the norm.

The main areas of work of gynecologists include the following three groups:

• inflammation and infections;
• hormonal changes and endocrine diseases;
• oncology.

The first broad category covers diseases caused by an infectious lesion. Here, people who are far from physiology for some reason believe that we are talking exclusively about sexually transmitted diseases. But such problems are more often dealt with by professional venereologists after the patients are given the appropriate diagnosis.

In fact, the nature of the female body is such that problems with the genital organs can be triggered by a common cold, or any other inflammation with an initially different localization. In parallel with this, the work of a female doctor provides a cure for:

• papillomas;
• herpes;
• cytomegaloviruses.

No less often, representatives of the fair sex seek help if they encounter hormonal imbalances. And if society continues to think that this is only possible for women who are on the verge of menopause, doctors sharply deny such a myth. Even a young girl who has never been sexually active before can become a victim of a hormonal surge.

If you don’t provide her with qualified help right away, this will first affect the deterioration of her quality of life, and then come back to haunt her with problems with the inability to use her reproductive functions.

To help women recognize the first signs of dangerous diseases, experts advise paying attention to possible sudden and causeless mood swings.

Problems are also expressed in the rapid decline of sexual desire and menstrual irregularities.

At the same time, you should not worry, since a good doctor who has selected the right therapy and early treatment will shorten the treatment period and protect you from consequences.

Gynecological oncology constitutes a special risk group. It involves the development of diseases that are associated with cell degeneration in the tissues of the genital organs, or a violation of the norms of development of these organs.

Do not forget that during pregnancy, even healthy expectant mothers need a full consultation. If everything goes well, the parent will not be kept for long at the appointment and will reduce the number of visits to the attending doctor to a minimum.

Reasons to visit

In the course of numerous studies, scientists have come to the conclusion that usually twice a year is enough for a woman to see a doctor for a preventive examination. But if the patient is suspected of having some kind of disease, or has complaints, then it is not worth postponing the appointment until day X for the sake of your own safety.

Those who are faced with:

• heavy or painful menstruation;
• pain or itching in the lower abdomen;
• constant pain in the lumbar region;
• absence of menstruation after 15 years of age, or cycle disruptions;
• atypical vaginal discharge that has a strange color or unpleasant odor;
• discomfort during sexual intercourse;
• dryness or roughness of the genitals;
• suspicious neoplasms in the genital area;
• urinary incontinence;
• menopause.

Situations where there was unprotected sexual contact or a change of sexual partner are considered separately.

It is important to remember that in case of any deviation from the norm, the hospital is not enemy number one for the patient, but a way to bring her body back to normal. You also need to keep in mind the fact that not all illnesses manifest themselves immediately, since they have a significant latent reserve of time.

Pregnancy and gynecologist

During an interesting situation, a female doctor should become almost the best friend of the expectant mother. You should not rely on the advice of friends or instructions from books for pregnant women to diagnose yourself.

Only an expert in the field of gynecology will be able to correctly calculate the schedule of visits for routine examinations.

Moreover, for each patient it is set individually, taking into account the results of previous tests, as well as the woman’s well-being.

But if a healthy woman initially has enough visits at the rate of once a month, then in the third trimester visits should become more frequent. There is no need to be afraid that every time during the appointment the young lady will be asked to climb into the gynecological chair.

Sometimes it is enough just to check in to record your weight, abdominal circumference and take a routine blood test. But at later stages, a specialist usually requires more thorough preparation in order to assess the current state of the uterus. Based on the data obtained, the question of the method of childbirth will be decided: natural or through surgical intervention.

Separately, potential mothers are interested in the question of how a doctor is able to establish the exact date of conception in order to calculate the approximate date of birth. Typically, a system of reporting from the last menstrual period is used for this.

But sometimes this is not enough, so the exact deadline is set only after the examination results are received. The results of an ultrasound are also taken into account, which is done approximately 10-14 weeks from the moment of conception.

Diseases treated by a gynecologist

There is no exact age for the first visit to the gynecologist, but doctors insist that for the first time this should happen within the radius of adolescence.

Usually, young ladies are not even sent to the gynecological chair for the first time if they do not have any complaints and have not previously been sexually active. They bring the girls in as a whole class at once as part of a preventive examination.

For such cases, a pediatric gynecologist works in clinics for young people.

Then the girl herself, with the support of her parents, or of her own free will, can begin to look for “her doctor.” This can be either a private clinic with its paid services, or a specialist in a public hospital with good reviews.

If, during the next preventive examination, a suspicion of any disease suddenly arises, do not immediately panic. Firstly, the diagnosis may not be confirmed. Secondly, the modern pharmaceutical industry has learned to help even people with previously incurable diseases.

The main diseases diagnosed by gynecologists are usually called:

• amenorrhea;
• ovarian apoplexy;
• bacterial vaginosis;
• candidiasis;
• prolapse;
• trichomoniasis;
• gonorrhea;
• algodismenorrhea;
• endometriosis.

Also, doctors deal with issues of intrauterine pathologies not only during pregnancy, because inflammatory processes of the lower and upper genital tracts are a problem even for young patients without experience of sexual activity.

Separately, gynecologists work in tuberculosis dispensaries, since gynecological tuberculosis has recently become quite common, as have fistulas with genital herpes.

Doctors are working to treat diseases of the vagina, uterus, vulva and ovaries. They can also draw up a joint treatment plan with other specialists, trying to relieve the patient of problems with the genitourinary system or intestines. They also help in cases of female infertility.

An experienced expert is able to select the optimal means of contraception, based on the characteristics of each individual organism.

Also, a preliminary visit to the doctor at the pregnancy planning stage will help avoid possible problems in the future. There are separate family planning centers for such prudent future parents.

Basics of diagnosis

The main task of the doctor is to determine the current state of women’s health, identify possible deviations and make recommendations to improve the clinical picture. That is why the doctor begins his consultation with a conversation during which he is interested in the patient’s complaints.

The gynecologist studies the medical history and other notes in the medical card, after which he begins a visual examination with internal palpation. Next, the cervix is ​​examined using special equipment - mirrors. The issue of collecting vaginal and cervical smears is decided on site.

Sometimes, to get a complete picture, the doctor requires additional tests such as blood and urine tests. Based on the data obtained, a diagnosis is made and the correct course of treatment is prescribed, adjusted to the needs of a particular visitor.

Additional measures include measuring basal temperature, as well as installing an intrauterine device. And at the end of its service life it is dismantled in the same way.

But wearing a contraceptive longer than prescribed, as many women who do not take care of their health often like to do, is strictly prohibited.

This leads to the development of inflammatory processes and many associated abnormalities, up to the need for surgical intervention later.

Source: https://FoodandHealth.ru/vrachi/ginekolog/

Gynecologist: features of the specialty

A gynecologist is a doctor who diagnoses, treats and prevents female diseases. His competence includes identifying acute conditions, pathologies, and diseases that relate to the sexual sphere. A pediatric gynecologist deals with women's diseases in childhood and adolescence. Depending on the specification, gynecologists are divided into:

• Gynecologists of general practice.
• Gynecologists-obstetricians.
• Gynecologists-endocrinologists.

Competence of a gynecologist

A gynecologist diagnoses and treats gynecological diseases, such as inflammation of the appendages and uterus, cervical erosion, condylomas, colpitis, cystitis, etc.

A doctor in this specialty helps prevent the occurrence of gynecological diseases, assesses the condition of a woman’s body, diagnoses and refers for treatment if necessary. The competence of a gynecologist includes issues of family planning and the selection of contraceptive methods.

An individual treatment method is selected for each patient, taking into account concomitant diseases, the state of the body, the psyche, congenital pathologies and heredity.

What organs does a gynecologist deal with?

The list of organs treated by a gynecologist includes:

• Uterus, ovaries.
• Labia majora, labia minora, vagina.
• The fallopian tubes.
• Ovarian appendages.

What diseases does a gynecologist treat?

The list of diseases that are within the competence of a gynecologist is as follows:

• Disorders of sexual development and defects of the genital organs.
• Juvenile uterine bleeding.
• Vulvovaginitis in girls.
• Injuries to the genital organs in girls and menstrual irregularities.
• Amenorrhea, uterine dysfunctional bleeding.
• Algodysmenorrhea, neuroendocrine syndrome (premenstrual, posthysterectomy).
• Post-castration syndrome.
• Pathology and physiology of the pre- and postmenopausal period.
• Inflammation of the lower and upper genital tract.
• Bacterial vaginosis.
• Vaginal candidiasis (thrush).
• Trichomoniasis, gonorrhea.
• Urogenital chlamydia, genital herpes.
• Genital tuberculosis, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
• Endometriosis, a disease of the vulva and vagina.
• Disease of the uterus, intrauterine pathology.
• Endometrial and fallopian tube cancer.
• Myoma and sarcoma of the uterus.
• Disease and cancer of the cervix.
• Disease of the ovaries, tumor-like formations of the uterine appendages.
• Ovarian tumors and ovarian cancer.
• Acute abdomen in gynecology, ectopic pregnancy.
• Apoplexy of the ovaries, torsion of the pedicle of tumors of the uterine appendages.
• Incorrect position of the genital organs, prolapse and prolapse of the uterus and vagina.
• Genital fistulas and urinary incontinence.
• Intestinal-genital and genitourinary fistulas.
• Modern contraception:
  • intrauterine;
  • hormonal;
  • traditional;
  • natural;
  • surgical;
  • teenage;
  • postpartum
• Infertile marriage, male infertility.
• Female infertility, its diagnosis and treatment.

In what cases should you consult a gynecologist?

You should visit a gynecologist in such cases if:

• By the age of 15, menstruation had not begun.
• The expectant mother took diethylstilbestrol during pregnancy (daughters have a risk of developing cervical and uterine cancer).
• In case of heavy menstruation that lasts more than 8-10 days.
• In case of vaginal bleeding outside of menstruation.
• When a burning sensation, smell, itching, discharge and pain in the lower abdomen appeared.
• Pain is felt during sexual intercourse.
• With regular sexual activity, menstruation did not occur.
• If you abstain from sex, there is no menstruation for more than 2 months.
• There is a burning sensation when urinating.
• Roughness, irritation, abrasion of the labia, and papillary growths were noted in the genital area.
• At the stage of planning a child and after pregnancy is detected, for registration.
• In case of disruption of the reproductive and endocrine systems.
• At the slightest changes in the mammary glands (discharge from the nipples, if they are retracted or swollen, etc.).

Where does the gynecologist meet and the first visit?

A doctor of this medical specialty sees you in a specialized institution (antenatal clinic). The district clinic has a gynecologist's office. Specialists in this profile work in clinics, diagnostic and specialized centers.

Every girl with the onset of her first menstruation or with problems indicating the presence of diseases of the reproductive system should visit a gynecologist. It is desirable for such a doctor to remain constant throughout the rest of his life. A gynecologist with whom a close and constant relationship has been established will always come to the rescue in matters of intimate life and emerging problems.

What happens at an appointment with a gynecologist

At an appointment with a gynecologist:

• The doctor studies the medical history, finds out what complaints are in the gynecological field.
• Performs a visual and then palpation examination.
• Examines the condition of the cervix using a gynecological speculum.
• Collects smears from the cervical canal of the vagina.
• In case of illness, the gynecologist prescribes the necessary therapy, as well as the diet that should be followed.
• Develops preventive recommendations in each specific case.
• The gynecologist can install an intrauterine device and measure basal temperature.

Laboratory tests and diagnostics that a gynecologist may prescribe

The list of studies includes:

• Blood test for:
  • hepatitis B-HbcAgIgm; Ig to cor Ag (NS3, NS4)HCV;
  • qualitative determination of Herpes simplex virus type I-II;
  • candidiasis (thrush), syphilis;
• Scraping (qualitative definition):
  • Ureaplasma parvum/Ureaplasma urealyticum; Mycoplasma hominis;
  • Mycoplasma genitalium; Gardnerella vaginalis;
  • Neisseria gonorrhoeae; Trichomonas vaginalis;
  • chlamydia, candidiasis (thrush);
  • HPV HCR – genotyping; herpes type I-II;
  • cervical, vaginal, urethral smears to determine the flora;
  • bacterial vaginosis, toxoplasmosis;
  • rubella, cytomegalovirus and herpes infections.

Diagnostics:

• Inflammatory diseases (vaginitis, vulvitis, vulvovaginitis, colpitis, endometritis, cervicitis).
• STDs (sexually transmitted diseases): bacterial vaginosis, trichomoniasis, candidiasis (thrush), chlamydia, genital hepres, mycoplasmosis, ureaplasmosis, human papillomavirus infection.
• Female infertility, menopausal syndrome, menstrual, gynemenstrual and hypomenstrual syndrome.
• Uterine fibroids, cervical pathology and endometriosis.
• Gynecological and obstetric ultrasound.
• Ultrasound of the kidneys, liver, mammary and thyroid glands.
• Diagnosis of diseases of the uterine cavity (hysteroscopy).
• Diagnosis of diseases of the uterine cavity and fallopian tubes with intravenous anesthesia (gasterosalpingography).
• Therapeutic and diagnostic method for determining the patency of the fallopian tubes (kymopertubation).
• Diagnostic and operative laparoscopy.
• Diagnosis of cervical diseases (colposcopy, biopsy, cytology).

Useful advice from a gynecologist

You need to know that the first menstruation appears at the age of 10 years. Her delay is a reason to visit a gynecologist.

• It is necessary to prepare the girl for the onset of menstruation and explain the stage of female maturation, learn how to use hygiene products and how to behave during menstruation.
• A regular cycle, after the start of menstruation, is gradually established, but if sexual activity begins, pregnancy can occur.
• After the onset of menstruation, puberty begins (the development of the external and internal genital organs and the establishment of a regular menstrual cycle).

The normal established cycle is from 21 to 35 days, lasting 3-7 days. Any deviations from the norm should cause a visit to the gynecologist.

A disruption in the cyclicity of menstruation can occur due to climate change, stress, overwork, etc. This is not a violation of reproductive function.

1. After a girl has established a normal cycle, she should keep a menstruation calendar, preferably throughout her life, which will need to be shown at an appointment with a gynecologist.
2. During menstruation, you should follow the rules of hygiene and not bathe in the bathroom during menstruation (wash yourself and take a shower).
3. During menstruation, it is better to use a pad than tampons, which should be discarded and used in exceptional cases.
4. By the age of 18, a girl’s period of puberty ends.

Source: https://SimptomyInfo.ru/spetsializatsiya/68-ginekolog.html

Obstetrician: what kind of doctor, how to choose, basic competencies

An obstetrician is a “female” doctor. This specialist may have a secondary medical education in the specialty of obstetrics, or a higher medical education in the specialty of nursing, and then the name of his profession is obstetrician.

If the doctor has a higher medical education in the specialty of obstetrics and gynecology, then he is called an obstetrician-gynecologist.

The sphere of professional interests of an obstetrician, as well as an obstetrician-gynecologist, includes processes and phenomena associated with the birth of a child - from a woman’s desire to conceive to childbirth.

An obstetrician-gynecologist also deals with the identification, treatment and prevention of gynecological diseases, and the rehabilitation of patients.

An obstetrician is usually contacted on the eve of childbirth. And to an obstetrician-gynecologist - when planning a pregnancy, when a woman finds out that she is having a child, or when she suspects that she has some kind of gynecological disease.

What is the difference between the responsibilities of an obstetrician, gynecologist and obstetrician-gynecologist

Gynecologist and obstetrician-gynecologist are synonymous concepts. And the difference between an obstetrician and an obstetrician-gynecologist is very conditional, and lies in the professional degree. education and professional competence . Obstetrics is simply a narrower branch of gynecology, but the tasks of both disciplines are the same.

An obstetrician-gynecologist deals with all physiological and pathological processes occurring in the genital area of ​​a girl, girl, or woman. And the obstetrician “comes into play” and can act in parallel with the doctor at the stage when a woman has a desire to conceive a child or when pregnancy has already occurred.

Obstetricians work mainly in maternity hospitals, antenatal clinics, and rural outpatient clinics. They are engaged in the primary diagnosis of gynecological diseases, psychological and physical preparation of women for childbirth. They also give birth under the supervision of a doctor. The specialist’s responsibilities include the following actions and manipulations:

1. Physical (in some cases, in a gynecological chair) examination of the woman. Measuring body parameters - height, weight, abdominal circumference. And also measuring blood pressure, body temperature of the expectant mother, listening to the baby’s heartbeat in the womb, and determining the height of the uterine fundus.
2. If you have the necessary skills, perform ultrasound, ultrasound with Doppler ultrasound as prescribed by a gynecologist.
3. Collection of biological materials for analysis and research - flora smear, blood sampling.
4. Preparing a woman for childbirth, assistance during childbirth, receiving the fetus.
5. Conducting an initial examination of the newborn, providing initial resuscitation aid, assessing the child’s condition on the Apgar scale, treating the umbilical cord. Performing the functions of a ward or pediatric nurse.
6. Monitoring the integrity of the placenta and the process of leaving the “baby place”.
7. Providing emergency medical first aid according to the profile of the activity.
8. Can assist in some obstetric and gynecological operations.

An obstetrician-gynecologist can work in a clinic, hospital, antenatal clinic, or maternity hospital . He receives and consults patients, prescribes tests and studies, manages pregnancy, treats and prevents various specialized diseases.

Also, this specialist is necessarily present at the birth, but may not take significant direct participation in it, delegating some of his responsibilities to the obstetrician. In addition to the manipulations that are within the competence of nursing staff, the doctor is obliged to manage premature, pathological births, and perform a Caesarean section.

And also carry out other surgical operations related to the processes of childbirth. Specialist responsibilities:

1. Performing potentially dangerous, specific, highly qualified procedures - this is turning, changing the position of the child, using the technique of squeezing the fetus, applying forceps.
2. Episiotomy.
3. Manual or instrumental cleansing of the uterus after childbirth (curettage) if there are remains of the placenta or blood clots in it.
4. Prescribing medications.
5. Sutures for ruptures or after episiotomy.

A doctor can examine a woman’s ability to work if the disease is associated with gynecological pathologies. And also carry out work on the legal protection of women, in accordance with their job responsibilities and current legislation.

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What is the competence of an obstetrician and obstetrician-gynecologist - diseases, conditions, organs, problems that he deals with

An obstetrician-gynecologist can help a woman cope with a wide range of gynecological problems, in particular those that prevent pregnancy:

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Reproductive problems

• Infertility.
• Miscarriage (miscarriage), early birth, ectopic pregnancy.
• Disruptions of the menstrual cycle, irregular ovulation.
• Hypermenstrual and hypomenstrual syndrome.
• Preparation for in vitro fertilization.

Pregnancy

• Pregnancy planning.
• Management of pregnancy, including regular examinations, counseling regarding the relief of symptoms of toxicosis.
• Complications of pregnancy associated with acute or chronic diseases of the woman, injuries, accidents.
• Any diseases, pathologies of fetal development.
• Assisting a woman during childbirth, monitoring the process, applying sutures, and, if necessary, surgical intervention.
• Emergency care for postpartum hemorrhage or other complications that arise as a result of pathological, surgical childbirth.
• Monitoring a woman in labor during the recovery period after delivery.

  Venereologist: what diseases does he treat?

• Medical, social indications for termination of pregnancy, unwanted pregnancy - medical or instrumental abortion.
• Puberty, menopause, menopause and conditions associated with these stages in the patient’s life.
• The organs examined and treated by an obstetrician-gynecologist are the ovaries and their appendages, the uterus and fallopian tubes, the vagina, the labia majora and minora.
• Diseases that fall within the scope of the specialist’s professional interests:

• Sexually transmitted infections - candidiasis, genital herpes, ureoplasmosis, human papillomavirus and others.
• Anomalies in the development of the genital organs.
• Benign and malignant neoplasms in the area of ​​the external or internal genital organs.
• Pathologies of the uterus, its cervix and fallopian tubes - fibroma, fibroids, endometriosis and endometritis, erosions, polyps, salpingitis.
• Ovarian cyst.
• Infertility.
• Inflammatory diseases of the genital organs in women - colpitis, vaginitis, vulvitis.
• Premenstrual syndrome.
• Injuries to the genital organs, consequences of unsuccessful surgical procedures.

The obstetrician's competence includes assisting the doctor in the process of examining a woman, during treatment, and during the process of childbirth. An obstetrician can see patients independently of the doctor and prepare women for childbirth. And also provide home patronage for women in labor, monitoring the health and development of newborns until they reach the age of 12 months.

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When to contact an obstetrician-gynecologist or obstetrician

Indications for contacting an obstetrician-gynecologist:

• Non-occurrence of menstruation in a girl who has reached the age of 15 years.
• Severe pain during menstruation.
• Regular disruptions of the menstrual cycle.
• Bleeding from the vagina during the non-menstrual period.
• Heavy bleeding during menstruation or bleeding lasting more than 10 days.
• Discomfort and pain during sexual intercourse or during urination.
• Discomfort and pain, itching, burning, redness in the perineal area. Lower abdominal pain.
• Sensation of a foreign body in the vagina.
• The appearance of any neoplasms or damage (wounds, pimples, ulcers) of the skin in the perineal area.
• Change in psychological and physiological state for the worse on the eve of menstruation.
• The occurrence of abnormal discharge that is whitish or yellowish in color and/or has an unpleasant odor and/or a cheesy consistency.
• If a woman is sexually active and has not had her next menstruation.
• If a woman is not sexually active and has not had menstruation for more than three months in a row.
• The need to confirm or deny the fact of pregnancy.
• Preparing for conception.
• Problems conceiving or bearing a child.
• If a woman is pregnant, she is encouraged (but not required) to visit her doctor regularly to monitor the progress of her pregnancy.
• In case of any health problems during pregnancy.
• If a woman cannot get pregnant due to her own infertility or her partner’s inability to conceive, to prepare for the IVF procedure.
• To receive advice regarding the use of contraceptives.
• To carry out the procedure of surgical defloration or restoration of the hymen.
• If a woman wants to undergo voluntary sterilization.

1. Also, teenage girls during puberty and women during menopause should periodically make an appointment with an obstetrician-gynecologist.
2. In this video, an obstetrician-gynecologist answers the most common questions of expectant mothers and fathers:

Women usually do not turn to an obstetrician, because this specialist is not a doctor, and he rarely sees patients independently.

For example, a rural outpatient clinic may not have an obstetrician-gynecologist on staff, but usually there is an obstetrician. This health professional often teaches childbirth preparation classes.

Important! Some women who prefer to give birth outside the maternity hospital (at home, in nature) during pregnancy use the services of an obstetrician rather than a gynecologist. But in this case, all responsibility for the course of pregnancy, delivery, and the health of the mother and baby usually falls on the patient herself.

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Features of an appointment with an obstetrician-gynecologist

An appointment with a doctor can be planned - by appointment, or emergency - in case of life-threatening and health-threatening symptoms . For example, the start of bleeding during pregnancy may be a reason for emergency consultation with a specialist. In this case, the course of treatment will depend on the characteristics of the clinical picture.

  Andrologist, what diseases can be treated

If the visit to a specialist is planned, then the appointment will take place as standard. No special preparation is required from the woman - she just needs to create a list of disturbing symptoms, carry out hygiene procedures, and put on clean underwear. Also, an appointment with a doctor may require the purchase of a disposable gynecological examination kit.

To begin with, the doctor will listen to the patient’s complaints, ask about the time of occurrence and characteristics of the symptoms, and fill out a medical record. Your doctor or obstetrician may then do a physical examination, including a breast exam.

This will be followed by an examination in a gynecological chair using a special vaginal dilator and a disposable plastic or sterile metal speculum. Sometimes such an examination is combined with a manual examination using the method of external palpation and internal palpation through the vagina or anus.

If a woman suspects she is pregnant, the doctor, after assessing the size of the uterus, the condition of the inner walls of the vagina, and labia, can confirm or refute this assumption.

Pregnancy is determined by the size of the uterus from 4-6 weeks, but the doctor will still prescribe tests to confirm the diagnosis.

During the examination in the chair, the doctor takes a smear for flora (bacteriological examination) from the vagina.

After this, the doctor prescribes laboratory and hardware tests (depending on the situation):

1. A blood test from a vein for HIV, syphilis, herpes and other sexually transmitted infections.
2. Express diagnosis of infectious diseases using PCR.
3. Blood test for hCG - to determine pregnancy in the early stages.
4. Urine and possibly stool analysis.
5. Blood test for hormones and tumor markers.
6. Ultrasound, Doppler ultrasound, CT, MRI of the uterus and other pelvic organs, transvaginal ultrasound.
7. Colposcopy (videocolposcopy) of the cervix.
8. Hysteroscopy.
9. Hysterosalpingography.
10. Cytological examination of epithelial cells.
11. Immunological research.

Important! Some research methods require preliminary preparation from the patient. For example, it is better to take a blood test in the morning and on an empty stomach, and before a cytological examination it is recommended to refrain from sexual intercourse. The attending physician should tell the patient about preparations for diagnostic measures.

A woman should understand that she can refuse to undergo any type of tests or research, but this may affect her health or the health of her unborn child.

Also, an obstetrician-gynecologist working in a public clinic should not prescribe tests and studies to a patient (without her consent), especially a pregnant woman, that are carried out for money in private medical laboratories and medical centers.

Depending on the specific case, after examination by a specialist, the situation may develop as follows:

1. If a woman is pregnant, the doctor registers her and prescribes an examination with other specialists (dentist, ophthalmologist, dermatologist, endocrinologist, etc.). He also sets the date for the next visit.
2. If the woman is healthy and not pregnant, the doctor can give some recommendations and set a date for the next consultation (optimally in 6-12 months).
3. If the patient is diagnosed with any disease, the doctor, after diagnosis, will prescribe medication or surgical treatment and give a prognosis for its effectiveness.

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Treatment methods used by an obstetrician-gynecologist

Treatment of pathologies that are within the competence of an obstetrician-gynecologist can occur at home, on an outpatient basis or in a hospital inpatient setting.

Since there are many gynecological diseases, there are also many methods for treating them. But the methods used in modern gynecology can be classified:

1. Drug therapy is the prescription of antibiotics, antibacterial, antifungal, antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, and enzyme drugs. As well as hemostatic (hemostatic), hemostatic, immunomodulating, immunostimulating, painkillers, biostimulants. Some drugs can be taken orally, some are administered intravaginally or intravenously, intramuscularly.
2. If conservative therapy is ineffective or its use is inappropriate, surgical treatment of the pathology is prescribed . Your doctor may recommend minimally invasive medical procedures such as laparoscopy. If it is impossible to perform minimally invasive surgery, the doctor prescribes abdominal surgery.

In any case, the choice of treatment method is within the competence of the doctor and depends on the clinical picture of the disease, the technical and methodological capabilities of the clinic.

An obstetrician-gynecologist is a medical specialist who has received an appropriate higher education. And an obstetrician, more often a midwife, is in most cases a representative of the nursing staff of the maternity hospital, a antenatal clinic, who assists the doctor in his work.

You can contact an obstetrician-gynecologist with any problems related to women's health. And the obstetrician acts as prescribed by a doctor or within the scope of his powers independently, providing emergency or planned medical care to pregnant women, women in labor and newborns.

Source: https://vrachibolezni.ru/vrachi/akusher/

Gynecologist - methods of examination and treatment

Who is a gynecologist is mainly interested in young girls who are yet to visit this specialist. A gynecologist is a doctor who has studied in the specialty “Obstetrics and Gynecology”. This specialist diagnoses and treats diseases of the reproductive system in girls and women, and also deals with the prevention of such pathologies and management of pregnancy, and delivers babies.

The profession of a gynecologist is truly unique; only this specialist can patients turn to with their women’s problems.

A gynecologist can not only cure the disease, but also get advice on sexual activity and contraception. In addition, women are recommended to visit the examination room annually as a preventative measure.

Let us consider in detail how an appointment and examination with a gynecologist takes place and what methods of therapy are used.

Competence

The competence of a gynecologist includes the diagnosis of gynecological diseases and their treatment, as well as the prevention of pathologies and pregnancy management. In general, a gynecologist not only examines the genitals, but also evaluates the woman’s general health.

Thus, if a gynecologist, during an examination, observes that a woman looks sick, there are signs of a hormonal disorder, for example, exhaustion or obesity, male pattern hair, he will refer the patient to a specialist endocrinologist.

The gynecologist also participates in family planning issues, gives recommendations on conception and contraception, and termination of pregnancy. The gynecologist is directly involved in pregnancy planning. It is this specialist who prescribes all tests for the woman and gives recommendations.

During work, the gynecologist performs the following functions:

• provides consultations to patients on various issues in the field of gynecology;
• performs surgical procedures of various types;
• diagnoses pregnancy, treats pathologies of pregnant women, delivers babies;
• applies modern methods of diagnosis, treatment and prevention;
• conducts medical examination;
• carries out rehabilitation after surgery;
• diagnoses and treats sexually transmitted diseases, HIV and other infections;
• diagnoses oncological diseases of the mammary glands and genital organs.

It is worth noting that the competence of a gynecologist includes everything related to the female reproductive system. Of course, if certain pathologies are detected, the patient can be referred to a specialist.

For example, if a gynecologist diagnoses a tumor, he will definitely refer the woman to an oncologist.

If the test is positive for HIV infection, further treatment will be carried out by an infectious disease specialist, for STDs by a dermatovenerologist, etc.

Indications

The indication for regular visits to the gynecologist is the onset of puberty. Starting from the age of 12-13, every girl should regularly visit a gynecologist’s office as a preventative measure. A woman should be examined annually, even if nothing bothers her. But why go to the gynecologist just like that, patients ask.

The fact is that many gynecological diseases develop completely asymptomatically, including ovarian and uterine cancer, endometriosis, fibroids and polyps. All these pathologies manifest themselves mainly at an advanced stage, when surgical intervention is unavoidable.

But if a woman is regularly examined, the gynecologist, by palpation, will be able to notice the enlargement of organs even before symptoms appear and prescribe further examination. Thus, it is possible to identify serious diseases even before the appearance of severe symptoms and treat them with conservative methods.

All these signs are a reason to make an appointment with a gynecologist.

Record

Many women are interested in whether it is possible to make an appointment with a gynecologist for free. In Russia, the compulsory medical insurance program includes examination and treatment by a gynecologist, both for children and adults. A girl or woman of any age can take a coupon at the clinic reception and visit the required doctor at the appointed time.

The disadvantage of a free examination room is the lack of necessary equipment. At the clinic, a woman can only undergo a gynecological examination, and the doctor can also perform simple manipulations. But, for example, to undergo an ultrasound, you will need to sign up again, receive a coupon and wait in line.

If a woman wants to immediately undergo a comprehensive gynecological examination, in particular, attend an appointment with a gynecologist and an ultrasound scan at the same time, take blood tests and the necessary smears, then this is only possible for a fee in a private clinic.

In general, a free gynecological examination is no different from a paid one. A gynecologist in a clinic performs all the same manipulations as a doctor in a private clinic. The specialist answers the woman’s questions and gives clinical recommendations. The free gynecologist also refers the woman for examination and prescribes treatment, but all procedures may take longer.

Diagnostics

Examination of the body using non-operative gynecology methods involves the following studies:

• Manual inspection. This is palpation of the uterus and appendages through the vagina or rectum, as well as the anterior wall of the abdomen. This method allows you to detect enlarged organs, which means tumor, inflammation, pregnancy and many other conditions.
• Taking a smear from the vagina for flora. This research method allows you to assess the state of the vaginal microflora.
• Inspection in the mirrors on the chair. Using a speculum, the doctor assesses the condition of the cervix. The method allows you to detect inflammation, cervical erosion, polyps, precancerous conditions, endometriosis.
• An ultrasound allows you to see the genitals and assess their size. Using an ultrasound, a gynecologist can detect a neoplasm or cyst.
• Colposcopy is a diagnostic method that can be used to examine the cervix. It is carried out using a special colposcope device, which is inserted into the cervix.
• Examination of the mammary glands. The gynecologist palpates the glands for lumps and tumors.

The gynecologist may also prescribe additional examination methods, for example, general blood and urine tests, tests for hormones and infections.

In cases where the diagnostic methods described above do not help confirm the presence of the disease, surgical diagnostic procedures are used:

• Laparoscopy. In this case, a puncture is made in the abdomen, through which a laparoscope with a video camera is inserted. The method allows you to clearly examine all internal organs and find pathology. The procedure is minimally invasive, leaves no scars and does not require long-term rehabilitation.
• Hysteroscopy. This method involves inserting a hysteroscope into the uterus through the cervix to examine the condition of the endometrium. This method is used to diagnose endometriosis and tumors of the uterine cavity.

Such methods are used when serious diseases are suspected, as well as for medicinal purposes. So, with the help of laparoscopy, you can not only find a cyst or tumor, but also immediately remove the pathological tumor and cure the woman in this way.

Treatment

We discussed above what a gynecologist does at an appointment. But how is a woman treated if a disease has been detected? Therapy for gynecological diseases is divided into the following types:

• conservative;
• surgical;
• mixed;
• physiotherapeutic.

Of course, treatment will directly depend on the diagnosis. A gynecologist has the right to prescribe anti-inflammatory, immunostimulating and hormonal therapy to the patient. The doctor prescribes all medications individually for each patient.

Operative gynecology involves performing diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. As a rule, such procedures are performed in a hospital setting by a gynecologist-surgeon. Such a specialist also treats oncological diseases of the pelvic organs.

Physiotherapeutic treatment is prescribed by a gynecologist, but is carried out by a physical therapist. Such methods relate to the rehabilitation period; they are aimed at restoring the body after a serious illness or surgery.

Pregnancy

Every woman knows that if there is a positive pregnancy test, she needs to run to an appointment with a gynecologist. Moreover, regardless of whether the patient wants to keep the child or not. It is the gynecologist who carries out pregnancy management, delivers babies, and, if necessary, carries out termination of pregnancy.

What does a gynecologist do during a pregnancy appointment? He starts a card in which data on the woman’s well-being will be recorded throughout the gestation period. Test results are included there. This will help gynecologists in the maternity hospital make the right decision about the delivery and treatment of the woman and baby.

An examination by a gynecologist during pregnancy involves an examination in a chair, as well as undergoing a number of tests. These include ultrasound, consultations with specialists, blood tests, etc. The doctor may suspect pregnancy already at the initial examination, since the uterus will be slightly enlarged.

Source: https://uterus2.ru/diagnostics/ginekolog.html