In order for the treatment of prostate adenoma to be competent and effective, the specialist, first of all, needs to determine the exact size of the organ affected by the disease.
Prostate volume is assessed both at diagnosis and during treatment - it is this parameter that has the most direct impact on the choice of therapeutic strategy.
Examination methods
When determining the size of the prostate and giving them an objective assessment (both during the initial examination and with a diagnosed adenoma), certain diagnostic methods are used:
- Initial examination, which involves manual examination . There is only one access to the prostate, located in the area of the bladder, through the rectum. A finger inserted by a urologist through the anus penetrates to a depth of about 5 cm - only in this way can the prostate gland be felt and an assessment of its size, volume and structure be made. In normal condition, the organ should not be more than 2.5-3 cm. If abnormalities are detected and a preliminary diagnosis is made, the patient is prescribed another procedure - examination with an ultrasound machine.
- Ultrasound examination, considered one of the most informative . It is called TRUS because it is performed transrectally. The ultrasound method allows you to more accurately assess the size, volume and weight of the diseased organ - during the treatment process, TRUS is used to monitor the dynamics of changes in the neoplasm in the prostate and provide postoperative monitoring.
- X-ray, which is used in extreme cases . Prostatography is carried out using a contrast agent - it stains the diseased organ and, thereby, highlights it in the pictures. X-ray reveals all existing pathologies quite clearly, however, carrying out such a procedure is associated with certain difficulties and requires preliminary preparation of the man.
The choice of a particular technique is influenced by the stage of the disease.
Prostate size: normal
In a newborn boy, the prostate gland is in its infancy and weighs no more than 1 gram. Its main growth occurs during the puberty of a young man - by the age of 18, the prostate gland reaches its maximum size and remains in this form for almost 40 years.
Without a doubt, prostate parameters are individual values, sometimes changing during a man’s life. But in acceptable sizes!
As soon as a man reaches 55 years of age, the prostate gland begins to decrease in volume - the reason for this is the age-related decrease in male hormones.
If a representative of the stronger half of humanity has certain endocrine pathologies that have a direct connection with deviations in sexual development, the organ may be smaller in size.
The parameters of the gland deviate from the norm and in the event of inflammatory or tumor processes, the size of a healthy organ should be known to every man.
The average acceptable size of the gland is 3 cm in length and 3 cm in width. The walls of the organ should ideally be no thicker than 2 cm. However, deviations are allowed in both the maximum and minimum directions.
Sex with prostate adenoma: sex life during illness
Minimum prostate size:
- width - 2.2 cm;
- length – 2.5 cm;
- thickness – 1.5 cm.
Maximum dimensions:
- width - 4 cm;
- length – 4.5 cm;
- thickness – 2.3 cm.
These dimensions become the starting point for calculating gland volumes . In principle, its parameters can be calculated automatically – during ultrasound examinations. However, doctors prefer to do this using basic mathematical operations - the error in such calculations is much smaller.
The volume of the gland in normal condition is from 20 to 30 cm3. In order for the calculations to be made correctly, doctors use a fairly simple formula: the man’s age is multiplied by 0.13 and added to the resulting number 16.4. The result is compared with the obtained calculated organ volumes. A healthy gland weighs from 16 to 19 g.
If deviations from normal parameters are significant, a specialist will diagnose gland hyperplasia or adenoma - a benign tissue growth.
Stages of adenoma development
The size of the prostate adenoma determines the stage of development of the disease - it is this fact that is reflected in the symptoms and influences the choice of treatment.
- First stage . The changes in the organ are insignificant, the increase in its volume does not exceed 30-50 ml, and the appearance of the first scars is noticeable. When the size of the gland increases to 4 cm or more, doctors diagnose an adenoma.
The patient complains of frequent and painful urination and sluggishness of the stream when passing urine. This is explained by the formation of stones in the urinary ducts , which impede the outflow of urine from the kidneys and create the preconditions for the formation of residual urine.
However, if the patient has not started inflammation (prostatitis), the process of synthesis and waste of prostate juice still remains within normal limits.
If the patient does not complain of severe pain, treatment will be conservative. Moreover, a significant role in it will be assigned to secondary preventive measures . The patient will have to change his views on nutrition, sports and many habits. Those who are into strength training will have to switch to swimming and walking.
Therapeutic and preventive measures at this stage of the disease are of great importance - if you do not pay due attention to them, the adenoma will grow and enter the second stage.
- Second stage . Pathological processes occurring in the gland become more pronounced. The volume of the organ reaches 60 cm3. Treatment with medications is no longer effective - the specialist strongly recommends surgery to the patient, during which parts of the overgrown tissue will be excised.
Complete emptying of the bladder at this stage is impossible - the volume of residual urine sometimes reaches 200 ml, and the bladder does not decrease even after emptying. To urinate, a man must strain. But, despite the efforts made, the procedure is constantly interrupted and becomes more and more lengthy every day.
The consequence of the expansion of the ureters is kidney failure, leading to intoxication of the body, skin problems, and a constant feeling of thirst.
Severe growth of the adenoma compresses the intestines, and pathologically altered prostate tissue grows into the rectum. The patient begins to experience constipation, bleeding and mucus discharge from the anus, and suffers from a constant urge to urinate.
If surgical intervention is abandoned at this stage, the adenoma will increase in volume and enter the third stage.
- Third stage . Decompensation. The volume of the organ affected by the disease reaches 100-120 cm3. The operation becomes possible only in an open form - it will not be possible to avoid the formation of a huge scar in such a situation.
Gonorrhea: how it is transmitted and how to treat the disease
The patient begins to experience sexual disorders and problems with urination. The tumor, if not removed immediately, will disrupt the outflow of lymph, therefore, the lymph nodes will undergo deformation and swelling will appear.
The patient constantly wants to go to the toilet, but urination occurs in small portions and does not bring relief - the tumor, due to its large size, almost completely blocks the urethra.
Symptoms of intoxication become apparent - nausea and general weakness. They arise against the background of the development of decompensated renal failure. Refusing to drink fluids, the patient suffers from thirst - over time, dehydration occurs.
The 3rd stage is characterized by psycho-emotional disorders that appear due to constant pain, problems with urination, and sexual disorders.
Important point! The fourth stage of prostate adenoma is terminal . It is incompatible with life due to water-electrolyte imbalance.
Sizes of prostate adenoma by category
| Category | Volume | Size |
| Healthy organ | 20-30 ml | 1.5-2.3 cm |
| Stage I adenoma | Up to 50 ml | Up to 4 cm |
| Adenoma stage II | Up to 60 ml | Up to 7 cm |
| Stage III adenoma | Up to 120 ml | More than 7 cm |
In what cases is surgery necessary?
To treat adenoma in the initial stage, the patient is prescribed drugs belonging to the group of inhibitors. Take them for at least six months - in some patients the tumor decreases by 70%.
If the size of the prostate adenoma exceeds 42 cm3 (first stage), the patient has complaints of pain and difficulty urinating, and drug therapy has not achieved the desired results, surgical intervention cannot be avoided.
To reduce the traumatic consequences of the operation to a minimum, the size of the prostate adenoma is reduced to 63 cm3. For a tumor whose volume is more than 80 cm3, only open surgery is possible.
Surgical intervention can be performed not only as an open prostatectomy - modern medicine has quite a wide range of capabilities:
- Transurethral method - with penetration through the urethra.
- The laser method is low-traumatic and bloodless. Its essence is to burn out tissues affected by the disease and simultaneously carry out coagulation of blood vessels.
- Vascular embolization.
Not only an adenoma can provoke an increase in the size of the prostate gland - similar symptoms are characteristic of prostatitis and prostate cancer.
That is why the importance of timely and correct diagnosis is so obvious in the case of an increase in the volume and size of the prostate gland and in identifying the first signs of organ pathology.
© 2018 - 2019, Eganov Egan Pavlovich. All rights reserved.
Source: https://ZdravMen.ru/zabolevania/razmery-prostaty-pri-adenome.html
How the prostate enlarges with adenoma: norms and sizes for surgery
Benign prostatic hyperplasia is increasingly being diagnosed not only in older men, but also in people who have barely reached the age threshold of thirty.
The size of prostate adenoma grows as the disease progresses and depends on its severity. Determining the size of the tumor will help you choose the right treatment.
If drug therapy is not enough, the patient is sent for surgery.
Pathological anatomy of prostate adenoma
Adenoma is a tumor formed from the epithelium of the gland. Its shape resembles a nodular connection with clearly defined contours, located in the thickness of the prostate.
Due to the secretion accumulated in the adenoma, cystic cavities can be found in it. In addition to the growth of the glandular component of the organ, branching of muscle fibers is observed. This increases the size of the tumor to 200 grams or more.
There are the following forms of adenoma:
- intravesical . The growth of the formation is directed into the lumen of the bladder;
- subvesical . The tumor grows towards the rectum;
- retrotrigonal . The tumor arises under the bladder triangle.
The growing nodes compress the urethra, which leads to disruption of the outflow of urine.
Over time, the muscle walls of the bladder hypertrophy, the organ becomes sluggish, and urinary incontinence occurs.
Urinary retention contributes to the penetration of infection into the kidneys and the development of pyelonephritis.
Norms for prostate size and volume in men by age
In infancy, the size of the gland is slightly larger than a pea. During adolescence, the most significant increase in the organ occurs. The prostate matures around the age of twenty, when a man moves from puberty to sexual maturity.
Over the course of life, it increases, and the size of a normal organ differs little from a pathologically altered one. At 25 years old, its size is 19.6 cm3, and at 50 years old – 22.9 cm3, that is, it does not change much in volume.
Normal and enlarged prostate
The following values of prostate volume depending on age can be considered normal:
- up to 20 years – up to 20 cm3;
- 20-30 years – up to 25 cm3;
- 30-50 years – up to 30 cm3.
In men over 50 years of age, it can reach 35 cm3.
Determining the size of a benign tumor
The size of the tumor can be determined using the following methods: digital examination of the organ, ultrasound, and x-ray.
Uroflowmetry allows you to evaluate the rate of urination.
This parameter is important because the growing tumor interferes with urination. Laboratory tests are an important tool in diagnosing any pathological processes, including determining the size of a tumor.
The patient is prescribed urine, blood and prostate specific antigen tests. X-ray examination methods will help detect stones in the kidneys and bladder.
Finger examination
A rectal examination of the gland is performed by a urologist. The finger method allows you to obtain information about its size, consistency, presence or absence of seals.
Palpation examination of the prostate
The doctor determines how painfully it reacts and whether there is a groove between the lobes of the organ. In a healthy person it should be palpable.
Ultrasound and TRUS
An ultrasound examination shows the size of each lobe of the gland, the condition of the parenchyma for the presence of nodules and stones.
It shows the amount of residual urine. Using this method, you can detect cysts, tumors, nodules, and calcifications. Transrectal ultrasound is a variation of the traditional method. It is based on the introduction of a special sensor through the anus, with which you can examine the organ in more detail.
Sizes of prostate adenoma by category
The length of a healthy organ is from 2.5 to 4.5 cm, thickness is from 1.5 to 2.3 cm, width is from 2.6 to 4.3 cm. The normal volume of the gland is from 20 to 30 milliliters.
With pathological changes and the development of benign hyperplasia, indicators vary depending on the severity of the disease:
- at the first stage, the volume increases to 50 milliliters, thickness - up to 4 cm;
- at the second stage, the iron becomes up to 60 milliliters in volume and up to 7 cm in girth;
- at the third stage, the organ increases in volume to 120 milliliters.
- At the last stage, the thickness, length, and width of the gland become larger.
- The patient experiences acute urinary retention because the tumor blocks the channel for urine output.
- A man's lymph nodes become enlarged, and in severe cases, kidney failure develops.
Critical dimensions
Critical dimensions:
- length - 4.5 cm;
- width - 40 mm;
- thickness - 0.023 m.
The volume of the gland should be between 20 and 30 cm3.
Indications for surgery
Drug therapy can help a man only in the first stage of the disease.
In advanced cases, surgical intervention is indicated:
- stones were found in the urinary system;
- the patient cannot go to the toilet independently;
- there were problems with the functioning of the kidneys.
Surgery will also be prescribed if taking medications does not produce the expected effect.
Carrying out competent therapy will help stop the growth of the adenoma, reduce the size of the gland by 30%, while avoiding surgical intervention.
Causes of mucus and squamous epithelium in prostatic secretions
When collecting prostatic secretions for analysis under a microscope, no more than two epithelial cells should be detected.
Exceeding the norm is a sign of inflammation of organ tissue. High values indicate that the man has desquamatous inflammation, that is, the epithelial linings are peeling.
The appearance of mucus signals that the ducts of the gland are swollen, and the lumen is clogged with secretions, sometimes with pus.
Video on the topic
About prostate adenoma in the video:
If you suspect a disorder of the prostate gland, it is important to determine its size and volume. These parameters are very important when making a diagnosis. The size of the prostate changes with benign enlargement of the organ - hyperplasia (adenoma).
Size matters when prescribing medications and indications for surgery. Ultrasound and TRUS allows not only to determine the size, but also to study the structure of the organ.
If you suspect a prostate adenoma, especially if a man has trouble urinating, he should consult a urologist. Early diagnosis of the disease allows drug therapy without surgical intervention.
Source: https://prostata.guru/prostata/adenoma-prostaty/razmery.html
Prostate size with adenoma: reasons for increased volume, size
The prostate in men has a fixed size, and a deviation from the norm indicates the presence of adenoma, cancer, prostatitis and other dangerous diseases. If during an ultrasound or CT scan the doctor finds an enlarged organ, additional examinations need to be carried out to accurately determine the type of disease. What is the normal size of the prostate? Why does the size of this organ change with adenoma? What diagnostic and treatment methods have been developed by doctors? Below you will find answers to these and other questions.
Normal prostate size
The prostate is the male sex gland, which is located in the pelvis under the bladder. This organ produces a special secretion that is included in the sperm.
Prostate secretion regulates sperm activity and quantity, and also performs a protective function.
If the functioning of the prostate is disrupted, the quality of sperm noticeably decreases, which reduces a man’s fertility.
From an anatomical point of view, the prostate consists of two approximately equal halves, which are connected to each other using a special isthmus.
Structurally, the prostate consists of special glandular cells that constantly synthesize secretions, which are then included in the sperm.
In a healthy man, the gland normally has a strictly defined size and weight, and a deviation from the norm may indicate the presence of a disease.
Normally, the gland has the shape of a small walnut. The exact dimensions of the organ are presented in the table.
| Parameter | Parameter value |
| Length | 2.5 – 4.5 cm |
| Width | 2 – 4 cm |
| Thickness | 1.5 – 2.5 cm |
| Volume | 18 – 32 ml |
| Weight | 15-22 g |
The prostate gland is formed in the body during fetal development. At birth, the weight of the gland is approximately 1 g, but as the prostate grows and develops, it increases in both weight and size.
The growth of the gland stops at approximately 15-20 years. After 60 years, a slight decrease in the weight and size of the prostate is possible.
Also, its parameters can be affected by various disorders, so the presence of a hidden disorder can be determined by the appearance and weight of the gland.
Most often, the size of the prostate changes due to adenoma. In this case, uncontrolled cell proliferation begins inside the organ, which leads to an increase in the weight and size of the prostate. Also, the prostate gland can increase in size due to prostatitis, carcinoma, salt deposition inside the organ, etc.
An experienced doctor should diagnose and prescribe treatment, since it is quite difficult to externally determine the size of the prostate without special equipment, and prescribing the wrong medications can aggravate the disease.
How to determine prostate size
There are several methods for determining the size of the prostate:
- Manual examination. The urologist puts gloves on his hand, lubricates the index or middle finger with a special gel and inserts it into the patient’s colon. After this, he finds the prostate and determines its size by touch. This procedure is quite unpleasant for many patients, so ultrasound is often immediately prescribed instead.
- Ultrasound examination (ultrasound) . The prostate is irradiated with special ultrasound waves, which make it possible to recreate the appearance of the prostate using special equipment. It should be understood that, in general, ultrasound is not an accurate enough diagnostic method, but it is sufficient to assess the size of the prostate, and more accurate examination methods are prescribed less frequently. Ultrasound is a completely safe diagnostic method, since ultrasound waves do not harm the body.
- CT and MRI. This is irradiation of the prostate using radiation (CT) or magnetic waves (MRI). These diagnostic methods allow you to accurately recreate the appearance of the prostate. CT and MRI are often redundant, since in most cases ultrasound is sufficient to determine the size of the prostate. However, in case of serious illness (for example, if cancer is suspected), these methods can be used instead of ultrasound. CT is a cheaper examination method, but sometimes MRI, which is safer, must be used instead.
Prostate enlargement with adenoma by category
Prostate adenoma (prostatic hyperplasia) is a benign tumor that forms inside the prostate gland. With adenoma, short-term disordered cell division occurs within the organ, which leads to a change in its functionality.
The organ also changes in size, so the presence of the disease can be determined using ultrasound or CT. Most often, this disease appears in men over 60 years of age, and before 30 years of age it is extremely rare.
It should be understood that today adenoma is curable in almost 100% of cases, but if left untreated, the disease can develop into a malignant tumor, which can lead to the death of a person.
To date, the exact causes of prostate adenoma are unknown. It has been established that certain factors increase the risk of adenoma, including:
- drinking alcohol and smoking;
- excess weight;
- frequent hypothermia of the body;
- physical inactivity;
- genetic predisposition;
- prostatitis and gallbladder diseases;
- frequent consumption of fatty, sour or salty foods.
The disease occurs in 3 stages. Each stage is characterized by certain symptoms and developmental features.
Stage I. At this stage, there is a gradual proliferation of harmful cells inside the prostate, but no serious violations occur. The main symptom of the first stage is frequent urination with mild or no pain. At this stage, drug therapy is used for treatment. Organ volume – 50 ml, thickness – 4 cm.
Stage II. At this stage, the proliferation of harmful cells leads to dysfunction of the prostate.
In the second stage, the following symptoms appear - difficulty urinating, pain during urination and ejaculation, a slight increase in body temperature, mild pain in the pelvic area, etc.
For treatment, drug and laser therapy are used; in rare cases, surgery is necessary. Organ volume – 60 ml, thickness – 7 cm.
Stage III . At this stage, damage to the blood vessels occurs, which leads to internal bleeding. The main symptoms are the appearance of blood in the urine, acute pain and burning in the abdomen (pain intensifies during urination), increased body temperature, etc. The main methods of treatment are laser therapy and surgery. Organ volume – 120 ml.
Other diseases
In addition to adenoma, there are other diseases in which the size and weight of the prostate change.
Prostatitis. With this disorder, inflammation of the prostate occurs (chronic or acute). Prostatitis usually appears as a complication of infectious diseases of the genital organs. Acute prostatitis is characterized by acute pain in the abdominal area, an increase in body temperature by 1-2 degrees, headaches, etc.
Chronic prostatitis occurs as a complication of acute prostatitis. At the same time, chronic prostatitis quite often is asymptomatic, but periodically it worsens and goes into the acute phase with all the characteristic signs.
Prostatitis is a completely curable disease, and you can get rid of it with the help of antibiotics, antiviral drugs and immunomodulators.
Carcinoma. This disease is a malignant form of adenoma. With this disease, uncontrolled growth of prostate tissue occurs, which leads to the death of the organ. The main symptoms of carcinoma are pain during urination and ejaculation, pain in the abdominal area, headaches, nausea, etc.
Carcinoma can also metastasize to other organs, which can lead to complex cancer. Today, carcinoma at an early stage of development responds well to treatment with radiotherapy and chemotherapy.
In some cases, the affected organ may be removed through surgery to prevent infection of other organs and tissues.
Salt deposits. Crystal deposits form in the prostate, which can interfere with the functioning of the organ, although quite often this disease is asymptomatic.
The salts appear as small, dense lumps that will be visible on a CT or MRI scan.
This disease is easily treatable and is most often treated with medications, laser therapy, or surgery.
Normally, in a healthy man, the prostate has a fixed length, width, thickness, weight and volume. If an ultrasound examination shows a deviation from the norm, this means that the person may be sick, and additional diagnostics need to be carried out to clarify the diagnosis.
Most often, a change in the size of the prostate occurs with adenoma, prostatitis, cancer, etc. Most of these diseases are curable. The main methods of treatment are medications, laser therapy and surgery.
© 2018 – 2019, MedProstatit.ru. All rights reserved.
Source: https://MedProstatit.ru/adenoma-prostaty-razmery.html
What size can a prostate tumor be and how to measure it?
Prostate adenoma is a benign prostate tumor of a hormonal nature. The disease occurs when testosterone synthesis in the body sharply decreases.
The tumor is more often diagnosed in men over 45 years of age. However, sometimes the process affects young people too. The older a man is, the higher the likelihood of developing a tumor.
At the same time, the size of prostate adenoma will be noticeably larger than in young men.
Important
The normal size of the prostate gland in men of reproductive age should be no more than 40 mm in width and length.
During diagnosis, doctors always pay attention to the size of the pathological focus. After all, the clinical picture and treatment regimen for the disease depend on this. This article will describe what sizes of adenoma there are, what they lead to, and what treatment methods are effective for this disease.
Symptoms of hyperplasia
To understand the mechanism of development of a benign prostate tumor, you need to have at least a minimal understanding of anatomy. The prostate gland is the male organ of the reproductive system. The function of the organ is to secrete the secretion necessary for the synthesis of seminal fluid. Sperm is deposited in the testicles. During sexual intercourse, seminal fluid is expelled through the urethra. The same channel drains urine from the bladder.
If a man has signs of benign prostatic hyperplasia, there is an enlargement of the gland and, accordingly, urinary retention. In medicine, this condition is called a lower urinary tract symptom.
They are classified into obstructive and irritant symptoms. The first are characterized by the fact that a large prostate adenoma compresses the urethra, which leads to difficulty passing urine.
Irritating symptoms are associated with bladder overflow.
If a man develops prostate adenoma, the following clinical picture may be observed:
- Frequent, unbearable urge to urinate.
- Despite the fact that the urge is strong, a man cannot immediately completely empty his bladder.
- During the process of urination, discomfort, tension or pain occurs.
- Urine streams are usually intermittent and weak.
- During urination, the last point is a jerky, tense release of urine.
- A man goes to the toilet very often, every hour.
- The process of urination is accompanied by a burning sensation and pain.
If a man cannot go to the toilet “in a small way,” this indicates a severe form of prostatic hyperplasia. You should seek medical help immediately.
Determination of prostate size
prostate ultrasound
The normal size of the prostate gland changes throughout a man's life. In newborn babies, the organ is in a rudimentary state. The final formation occurs during the baby's growth. On average, iron reaches normal size at the age of 23 of a man’s life. With age, the gland becomes physiologically enlarged. The process must be monitored in order to promptly determine the pathology, and for this there are acceptable sizes of the organ.
Normally, iron increases at a slow, almost imperceptible pace. If the volume of the prostate gland increases at lightning speed, this indicates a pathological deviation.
Statistics show that pathological growth of the gland in men, on average, occurs at 60 years of age and older, but the risk group includes representatives of the stronger half, starting from the age of 40.
When a man reaches this age category, he must undergo annual preventive examinations with a doctor. The easiest way to determine the size of the prostate gland is by ultrasound.
There are 2 methods of ultrasound examination of the prostate:
| Medical name | The essence of the procedure |
| Transabdominal method | The study is carried out externally, through the abdominal wall. This is the most accessible and easiest way to determine the size of the prostate gland with adenoma and more. Today, such research is carried out in absolutely any medical institution. The study allows you to find out the size, volume and weight of the gland. The method has one, but significant drawback. During an ultrasound, the outline of the organ should be clear. If there are any external growths or excess body weight, the procedure will be ineffective because the picture will be distorted. |
| Transrectal method | Doctors consider this method to be more informative and accurate. Ultrasound uses a high-frequency probe that is placed in the rectum of the patient being examined. The picture during the examination is as accurate as possible, because There are no longer any structures between the colon and the prostate. The method allows you to thoroughly study the gland in normal conditions and with adenoma. The sensor shows the lobes of the prostate, the condition of the fatty tissue and the venous plexus of the gland. Displays stones, cysts, or areas of infection if present. |
If the prostate gland is not affected by a pathological process, it has clear, even contours and a uniform structure. Asymmetry should not be observed either. Normal sizes have the following boundaries:
- In the longitudinal direction from 24 to 40 mm.
- In the anteroposterior from 15 to 25 mm.
- Transversely from 27 to 42 mm.
If a man has reached the age of 50 - 60 years. A slight increase in these dimensions is acceptable.
To calculate the size of the prostate in case of adenoma and other diseases, you must first undergo a transtrectal ultrasound, and then make simple calculations based on the results. Doctors use the following formulas for this:
- The transverse, anteroposterior and longitudinal dimensions are multiplied among themselves, and then the resulting value is multiplied by a factor of 0.52. This calculation is called the truncated ellipse formula.
- If the mass of the prostate exceeds 80 g, then use the following formula: the transverse size of the gland is cubed and the value is multiplied by 0.52.
- If the mass of the organ is less than 80 g, then the volume is calculated as follows: the transverse and anteroposterior dimensions squared are multiplied by a factor of 0.52.
In a middle-aged man, the prostate gland should have a volume of 20–30 cm³. The volume of the prostate with adenoma will exceed these values.
With age, the size of the prostate changes, so the following formula is used for calculation: 0.13 × patient age + 16.4. To make an accurate diagnosis, it is necessary to know the mass of the gland. For this purpose, VOLUME OF IRON × 1.05.
Source: https://prostatitaid.ru/adenoma-prostaty/o-zabolevanii-adenomy/razmery.html
Dimensions of prostate adenoma
During a urological examination of men with suspected tumor processes in order to diagnose benign prostatic hyperplasia, special attention is paid to its linear dimensions and volume.
This is important, first of all, in order to choose the optimal treatment tactics, since medical protocols clearly define at what sizes of prostate adenoma surgery is required , and at what sizes surgery can be done without surgery.
The normal linear dimensions of the prostate gland in men aged 25 to 45 years are considered to be:
- along the gland – from 2.5 to 4 cm;
- across the gland - from 2.7 to 4.2 cm;
- from front to back - from 1.5 to 2.5 cm.
The volume of the organ can vary between 20-30 ml depending on the age of the patient. For example, for a patient 20-25 years old, a figure of 30 ml can be defined as a pathological volume of the prostate with adenoma , and for a man over 60 years old, this volume is the norm.
They also pay attention to the weight of the gland: a healthy organ should weigh between 16-28 g. Anything above that is already interpreted as a deviation.
To do this, you first need to determine the size of the tumor. For this purpose, a number of studies can be carried out, in particular:
- rectal palpation. Digital examination through the anus will not help determine the exact size, but it will determine whether the prostate gland is normal or enlarged;
- transabdominal and/or transrectal ultrasound is an indicative method that makes it possible to establish not only the size, but also the shape, contours, tissue structure, location and approximate volume of prostate adenoma;
- MRI is a highly informative modern research method that allows you to note even the most minor deviations from the norm and determine the size of a tumor with an accuracy of a millimeter;
- prostatography - this procedure is an x-ray using a contrast agent that colors nearby organs and thus visualizes them in the image. It is used infrequently due to its invasiveness and the need for preliminary patient preparation. But such research is as informative as possible.
Once the size of the prostate tumor has been determined, its volume can be calculated. To do this, with a tumor mass of up to 80 g, the anteroposterior indicator is multiplied by the square of the transverse and then multiplied by 0.52. If the mass of the prostate exceeds 80 g, another calculation method is used: the transverse parameter is raised to the third power, and then multiplied by 0.52.
Based on the data obtained, in combination with other symptoms and the results of other studies, the urologist determines the stage of the disease and selects the optimal treatment tactics.
In general, full-fledged surgical intervention, that is, open adenectomy, is indicated in cases where the tumor volume exceeds 120 ml. If it does not reach this indicator, you can get by with minimally invasive intervention - transurethal resection, incision or vaporization.
In each case, the decision is made by the operating doctor. Even if the size and volume of the prostate gland with adenoma do not exceed those acceptable for a certain treatment tactic, but there are aggravating symptoms in the form of renal failure, acute urinary retention or a large residual amount, an atypical method of eliminating the problem may be chosen.
At the same time, if, based on the volume of the adenoma, open abdominal surgery is necessary, and the patient’s health condition does not allow it, the doctor can choose an alternative treatment method, even if it is less effective.
Unfortunately, non-surgical treatments such as drug therapy, diet therapy and physical therapy do not completely eliminate benign prostatic hyperplasia.
However, they can significantly affect the size and volume of the prostate with adenoma towards reduction, prevent its growth, significantly improve the patient’s quality of life and achieve long-term – sometimes more than 10 years – stable remission.
True, such methods work effectively only at the initial stage of the disease if you consult a specialist in a timely manner.
Source: https://samlife.ru/onkologiya/razmery-adenomy-prostaty.html
How to determine prostate adenoma?
How to determine prostate adenoma? – this is a question often asked by male patients to their attending physicians. Of course, great importance is attached to the method of determining this disease, since not only the diagnosis, but also the subsequently chosen treatment model depends on it. What methods does modern medicine offer today to identify prostate adenoma?
Symptoms of the disease
Prostate adenoma, like many other diseases of the human body, has its own symptoms.
They are divided into two broad categories:
- Irritative.
- Obstructive.
Irritative symptoms are:
- frequent incontinence;
- nocturia;
- increased urination;
- urgent urge to urinate.
Obstructive signs are:
- a feeling of rapid emptying in the bladder;
- drip of urine at the end of the emptying process;
- low “pressure” of the jet;
- prolonged act of urination;
- delayed onset of urination;
- straining when emptying the bladder;
- difficulty urinating.
All these symptoms signal changes that have occurred in the body that are pathogenic in nature. If you notice one of these symptoms, you should go to the hospital for mandatory diagnosis of the genitourinary system.
Methods for diagnosing pathology
Prostate adenoma, the diagnosis of which forms the basis of treatment, has some symptoms that distinguish this disease from others.
It is on the basis of these signs that one can judge whether the body is affected by this disease.
However, it is quite difficult for a person not knowledgeable in this field of medicine to make a correct diagnosis, which indicates the need for mandatory treatment in a medical institution.
A proper consultation with a urologist can not only charge the body with a cheerful mood to fight the disease, but will also help prescribe the correct treatment. A medical examination for the presence of adenoma in the body should be carried out when the slightest signs of this pathology appear.
The initial methods for diagnosing this pathology are for the doctor to conduct a digital rectal examination of the prostate.
Thanks to this method, the doctor will be able to identify the following parameters of this organ:
- consistency;
- density;
- dimensional characteristics.
In addition to a digital rectal examination, the patient is required to undergo an ultrasound examination of the structure of the prostate. Prostate adenoma, the diagnosis of which is of great importance, in most cases affects representatives of the stronger sex in adulthood, so during this period they need to be more attentive to their own health.
Treatment of adenoma must be carried out by a urologist.
With the help of this specialist, the following types of diagnostics are carried out:
- Preliminary inspection.
- Exploration with fingers.
- Ultrasound of the prostate.
- TRUS (transrectal examination of the organ through the rectum).
- A urodynamic method of studying the study of urine (measuring its flow, as well as identifying the degree of disturbance of the urinary process).
- Determination of the amount of prostate-specific antigens contained in the bloodstream.
All these diagnostic methods help make an accurate diagnosis of the pathology present in the body. In most cases, doctors use all these methods in combination to get the most accurate picture of the development of adenoma in the male body.
Features of urodynamic study
Determining the nature of the urination process, as well as other characteristics of urine, are no less important when diagnosing adenoma.
Urodynamic studies are carried out using methods such as:
- videourodynamics;
- uroflowmetry.
These techniques allow us to identify the true cause of urinary disorders.
Thanks to the results of such studies, the urologist can:
- assess the health of the lower urinary tract;
- determine the true cause of the existing symptoms;
- recognize the degree of dysfunction of the bladder and related organs;
- identify the characteristic features of the emerging pathological changes.
The use of uroflowmetry today is a prerequisite for obtaining the most accurate diagnosis of the pathology present in the body.
This urodynamic examination of patients is prescribed primarily when patients complain of changes in the nature of urination. Treatment of adenoma with this diagnostic method becomes much simpler and more effective.
With uroflowmetry, doctors can accurately measure urine flow to determine the true rate of urination. Today, this method is used using special electronic equipment.
Electronics for uroflowmetry have improved so much today that this technique can be safely performed even at home.
Only this method is suitable for home use, while the rest require the supervision of an appropriate specialist.
Most urodynamic studies are carried out in clinical settings, where there is special equipment and round-the-clock supervision of medical workers. For these purposes, hospitals have specially equipped separate rooms - offices, where all the necessary equipment and relevant tools are in working mode.
Each patient undergoes a urodynamic examination individually, which allows us to obtain the most reliable results and make an accurate diagnosis of the disease present in the body.
Remember, only correct diagnosis allows you to identify the true cause of the pathology that has arisen in the body and determine the nature of the treatment.
Source: https://prostatit-stop.ru/kak-opredelit-adenomu-prostaty/
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