What are effective cough suppressants for children?

In pharmacies there are always dozens of cough remedies. But for some reason they sometimes don't help. The fact is that coughs come in different forms. And, therefore, the drugs to combat it should not be the same.

How to choose a cough medicine

Cough is not an independent disease, but only a symptom of it. Getting rid of it will not cure the disease, but it will make you feel better. You can eliminate a cough by determining its type. There are two main types:

• dry (unproductive);
• moist (wet, or productive).

A cough occurs when the cough reflex is triggered. A person wants to cough when the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract is irritated. It can occur as a result of exposure to allergens, dust particles or pathogens.

When dust and other small foreign particles enter, a dry cough develops. It is so called because it is not accompanied by the production of sputum. If you want to cough constantly, and coughing attacks begin to cause pain in the throat, the doctor will prescribe medications to suppress the cough reflex.

When viruses or bacteria enter the bronchi, a wet cough develops. It is so called because it is accompanied by copious secretion and discharge of sputum. Together with it, the body tries to push out infectious agents.

The sputum will come out easier if it is liquid.

The type of cough is the main criterion for choosing a medicine to treat this symptom. You should also consider:

• cause of cough (allergy, infection);
• age (possible negative effects of some drugs on children);
• sensitivity to drugs and their tolerance by the patient (to exclude allergic reactions);
• drugs that will be additionally taken in the treatment of cough (their incompatibility cannot be allowed).

It is difficult for people without medical education to take into account all the nuances. Therefore, self-medication can lead to complications. The choice of drug should be made by a doctor . Be sure to visit it if you are sick and start coughing.

Pregnant and lactating women should be especially careful when choosing a cough remedy. The active substances can penetrate the uteroplacental barrier and into breast milk, and with it enter the baby’s body. This applies not only to drugs, but also to medicinal herbs, which can also be dangerous for a child.

Classification of cough medications

Based on the type of action, the following groups of drugs are distinguished:

1. Antitussives. These are drugs that eliminate the urge to cough. They are suitable for the treatment of dry cough.
2. Mucolytic agents. This includes drugs that reduce the viscosity of sputum and improve its discharge. They are prescribed for productive cough.

According to the mechanism of action, antitussives are divided into 2 groups:

1. Central action. They affect the areas of the brain responsible for the cough reflex. There are:
   1. Non-narcotic.
   2. Narcotic.
2. Peripheral action. Reduce the desire to cough by eliminating irritation by reducing the sensitivity of nerve endings located on the mucous membrane of the respiratory organs.

Classification of mucolytic drugs:

1. Mucus thinners:
   1. By disrupting the peptide bonds of its components.
   2. By breaking the disulfide bonds of its components.
   3. By stimulating the production of its liquid component.
2. Stimulating mucus removal:
   1. Central action (unlike antitussives, they do not suppress, but stimulate the cough reflex).
   2. Peripheral action, stimulating bronchial peristalsis (contractions of the bronchial muscles, promoting the movement of sputum up the respiratory tract).

There are also combination drugs that contain several active components with multidirectional effects (for example, the drug simultaneously improves the discharge of sputum and dilutes it).

Centrally acting antitussives

Coughing is a reflex defense reaction of the body necessary to remove phlegm and small foreign bodies from the respiratory tract. It occurs when the cough center located in the medulla oblongata is irritated.

A dry cough is unproductive, so there is no benefit from it. It is better to suppress it, preventing a sore throat from severe attacks.

Antitussives cope with this by inhibiting those parts of the medulla oblongata that are responsible for the cough reflex.

Substances that are derivatives of morphine have a strong antitussive effect. However, they not only suppress the reflex, but also inhibit respiratory activity, which is also regulated by the medulla oblongata. Non-narcotic drugs are less effective, but they do not affect the area of ​​the brain responsible for breathing.

Table: non-narcotic antitussives

Photo gallery: non-narcotic antitussives

Codelac Neo is used for dry cough in children over 2 months of age Sinecode is suitable for the treatment of dry cough in children and adults Omnitus is suitable for children over 3 years old and adults Glauvent is suitable for children over 4 years old

Table: narcotic antitussives

It is worth noting that in Russia, narcotic antitussive drugs are classified as combination drugs (they combine various active ingredients), and drugs containing only morphine-like substances as an active component are not sold at all in our country.

Peripheral antitussives

Peripheral cough medications act on the nerve endings located on the mucous membrane of the larynx, trachea and bronchi. They reduce their sensitivity, relieve pain and irritation, which reduces the transmission of nerve impulses to the brain.

Table: drugs against dry cough of peripheral action

Photo gallery: drugs against dry cough of peripheral action

Libexin is not recommended for use in childhood Levopront is not yet registered in Russia Falimint is not recommended for use in young children, pregnant and lactating women

Combined antitussives

To eliminate a severe dry cough, antitussives that combine central and peripheral actions are ideal. In this case, not only is the cough reflex suppressed, but also the irritation of the mucous membrane of the respiratory system is reduced, and therefore the desire to cough goes away.

Table: combined action drugs for dry cough

Photo gallery: combined remedies against dry cough

Terpincode contains narcotic substances, so it is dispensed from pharmacies only with a doctor's prescription. Lozenges can be used by both children (from 4 years old) and adults. Stoptussin in drops can be used from 6 months, and in tablets - from 12 years old. Bronholitin is suitable for the treatment of wet cough in adults and children from 3 years old

Mucolytic drugs

If the cough is productive, it cannot be suppressed. A depressed cough reflex in this case leads to blockage of the bronchi and the development of obstructive bronchitis, which can smoothly develop into pneumonia. First aid for a wet cough is to thin the sputum.

Sputum is a complex secretion consisting of mucus secreted in the trachea and bronchi. Its components are interconnected by chemical bonds. The better the components of sputum are connected, the thicker it is.

Expectorants help with this by destroying sulfide and peptide bonds between the components or increasing the production of the liquid part of the secretion.

When the sputum becomes liquid, it needs to be coughed up. If there is no cough (or it is weak), it needs to be stimulated.

For this purpose, agents are used that irritate the areas of the medulla oblongata that are responsible for the cough and gag reflex.

You can also enhance the removal of sputum with drugs that have a bronchodilator effect. It relieves bronchospasm and helps the smooth muscles of the organ push mucus out.

Table: mucolytic drugs that thin sputum

Photo gallery: mucus-thinning mucolytic agents

Ambroxol, which stimulates the production of the liquid part of sputum, can be used even for infants. Using Bromhexine during breastfeeding, lactation must be stopped, since the active component penetrates into the milk. ACC is an effective drug that thins sputum after the first use of Lazolvan, an analogue of Ambroxol.

Table: mucolytic drugs that improve sputum discharge

Photo gallery: mucolytics that promote phlegm removal

Mucaltin is a cheap expectorant of plant origin. Linkas, which includes extracts of 6 plants, is suitable for children from 6 months. Doctor Mom syrup includes extracts of 10 plants and is suitable for treating adults and children from 3 years old. Gerbion is a syrup of plant origin that treats wet cough. in adults and children over 2 years old

Combined mucolytic agents

Wet coughs are quickly treated with medications that simultaneously thin and remove mucus. In addition, they have anti-inflammatory and antispasmodic properties. Such drugs include drugs with a combined composition.

Table: combination drugs for the treatment of wet cough

Photo gallery: combined remedies against wet cough

Joset can be taken by young children, but it is contraindicated for women during pregnancy and lactation Codelac Broncho syrup with thyme should not be taken by pregnant and lactating women, as well as children under 2 years old Prospan syrup and drops are suitable for adults and children over 1 year old Ascoril has many contraindications, therefore, be sure to consult your doctor before using Gedelix - this is an analogue of Prospan Zedex syrup is contraindicated in children under 6 years of age, as well as women during pregnancy and lactation Bronchosan drops are suitable for adults and children over 3 years of age

Video: cough medicines

Among such a variety of drugs for the treatment of dry and wet cough, it is easy to get lost. To avoid harming yourself, do not try to choose the remedy yourself. Visit your doctor to determine the type of cough, and you will be given the best medicine for your particular case.

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Source: https://lechenie-simptomy.ru/sredstvo-ot-kashlya-effektivnoe

Antitussives for children and adults. In dry and wet

• Being a reflex and protective reaction, the cough reflex accompanies almost all acute infections of the respiratory tract, tuberculosis, cardiac pathology, neoplastic processes and chronic damage to the bronchopulmonary system, and some diseases of the digestive tract.
• Antitussives and expectorants have a wider range of uses:
• 1

A wide list of pharmacological drugs allows you to choose the most affordable, effective and suitable for each patient.

Acute respiratory tract infections of viral and bacterial etiology (pneumonia, influenza, bronchitis, parainfluenza, laryngitis, etc.).

In most cases, mucolytic and expectorant agents are used, which help reduce viscosity and remove mucus from the lungs and bronchial tree.

However, for a disease such as whooping cough, antitussive drugs with a central mechanism of action are prescribed, since irritation of the cough center by bacterial toxins plays a leading role in the pathogenesis of the disease.

2

Chronic bronchopulmonary pathology, accompanied by coughing attacks and the formation of thick purulent sputum in the bronchi and alveoli (bronchial asthma, cystic fibrosis, bronchiectasis, chronic bronchitis, alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency and much more).

Medicines that dilate the bronchi and reduce the amount of sputum are part of the ongoing pathogenetic therapy for the above pathologies.

3

In case of broncho-obstructive syndrome as a result of accumulation of mucus in the lumen of the bronchi, aspiration of a foreign body or fluid; compression of the bronchi by endo- or exogenous neoplasms. In this case, antitussive medications act as relieving symptomatic therapy.

4

Edema of the pulmonary parenchyma due to cardiac or pulmonary failure. The accumulation of transudate in the alveoli not only makes breathing difficult, but also provokes the appearance of a cough reflex, the elimination of which will alleviate the patient’s condition.

1. 5
2. Other reasons: to prepare the patient for a bronchoscopic examination or contrast bronchography, in the first 24-48 hours after inhalation anesthesia, to relieve cough in case of diaphragmatic hernia, gastroesophageal reflux disease.
3. Thus, there are quite a large number of reasons for prescribing certain antitussive drugs.

Antitussive drugs: classification by mechanism of action

Having a completely different composition of active components from each other, cough remedies are also divided into three main classes depending on the mechanism of action.

List of the best medicines:

1. Substances that depress the cough center (Codeine, Omnitus, Sinekod, Stoptussin, Sedotussin, Kodipront, Tussal, Libexin, Dionin, Ledin, etc.).
2. Combined medications (Codelac, Redol, Glycodin, Codterapin, Broncholitin).
3. Secretolytics and expectorants (Erespal, ACC, Lazolvan, Mucaltin, Bronchorus, Ambroxol, Bromhexine).

Most of them are successfully used in pediatrics, as proven by experimental and clinical medical experience.
Source: nasmorkam.net

Drugs that suppress the cough center

• First of all, medicinal substances that have a direct effect on the cough center are divided into opioid and non-opioid, which depends on their point of application.
• In the first case, the chemical components of the drug competitively bind to opioid receptors in the medulla oblongata and other nerve centers, suppressing their function.
• The most popular narcotic antitussive medications from this group are Codeine, Dionine and Folkodin.
• They not only weaken the severity of the cough reflex, but also have a sedative and analgesic effect, which is especially effective for dry, painful coughs.

Among the side effects of the above medications, it is worth highlighting dryness of the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract.

This will slow down recovery or aggravate the course of the disease in case of thick sputum and productive cough.

In addition, addiction to Codeine and its analogues often develops, which limits the use of the drug.

The drugs of choice from this group are Tussal and Dastozin, since they do not have a narcotic effect, do not contribute to the development of addiction and have a small number of adverse reactions, both from the whole body and from the respiratory tract.

Non-opioid drugs affect non-opioidergic tracts, due to which they do not cause tachyphylaxis or drug dependence.

This allows them to be used much more often and even in children. The mechanism of action is to inhibit the peripheral part of the cough reflex and tension receptors in the bronchial mucosa.

The most well-known drugs from this group are Sinekod, Tusuprex, Sedotussin.

Peripheral antitussive medications

These medications reduce the activity of the cough reflex by inhibiting sensitive receptors of nerve fibers from the vagus nerve, which are located in the organs of the respiratory system. In addition, they have a local anesthetic effect and inhibit the conduction of impulses along long nerve processes. All this helps to reduce the severity and frequency of cough impulses.

Libexin is a peripheral antitussive agent with anesthetic properties and a slight bronchodilator effect.

1. The drug does not depress the respiratory center at all and does not contribute to the formation of drug dependence.
2. When used as a symptomatic treatment of chronic bronchitis, local anti-inflammatory effects were also noted.
3. Bithionil and Levopront mainly act on peripheral receptors in the mucous membrane of the bronchial tree, reducing their activity and sensitivity.

Combined action antitussives

In this case, the medications not only affect the cough center, but also have a number of other effects that improve the functioning of the bronchopulmonary system:

1. Codipront - contains methylformint (a substance that acts on opioid receptors in the medulla oblongata) and phenyltoloxamine, an antihistamine that inhibits the production of inflammatory mediators. The remedy is especially effective for dry allergic cough.
2. Codelac - due to its composition (licorice root, thermopsis, sodium bicarbonate and methylmorphine) has an antitussive and mucolytic effect.
3. Redol contains salbutamol and dextromethorphan, which achieves an additional bronchodilator effect.
4. Bronholitin contains ephedrine, basil camphor oil, and glaucine. This gives the drug an additional antimicrobial and bronchodilator effect.
5. Stoptussin (of the active ingredients contains butamirate and guaifenesin) also has a good expectorant and mucolytic effect.

It is worth noting that cough medications with a central or peripheral mechanism of blocking the center or receptors should not be prescribed in the presence of thick and difficult to separate sputum.

Mucolytics and mucokinetics

Antitussive tablets and syrups used for wet coughs are also divided into subgroups:

1. Mucolytics - tablets and syrups that dilute sputum (Ambroxol, or Lazolvan, Bromhexine, Acetylcysteine, proteolytic enzymes).
2. Expectorants – stimulate the functioning of bronchial smooth muscles (Mukaltin, Althea root, Terpinhydrate, thermopsis herb).
3. Combined - have a number of additional effects (Ascoril, Solutan, Erespal).

Ambroxol, which is part of Lazolvan, stimulates the secretion of mucus in the respiratory tract.

In addition, the substance enhances the biosynthesis of alveolar surfactant and activates the work of cilia of the bronchial epithelium. All this dilutes the mucus and increases its discharge.

The drug is available in tablets, ampoules for intravenous administration and inhalation, and syrup for children. Among the side effects, it is worth noting the possibility of developing bronchospasm, so the drug is not used for bronchial asthma.

Most often, the medicine is used for bronchitis, especially chronic, severe bronchopulmonary pathology (cystic fibrosis, bronchiectasis, pneumonia).

Mucaltin is a fairly cheap and effective medicine that is often used in pediatrics. Due to the marshmallow content, the medication stimulates the functioning of the bronchial glands, ciliated epithelium and smooth muscles of the respiratory tract.

Often used for pneumonia, bronchial obstruction, bronchiectasis. Ascoril is a combination medication containing salbutamol, bromhexine and guaifenesin. It has a pronounced mucolytic effect and also expands narrowed bronchi.

Indicated for use in cases of pneumonia, acute bronchitis, whooping cough, tracheitis and bronchial asthma. The instructions indicate that the product is only suitable for children over 6 years of age.

Antitussives for dry cough

The most powerful antitussive for dry cough is, of course, Codeine. However, the high frequency of adverse reactions allows only rare use of the drug in a short course. In addition, any medications containing codeine are prohibited in childhood.

If a medicine with an anesthetic effect for cardiac cough is needed, doctors opt for Dastosin or Folkodin.

Both drugs act on opioid receptors, thereby inhibiting the cough center and achieving analgesia. As a rule, Dastosin is dosed per capsule no more than four times per day.

Effective medications for dry cough for adults are Codelac (in the form of syrup and tablets), Codipront, Omnitus capsules (take 1 piece three times a day until the cough disappears).

For dry cough in children, the following are most often prescribed:

• Codelac Neo drops (allowed from 2 months) – 10-25 drops four times a day.
• Sinekod - has a similar dosage and frequency of use with Codelac.
• Omnitus in syrup (allowed from 3 years of age) – 2-3 scoops three times a day.
• Stoptussin - used from 6 months, 8-30 drops (depending on body weight) three times a day.

All of the medications listed can be given to a child only after consultation with a pediatrician.

Antitussives for children

Before giving your child any medicine, you must consult with your doctor, otherwise you can seriously harm the baby’s health. Not all medications are approved for children.

The most effective and safe antitussives for children: Mucaltin (from infancy), Lazolvan (from the neonatal period), Bromhexine (in tablets only from 6 years), Omnitus (from 3 years), Bronholitin (from three years).

Remember! You should not prescribe strong antitussives or, conversely, mucolytic medications to children on your own, since there is a high risk of stagnation of secretions in the lungs and reflex bronchospasm.
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Drugs for pregnant women: what is possible?

If during pregnancy there is a need to prescribe medications, then the doctor faces a serious task, since he must weigh all the possible risks for the unborn child and the potential benefits for the woman.

The safest products for a pregnant woman are plant-based Mucaltin, Sinekod, Bronchicum, breast preparations, Ascoril, Thermopsis, Ambroxol and Broncholitin.

Antitussive syrups

Not all medications intended for cough relief are available in liquid form.

The best and most famous of them:

• Bronholitin.
• Ambroxol.
• Erespal.
• Sinekod.
• Stoptussin.
• Omnitus.
• Alteyka.
• Bronchorus.

The liquid form allows the drug to be used in childhood, reduces pain in the throat and behind the sternum during a hacking cough. However, it is not recommended to abuse syrups if there is a tendency to spontaneous laryngo- or bronchospasm.

Antitussives for wet coughs

For diseases with a wet cough and sputum in the lungs, mucolytic or expectorant medications are used. In some cases, a combination of these is possible.

Mucaltin is approved from childhood and is available in tablet form, which can be dissolved in water or taken directly orally with liquid.

Prescribe 1-4 tablets three to four times a day for up to two weeks. If necessary, the duration of treatment can be increased.

Erespal is dosed as follows: from 3 to 6 scoops per day, preferably before meals. Bromhexine stimulates mucus production when two tablets are used at least twice a day.

Folk antitussives

Among folk recipes for cough elimination, special chest preparations are often used, which are numbered from 1 to 4.

They include calendula, sage, licorice, marshmallow, eucalyptus, hawthorn and many other herbs. You can buy the medicine at any pharmacy, and at a low price.

• Effective herbal cough remedies - coltsfoot, wild rosemary herb, plantain leaf, herbion, thyme.
• All herbs can be easily found at the pharmacy; the main thing is to brew and take according to the included instructions.

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Source: https://nasmorkam.net/protivokashlevye-preparaty-dlya-detej-i-vzroslyx/

A child has a cough: what medications will help? How to treat a child's cough?

Content:

• Cough with a cold
• Cough remedies
• Whooping cough

On the one hand, cough is the most common sign of illness among children, on the other hand, it is not the disease itself, but a protective reaction of the body, a means of fighting the disease. An experienced pediatrician explains what types of coughs there are and how to help your child.

Cough can be caused by any irritation of the respiratory tract. Just as in the nose, the mucous membranes of the pharynx, trachea, and bronchi produce protective mucus, and the cilia of the bronchi help remove mucus out.

When mucus accumulates, irritation of the bronchi occurs - a reflex jerky contraction of the muscles of the torso and diaphragm occurs - the child clears his throat.

Every healthy child must cough 3-4 times a day.

Irritation of respiratory tract receptors can be caused by various reasons. A cough occurs if a child chokes and pieces of food or some small toy get into his windpipe.

A cough can occur when mucus leaks from the nose and throat. A cough may be caused by a respiratory allergy. Cough with whooping cough occupies a special place. And cough is a characteristic manifestation of a cold.

Cough with a cold

In the case of a cold, the cough is caused by inflammation of the airways. In this case, the inflammatory process can be localized at different levels.

The cause of cough may be inflammation of the upper respiratory tract - pharyngitis (in the pharynx), laryngitis (in the larynx), tracheitis (in the trachea). In more severe cases, the infection descends to the lower parts: bronchitis and pneumonia develop.

It is impossible to judge the level of damage to the respiratory tract only on the basis of assessing the nature of the cough.

Coughing from a cold is not a symptom that requires immediate action. The diagnosis of the disease must be made by a doctor.

Depending on the pathogen that caused the disease, in some cases the cough is dry and persistent, in others it is wet with sputum discharge. Accordingly, treatment should vary. Before you begin to treat a cough, you need to understand its cause.

With a dry, obsessive cough, it will be easier for the child if he is prescribed medications that soften the mucous membranes. Warm, dry air dries out the mucus that accumulates in the baby's airways.

You may notice that your child coughs much more easily when he is in a room with humidified air. It is advisable to turn on a humidifier in the house or hang wet terry towels on heating radiators, periodically wetting them as they dry.

If possible, during this period you should try to protect the child from sudden changes in air temperature.

With a wet cough, it is necessary to assist in every possible way to clear the cough from the respiratory tract. A wet cough occurs when phlegm accumulates in a child's respiratory tract.

Sputum is an accumulation of mucus and pus formed during inflammation.

Sputum contains microbes, and if the child does not cough it up in a timely manner, the flow of sputum into the deeper parts of the respiratory tract leads to the spread of infection.

“Cough remedies” for the most part help cough up phlegm and only in this way ultimately help stop the cough, that is, they are intended “for coughing.”

Cough remedies

These drugs include expectorant mixtures (licorice root extract, marshmallow root decoction, thermopsis infusion, pertussin, etc.), which strengthen the cough reflex.

But, like any medicine, expectorant mixtures, if used in excess, can cause an undesirable reaction, in particular vomiting.

Decoctions of a number of herbs have an expectorant effect: calamus, anise, primrose, violet, licorice, coltsfoot.

Another group of drugs used for difficult sputum discharge are thinning agents .

These include a 2% solution of potassium iodide, which is given 1-2 teaspoons 3-4 times a day after meals in a glass of milk (as stomach irritation is possible), as well as a number of medications (mucaltin, bromhexine, fluimucil, lazolvan and etc.).

Decoctions of some herbs have the ability to thin sputum: marshmallow, wild rosemary, valerian, sweet clover, flax, Icelandic moss, pine buds.

In order to reduce viscosity and improve the evacuation of sputum for laryngitis, tracheitis and bronchitis, inhalations . The simplest option for inhalation is that the mother and child lock themselves in the bathroom and, turning on a hot shower, inhale hot, moist air.

Vibrating chest massage also helps clear the throat . The child is placed on his stomach on a hard surface and with the edge of the palm light short tappings are performed along the entire back surface of the chest. After this, the child is asked to cough. It is advisable to carry out this procedure if the child coughs sluggishly, despite the presence of hoarse breathing.

cough suppressants in children To prescribe such drugs, you need to be sure that there is no sputum in the trachea and bronchi.

Unjustified prescription of such drugs will lead to a deterioration in the patient’s condition and the development of complications. Therefore, only on the recommendation of a doctor.

In the case of colds, these drugs are sometimes used for influenza, which occurs with a dry, obsessive paroxysmal cough. Another reason for prescribing antitussives is whooping cough.

Whooping cough

An experienced doctor, having heard a child cough, is often able to guess at a distance the nature of the disease: a “barking” cough is false croup, a two-tone cough is a bronchial foreign body, a cough with crepitus is pneumonia, and a cough with recurring cough is whooping cough.

Cough is the main and rather specific manifestation of whooping cough, a common infection. A child can become infected with whooping cough from a sick child or from an adult who has been coughing for a long time (in adults, whooping cough often occurs without obvious symptoms, for example, like a smoker’s bronchitis).

The prevalence of whooping cough depends largely on how many children in your area are unvaccinated. In addition, in some cases, vaccinated children can also get whooping cough. Their whooping cough is mild, like a common acute respiratory infection, but they can serve as a source of spread of infection.

That is, there is someone who can become infected with whooping cough.

The disease is spread by airborne droplets. When a patient coughs, the pathogen scatters 2–3 meters around. And the susceptibility of unvaccinated children to whooping cough is very high (about 100%). A shared ride on public transport is enough to become infected.

Very viscous “glassy” mucus is secreted in the bronchi, and extreme irritation of the receptors is transmitted to the cough center located in the brain.

The irritation is so strong that a persistent focus of excitation is formed in the cough center, which will cause coughing for a long time (up to 6 months) after the pertussis bacterium itself dies.

After 5–9 (maximum 14) days from contact, the child develops a dry cough, a slight runny nose, and the body temperature may rise. Nothing special, and the doctor usually diagnoses an acute respiratory infection. But after 2 weeks the disease does not end, and although the body temperature returns to normal, the cough becomes paroxysmal, spastic and very specific.

A typical attack begins with a deep breath followed by a series of coughing impulses without a break, after which a long whistling inhalation (reprise) occurs and a new series of coughing impulses. There can be from 2 to 15 such series in one attack.

During an attack, the child’s face turns red, sometimes turns blue, the tongue protrudes, the frenulum of the tongue often tears, and hemorrhages occur in the sclera of the eyes. The attack ends with the discharge of thick mucus or vomiting. The child feels exhausted, tired, and often falls asleep.

Attacks occur several (from 5 to 50) times a day and last up to 2–3, sometimes up to 6 months. Between attacks the child feels quite well.

Whooping cough is especially severe in children of the first year of life, in whom attacks can lead to respiratory arrest for up to several minutes with the development of brain disorders. In addition, infants often develop pneumonia due to whooping cough.

Cold, moist air significantly reduces the frequency and severity of attacks. Therefore, with whooping cough:

• The child should spend maximum time outdoors (in winter up to an air temperature of -10 °C);
• Place the child at home in a darkened, quiet room, disturb him as little as possible, since exposure to external stimuli can cause an attack;
• The premises must be ventilated frequently, and if possible, turn on the air conditioner or humidifier;
• in the initial (catarrhal) period, antibiotics (sumamed, macropen, clarithromycin) and a special anti-pertussis immunoglobulin are used;
• during coughing attacks, antitussives (Sinekod) and sedatives (Seduxen, Relanium, Sibazon) are given.

Thus, prescribing symptomatic treatment for cough is a difficult task, requiring a differentiated approach. An expectorant that helped your child with one illness may be harmful if used routinely for subsequent illnesses.

Source: https://www.7ya.ru/article/U-rebenka-kashel-kakie-lekarstva-pomogut/

Antitussive drugs - types and list of the best drugs for wet and dry cough

Antitussives are those medications that are not used for all types of cough and should not be used independently, without the recommendation of a doctor. What are the indications for the use of these drugs and how they work, we will consider further.

Antitussive drugs - classification

Cough is a protective reaction of the body aimed at restoring normal airway patency by removing pathologically altered tracheobronchial secretions or infiltrated foreign substances from them. It should be understood that cough is not a separate pathology, but a symptom, and in most cases the causes of cough are infectious, inflammatory and allergic diseases of the upper or lower respiratory tract.

It is known that the effectiveness of cough for respiratory tract infections depends on the rheological properties of sputum.

Medications that affect the nature, frequency and intensity of cough can be divided into two main categories:

• antitussives - eliminate cough by suppressing the cough reflex;
• mucoactive drugs - increase the effectiveness of cough by increasing the production or dilution of sputum.

Antitussive drugs - mechanism of action

Antitussive tablets are used for symptomatic relief of the patient’s condition, but they cannot influence either the duration or severity of the disease.

The choice of an antitussive drug must be made individually, taking into account the mechanism of action, the activity of the drug, the risk of side effects, the presence of concomitant pathologies and possible contraindications.

Antitussives, the mechanism of action of which is different, are classified into the following types:

• centrally acting drugs - suppressing the desire to cough in the central part (in the brain);
• peripheral acting agents - eliminating the reflex by acting on areas of the nervous system outside the brain.

Centrally acting antitussives

Source: https://womanadvice.ru/protivokashlevye-preparaty-vidy-i-spisok-luchshih-lekarstv-pri-vlazhnom-i-suhom-kashle

List of the most effective medicines and cough preparations

Cough medicine is selected primarily depending on the type of cough. Therefore, the choice of a remedy that helps with cough depends on the goals that need to be achieved during therapy.

Antitussive drugs represent an extensive list that have different effects on the body and have a high effect in the treatment of cough in adults and young patients.

Do not think that one group of drugs is good cough medicine, and another is bad. When deciding what to take as therapy for a cough, the type of cough is first taken into account.

Before treating a cough, it is necessary to determine what type of problem is being dealt with.

The choice of drug is also influenced by the reasons causing the cough symptom.

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Since almost all of us live in cities with very unfavorable health conditions, and in addition to this we lead an unhealthy lifestyle, this topic is very relevant at the moment.

We perform many actions or, on the contrary, we remain inactive, without thinking at all about the consequences for our body. Our life is in breathing, without it we cannot live even a few minutes.

This test will help you determine whether your lifestyle can provoke lung diseases, and will also help you think about your respiratory system health and correct your mistakes.

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You must complete the following tests to start this one:

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• You are a fairly active person who cares and thinks about your respiratory system and health in general, continue to play sports, lead a healthy lifestyle and your body will delight you throughout your life. But do not forget to undergo examinations on time, maintain your immunity, this is very important, do not overcool, avoid severe physical and strong emotional overload. Try to minimize contact with sick people; if forced contact, do not forget about protective equipment (mask, washing your hands and face, clearing your respiratory tract).
• You are at risk, you should think about your lifestyle and start taking care of yourself. Physical education is required, or even better, start playing sports, choose the sport that you like most and turn it into a hobby (dancing, cycling, gym, or just try to walk more). Do not forget to treat colds and flu promptly, they can lead to complications in the lungs. Be sure to work on your immunity, strengthen yourself, and be in nature and fresh air as often as possible. Do not forget to undergo scheduled annual examinations; it is much easier to treat lung diseases in the initial stages than in advanced stages. Avoid emotional and physical overload; if possible, eliminate or minimize smoking or contact with smokers.
• You are completely irresponsible about your health, thereby destroying the functioning of your lungs and bronchi, have pity on them! If you want to live a long time, you need to radically change your entire attitude towards your body. First of all, get examined by specialists such as a therapist and a pulmonologist; you need to take radical measures, otherwise everything may end badly for you. Follow all the doctors’ recommendations, radically change your life, perhaps you should change your job or even your place of residence, completely eliminate smoking and alcohol from your life, and reduce contact with people who have such bad habits to a minimum, toughen up, strengthen your immunity as much as possible spend more time in the fresh air. Avoid emotional and physical overload. Completely eliminate all aggressive products from everyday use and replace them with natural, natural remedies. Do not forget to do wet cleaning and ventilation of the room at home.

Medicines that treat conditions ranging from coughing to severe attacks are divided into the following groups:

With combined pathology, it is not always clear how to treat a severe cough accompanied by other inflammatory phenomena, so as not to cause harm to the body.

This is where combination medications come to the rescue. Effective treatment can only be obtained if the combination cough remedy is chosen correctly.

Combination cough medications may include active principles that affect various symptoms of the disease. Also, in order to quickly cure a cough, they use products that contain various groups of expectorant substances, for example, mucolytic substances and expectorants.

The decision which combination drugs are best to choose for the treatment of severe cough in an adult or child should be made only by a doctor after a preliminary examination and examination!

Despite the fact that combination drugs are the most effective cough remedies, their use in therapy is quite difficult.

It is not always possible to select a medicine so that all components are ideally suited to the symptoms of a particular patient.

If the composition of the medicine is chosen incorrectly, then even the most effective substances will not only not help, but may also aggravate the course of the disease.

When trying to choose the most effective cough medicines, there are several important rules to remember and follow:

Do not self-medicate your cough! All medications should be prescribed only by a doctor, taking into account the etiology of the disease, cough productivity, the presence of other symptoms and concomitant diseases.

Medicinal substances used to treat cough can be produced in various forms, in which the drug acts on the body most effectively.

Medicines in tablets are simple and easy to use.

When diluted with water, even small children can easily take the drops. Pleasant to the taste and with a mild odor, the drops will be easy to give to even the most capricious children. Medicines available in the form of drops are easy to dose.

Sometimes parents are lost and don’t know what to do or how to help their child with a severe cough. Meanwhile, the use of various warming ointments for coughs has proven itself very well for many decades.

To get the best treatment results, you should follow some simple rules:

Side effects when taking this medicine should be minor, and there should be no individual idiosyncrasy to the components of the medicine.

Source: https://pulmonologi.ru/kashel/lekarstvo.html