Preparing for a colonoscopy and progress of the procedure

The colonoscopic diagnostic method, unlike sigmoidoscopy, allows you to examine the entire large intestine, including the cecum with the appendix. The doctor and patient are interested in conducting quality research. To get a clear picture, preparation for a colonoscopy is necessary. It provides reliable information and helps to judge the condition of the inner surface of the intestines.

Therefore, the task of timely cleansing of feces and removing gases is important. During the procedure, the patient must be calm; tension in the abdomen during anxiety makes it difficult to advance the tube of the device. For this purpose, the recommended regimen includes prohibitions on physical activity and coffee on the eve of the study. Following a three-day slag-free diet prevents retention of coarse contents in the intestines.

Who should have a colonoscopy?

Constant improvement of equipment has made it possible to make changes to the structure of the rubber tube of the colonoscopy apparatus.

A thinner fiber probe with a video camera at the end better adapts to the curves of a sick person's intestines. As a result, discomfort and pain are eliminated. The procedure is called fibrocolonoscopy.

A modern option is to connect a monitor to a video camera, which helps record the progress of the examination and demonstrate it on the screen (video colonoscopy).

Carrying out a diagnostic examination with these methods requires the same preparation as for a conventional colonoscopy.

A referral for research on an outpatient basis (at home) is given by a proctologist at a territorial clinic or private medical institution.

The procedure is considered planned, since it requires an appointment for a specific day and preparation period. Fibercolonoscopy is performed on inpatients in the hospital for emergency reasons.

In such cases, preparations are kept to a minimum and are determined by the choice of anesthesia.

Colonoscopy is necessary for diagnosis and as a therapeutic procedure, since the design of the device allows you to remove adhesions, polyps, and cauterize a bleeding vessel. Most often prescribed for the following:

• suspicion of a foreign body in the large intestine (typical for children);
• unclear partial obstruction;
• isolated neoplasms - to remove polyps;
• intestinal bleeding - to identify the source and cause, possible stop;
• Crohn's disease;
• significant weight loss;
• ulcerative colitis;
• vague constipation;
• Diagnosis of the causes of persistent abdominal pain.

It is recommended that people who have a family history of colon cancer undergo preventive screening. When preparing women for surgery for resection (removal) of a tumor of the uterus and ovaries, fibrocolonoscopy and fibrogastroscopy are necessary to establish the stage of the process and identify metastases.

Before the procedure, tests are prescribed, the doctor checks the ECG result, talking with the patient, and decides on the advisability of using anesthesia.

Others need to choose the option of general anesthesia in the form of sedation (light sleep and calm) or complete loss of consciousness.

The duration of fibrocolonoscopy depends on the intended scope of research and surgical intervention. Usually 20–30 minutes is enough. If the procedure was carried out in the proctology room of the clinic, then it is better for the patient to rest in the corridor, then you can go home. After general anesthesia in the hospital, a longer observation period will be required.

How to prepare for an intestinal colonoscopy?

The effectiveness of treatment depends on the accuracy of the diagnosis of the pathology. Colonoscopy provides as much information as possible about the structure of the large intestine. Correct use of the method requires paying attention to preparing the patient for the procedure.

In addition to following a diet before a colonoscopy, people need psychological and moral support. Therefore, confidential conversations, clarification of diagnostic purposes, and, if necessary, prescription of sedatives in tablets or tinctures will be required.

The patient is asked to at least temporarily stop smoking, drinking coffee and alcohol.

Methods used to cleanse the intestines:

• rapid release of contents with special medications;
• enemas are a mechanical method of cleansing;
• dietary changes, food restrictions, slag-free diet.

More often, these methods are combined to achieve a more complete cleansing. It should be remembered that failure to comply with the doctor’s instructions leads to a disruption in the effectiveness of the colonoscopy examination. Insufficient visibility is accompanied by missing serious pathology and the need to repeat the procedure.

List of permitted and prohibited products

Nutritionists' recommendations for cleansing the intestines from blockages are aimed at freeing the entire body from accumulated toxins and toxic substances during prolonged constipation. A slag-free diet helps, after holiday overeating, to eliminate the consequences for the body and restore proper protein and fat metabolism.

Before a colonoscopy, it is recommended to eat the following foods:

• from lean meat, preferably poultry, boiled, in steam cutlets;
• vegetable soups with the addition of carrots and potatoes, rich fish broth;
• soft-boiled chicken eggs or in the form of a steam omelet;
• cereal products (rice porridge, buckwheat with water);
• low-fat cottage cheese and kefir, sugar-free yogurt;
• dried wheat bread;
• dry biscuits (biscuits, crackers);
• vegetable oil;
• mild cheese.

If you have a strong desire for sweets, you can eat a teaspoon of honey. The total volume of drinks (at least 1.5 liters) includes drinks without sugar: green tea, dried fruit compote, jelly, still mineral water.

The list of prohibited products includes:

• whole milk;
• all fresh vegetables, fruits;
• legumes;
• nuts;
• from cereals pearl barley and millet;
• black bread;
• sweets and confectionery;
• carbonated drinks.

Half of the patients suffer from severe dietary restrictions and complain of headaches and nausea. According to nutritionists, these are signs of the beginning of cleansing. To make it easier to transfer the regime, it is proposed to lengthen the preparation time from three days to a week.

Slag-free diet - menu for 3 days

A slag-free diet before a colonoscopy involves excluding for 3 days any food or dishes containing difficult-to-digest fiber. Foods that are quickly absorbed by the body are acceptable.

Menu requirements:

• eat small portions 3-4 times a day, avoid overeating;
• organize a light dinner in the evening no later than 2.5–3 hours before bedtime;
• during breaks you can drink water, green tea without sugar;
• All spicy and fried foods are prohibited; they should only be cooked by boiling or steaming.

  What are hemorrhoids?

If you feel a strong feeling of hunger, snacks with cheese, mashed baked apples, and low-fat yogurt are allowed. We recommend creating an approximate dietary menu for the first 2 days yourself, choosing from the proposed options.

Breakfast

Steam omelet, soft-boiled egg, buckwheat porridge with water, low-fat cottage cheese, green tea, rosehip infusion, white loaf croutons.

Dinner

• The first course is vegetable soup, low-fat broth with noodles, soup with meatballs.
• The second is boiled chicken or fish (150 g) without a side dish, steamed cutlets made from lean minced meat.
• Dessert - rosehip decoction, dried fruit compote without sugar.

Afternoon snack

Fruit juice, half diluted with water, compote, rosehip decoction with white crackers.

Dinner

For the first day, grated boiled beets, seasoned with vegetable oil, are suitable, for the second - only low-fat kefir.

On the third day (the day before the examination) you will have to fast. You are allowed to have kefir for breakfast and drink a glass of low-fat meat broth for lunch. With the help of such a diet, it is possible to eliminate fermentation processes in the intestines that interfere with examination.

Meals immediately before the test

General rule of nutrition: the last meal is allowed 12 hours before the start of the colonoscopy procedure, stop drinking water 3 hours before. Since the endoscopist works in shifts, the procedure may take place in the morning or afternoon.

If short-term sedation or anesthesia is planned, then general requirements that exclude eating at night are suitable.

If the procedure is scheduled for the morning

The procedure prescribed for the morning requires a complete refusal of food, starting from lunch of the previous day. Drinking green tea instead of dinner, skipping breakfast.

If the examination is carried out after lunch

The time is inconvenient for the patient due to temptations and desire to eat. In the evening, kefir is allowed instead of dinner. Breakfast is canceled and replaced by drinking unsweetened tea.

Expanding your diet after your colonoscopy will require patience. It is necessary to temporarily avoid spicy and fried foods and fatty meats. Gradually add salads, soups, and fresh fruits to your diet. For better absorption, mineral waters (Essentuki, Borjomi) are recommended.

Colon cleansing with drugs

You can prepare for a colonoscopy by artificially inducing a bowel movement with special preparations. Their mechanism of action is called “lavage”. It consists of stopping the absorption of liquid in the large intestine, washing out the contents with its help along with the feces. Each drug has its own characteristics. Before use, please read the instructions.

Fortrans is a synthetic polymer that can retain water molecules without disturbing the overall water-salt balance of a person. Available in packages. Each dissolves in a liter of water. The solution preparation scheme should correspond to the patient’s body weight.

You need to drink 1 liter per hour.

If the procedure is planned in the first half of the day, it is recommended to take the drug from 15:00 the day before. Liquid stool appears 1.5 hours after drinking the first portion. By 10 p.m., intestinal cleansing usually ends and the urge stops.

When registering for the procedure in the afternoon, the use of the solution is divided into 2 stages: start at 22:00 the previous day, continue from 7:00 on the day of the study.

Contraindications for use are due to:

• significant water load (elderly and children, heart failure);
• individual sensitivity;
• suspected intestinal obstruction.

Lavacol - the mechanism of action is no different from Fortrans, but a smaller volume of liquid is required for dissolution (1 packet per glass). The entire solution must be drunk within 4 hours. Cleansing begins in the morning the day before the procedure. Contraindications, in addition to heart failure, relate to kidney disease, erosive gastritis, and intestinal ulcers.

Fleet Phospho-soda is a ready-made laxative, the bottle is diluted with 120 ml of water, you will need another glass to wash it down. Take the day before the study in 2 stages (morning and evening). It is allowed to eat food in liquid form. The expected effect occurs within 30 minutes.

Other preparations recommended for cleansing:

• Duphalac.
• D-Forject.
• Picoprep.
• Endofalk.
• Movieprep.

The doctor will recommend the best option based on the patient’s characteristics. If you have special means, there is no need to resort to castor oil. Traditional medicine advice on using castor oil at night is suitable as a laxative for constipation. In this case, more thorough cleaning is required.

Enema

Enemas are used when there is no time for long-term preparation or there are contraindications to medications. Regardless of the place where the patient is (in the clinic or at home), the following algorithm of actions must be followed:

• Pour boiling water over the enema mug in advance and boil the tips;
• treat the perineum with soap;
• fill the container with boiled water at room temperature (1.5–2 l);
• Apply a small amount of Vaseline to the tip and entrance of the anus;
• place Esmarch's mug at a height of at least 1.5 m;
• carefully insert the tip into the anus;
• open the valve and relax your abdominal muscles, allowing water to enter;
• at the end, turn off the valve, lie on your back or walk for 5 minutes, massaging your stomach;
• completely relax the sphincter and try to empty your bowels on the toilet.

Important! The procedure should be painless. Do not introduce water under pressure.

There is no guarantee that after the first enema the cleansing will be complete. It is recommended to repeat the procedure and be guided by the color of the water released from the rectum. When cleaned well, the liquid appears slightly yellowish.

Usually the first enema is given in the evening, the second in the morning.

Additional recommendations

When performing a thorough bowel preparation, patients should remember to bring with them:

• documents (passport, insurance policy);
• slippers;
• a sheet (not all offices have disposable linen);
• wet wipes and toilet paper.

Some people prefer to use special underpants purchased at a pharmacy that are sized to fit, with a slit in the anus area.

It is not necessary to shave the hair in the perineal area before the procedure.

Cleansing measures before a colonoscopy should be discussed with your doctor in advance. If preparation is insufficient, it is better to reschedule the study for another date. The inconvenience of taking medications will be forgotten, but you will remain confident in the reliability of the result.

Source: https://MojGemorroj.ru/podgotovka-k-kolonoskopii.html

Intestinal colonoscopy preparation for the procedure

Examination of the large intestine using the endoscopic method allows you to obtain the most complete information about the condition of the walls and mucous membrane of its various parts.

For diagnostic purposes, the procedure is prescribed to determine the cause of persistent intestinal dysfunction and to detect pathological neoplasms in it.

If necessary, a biopsy of suspicious areas, removal of polyps, and also removal of a foreign body that has entered the intestine is performed.

What is intestinal colonoscopy, indications for it?

Colonoscopy is an examination of the intestinal lumen using a device, which is a flexible fiber-optic tube that transmits an enlarged image of the intestinal wall to a monitor screen. Design features allow the probe to be inserted into the intestine, overcoming all its bends.

A colonoscopy is prescribed by a gastroenterologist, proctologist or oncologist. This type of diagnosis is used in the following cases:

• The patient experiences constant pain in the intestines and suffers from constipation or diarrhea; If these symptoms are present, sudden weight loss occurs;
• There are impurities of blood or mucus in the stool;
• Against the background of diarrhea, the patient has low levels of hemoglobin and red blood cells in the blood;
• Diagnostic examination using other methods (for example, X-ray or CT) revealed questionable changes in the structure of the intestine;
• Malignant neoplasms were diagnosed in other pelvic organs.

Types of colonoscopy examination

Depending on the characteristics of the technique used, several types of colonoscopy are distinguished:

• Fibercolonoscopy is an examination of the large intestine using a fiberscope. The device consists of a flexible tube, a miniature video camera, a lighting system, and a device for supplying air. There are also forceps for performing biopsies;
• Ileocolonoscopy - a longer flexible tube is used, since not only the colon, but also part of the small intestine is examined;
• Chromocolonoscopy is a procedure performed using a dye that is injected into the intestines. Since the dye is absorbed differently by healthy and diseased tissues, the pathological area can be easily detected. This allows for targeted selection of material for histological examination or removal of the tumor;
• Narrow-spectrum endoscopy. To illuminate the intestinal wall, only the blue and green parts of the light spectrum are used. When they are absorbed by hemoglobin, they turn it almost black. In this case, the blood vessels look dark against the background of other tissues. Tumors can be easily detected by the appearance of the vascular system;
• Ultrasound colonoscopy. There is a sensor at the end of the endoscope. Ultrasound waves penetrate the muscle of the intestinal wall, which makes it possible to obtain a very clear image of the tumor and determine the depth of its spread.

Preparing for a colonoscopy

Preparation begins 2 days before the procedure. It consists of prescribing a diet that limits the consumption of foods rich in fiber (fruits and vegetables, as well as black bread). The last meal is taken approximately 20 hours before the procedure.

It is usually carried out in the morning. The night before, the intestines are cleared of feces and washed. An enema can be used for this. But more often they resort to using the laxative “Fortrans”.

To prepare the solution, take 1 package, which contains 4 packs of this drug. Dissolve the contents of all these packs in 4 liters of bottled water without gas. The entire solution is drunk in several doses (from approximately 17.00 to 22.00 hours). In the morning before going to the hospital, you can drink some tea or water instead of breakfast.

Carrying out the procedure

The procedure is most often performed without the use of anesthesia, although it may be accompanied by unpleasant sensations of bloating and slight pain as the fiberscope tube moves deeper into the intestine.

In some cases, local anesthetics in the form of gels containing lidocaine are used to reduce the discomfort that occurs when a tube is inserted into the anus.

It is possible to administer an anesthetic intravenously, as well as perform the procedure under general anesthesia (for example, if it is necessary to remove polyps, as well as when performing a colonoscopy for children).

You can sign up for the procedure in the capital, as well as find out the cost, from the following page: colonoscopy under anesthesia in Moscow.

After inserting the device into the intestines, the doctor palpates the abdomen, checking the degree of advancement of the tube. The procedure lasts from 15 minutes to half an hour, after which the gas is removed from the intestines through the colonoscope channel. The tube is then carefully removed. During the examination, the doctor pays attention to the surface structure, color and shine of the mucous membrane, and the nature of the vascular pattern.

The conclusion is drawn up in the form of a protocol. It is given to the patient or attending physician in about a quarter of an hour.

Complications during colonoscopy are extremely rare. These include damage to the intestinal wall, bleeding, and inflammation.

The patient should urgently consult a doctor if, in the coming days after a colonoscopy, he experiences symptoms such as increased body temperature, the appearance of blood in the feces, bloating and tenderness of the abdomen, nausea, dizziness, and weakness.

Features of the structure of the large intestine

The large intestine is the lowest section of the intestine where the bulk of the water entering the body, as well as vitamins, glucose and other useful substances, are absorbed. It is here that the intestinal bacterial environment is formed, suppressing the development of opportunistic microorganisms. The large intestine is divided into three sections:

1. The cecum directly borders the small intestine. It plays the role of a check valve, preventing the reflux of liquid contents (chyme) into the small intestine. The length of the entire cecum is 3-8 cm. It has a dead-end appendage (appendix), in which beneficial bacteria that make up the natural microflora of the large intestine multiply.
2. The colon is the main part of the large intestine (its length in an adult is 1.5 m). Here, harder feces are formed from chyme, and they move towards the rectum.
3. Rectum. Its length is approximately 17 cm. It gradually narrows and ends with the anus. Stool accumulates in this part of the intestine. The folded walls of the intestine straighten out.

Contraindications

Such examination is contraindicated in patients who have had a heart attack or stroke.

Colonoscopy is not performed if symptoms of colon perforation are detected (nausea, vomiting, severe abdominal pain, bloating, fever).

In this condition, immediate abdominal surgery is required, since the occurrence of peritonitis is a deadly complication.

Source: https://life-and-health.ru/kolonoskopiya-kishechnika-podgotovka-k-procedure

Indications and preparation for colonoscopy

• To perform this method, a special instrument is used - a colonoscope, which has the form of a long flexible probe, which has an eyepiece, illumination, a tube through which air is supplied to the intestine, as well as forceps necessary so that during the examination it is possible to collect histological material .
• Modern colonoscopes are equipped with a built-in camera, which helps photograph visible parts of the intestine, and also helps display the image on a large screen, this allows you to view the mucous membrane on a larger scale and study the pathological formations existing in it quite well.
• This procedure allows the doctor to perform the following manipulations:

1. Assess the diameter of the motor activity, the lumen of the intestine, the shine of the mucosa, color, study the vessels of the submucosal layer and consider the inflammatory changes observed in its walls.
2. Eliminate the source of bleeding in the intestines.

3. Detect even small-sized formations on the mucous membrane, such as ulcers, erosions, polyps, tumors, cracks, hemorrhoids, and examine foreign bodies in the intestinal lumen.
4. Remove foreign particles.

5. To perform a biopsy, you can pinch off a small piece of tissue from a suspicious area; this is necessary in order to distinguish benign development from malignant processes.

6. If benign tumors or small polyps are discovered, the pathological formation can be removed during the examination, which helps relieve the patient from the need for surgical intervention.
7. Take a picture of the inside surface of the large intestine.

In other words, the possibilities of colonoscopy are truly unique. Therefore, if it is necessary to perform an examination of the large intestine, this diagnostic method is preferred.

Experts recommend this diagnostic method for patients who experience the following symptoms:

• blood in stool;
• regular diarrhea;
• ulcerative colitis;
• Iron-deficiency anemia;
• constant pain in the abdomen;
• if an X-ray examination of the colon reveals pathologies;
• stools are dark in color;
• significant unexplained weight loss;
• colon polyps.

A colonoscopy is mandatory if the patient has familial colorectal cancer. This diagnosis is indispensable for the development of a tumor and for the detection of even a small neoplasm.

Sometimes, before performing this diagnostic method, the patient is prescribed to perform irrigoscopy - diagnosing the colon using X-rays. But if there are suspicions of neoplasms, then in most cases it is recommended to perform a colonoscopy, since it is characterized by a resolution that is much higher.

It is generally accepted that colitis (ulcerative and ischemic) is a contraindication for colonoscopy.

Benefits of colonoscopy of the large intestine

The part of the digestive section that originates from the pylorus of the stomach and ends at the anal canal is called the intestine. It is characterized by the fact that certain intestinal hormones are synthesized here, the process of processing and absorption of food occurs, and the removal of resulting toxins is observed. The intestines play a significant role in immune processes.

The length of the large intestine is on average 1.5 m, the diameter of which in the initial section is from 7 to 14 centimeters, and in the caudal section it ranges from 4-6 centimeters. The large intestine is divided into six parts: the cecum, the ascending and descending colon, the transverse and sigmoid colon, and the rectum.

If we compare this examination method with others, the results of colonoscopy are much more informative. It facilitates the study of the entire colon, and with sigmoidoscopy you can examine only its lower sections. Colonoscopy, unlike other x-ray methods, does not cause any harm to the patient, for example, when compared with diagnosis using irrigoscopy.

Its main advantage is that during a colonoscopy it is possible to perform some therapeutic manipulations, as well as take material that will later be sent for biopsy analysis, which cannot be done, for example, during an X-ray examination.

But still, this procedure is not resistant to other research methods in coloproctology. In some cases, they are presented as an alternative to colonoscopy or are used in combination with it, thereby complementing each other.

Preparing for a colonoscopy

You are allowed to eat low-fat fish, non-rich soups, boiled or steamed beef or poultry, wholemeal bread, cookies, and you can drink table or mineral water and tea from liquids. On the day of the diagnosis, you can only eat a cracker and drink tea.

On the eve of the study, in the afternoon it is recommended to consume 30-40 ml of castor oil, after dinner, and in the evening you should do an enema.

For purification, boiled water at room temperature is used, the volume of which should be about one and a half liters.

To do this, take medications such as Fortrans, Flit, Duphalac and others, which are diluted in a certain amount of water and consumed the day before the test, in some cases taken in the morning on the day of the procedure. When using such products, the intestines undergo a gentle cleansing without causing any inconvenience to the patient.

Anesthesia for colonoscopy

1. As a rule, anesthesia is not used when performing this procedure, but in some cases, if the patient experiences severe pain, they are given local anesthesia in the anus, using dicaine ointment or xylocaine gel.

2. But among other things, in many cases, anesthesia cannot be used for this study if the patient has an exacerbation of bronchopulmonary diseases, severe heart failure, acute neurological diseases, etc.

3. However, sometimes experts recommend performing a colonoscopy using anesthesia if there are such indications, for example, when adhesions are observed in the patient’s abdominal cavity, in children under 10 years of age, or when the patient has severe destructive processes in the small intestine.

Thus, local anesthesia is used extremely rarely during this examination, only if there is an urgent need for pain relief. Pain relief is performed only with the help of special drugs, the effect of which is that the person is in a state of shallow sleep.

Colonoscopy process

If this examination is performed by a doctor who has sufficient experience in this field, then the procedure lasts no more than half an hour. The patient is given a relaxant before starting the test.

Then the patient is placed on the couch, turning on his left side, while his knees should be pulled up to his chest. The colonscope is then inserted through the anus, slowly moving it forward.

To facilitate its penetration, the patient should lie on his back.

As the device passes through the bends of the intestine, the patient may experience mild cramps, discomfort, or a short-term increase in pain.

After the procedure

Immediately after the end of the colonoscopy, the patient is allowed to consume food and liquid, without any restrictions.

During the examination, air was pumped into the intestines, however, it was sucked out using a special device.

But if the patient still has a feeling of bloating, then you can take pre-crushed activated carbon (it is enough to drink ten tablets), which should be dissolved in 0.5 glasses of water, preferably warm.

In extremely rare cases, complications may include:

• adverse reaction to a sedative;
• after a biopsy or extraction of a polyp, bleeding may occur, which usually appears in a minimal amount and it stops fairly quickly;
• Intestinal perforation occurs very rarely; the quality of the study is completely safe if it was performed by a qualified specialist, taking into account all the rules.

Source: https://aleluya.ru/tekhnika-provedeniya-kolonoskopii/

Preparing for a colonoscopy

Medical Center » Diagnostics » Endoscopy » Preparation for colonoscopy

The quality of colonoscopy is significantly influenced by the degree of preparedness of the intestines for examination. The key to high accuracy and information content of a colonoscopy is the patient’s strict adherence to the rules of preparation for the study.  

Stages of preparation for colonoscopy:

1. It is MANDATORY to follow a special slag-free diet for 3 days before the colonoscopy.

Exclude from food: 

• fresh vegetables (potatoes, cabbage, radishes, radishes, beets, carrots, turnips, garlic, onions);
• fruits and berries (especially those containing small seeds and seeds, thick skin: apricots, plums, peaches, pears, dates, oranges, tangerines, raisins, grapes);
• greens, cereals, legumes, buckwheat, boiled rice, nuts, mushrooms, berries, black bread, bran bread;
• meat in pieces;
• baked goods;
• whole milk, cottage cheese;
• carbonated drinks.

Recommended to use:

• mostly semi-liquid porridges and clear broths;
• dishes made from minced lean meats, lean boiled fish;
• boiled egg, omelet;
• cheese;
• White bread;
• low-fat fermented milk products without additives;
• tea without milk, clear juices without pulp, non-alcoholic uncolored drinks.

2. Cancel 3 days before the study medications containing: 

• iron (Fenuls, Ferrum-lek, etc.)
• bismuth (De-nol, Novobismol, Ulkavis),
• activated carbon (Lactofiltrum), polyphepam;

Attention!

The discontinuation of drugs that affect blood clotting (Clopidogrel, ThromboAss, Cardiomagnyl, Warfarin, Plavix, Tiklid, etc.) should be discussed with a cardiologist or attending physician.

If you have to remove polyps, medications that affect blood clotting are canceled in advance, after consultation with your doctor.

If you suffer from constipation, 5 days before the scheduled test, you must take laxatives daily, recommended by your doctor, to achieve daily bowel movements. This will improve the quality of further preparation for the study.  

If you take medications to lower blood pressure, anticonvulsants, antiarrhythmics, or hormonal medications every day in the morning, you must continue to take them throughout the preparation period. On the day of the study, they should be taken before 10.00 with a small amount of water.  

If you have diabetes and use insulin, you need to consult with an endocrinologist about changing your insulin regimen while preparing for FCS.

Special medications are taken to completely cleanse the intestines of contents. These drugs include: Endofalk, Moviprep, Kolokit, Lavacol. A sufficient volume of the drug for good quality bowel preparation is considered to be at least 3 liters of liquid containing one of the listed drugs. BUT! Each has its own specific application!

In our clinic, colonoscopy is also performed in the afternoon. Therefore, preparation for the procedure is divided into two stages - medications must be taken in the evening and in the morning, on the day of the study.

Typically, 2/3 of the total dose of the drug is taken in the evening and 1/3 of the dose in the morning on the day of the study.

Physical exercise while taking a laxative has a beneficial effect on the quality of preparation: walking, squats, bending and turning the body.

Colonoscopy time Regimen for taking the drug MOVIPREP Regimen for taking the drug LAVACOL

08:00-10:00 Diet on the eve of the day of colonoscopy: Before 09:00, breakfast according to the list of allowed foods; Lunch and dinner - only allowed liquids	The day before the CS: 19:00-20:00 take the first liter of the drug solution 21:00-22:00 take the second liter of the drug solution After each liter of the drug taken, do not forget to drink 500 ml of the approved liquid	The day before the CS: from 16:00-17:00 to 21:00-22:00 the night before, take 200 ml every 30 minutes (3 liters of solution in total) After 22:00, eating is not indicated
10:00-14:00 Diet on the eve of the day of colonoscopy: Breakfast according to the list of allowed foods Until 13:00 light lunch according to the list of allowed foods Dinner only allowed liquids	The day before the CS: 20:00-21:00 take the first liter of the drug solution. The day of the CS: 06:00-07:00 take the second liter of the drug solution. After each liter of the drug taken, do not forget to drink 500 ml of the approved liquid	Day before the CS: 18:30-21:00 take the first 1.5 liters of the drug solution Day of the CS: 06:00-07:00 take the second 1.5 liters of the drug solution
14:00-19:00 Diet on the eve of the day of colonoscopy: Breakfast and lunch according to the list of allowed foods Until 18:00 light dinner according to the list of allowed foods On the day of colonoscopy in the morning only allowed liquids*	CS day: 08:00-09:00 take the first liter of the drug solution 10:00-11:00 take the second liter of the drug solution After each liter of the drug taken, do not forget to drink 500 ml of the approved liquid

Colonoscopy time Scheme for taking the drug ENDOFALK Scheme for taking the drug COLOKIT

08:00-19:00 Diet on the eve of the day of colonoscopy: Before 09:00, breakfast according to the list of allowed foods; Lunch and dinner - only allowed liquids	The day before the CS: One-stage scheme: From 16:00 to 19:00-20:00, take a solution of 200-300 ml (1 glass 1 time in 10-15 minutes), thus take 3-4 liters in 3-4 hours . Two-stage scheme: From 18:00 to 20:00, take a solution of 200-300 ml (1 glass 1 time in 10-15 minutes), so take 2 liters in 2 hours. CS day: From 07:00-08:00 to 08:00-09:00, take a solution of 200-300 ml (1 glass 1 time every 10-15 minutes), so take 2 liters in 2 hours.	The day before the CS: Take 4 tablets with 250 ml of water (or other liquid), then repeat 4 times (4 tablets with 250 ml of water or other liquid) with an interval of 15 minutes. Thus, a total of 20 tablets should be taken. Day of CS (4-5 hours before the examination): Take 4 tablets with 250 ml of water (or other liquid), then repeat 2 times (4 tablets with 250 ml of water or other liquid) with an interval of 15 minutes. Thus, a total of 12 tablets should be taken.

*Reception of any liquid is stopped 3 hours before the start of the study

If elderly patients, as well as patients with diseases of the heart, blood vessels, and lungs are preparing for the procedure at home, then the presence of relatives or friends is necessary, since during preparation there may be a decrease or increase in blood pressure and dizziness.

Source: https://www.smclinic.ru/diagnosis/endoskopiya/podgotovka-k-kolonoskopii/

Colonoscopy preparation plan

Before the procedure, it is necessary to follow a slag-free diet and completely cleanse the intestines of feces. 

If the colonoscopy is planned from 8.00 to 14.00

For effective preparation, you need to purchase 4 packets of FORTRANS at the pharmacy. Four packages must be purchased for those patients who have a large body size, constipation, adhesive disease of the abdominal cavity, previously identified lengthening or prolapse of the colon (during the passage of barium through the intestines, irrigation or colonoscopy).

On the eve of the study, you can have a light lunch (no later than 13.00) and not dinner.

Dissolve the contents of each FORTRANS package in 1 liter of high-quality drinking water at room temperature (it is convenient to use a 1.5-liter plastic mineral water bottle to dissolve the drug).

During the time interval from 15.00 to 19.00 on the eve of the study, you need to drink 3-4 liters of FORTRANS solution (1 liter of solution is drunk in 1 hour). Persons sensitive to taking large volumes of liquid (nausea, belching, etc.) are recommended to take 1 tablet of Motilium 1 hour before the start of preparation.  

At the NEOMED clinic, it is possible to perform video colonoscopy in a state of medicated sleep. If the examination is carried out under general anesthesia, please attend on an empty stomach and be accompanied.

If anesthesia is not planned, a light breakfast is acceptable. 

If the colonoscopy is planned from 14.00 to 19.00

Preparation is carried out using the drug FORTRANS. At the same time, there is no need to follow a slag-free diet, as well as to perform cleansing enemas!

• For effective preparation, you need to purchase 4 packets of the drug FORTRANS (1 box) at the pharmacy.
• On the eve of the study, you can have breakfast, lunch and even a light dinner, but the last meal should be no later than 18 hours.
• It is not recommended to drink carbonated drinks.
• Dissolve the contents of each FORTRANS package in 1 liter of boiled water at room temperature (it is convenient to use a 1.5-liter plastic mineral water bottle to dissolve the drug).

On the eve of the study, during the time interval from 20.00 to 22.00, you need to drink 2 liters of FORTRANS solution (1 liter of solution is drunk in 1 hour). Persons sensitive to taking large volumes of liquid (nausea, belching, etc.) are recommended to take 1 tablet of Motilium 1 hour before the start of preparation.  

Approximately 1.5-2 hours after taking the first liter of FORTRANS solution, loose stools will appear, which is a natural consequence of taking this drug. Loose stools will periodically repeat several more times until approximately 24.00. After this, as a rule, the urge to bottom stops, and the first stage of preparation is considered complete.

Before going to bed the night before, as well as at 7.00 on the day of the study, you can drink up to 300-400 ml of still water or weak tea.

On the day of the study, the second stage of preparation is carried out - taking two liters of FORTRANS solution from 8.00 to 10.00. After this, there will be loose stools several times again, which, as a rule, stops by 13.00. If the drug is poorly tolerated the day before, it is permissible to replace the intake of the FORTRANS solution on the day of the study with two cleansing enemas with a volume of 1.5-2.0 liters each at 8.00 and 10.00.

At the NEOMED clinic, it is possible to perform video colonoscopy in a state of medicated sleep. If the examination is carried out under general anesthesia, please attend on an empty stomach and be accompanied.

If you are not planning to undergo anesthesia for the examination, appear on an empty stomach at the appointed time (as an exception, you can take 200-300 ml of water or tea, but no later than 2 hours before the examination).

General recommendations

One of the most informative and effective methods of examining the intestines is colonoscopy. To carry it out, special preparation of the patient is required, which implies maximum bowel cleansing.

For urgent diagnosis, enemas and laxatives are most often used. If longer preparation for a colonoscopy is possible, the diet guarantees more thorough cleaning, and accordingly increases the effectiveness of the procedure itself.

Preparing for a colonoscopy usually begins a week in advance, and it is especially important to follow your diet during the last 48 hours.

How to prepare for a colonoscopy: diet

The main task of preparation is to free the intestines from toxins and feces. That is why fatty foods, foods rich in fiber, sweets, and coffee should be excluded from the diet. You should also stop taking antidiarrheal medications.

What can you eat before a colonoscopy?

• low-fat fermented milk products;
• boiled lean fish and meat (veal, chicken breast);
• juices, compotes, jelly;
• rice, buckwheat, bread (wholemeal flour).

48 hours before the procedure, you must strictly follow a diet. On this day the menu may be something like this:

Option 1:

• breakfast: steamed vegetables seasoned with olive oil, non-carbonated mineral water or weak green tea;
• lunch: vegetable soup, rice;
• afternoon snack: a cup of low-fat kefir (or unsweetened yogurt);
• dinner: boiled fish, compote or jelly with a minimum amount of sugar.

Option 2:

• breakfast: low-fat cheese with bread (whole flour), weak green tea with a spoon of honey;
• lunch: low-fat meat broth, boiled rice with steamed fish, compote;
• low-fat cottage cheese and kefir.

In the last 24 hours before the procedure, you need to drink more fluids and it is better to give preference to liquid foods.

These can be vegetable soups, low-fat kefir, liquid porridge with skim milk or water.

The last meal in preparation for intestinal colonoscopy should be no later than 15-16 hours on the day before the examination. For dinner you can have tea, still mineral water or low-fat kefir.

Do not forget that even such a short-term diet is stressful for the body and you need to return to your usual diet gradually. You should not immediately after the examination binge on food or load your intestines with fatty and “heavy” foods.

Preparing for a colonoscopy: prohibited foods

Many foods should be avoided before a colonoscopy. This is everything that can cause fermentation, an increase in the volume of food masses in the intestines.

To do this, it is necessary to completely exclude fatty meats, fried, smoked, spicy foods and pickles from the diet. You should also not consume legumes, nuts, coffee and chocolate.

You will have to give up some raw vegetables (cabbage, radishes, garlic, turnips, radishes, beets) and greens (spinach and sorrel). For cereals, it is recommended to give preference to brown rice or buckwheat.

When following a diet, it is very important to minimize the amount of sugar, exclude sweets, baked goods, kvass, and carbonated drinks. You should also not eat apricots, peaches, grapes, raisins, dates and bananas.

It is better to give up strong black tea, preferring green or still mineral water. In a procedure such as a colonoscopy, preparation for the examination is extremely important.

Only complete cleansing of the intestines will allow for an effective examination of the mucous membrane.

Preparing for a colonoscopy: enemas and laxatives

Unfortunately, even the most strict diet cannot ensure complete cleansing of the intestines from feces, which is necessary for effective examination of the mucous membrane. That is why, on the eve of the procedure, enemas or special laxatives are prescribed. The first method does not require material costs and can be prescribed if the patient tolerates the procedure normally.

Cleansing begins in the evening at about 20 o'clock. To do this, use a 2-liter enema with boiled water at 37 degrees. The procedure is repeated after 2 hours. If necessary, if an admixture of feces remains, the enema is repeated until the water is clear.

Today, the second method is more popular, in which special drugs are used to cleanse the intestines.

The most popular products are Fortrans and Dufolac, produced in the form of a powder that is soluble in water; once it enters the intestines, it is not absorbed and is excreted from the body in the same form.

• The drug is taken at the rate of 1 packet per 15-20 kilograms of the patient’s weight. There are 4 packets in a pack, which is on average enough for one procedure. The drug should be taken in the afternoon before the colonoscopy. It is diluted in water at the rate of one packet per 1 liter.
• I drink the resulting solution gradually in small sips, one glass per hour. Some patients note that after the second liter of the product, nausea may occur, which is caused by drinking large amounts of liquid. Regular lemon will help combat this symptom. You can no longer eat after you start taking Fortrans. But to overcome nausea, just bite a slice of lemon after drinking the solution. It is also recommended to drink the drug chilled, which reduces discomfort.

This method of preparing for intestinal colonoscopy is chosen by most patients today. It is much more convenient, especially for those who are preparing for an examination at home.

When the drug is taken correctly, the intestines are completely cleansed, which guarantees the effectiveness of colonoscopy. It is extremely important to follow the instructions exactly and not combine laxatives and enemas.

When deciding how to prepare for a colonoscopy, you need to choose one of the bowel cleansing methods.

Find out the cost of the “Video colonoscopy” service

Diagnosis and treatment Notes on health Gastroenterology Proctology Endoscopy

Source: https://www.neo-med.biz/articles/podgotovka-k-proczedure-kolonoskopii.html