Calculous prostatitis: causes and symptoms

Inflammatory phenomena in the prostate gland are conditions that cannot be ignored.

If they are not eliminated in a timely manner, they can become chronic and cause the development of numerous complications, the most common of which is chronic calculous prostatitis.

What is this disease, what are the symptoms and is it treatable?

Chronic calculous prostatitis

Characteristics of the disease

Advanced prostatitis gradually leads to serious problems with the genitourinary system. Against the background of inflammatory processes in the prostate, albeit sluggish, particles of epithelium and salt deposits accumulate, which form small compactions of varying consistency.

Over time, they harden, increase in size and clog the ducts, causing the man to experience excruciating pain. Specialists call such formations stones, but people talk about them as stones in the prostate.

It is this condition that is chronic calculous prostatitis, requiring immediate treatment.

This disease is typical of mature men; it is rare in young men. The disease does not go away on its own, and if nothing is done, the person’s condition will worsen more and more.

Most of all, this affects the urinary system and sexual functions; in the most serious cases, it provokes the development of malignant tumors.

In the early stages of the pathology, conservative methods give a good effect, but when the stones reach large sizes, surgery cannot be avoided.

The disease is characterized by the formation of stones in the prostate gland

Causes of stone formation

Why does this disease occur, and who is at risk? The main cause of prostatitis is stagnant processes in the gland, as a result of which the tissues become inflamed, the outflow of secretions decreases, and structural damage occurs. In turn, stagnation does not arise just like that; it is always caused by certain factors.

The list of such factors includes:

low physical activity;
irregular sexual intercourse or complete absence of sexual life;
injuries to the genital organs and back in the lumbosacral region;
sexual infections;
prolonged hypothermia.

Smoking and alcohol abuse also negatively affect the prostate: these bad habits provoke a deterioration in blood flow, which disrupts metabolic processes in the prostate gland and reduces the supply of nutrients to the tissues. And against this background, prostatitis develops, which without timely treatment becomes chronic.

Common causes of prostatitis

The reason for the formation of stones in the gland, that is, the development of calculous prostatitis itself, most often are structural changes in tissue against the background of prolonged inflammation, the presence of stones in various parts of the urinary system, and prostate adenoma.

For information: sometimes stones form when men have urethro-prostatic reflux, characterized by the penetration of secretions from the urethra into the excretory tract of the gland. And although a single volume of liquid is very small, the salts in the urine subsequently accumulate and form small and large stones.

How does the disease manifest itself?

It is not easy to independently determine calculous prostatitis, since its symptoms are very similar to the typical manifestations of chronic prostatitis. At an early stage, when the formations in the gland have a loose consistency, the severity of the symptoms is quite weak, but as the stones harden and enlarge, it becomes stronger.

The possible development of chronic calculous prostatitis is indicated by:

painful, frequent urination;
the occurrence of sharp cutting pain during defecation, ejaculation, after sex;
unpleasant, painful sensations in the perineum, often radiating to the sacrum and aggravated by shaking, prolonged standing, or sitting on a hard surface;
decreased desire and erection problems.

Symptoms of calculous prostatitis

In later stages, an additional sign is the presence of blood impurities in the urine or semen. Moreover, even if all of the listed symptoms are observed, without examination in the clinic it cannot be said that the cause of the ailment is definitely calculous prostatitis. Prostate adenoma or cancer, urolithiasis, and other pathologies can manifest themselves in a similar way.

Diagnosis of calculous prostatitis

Only a specialist can accurately determine the problem; you should consult an andrologist or urologist. In addition to collecting an anamnesis, a rectal examination is enough for a doctor to make a primary diagnosis, but most modern specialists prefer instrumental methods.

Table. Methods for diagnosing the disease

MethodDescription

Rectal examination	It is carried out by inserting a finger into the anus and palpating the prostate. An experienced doctor can immediately notice an enlargement of the gland, a change in its consistency, and the presence of compactions.
TRUS of the prostate	Using ultrasound, changes in tissue structure, the presence of stones, their size and location are determined.
MRI	Allows you to identify structural changes and the formation of stones even in the early stages, determine the size, number and localization of formations, and helps determine associated complications.
Laboratory research	For laboratory diagnostics, secretions from the prostate, urine, and discharge from the urethra are taken from the patient for analysis. A scraping is also done to identify sexually transmitted infections, and a biochemical blood test is performed.

A thorough examination makes it possible to differentiate calculous prostatitis from other diseases with similar symptoms and select the most optimal treatment option.

Treatment of pathology

In the absence of complications and the small size of the formations, the pathology is treated conservatively. Typically, standard therapy includes:

taking medications;
physiotherapy;
normalization of diet and physical activity.

The basis of treatment is a course of medication, which involves taking antibiotics, NSAIDs, vitamin complexes and drugs that improve blood microcirculation.

All medications are selected by the attending physician, taking into account possible contraindications, physiological characteristics and other important criteria.

This therapy is aimed at reducing pain, relieving swelling and inflammatory processes in the gland, which improves the patency of the ducts and promotes the removal of secretions. Antibacterial agents help eliminate the infection if the disease is caused by pathogenic microorganisms.

Rectal suppositories with antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties

Physiotherapeutic procedures are aimed at enhancing the effect of medications and non-invasive removal of stones.

Usually the patient is prescribed a course of electrophoresis, magnetic therapy or ultrasound treatment, and laser therapy to crush stones. The course consists of 8-10 sessions, the duration of which is determined by the doctor.

But prostate massage for this disease is strictly prohibited, since it increases the risk of blockage of the ducts and injury to the mucous membrane.

Folk remedies for calculous prostatitis

During treatment, special attention should be paid to diet and physical activity. Normalizing nutrition helps to quickly establish metabolism, improve tissue condition and overall well-being.

The menu must include foods rich in zinc - seafood, greens, pumpkin seeds, nuts.

Moderate physical activity helps improve blood flow and oxygen saturation of tissues, prevents congestion in the prostate, and maintains muscle tone.

Nutrition for calculous prostatitis

Treatment of prostatitis in men should be comprehensive. Today there are effective ways to treat prostate inflammation, which you can read about on our website. Find out about the most modern techniques and contraindications to them.

Surgery

In the presence of large stones and various complications, it is advisable to immediately resort to radical methods. Delay is fraught with a sharp deterioration in health and unnecessary suffering for the patient.

The most effective method at the moment is considered to be laser lithotripsy - crushing stones in the genitourinary system using a laser. This treatment is carried out in stages, depending on the size and number of stones, the patient may need from 5 to 10 procedures.

Crushed stones are independently excreted from the body in the urine.

If calculous prostatitis is combined with abscesses, an operation is performed during which the abscesses are opened and the stones are removed along with the pus.

In the most serious cases, such as the presence of malignant tumors, the only solution is surgical removal of the gland itself.

The operation can be performed laparoscopy or traditionally, and must be combined with chemotherapy.

Surgery is used in case of complications and the presence of large stones

Disease prevention

Preventing the formation of stones in the prostate is not so difficult: you need to move more, give up bad habits if possible, eat right, and improve your sex life.

Regular sexual intercourse with a regular partner allows you to maintain men's health longer and has a positive effect on your psycho-emotional state.

It is very important to strictly observe hygiene of the body and especially the intimate area, because many infections enter the body precisely because of neglect of hygiene standards.

Maintaining intimate hygiene is of great importance in the prevention of prostate diseases

Don't ignore health problems, even if they seem minor. Discomfort when urinating, weak erection or mild pain in the perineum may be the first symptoms of serious diseases, which are much easier to prevent than to cure.

If something bothers you, you don’t need to look for folk recipes or immediately buy advertised products, without even knowing what caused the problem. A visit to an andrologist is the only correct decision in such situations, although, unfortunately, not everyone follows this advice.

The main thing is to remember that the earlier the problem is identified, the better the prognosis.

Video - Chronic calculous prostatitis

To prevent the development of calculous prostatitis and avoid serious complications, problems with the prostate gland cannot be ignored. By what signs they can be recognized in a timely manner, which treatment methods are the most effective, as well as preventive measures and treatment prognoses can be found on our website.

Source: https://prostatit-doc.ru/hronicheskij-kalkuleznyj-prostatit/

All about the disease calculous prostatitis

Today, prostatitis is a fairly common and serious disease among the male population.
In the absence of timely and necessary treatment, the disease can intensify and become chronic.
that calculous prostatitis occurs .
It mainly affects older men.
The disease itself is prostatitis , aggravated by the formation of stones from necrotic masses, soybeans, and phosphates in the prostate gland.

What it is

Calculous prostatitis is a form of chronic prostatitis.

With the development of this disease, prostatoliths and calculi form in the excretory ducts and acini of the prostate gland. The disease is characterized by the patient's desire to visit the toilet more often.

When emptying the bladder, a man feels an aching or dull pain. In addition, he begins to have problems with erection, and also exhibits other symptoms of inflammatory processes in the prostate gland.

Calculous prostatitis is considered the most common and severe complication of chronic prostatitis, which proceeds rather sluggishly.

Brief medical history

A brief medical history is formed based on the degree of neglect of the disease and the size, as well as the number of stones already present in the prostate gland. The doctor collects anamnesis and prescribes tests, ultrasound and other procedures to determine the presence of sexually transmitted infections and unusual elements in the urine and blood.

Prevalence and significance

According to research, approximately 8.4% of men have prostate stones. At the same time, their formation is not affected by the age of the patients. Most often, calculous prostatitis occurs in the stronger half of humanity between the ages of 30 and 40 , after the development of chronic prostatitis, which manifests itself in advanced sexually transmitted infections.

At a later age (up to 60 years), calculous prostatitis often develops as a result of prostate adenoma. After 60 years, the cause of the development of this disease is the gradual decline of sexual function.

The disease is quite significant because it is often caused by weaker forms of stones in the bladder and kidneys, especially for secondary calculous prostatitis.

When conducting an ultrasound examination for prostatitis, concomitant diseases can be detected in a timely manner, which will be promptly eliminated; for this reason, at the slightest suspicion of calculous prostatitis, you should visit a doctor.

Risk factors

Men at risk include:

previously had sexually transmitted infections;
with weakened immunity;
leading a sedentary lifestyle;
subject to frequent stress;
having chronic bowel problems or eating improperly;
with prostate injuries;
after hypothermia;
smokers

To protect yourself from the disease, you need to lead a healthy and active lifestyle and carry out periodic preventive measures, as well as regularly visit your doctor.

Causes and consequences

The formation of prostate stones can occur for two reasons. According to them, the types of stones are distinguished:

Exogenous stones, like stones in the genital tract, occur with the development of prostate adenoma or chronic prostatitis.

Endogenous stones, unlike exogenous ones, are small in size - no more than 4 mm. They do not bring discomfort to a man and remain in the genital tract for a long time without causing pain to a man. The cause of their occurrence is considered to be congestive prostatitis.

In addition, stones that form in the prostate are divided into primary or true, and secondary or false.

The causes of prostatitis directly affect their character. Primary stones are already formed in the ducts and acini of the prostate gland, secondary stones are stones that formed in the bladder, kidneys or urethra, and then dropped lower with the flow of urine.

The main causes of calculous prostatitis:

formation of congestion in the prostate gland;
genitourinary infections;
prostatic hyperplasia;
physical inactivity;
bad habits;
frequent diets;
urethro - prostatic reflux;
morphological prerequisites.

Congestion in the prostate gland occurs due to the fact that it cannot completely empty itself naturally if the man does not have regular sexual activity or completely abstains from it.

The second most popular reason for the development of calculous prostatitis is genitourinary tract infection. If you do not get rid of them in a timely manner, then obstruction of the gland flows occurs. At the same time, the secretion of the gland itself changes its composition. It becomes thicker, more viscous and concentrated.

Most often they lead to this phenomenon:

trichomoniasis;
gonorrhea;
chlamydia;
microplasmosis;
ureoplasmosis.

When any of the above diseases occur, a man is in a difficult position, since the infections themselves will create a breeding ground and favorable conditions for the formation of stones in the genitourinary system, and the already formed stones will irritate the tissues and cause chronic inflammation, creating a breeding ground for microorganisms.
If calculous prostatitis is not detected in the early stages and develops for a long time, then there is a high probability of developing complications.
It can be:

Abscesses are collections of pus. In addition, with the development of such a phenomenon, a person’s body temperature rises sharply and intoxication of the body occurs. The man begins to suffer from problems with urination and removal of feces. He is in severe pain.

But even removal of the abscess does not eliminate the main cause of its formation; drug treatment is necessary, since in particularly advanced cases there is a high risk of death caused by the development of urosepsis.

Vesiculitis in acute or chronic form also develops in the absence of treatment for calculous prostatitis. In this case, the person experiences severe pain, and sexual dysfunction also manifests itself. In the absence of timely treatment, seminal vesicle epithema, chronic epididymitis and infertility are observed.

Dysfunction of the genital organ also occurs with the development of atrophy and sclerosis of the prostate . In this case, normal organ tissue is replaced by denser and rougher scar tissue. So the organ itself stops working.

If you suspect calculous prostatitis, you must definitely visit a doctor, since only timely treatment can avoid many unpleasant consequences for a man’s body.
Video: “Radical treatment of calculous prostatitis”

Symptoms and diagnostic methods

The symptoms of calculous prostatitis are similar to the signs of the development of chronic inflammatory processes in the prostate gland.

Most often this is:

pain;
increased pain during exercise and bowel movements, bladder;
problems with urination;
hematuria;
prostatorrhea;
hemospermia;
decreased sexual function.

Pain in calculous prostatitis is predominantly dull and aching. They begin in the perineum and scrotum, moving towards the pubis, coccyx and sacrum.

Over time, the pain intensifies and the patient begins to feel it more acutely when emptying the intestines and bladder, during sexual activity, and physical exertion. The pain begins to increase if a man is in a static position for a long time, especially when sitting on a hard surface.

Increased pain can occur with shaking and vibration (during long trips in transport).

In addition to pain, a person suffering from calculous prostatitis experiences problems with urination. The urge to empty the bladder increases, but the volume of urine is small.

The opposite phenomenon may also occur, in which the number of urges to urinate decreases or even becomes zero. In this case, we can talk about complete urinary retention.

Hematuria , as one of the symptoms of prostatitis, manifests itself as blood in the urine. The reason for this phenomenon is injuries to the urinary ducts caused by stones with sharp edges passing through them. Another reason may be the presence of inflammation itself.

Hemospermia , like hematuria, is manifested by the presence of blood in the discharge, or more precisely, in the semen.

Prostatorrhea is the discharge of prostate secretions from the urethra. It looks like a transparent stretchy liquid.

Normally, this should not happen, but with calculous prostatitis, secretion is released during urination, after intense physical exertion, and even at rest.

This secretion is accompanied by a burning sensation and brings psychological discomfort to the man.

In addition to all the above symptoms, the man suffers from sexual dysfunction , ejaculation and erection disorders. In addition, his sex drive decreases sharply, and severe pain may occur during ejaculation.

Prostatoliths that have already penetrated the ducts of the genital organ may not manifest themselves for a long time. The person experiences virtually no discomfort, with the exception of rare unexpressed pain. But they will gradually intensify as the disease begins to progress.

When the first symptoms of the disease appear, you must immediately consult a doctor to avoid more serious health problems that arise against the background of calculous prostatitis.

Diagnosis of the disease consists of:

examination of the patient's medical history;
inspection;
palpation of possible compactions;
rectal examination;
Ultrasound of the prostate gland;
x-ray diagnostics;
examination of semen for the presence of sexually transmitted infections;
MRI.

All types of studies are prescribed by the attending physician, depending on the symptoms of the disease.

Treatment

Treatment of calculous prostatitis is a rather lengthy process. It takes from one to three months. In this case, the result is considered positive in the absence of complications and remission. Only in this case can normalization of a man’s quality of life occur. Both medical and surgical treatment are used.

Drugs

Therapy with antibiotics in the treatment of calculous prostatitis is mandatory!

It is necessary to eliminate microorganisms that can lead to increased stone formation. To prescribe the most effective drugs, the results of a LBC culture of secretions from the urethra, as well as urine, are used.

The main drugs prescribed for treatment:

fluoroquinolones;
penicillins;
tetracyclines;
cephalosporins;
macrolides.

Fluoroquinols are quite effective drugs used to treat prostatitis, but their use can only be started after the diagnosis of prostate tuberculosis has been excluded.

Penicillins are also often used to treat this disease. The most effective drugs in this series are Amoxiclav , Flemoklav and Augmentin , but the doctor may prescribe another drug that is better suited to a particular person.

Tetracycline drugs are used much less frequently because they are difficult to tolerate by patients due to a large number of side effects.
Cephalosporins are prescribed in cases where the most effective method of treatment, in the opinion of the doctor, would be intramuscular injections.
Macrolides are used least often, since there is no accurate data on the effectiveness of using these drugs.
In addition to antibiotics, NSAIDs, vitamin complexes and medications used to normalize blood circulation are necessarily prescribed.
Video: “Shock wave treatment of calculous prostatitis”

Surgery

Surgical treatment of calculous prostatitis is rarely prescribed and only in advanced stages of the disease or complications. One of these complications is the presence of prostate adenoma.

Stones are removed from the genital organ depending on their location and size. If they are large and immobile, then surgery is performed to remove them. If the stones are mobile, then they try to push them into the bladder, where they will be subjected to lithotripsy and come out naturally.

If the disease has developed sufficiently strongly and an abscess has formed, the first step is to open it. Often, stones come out along with its contents.

Treatment with folk remedies

Treatment with folk remedies for calculous prostatitis cannot be carried out without consulting your doctor!
To get rid of calculous prostatitis, some folk remedies are used.
The most effective are: cinnamon rosehip tincture, pumpkin seed candies and chestnut peel tincture.

These remedies should not be used separately from drug treatment.

They can only strengthen the effects of medications and alleviate the symptoms of the disease.

Prevention

Prevention of calculous prostatitis consists of:

regular preventive examinations;
visits to the doctor at the slightest suspicion of the formation of stones in the bladder or prostate gland;
maintaining regular sex life;
absence of promiscuous sexual intercourse;
proper and rational nutrition;
giving up bad habits.

You should not put off visiting a doctor and self-medicate, since the disease is quite serious and can lead to serious consequences.

Forecast

Calculous prostatitis is quite easy to treat if the disease is detected in the early stages.

Conservative treatment is often sufficient. If you delay visiting a doctor, complications may occur that can lead to serious consequences and the need for surgical intervention.

To avoid the disease, it is necessary to undergo regular medical examinations.

Conclusion

Calculous prostatitis is a disease in which stones form in the prostate gland.
The disease has a number of symptoms: pain when urinating, problems when visiting the toilet, decreased sexual function and others.
The disease is common mainly among men over 30 years of age.
There is a high risk of developing calculous prostatitis in men who lead an unhealthy lifestyle and have many bad habits, as well as in men after sexually transmitted infections, injuries to the groin area and hypothermia.
Stones can form in the prostate gland independently or by penetrating into it from the bladder.
The disease is diagnosed based on medical history, palpation, ultrasound, MRI and other tests.
Treatment of calculous prostatitis can be carried out with medications or surgery.
If you have calculous prostatitis, you should absolutely not massage the prostate gland.

Source: https://kakbyk.com/bolezni/invektsionnye-i-vospalitelnye-zabolevaniya/prostatit/formy-i-vidy/vse-o-bolezni-kalkuleznyj-prostatit.html

Calculous prostatitis: what it is, causes, symptoms and how to treat

Prostatitis is an inflammatory process in the prostate gland that affects only men. The disease is most likely to occur in middle-aged and elderly men.

The disease is divided into two groups: infectious and non-infectious (with acute and chronic forms). Failure to see a doctor in a timely manner leads to the transition of the acute stage to the chronic stage, which often contributes to the development of serious complications.

Calculous prostatitis

Calculous prostatitis is the formation of stones in the excretory ducts and acini of the prostate glands. This disease is a complicated type of prostatitis , which occurs as a result of sluggish chronic prostatitis over several years.

Prolonged thickening of prostatic secretions and reverse flow of urine leads to clogging of the ducts of the prostate glands, which contributes to stone formation. Concentrated in the prostate ducts, stones disrupt the biological processes in the prostate tissue, which leads to increased inflammation.

The sizes of stones range from 3 to 25 mm and are divided into two types:

Endogenous stones are formed in any part of the prostate as a result of stagnation of its secretion. They have a round, oblong shape.
Exogenous stones - are formed in cases of disturbance in the flow of urine, which is accompanied by its reflux into the channels of the prostate gland. They are irregular in shape, with sharp corners.

Reasons for appearance

Factors provoking calculous prostatitis:

Chronic inflammation of the prostate.
Injury to the genitourinary system.
Infectious diseases of the genitourinary organs.
Self-medication with medications.
Pathological development of the prostate gland, leading to deviations in normal functioning.
Sexual abstinence and excessive sex.
Maintaining a sedentary lifestyle.
Frequent hypothermia of the body.
Poor nutrition.
Disorders of the digestive tract.

Clinical manifestations

Symptoms depend on the severity of the disease and are manifested by the following signs:

Increased pain in any position.
Weakening of sexual functions (decreased libido, erectile dysfunction);
Sharp or nagging pain in the lumbosacral region, groin, lower abdomen, pelvic area.
Pain during urination and bowel movements.
Increased urge to urinate and decreased urine output.
Feeling of incomplete emptying of the bladder.
Presence of blood in semen and urine (in severe cases).

Diagnostics

Carrying out diagnostic measures will allow you to find the right path to eliminating the disease and avoid further complications.

For this purpose, the following is carried out:

Assessing the general condition of the patient.
Rectal examination (to identify dense areas of prostate tissue and identify the degree of pain)
Laboratory tests of urine and blood analysis.
Carrying out uroflowmetry (measuring the amount, speed and duration of urine output)
Study of prostate secretion and sperm.
Purpose of bacteriological culture (to determine the sensitivity of microorganisms to various antibiotics)
Ultrasound and X-ray examination of the prostate (to determine the structure and size of stones)
MRI and computed tomography (as prescribed).

Only with the help of a thorough diagnosis can the correct treatment be chosen, aimed at eliminating stones and restoring the normal functioning of the prostate.

Treatment of calculous prostatitis

Treatment methods for this disease depend on the severity of its course. In case of inflammation in the prostate and the presence of stones, treatment is carried out as for prostatitis. Rectal massage for calculous prostatitis is strictly prohibited. There are conservative and surgical treatment methods.

In case of uncomplicated course of the disease, physiotherapeutic procedures are used:

Magnetotherapy.
Electrophoresis.
Ultrasound therapy.
Laser therapy (crushing stones into small pieces that are excreted during urination).

For drug treatment the following is prescribed:

Antibiotics (Levofxacin, Amoxiclav, Tsiprinol) to combat the causative agent of prostatitis and reduce the inflammatory process.
Anti-inflammatory (Ibuprofen, Diclofenac, Vitaprost, etc.) to quickly relieve pain and relieve inflammation in the prostate.
Antispasmodics (No-shpa, Tolperil, Mydocalm) to eliminate spasms of smooth tissues, relax the urethral muscles and improve blood microcirculation.
Sedatives (motherwort, valerian, glycine) to relieve nervous tension.

If conservative treatment is ineffective and the disease continues to progress, the doctor recommends transurethral resection of the prostate (surgical removal of infected prostate tissue).

Traditional methods of treatment

In case of minor stone formation, additional treatment with traditional medicine is possible (after consultation with the attending physician).

Various herbal preparations help relieve inflammation and normalize the discharge of prostate secretions.
To treat prostatitis and remove stones, use a decoction of rosehip root.
To prepare it you need to take 2 tbsp. l. thoroughly washed and chopped rhizomes, pour boiling water and boil for 5-10 minutes. on low heat. Take 50 ml before meals.
Parsley juice, flax seed, pumpkin seeds, chestnut peel are also used in the treatment of calculous prostatitis.

Preventive actions

Prevention of calculous prostatitis, first of all, should be aimed at improving the quality of life of a man.

This can be achieved by following some recommendations:

Maintaining a regular sex life with a regular partner.
The use of protective equipment (condoms) during intimate relationships with different partners.
Reduce the consumption of alcoholic beverages and smoking.
Strengthening the body (sports, walking, performing a set of exercises to improve blood circulation)
Boosting immunity.
Maintaining a daily routine.
Elimination of hypothermia.
Reducing the intake of spicy, fatty, salty, smoked foods and spices.
Inclusion in the diet: low-fat fermented milk products, vegetables and fruits, greens, a variety of cereals, dried fruits, low-fat fish.

To avoid the occurrence of calculous prostatitis, it is necessary to conduct an annual preventive examination, which will help to detect the onset of the disease in time and achieve a complete cure.

Source: https://prostatit-m.ru/kalkuleznyj-prostatit-chto-eto-prichiny-simptomy-i-kak-lechit/

Calculous prostatitis

Calculous prostatitis is a complication of chronic inflammation of the prostate gland, characterized by the formation of stones in the acini or excretory ducts of the gland. Calculous prostatitis is accompanied by increased urination, dull aching pain in the lower abdomen and perineum, erectile dysfunction, the presence of blood in the seminal fluid, and prostatorrhea. Calculous prostatitis can be diagnosed using a digital examination of the prostate, ultrasound of the prostate gland, survey urography, and laboratory examination. Conservative therapy for calculous prostatitis is carried out with the help of medications, herbal medicine, and physiotherapy; If these measures are ineffective, stone destruction with a low-intensity laser or surgical removal is indicated.

Calculous prostatitis is a form of chronic prostatitis, accompanied by the formation of stones (prostatoliths).

Calculous prostatitis is the most common complication of a long-term inflammatory process in the prostate gland, which specialists in the field of urology and andrology have to deal with.

During preventive ultrasound examination, prostate stones are detected in 8.4% of men of various ages.

The first age peak in the incidence of calculous prostatitis occurs at 30-39 years of age and is due to an increase in cases of chronic prostatitis caused by STDs (chlamydia, trichomoniasis, gonorrhea, ureaplasmosis, mycoplasmosis, etc.). In men 40-59 years old, calculous prostatitis, as a rule, develops against the background of prostate adenoma, and in patients over 60 years old it is associated with a decline in sexual function.

Calculous prostatitis

Depending on the cause of formation, prostate stones can be true (primary) or false (secondary). Primary stones initially form directly in the acini and ducts of the gland, secondary stones migrate into the prostate from the upper urinary tract (kidneys, bladder or urethra) if the patient has urolithiasis.

The development of calculous prostatitis is caused by congestive and inflammatory changes in the prostate gland. Impaired emptying of the prostatic glands is caused by BPH, irregularity or lack of sexual activity, and a sedentary lifestyle.

Against this background, the addition of a sluggish infection of the genitourinary tract leads to obstruction of the prostate ducts and a change in the nature of the prostate secretion.

In turn, prostate stones also support a chronic inflammatory process and stagnation of secretions in the prostate.

In addition to stagnation and inflammatory phenomena, urethro-prostatic reflux plays an important role in the development of calculous prostatitis - the pathological reflux of a small amount of urine from the urethra into the prostate ducts during urination.

At the same time, the salts contained in the urine crystallize, thicken and, over time, turn into stones.

The causes of urethro-prostatic reflux can be urethral strictures, trauma to the urethra, atony of the prostate and seminal tubercle, previous transurethral resection of the prostate gland, etc.

The morphological core for prostate calculi is amyloid bodies and desquamated epithelium, which are gradually “overgrown” with phosphate and calcareous salts. Prostate stones lie in cystically distended acini (lobules) or in the excretory ducts.

Prostatoliths are yellowish in color, spherical in shape, and vary in size (on average from 2.5 to 4 mm); may be single or multiple. In terms of their chemical composition, prostate stones are identical to bladder stones.

With calculous prostatitis, oxalate, phosphate and urate stones are most often formed.

Clinical manifestations of calculous prostatitis generally resemble the course of chronic inflammation of the prostate. The leading symptom in the clinic of calculous prostatitis is pain. The pain is dull, aching in nature; localized in the perineum, scrotum, above the pubis, sacrum or coccyx.

Exacerbation of painful attacks may be associated with defecation, sexual intercourse, physical activity, prolonged sitting on a hard surface, prolonged walking or bumpy driving. Calculous prostatitis is accompanied by frequent urination, sometimes by complete urinary retention; hematuria, prostatorrhea (leakage of prostate secretions), hemospermia.

Characterized by decreased libido, weak erection, impaired ejaculation, and painful ejaculation.

Endogenous prostate stones can remain in the prostate gland for a long time without symptoms. However, a long course of chronic inflammation and associated calculous prostatitis can lead to the formation of a prostate abscess, the development of vesiculitis, atrophy and sclerosis of the glandular tissue.

To establish a diagnosis of calculous prostatitis, a consultation with a urologist (andrologist), an assessment of existing complaints, and a physical and instrumental examination of the patient are required. When performing a rectal digital examination of the prostate, the lumpy surface of the stones and a kind of crepitus are determined by palpation.

Using transrectal ultrasound of the prostate gland, stones are detected in the form of hyperechoic formations with a clear acoustic track; their location, quantity, size and structure are clarified. Sometimes survey urography, CT and MRI of the prostate are used to detect prostatoliths.

Exogenous stones are diagnosed by pyelography, cystography and urethrography.

An instrumental examination of a patient with calculous prostatitis is complemented by laboratory diagnostics: examination of prostate secretions, bacteriological culture of urethral discharge and urine, PCR examination of scrapings for sexually transmitted infections, biochemical analysis of blood and urine, determination of the level of prostate-specific antigen, biochemistry of sperm, culture of ejaculate, etc.

When conducting an examination, calculous prostatitis is differentiated from prostate adenoma, tuberculosis and prostate cancer, chronic bacterial and abacterial prostatitis. In calculous prostatitis not associated with prostate adenoma, the volume of the prostate gland and PSA level remain normal.

Uncomplicated stones in combination with chronic inflammation of the prostate gland require conservative anti-inflammatory therapy.

Treatment of calculous prostatitis includes antibiotic therapy, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, herbal medicine, physiotherapeutic procedures (magnetic therapy, ultrasound therapy, electrophoresis).

In recent years, low-intensity laser has been successfully used to non-invasively destroy prostate stones. Prostate massage for patients with calculous prostatitis is strictly contraindicated.

Surgical treatment of calculous prostatitis is usually required in the case of a complicated course of the disease, its combination with prostate adenoma. When a prostate abscess forms, the abscess is opened, and along with the outflow of pus, the passage of stones is also noted.

Sometimes mobile exogenous stones can be instrumentally pushed into the bladder and subjected to lithotripsy. Removal of fixed stones of large sizes is carried out in the process of perineal or suprapubic section.

When calculous prostatitis is combined with BPH, the optimal method of surgical treatment is adenomectomy, TUR of the prostate, prostatectomy.

Forecast and prevention of calculous prostatitis

In most cases, the prognosis for conservative and surgical treatment of calculous prostatitis is favorable.

Long-term non-healing urinary fistulas can be a complication of perineal removal of prostate stones.

In the absence of treatment, the outcome of calculous prostatitis is abscess formation and sclerosis of the prostate gland, urinary incontinence, impotence, and male infertility.

The most effective measure to prevent stone formation in the prostate gland is to contact a specialist when the first signs of prostatitis occur.

An important role belongs to the prevention of STIs, elimination of predisposing factors (urethro-prostatic reflux, metabolic disorders), age-appropriate physical and sexual activity.

Preventive visits to a urologist and timely treatment of urolithiasis will help to avoid the development of calculous prostatitis.

Source: https://www.KrasotaiMedicina.ru/diseases/zabolevanija_andrology/calculous-prostatitis

5 approaches to the treatment of calculous prostatitis

Calculous (from Latin calculus - stone) prostatitis is a complication of chronic inflammation of the gland, in which solid inclusions (calcifications, or stones) are formed in its body.

Large ones are localized mainly in the posterior part of the prostate and large ducts, small ones - in the acini (sacs of glandular tissue) of its lateral lobes. Calculous prostatitis is usually diagnosed in men after 30 years of age .

Pathology often develops against the background of prostate hyperplasia (benign tissue growth), infectious diseases, and loss of sexual function . Treatment methods for calculous prostatitis depend on the size of the stones and the severity of symptoms.

Causes

The main function of the prostate is to produce secretions to dilute the ejaculate.

Under the influence of various factors, the composition of the gland juice changes; salts are gradually deposited in the scars remaining after inflammation - this is the main mechanism for the formation of stones .

The process is called prostatolithiasis. The cause may be reflux of urine into the prostate (prostatic reflux), stagnation of prostatic juice, or infection.

Pathologies against which particularly active formation of stones in the prostate gland occurs:

Excess vitamin D;
Alkaptonuria is a hereditary metabolic disorder that results in the release of a large amount of homogentisic acid into the urine;
Prostate tuberculosis;
Chronic diseases of the genitourinary organs;
Varicose veins of the pelvis;
Metabolic disorders due to systemic pathologies, obesity.

Urologist and dermatovenerologist Sergey Gennadievich Lenkin will tell you about the causes and symptoms of calculous prostatitis

Factors contributing to the development of the calculous form of prostatitis:

Insufficient physical activity, causing stagnation in the pelvis (chronic congestive calculous prostatitis occurs).
Irregular emptying of the prostate ducts due to infrequent ejaculations.
Alcohol, nicotine, drug intoxication.
Unbalanced diet, constipation.
Damage to the urethra, prostate and bladder during surgical interventions (iatrogenic disorders).
Taking certain medications (sulfonamides).

Long-term catheterization of the bladder can also provoke calculous prostatitis.

Types of stones

Calcifications formed from prostatic juice are called primary. Secondary ones form in the prostate due to regular reflux of urine. Based on their location, formations can be true or false. The former arise directly in the body of the prostate, the latter clog the mouths of the ducts opening into the urethra, entering them from the kidneys or bladder.

Stones formed in the prostate vary in composition and structure. The analysis is carried out using an X-ray microanalyzer and an electron microscope. For example, with hyperplasia, the composition of stones includes the following elements: zinc, magnesium, aluminum, phosphorus, calcium (phosphates and oxalates), sulfur.

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Source: https://muzhchina.info/prostata/prostatit/kalkuleznyj

Calculous prostatitis: causes of the disease, main symptoms, treatment and prevention

A pathological condition that is a complication of chronic inflammation of the prostate gland and is characterized by the formation of stones in the acini or excretory ducts of the gland.

Depending on the reasons that caused the formation of prostate stones, they can be true (primary) or false (secondary). Primary stones form directly in the acini and ducts of the gland, secondary ones migrate into the prostate from the upper urinary tract if the patient has urolithiasis.

The development of calculous prostatitis is characterized by the development of congestive and inflammatory changes in the prostate gland. Impaired emptying of the prostatic glands is caused by BPH, irregularity or lack of sexual activity, and a sedentary lifestyle.

In this case, the addition of a sluggish infection of the genitourinary tract leads to the development of obstruction of the prostate ducts and a change in the nature of the prostate secretion.

In addition, prostate stones also support a chronic inflammatory process and stagnation of secretions in the prostate.

In addition to stagnation and inflammatory phenomena, the main role in the development of calculous prostatitis is played by urethro-prostatic reflux, caused by the pathological reflux of a small amount of urine from the urethra into the prostate ducts during urination.

At the same time, the salts present in the urine crystallize, thicken and, over time, turn into stones.

The causes of urethro-prostatic reflux may be the structure of the urethra, trauma to the urethra, atony of the prostate and seminal tubercle, or previous transurethral resection of the prostate gland.

The morphological core of prostate calculi is amyloid bodies and desquamated epithelium, which over time become covered with phosphate and calcareous salts. Prostate stones lie in cystically distended acini or in the excretory ducts.

Prostatoliths are slightly yellowish in color, spherical in shape, vary in size and can be single or multiple. In terms of their chemical composition, prostate stones are identical to bladder stones.

With calculous prostatitis, oxalate, phosphate and urate stones are most often formed.

The clinical picture of calculous prostatitis resembles the course of chronic inflammation of the prostate. The leading symptom in the clinic of calculous prostatitis is pain. The pain can be dull or aching in nature, localized in the perineum, scrotum, above the pubis, in the sacrum or coccyx.

Exacerbation of pain can occur during defecation, sexual intercourse, physical activity, prolonged sitting on a hard surface, prolonged walking or shaking.

The disease is accompanied by frequent urination, sometimes complete urinary retention, hematuria, prostatorrhea and hemospermia may occur.

Characterized by decreased libido, weak erection, impaired ejaculation, and painful ejaculation.

Diagnostics

To establish a diagnosis, an assessment of existing complaints, physical and instrumental examination of the patient is carried out. When performing a rectal digital examination of the prostate, the lumpy surface of the stones and a kind of crepitus are determined by palpation.

Using transrectal ultrasound examination of the prostate gland, stones are detected in the form of hyperechoic formations with a clear acoustic track.

Sometimes survey urography, computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging of the prostate is used to detect prostatoliths.

Treatment of calculous prostatitis includes antibiotic therapy, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, herbal medicine, and physiotherapeutic procedures. In recent years, low-intensity laser has been successfully used to non-invasively destroy prostate stones. Massage of the prostate gland with this pathology is strictly contraindicated.

Surgical treatment of calculous prostatitis is required in the case of a complicated course of the disease, or its combination with prostate adenoma. In the event of a prostate abscess, the abscess is opened, and the passage of stones is noted along with the outflow of pus.