Breast glands are formed from different types of tissue. Throughout a woman's life, her breasts can change shape and size. When the histological structure is disrupted, cysts, lumps or tumors can form. The most common disease in this area is FMC of the mammary glands.
What is FMC?
FCM of the mammary glands is a benign disease, the cause of which is most often a gap in the proportions between the junction and epithelial materials. Doctors make this diagnosis if they find lumps in a woman’s breast.
The disease is more common after 45 years of age, but can occur during childbearing age. With complications, some forms of FCM can transform into malignant neoplasms.
Forms of mastopathy
Pathology develops regardless of age. At first, its progression is virtually unnoticeable to the woman, but sometimes, on the contrary, the clinical picture appears quite clearly: discharge from the nipples, painful manifestations, compaction throughout the entire breast or only in one place.
Soreness differs from its manifestations before menstruation. If mastopathy is not treated, it can have serious consequences.
Diffuse dyshormonal mastopathy
The difference between diffuse mastopathy and other forms is that it affects the entire mammary gland. Typically, more than half of women suffer from this form. The main patients are female bodybuilders taking various hormones, especially estrogens and progesterones.
Cysts formed during the disease change their size during menstruation. They can be dense or watery, mobile during examination. Various discharge from the nipples, aching, bursting pain are possible. Mandatory monitoring of their growth and other changes is required.
The causes of this disease may be:
- Long-term absence of pregnancy and childbirth.
- Lack of breastfeeding.
- Treatment of infertility with hormonal drugs.
- Chest bruises.
- The onset of an early menstrual cycle.
- A large number of abortions.
- Stressful conditions: lack of adequate sleep.
- Endocrine diseases.
- Chronic female diseases.
- Heredity.
- Lack of libido.
- Functional changes in the thyroid gland.
- Frequent visits to the solarium, prolonged exposure to the sun.
Nodular mastopathy
The disease is characterized by the existence of transformations in the mammary glands: nodes, soft tissue cysts, hardening of the breasts during menstruation, increased sensitivity, fluid discharge, and growth of gland lobules. Identification of individual atypical cells is a state of increased risk of cancer.
Therapy for nodular mastopathy is successful only at the beginning of the disease. Further treatment requires the intervention of a surgeon. Unlike diagnostics, in the nodular form of the disease, fingering is prohibited.
Types of mastopathy
Mastopathy is divided into 3 main types:
- fibrous;
- cystic;
- mixed.
Fibrous type
If fibrous tissue grows atypically, then the pathology is of the fibrous type. If mastopathy is of a certain nature and not treated, the cells may degenerate into malignant ones.
Cystic type
This type of mastopathy is often combined with a woman’s existing gynecological diseases, including menstrual irregularities. A cyst can form not only in the soft tissues of the breast, but also in the ovaries. Multiple cysts and nodules cause pain and discomfort. Cases of detection of cystic mastopathy in men are rare, but they do occur.
FCM of the mammary glands has different forms.
After the menopause ends, the risk of the disease decreases. If there is no therapy, there is a fairly high probability of cells degenerating into malignant ones.
Mixed view
Mixed fibrocystic disease of the mammary glands is usually preceded by diseases of the liver and thyroid gland, chronic female diseases, abortion, lack of breastfeeding, and stressful conditions. There is enlargement of the lobules and enlargement of the ducts.
Palpation reveals a smooth oval or round compaction with unclear contours, as well as small grain size and coarsening of the lobules. The spread of fibrous tissue with cysts is usually present in both breasts, although tenderness may be present in only one.
Reasons for development
The reasons for the development of this disease lie in hormonal imbalance: a large increase in estrogen, which leads to a lack of progesterone. This imbalance gradually leads to changes in the mammary glands.
Symptoms according to the form of pathology
Signs of mastopathy and its manifestations largely depend on the physical and psychological state of the woman. The pain comes from stagnation of blood. Women usually call this breast engorgement.
Sometimes the pain is unbearable even from touching clothing.
Soreness and swelling decreases after the end of menstruation. The longer the disease continues, the pain becomes incessant. All this leads to a disruption in the woman’s emotional state, creating a state of irritation, aggressiveness or, conversely, tearfulness.
Echo signs by ultrasound
FCM of the mammary glands is often determined by echogram. Echosigns vary depending on the duration of the disease. The age of the subject also plays an important role in diagnosis. Ultrasound of the mammary gland in adolescence reveals a layered structure, forming an irregularly shaped mass.
Mammography diagnostician
When an unknown pattern of lumps appears in the mammary gland, mammography studies are prescribed to determine the severity. This procedure does not interfere with the structure of the breast tissue; no needles or surgical instruments are used, and therefore is considered safe.
Diagnostics
Some forms of the disease, in which small lumps and cysts form in large numbers, are difficult to detect during self-examination. Typically, women begin to see a specialist only when unpleasant symptoms appear, such as breast pain, changes in the menstrual cycle or discharge from the nipples.
FMC is diagnosed using mammography. If it is present, the image shows pathological changes in the mammary gland, enlarged lymph nodes, and a focus of disease. The mammologist will determine their number, nature, volume, and uniformity. In the photograph, cystic and fibroadenoma formations have the shape of an oval or circle with clear edges.
If there are such complaints, a qualified doctor will prescribe an ultrasound scan. To confirm the diagnosis, a biochemical blood test may be required. If a cyst or tumor is detected, a puncture is prescribed. FCM of the mammary glands on ultrasound images manifests itself in the form of thickening of the walls of the ducts, increased echogenicity of the glandular layer due to the large number of fibrous structures.
Treatment
Treatment of this disease begins with a high-quality diagnosis using mammography and ultrasound, which is most effectively carried out on the fifth day of the menstrual cycle. If there is swelling, you can take diuretics, or a complex of vitamins to increase metabolism. For pain in the mammary glands, anti-inflammatory therapy is used.
If a nervous disorder occurs during the course of the disease, sedatives and antidepressants are prescribed. Much attention should be paid to vitamins. Their use alleviates the woman’s condition in general. For pain relief, you can additionally use ointments that help reduce inflammation and swelling.
In case of severe advanced form
FCM of the mammary glands in an advanced form is treated with surgery or puncture. If the diagnosis reveals diseases associated with mastopathy in endocrinology or gynecology, treatment is prescribed along with the recommendations of doctors in these areas.
For greater effectiveness, the diseases that cause FCM of the mammary glands are initially treated and hormonal therapy is used.
Non-hormonal treatments
Non-hormonal treatments include diet, taking vitamins and anti-inflammatory drugs, and diuretics that improve blood circulation. The prescribed drug Mastodinon, which does not contain hormones, effectively reduces tumors.
It is also necessary to take products containing:
- phospholipids;
- zinc;
- carotene;
- selenium.
The duration of such treatment is approximately 4 months.
For FMC, vitamin therapy is carried out, which includes taking vitamins A, E, B, C, P, PP. The doctor prescribes iodine-containing medications (Iodine-Active, Iodomorin). Due to the psycho-emotional instability of patients, sedatives (valerian, motherwort) are used.
It is mandatory to take medications that stimulate the immune system. They are often replaced with herbal remedies (radiola, eleutherococcus). Medicines from the NSAID group form the basis of therapy (Nise, Indomethacin), which is supplemented with diuretics (Lysix, Fitolysin).
Hormone therapy
Hormonal drugs can be taken only after a blood test. The drugs are initially prescribed in a minimal dose, as side effects such as sleep disorders are possible. Under no circumstances should you self-medicate.
Treatment is prescribed by a highly qualified specialist, taking into account all the results of the preliminary examination:
- blood tests;
- Ultrasound;
- mammography;
- palpation.
For complete cure, hormonal drugs must be used for at least 4 months. It is preferable to use preparations that are herbal or for external use. Only in severe cases is it possible to use more serious hormonal medications.
Homeopathy
Homeopathy is a good help for the treatment of mastopathy. The current theory is that this treatment is used by administering small doses of the compounds that caused the disease. Remedies come in plant and animal bases. The components of these drugs are thoroughly diluted.
Homeopathic remedies have no side effects and are widely used as an addition to traditional treatment. They have a gentle effect on the body, are easily tolerated, and allergic reactions do not occur after taking them. You cannot take risks using products from manufacturers from Asian countries, which often have not undergone medical research in Russia.
Preparations:
- relieve swelling;
- pain stops;
- normalize hormonal levels;
- relieve inflammation;
- significantly reduce the risk of cancer.
Diet
Diet is one of the main indicators of the effectiveness of treatment.
The following foods should be excluded from your diet:
- Bread and flour.
- All kinds of sweets, including honey.
- Saltiness and smokedness.
- Fried and fatty foods.
Smoking and alcohol should be excluded. Drinking alcoholic beverages negatively affects a woman’s recovery.
Traditional methods of treatment
Tinctures, herbal decoctions, and prepared compresses have earned the attention of our grandmothers. The test of time has been carried out, and folk remedies actually confirm their effectiveness in the treatment of mastopathy. They have no contraindications and do not have an allergic effect on the body. Ointments can be combined with most medications.
Here are some plants that help in the treatment of mastopathy:
- Place the peeled burdock on your chest, secure it with a bandage or scarf, and leave it overnight. Apply several nights. Break – 2 days.
- Rub freshly prepared celandine juice and sunflower oil in equal parts daily onto the affected areas of the mammary gland for a month. Break - a week. When preparing this recipe, you must be careful, as celandine juice is highly poisonous.
- A cabbage leaf compress is called the most affordable known traditional medicine. It is applied to the chest for several hours, replacing it periodically with a new one. Hard veins are usually cut off. Honey added in a small amount will enhance the healing effect.
- 2 tbsp. Boil crushed oak bark and a glass of water until half a glass of water evaporates. Apply a compress to the inflamed area of the chest, wrap it in film, insulate it and hold it for 3 hours.
- Make small cakes from melted yellow honey and apply them overnight, securing them with a scarf or dressing.
- Dried rose hips, hawthorn berries in the amount of 2 tbsp. Boil 500 ml of water and let it brew. Take 50 ml half an hour before meals.
Why is mastopathy dangerous?
It is important to find out about the disease at the very beginning of its development. To avoid being at risk, every woman should be examined at least twice a year. The examination must be complete, including ultrasound and mammography. Mastopathy has a negative impact on a woman’s reproductive system and greatly worsens the condition of the thyroid gland.
During illness, the nervous system is severely depleted, headaches that appear aggravate this condition, appetite disappears, which subsequently leads to diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. If a woman misses the onset of the disease process and refuses treatment, there is a very high probability of developing cancer.
Mastopathy is associated with the genitourinary system. As a result of its development, gynecological diseases appear and libido decreases.
If diagnostic measures are carried out on time, qualified treatment is prescribed on time and the patient strictly complies with it, the possibility of a complete recovery without consequences is very high.
Prevention of mastopathy
Regardless of the type and complexity of the disease, there are prevention methods that can prevent mastopathy of the mammary glands.
They are as follows:
- Rejection of bad habits.
- Adjusting your diet.
- Regular sex.
- Periodic examination by a gynecologist.
- Reducing stress load.
Doctors' advice and treatment reviews
Timely treatment helps to completely get rid of the problem. Many who discover breast lumps do not take any further action. All this leads to emergency surgery, without which advanced cases of FCM of the mammary glands cannot be cured.
After the intervention, the breast becomes deformed and requires even more expensive surgery. Doctors recommend being examined by a mammologist twice a year to avoid complications.
Article design: Oleg Lozinsky
Video about FCM of the mammary glands
Features of the disease and treatment of FCM of the mammary glands:
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Signs and symptoms of mammary gland mastopathy - diagnosis, treatment with medications and folk remedies
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A female disease called breast mastopathy - what is it? Fibrocystic pathology accompanied by unpleasant symptoms? The medical term “mastopathy” unites a group of pathological processes that are associated with changes in the mammary glands. The disease has several causes, and late diagnosis can lead to dire consequences.
What is mastopathy
Benign formations cause pain and serve as a trigger for the development of cancer.
What is mastopathy of the mammary glands? A disease of the mammary glands (mastopatia) of a dyshormonal nature, characterized by the proliferation of breast connective tissue and glandular fat cells, which is accompanied by the appearance of cystic formations and fine-grained compactions. There are 2 main forms of the analyzed disease, but according to the characteristics of their manifestation they are divided as follows:
- diffuse mastopathy;
- adenomatous;
- nodal
Fibrous
The diffuse form of mastopathy affects the entire area of the mammary gland and is divided into two forms: cystic and fibrous. The appearance of a fibrous node indicates a painful condition.
This disease looks like an increase in the connective tissue of the mammary glands. Young girls and women after menopause are susceptible to the fibrotic form of the disease.
The cause may be an imbalance of hormones that occurs under stress or under the influence of negative factors.
Cystic
Thanks to the name, the characteristic of fibrocystic mastopathy becomes clear, which is associated with the appearance of special nodes with fluid contained inside. Cystic formations have a soft structure and clear contours.
When cysts appear, the onset of menstruation is accompanied by soreness of the mammary glands. Women over 50 years of age are at risk of developing a cystic form. During this period, estrogen predominates in the body.
Fibrocystic
Excessive growth of connective tissue is observed in diffuse fibrocystic mastopathy (DFCM). The mixed form is accompanied by the appearance of small cystic tumors. Formations can be scattered in a chaotic manner.
Fibrocystic mastopathy of the mammary glands appears simultaneously on two breasts, therefore it has a second name: bilateral diffuse mastopathy.
Inside the tumors there is a transparent liquid, but it is not possible to take a puncture to analyze the contents due to the small size of the formation.
Why is mastopathy dangerous?
Having diagnosed mastopathy, treatment should not be left to chance. This disease cannot go away on its own. A mammologist will issue an opinion, make a diagnosis, and prescribe treatment.
The most important danger of mastopathy is the ability to develop into breast cancer.
Knowing the peculiarities of the pathology, doctors are wary of mastopathy, immediately defining it as a precancerous condition, although initially the formation is benign.
Causes of mastopathy
In most cases, women over 40 years of age are at risk, but the risk of developing the disease in young girls cannot be excluded. Patients who have suffered from many gynecological diseases are more susceptible to mastopathy than others. The further development of the disease is directly related to neurohumoral regulation (disruption of the body's vital processes).
Numerous hormones are responsible for the growth and development of the breast, the most significant of which are: progesterone, estrogens, growth hormone and prolactin. The condition of the mammary glands depends on the ratio of hormones in the body. Hormonal imbalance entails a chance of developing the disease. Other causes of mastopathy include:
- the onset of menopause later than normal;
- termination of pregnancy or its absence throughout life;
- earlier onset of menarche (menstruation);
- refusal to breastfeed a child;
- woman's age over 35 years;
- genetic predisposition.
Symptoms of mastopathy
A benign disease has characteristic signs of a pathological process, the appearance of which women should consult a doctor before the disease takes the form of cancer.
The symptoms depend on the degree of development of mastopathy, the most common of which are: pain, engorgement of the mammary gland in the 2nd phase of menstruation, the appearance of nodules and discharge from the nipples. Echo signs of the disease are determined by ultrasound.
Its characteristic symptoms depend on the form of the disease:
-
Diffuse fibroadenomatosis affects young women. The “stone chest” syndrome appears, and graininess can be felt. There is pain, which can only be relieved by analgesics.
- If the previous type of disease is not cured, nodular mastopathy will begin to develop. Upon palpation, cysts, compactions, and nodules are detected. All formations do not have clear boundaries and can reach 7 cm.
First signs
The initial symptoms of the disease are unnoticed. Discomfort in the area of the mammary glands may be alarming: it occurs depending on the menstrual cycle, and the symptom is especially obvious during the period of PMS. Often women do not notice changes, and at this time the disease develops further. The following signs may include:
- minor pain;
- swelling of the mammary glands;
- compaction;
- increased sensitivity of the mammary glands;
- clear fluid from the nipple;
- enlarged axillary lymph nodes.
Pain
Unpleasant pain can be either strong or mild: its intensity and nature of manifestation depend on the stage of mastopathy.
The initial stage of the disease is characterized by pain before the onset of menstruation, and is therefore perceived by patients as part of PMS.
Mastopathy is characterized by stagnation of venous blood, which leads to severe pain (in which it is impossible to touch the mammary glands) and swelling. Types of pain with mastopathy are:
- sharp;
- stupid;
- pulling;
- aching.
Discharge
The next sign of mastopathy makes you immediately run to the doctor when it appears. Discharge can be detected either by pressing on the nipple or without applying any force. The color of the liquid can be bloody, white, brown (purulent), green.
If there is no discharge, the doctor speaks of its transparent color. A bloody tint with impurities of blood indicates specific processes in the mammary gland of a malignant nature.
There should be no discharge in the body of a healthy woman, except during lactation or pregnancy.
How to treat mastopathy
This disease must be identified as quickly as possible. If pathology is detected, it is necessary to undergo a mammogram.
The specialist makes a diagnosis, chooses treatment tactics and a regimen depending on factors: the patient’s age, concomitant diseases, the degree of development of the disease, the nature of the menstrual cycle disorder.
With fibrocystic mastopathy, not only therapy, but also surgical intervention may be required.
If mastopathy develops into a malignant tumor, it is immediately removed.
The operation for mastopathy is called sectoral resection of the mammary gland: the breast remains intact, and only part of the tissue and fibroadenoma are excised.
During the operation, general anesthesia is used as anesthesia, and the intended incisions are marked in advance. Ultrasound monitoring helps maintain cosmetic aesthetics.
Treatment of fibrous mastopathy of the mammary gland
With a moderate diffuse form of mastopathy, conservative treatment is necessary, but prescription of medications is possible only after a complete examination of the woman and after a conversation with a mammologist.
Treatment of a disease with a fibromatous component occurs through the use of homeopathic medicines. The specialist will select a treatment package that will help regulate hormones by strengthening the body’s defenses.
If taking medications is not enough, then adequate hormonal therapy is prescribed.
Treatment of cystic mastopathy
Features of therapy for the fibrocystic form of the disease include a whole range of measures. The first thing you need to do is adjust your diet and start taking vitamins and minerals. If the tumor is benign, drug therapy will help and surgery will not be required. How to treat breast mastopathy? Fibrocystic disease is treated with the following medications:
- diuretics;
- NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs);
- sedatives;
- means to reduce the bioactivity of estrogens;
- Dietary supplements (Feocarpin);
- medications to relieve pain symptoms;
- homeopathic medicines;
- means for regulating the functioning of the thyroid gland.
Tablets for mastopathy
Before taking any medications, you must consult a doctor who will select individual medications suitable for each stage of development of the disease. The main rules when treating with pills are compliance with the dosage regimen and the need not to interrupt the course. Among the most effective tablets for mastopathy are:
- Mastodinon (iodine, chlorophyll, kelp) – the drug is also available in the form of drops;
- Mammoleptin (deer antler, ginseng root);
Anti-inflammatory drugs
The main cause of pain in the mammary glands is an inflammatory process, which can be relieved with medications. The doctor prescribes non-hormonal anti-inflammatory drugs before the onset of menstruation.
Anti-inflammatory drugs eliminate acute attacks of mastopathy, but since this group of drugs is potent, they cannot be taken for a long time.
A long course of administration leads to the opposite effect - the growth of tumor-like formations and blood stagnation. Take the following medications against inflammation:
- Diclofenac;
- Indomethacin;
- Acetylsalicylic acid.
Iodine preparations
The component is involved in the normalization of the synthesis of thyroid hormones, disruption of the functioning of which leads to the development of mastopathy. The daily requirement of the element is from 50 to 200 mcg. Large amounts of iodine are found in seafood, iodized salt, eggs, milk, and beef liver. You can also compensate for the deficiency of an element with the help of drugs:
- Iodine-active;
- Iodomarin;
- Mastovit;
- Klamin;
- Potassium iodide;
- Kelp.
Hormonal drugs
The goals of starting hormone therapy are to reduce the amount of estrogen, normalize the level of hypothyroidism (thyroid hormones) and prolactin.
Anti-estrogen treatment blocks specific receptors with which estrogen interacts, which leads to a decrease in biological activity. Among these drugs are Toremifene and Tamoxifen, a noticeable effect from which can be obtained after 3 months of use.
Prevention of breast cancer is through oral contraceptives (birth control pills), which change hormonal levels.
Folk remedies for breast mastopathy
The advantage of using folk remedies for the treatment of mastopathy is that they have no contraindications other than personal intolerance.
Natural preparations are used externally in the form of ointments and homemade compresses. All medications can be combined with medications. There are many therapeutic methods against mastopathy associated with the preparation of herbs.
Effective treatment recipes with folk remedies are presented in the table below:
Means Ingredient Preparation Duration| Application | Carrots, beets, sea buckthorn oil, golden root | The vegetable is grated, mixed with half a tbsp. juice, mixed with a spoon of root, oil (4 tbsp.) | The mixture is applied to the mammary gland for 3 hours |
| Compress | Cabbage | Wash the sheet and cut off the dense veins | Apply to the mammary gland for 2-3 hours every day until symptoms disappear, replace the old sheet with a new one |
| Compress | Onion | Bake in the oven, cut in half | Apply to the mammary gland, fix overnight, 2-3 procedures |
Video: what is mastopathy in women
What is mastopathy? Mastopathy - causes, symptoms and treatment
Attention! The information presented in the article is for informational purposes only. The materials in the article do not encourage self-treatment. Only a qualified doctor can make a diagnosis and give treatment recommendations based on the individual characteristics of a particular patient.
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Source: https://sovets.net/12123-mastopatiya-molochnoj-zhelezy-chto-eto-takoe.html
Breast mastopathy
Mastopathy is a benign breast disease. Breast mastopathy is characterized by pathological proliferation of breast tissue. This disease is currently widespread among modern women: it is diagnosed in eight out of ten representatives of the fair sex.
Breast mastopathy develops as a result of hormonal imbalances occurring in the female body. The development of this disease has a very negative impact on a woman’s general well-being, and its manifestation can become a prerequisite for a dangerous disease - breast cancer.
Breast mastopathy is a hyperplastic dishormonal process . This is a fibrocystic disease in which tissue changes occur. With mastopathy, there is an incorrect ratio of connective and epithelial tissues.
Mastopathy mainly develops in women aged 25 to 45 years, that is, during the childbearing period. In very rare cases, mastopathy is also diagnosed in men.
Types of breast mastopathy
Guided by the differences in the changes that occur in the mammary gland, experts define two different types of mastopathy. Fibrocystic diffuse mastopathy is a condition characterized by the proliferation of connective tissue of the mammary gland.
During the development of diffuse mastopathy, small nodules and cords form in the breast. Another type of breast mastopathy is fibrocystic nodular mastopathy .
In this case, large and dense nodes appear in the chest, and upon palpation, moving compactions without clear boundaries can be detected.
Causes of breast mastopathy
Mastopathy especially often develops in women who at one time had an abortion .
In the process of artificial termination of pregnancy , a very rough and drastic intervention occurs in the state of the hormonal system of the woman’s body, which at this stage is already tuned in to pregnancy.
In a woman's mammary gland, preparation for future breastfeeding occurs almost in the first days of pregnancy. By the time the abortion is performed, very serious changes will have occurred in her. And the subsequent drastic change has an extremely harmful effect on breast tissue.
Another factor that directly influences the occurrence of breast mastopathy in a woman is gynecological diseases. The fact is that the mammary glands are part of a single reproductive system of the body, and any disturbance in the functioning of this system causes a noticeable blow to the mammary gland.
According to statistics, in 75 percent of cases of gynecological diseases with the development of the inflammatory process, changes occur in the mammary gland. Even with a long absence of sexual activity, a woman sometimes begins to develop mastopathy, the signs of which later become clearly visible.
As mentioned above, the female mammary gland is an organ dependent on the hormonal balance in the body. As a consequence of this, the phase of the monthly cycle affects the condition of the gland tissue.
estrogen is produced ; after ovulation, the ovaries produce progesterone .
The condition of the mammary gland is also affected by hormones produced by the pituitary gland , adrenal glands , and thyroid gland .
the of hormones, every month the mammary gland undergoes certain changes: it becomes coarser before menstruation , and after its end the reverse process occurs. When the hormonal balance is disturbed due to certain negative influences, the ducts, fibrous (connective) and glandular tissue of the breast can grow pathologically.
In addition, the subsequent development of mastopathy may be caused by too high production of the hormone prolactin , which is responsible for milk production during breastfeeding, outside the period of bearing and feeding a child. Due to too high secretion of prolactin, the mammary glands are constantly stimulated, and mastopathy is painful.
The development of mastopathy can be provoked by the presence of anovulatory cycles , as well as a shortening of the luteal phase .
Sometimes mastopathy manifests itself against the background of other diseases that are not related to the reproductive system. First of all, these are diseases of the liver, pancreas, thyroid glands, and adrenal glands. Therefore, the reason for the development of mastopathy is directly related to the selection of the correct tactics for treating the disease.
The cause of the development of breast mastopathy in women is often also neurological disorders. Stress , neurosis , and depression can be a starting factor for the development of this disease .
As a result, the woman will find herself in a kind of vicious circle: mastopathy of the mammary glands manifests itself as a consequence of nervous disorders, after which the disease itself becomes the cause of a constant state of stress.
That is why, in the process of treating mastopathy, a woman is often prescribed psychotherapy sessions.
The factor of heredity is also very important in this case, so a woman should clearly know about the presence of both benign and malignant diseases of the mammary glands in close relatives.
Obesity has also been identified as a risk factor . Women who are overweight and suffer from diabetes and arterial hypertension .
In this case, breast injuries also pose a danger. Sometimes even a minor injury can cause the onset of a pathological process in the chest.
As a reason that increases the risk of breast mastopathy, experts also identify the absence of pregnancy or the birth of a child too late, as well as too short a duration of breastfeeding or its absence.
Very often we can talk about the mutual connection of certain reasons, which ultimately forms a general unfavorable background.
Symptoms of breast mastopathy
Symptoms of mastopathy initially appear in a woman as the growth of connective tissue of the mammary gland, resulting in the appearance of small nodules and cords. In this case, the woman develops diffuse mastopathy . This form of the disease is manifested by mastalgia , that is, noticeable soreness in the breasts immediately before menstruation. When menstruation begins, chest pain subsides. In addition, as symptoms of diffuse type mastopathy, the patient from time to time develops lumps in the upper part of the mammary gland, similar to balls. Very often, patients do not pay attention to the symptoms that manifest diffuse mastopathy and are in no hurry to consult a doctor for advice. Ignoring such signs for many years, women act extremely imprudently, because in the initial stages this disease can be cured through conservative therapy.
The subsequent development of the disease is characterized by the appearance of compactions in the breast tissue, the sizes of which vary and reach the size of a walnut. This is nodular mastopathy .
If this stage of the disease develops, the symptoms of mastopathy are characterized by more intense pain. Periodically, the pain radiates to the armpit area, to the shoulder.
Sometimes pain occurs even with the slightest touch to the chest.
If a woman has progressive nodular mastopathy, signs of the disease include periodic discharge of clear or bloody fluid from the nipple. By feeling the breast, you can detect granularity or the presence of lobulation in the tissues of the gland.
This stage of the disease is characterized by the presence of lobulation or granularity of tissue. At this stage of the disease, all manifestations remain unchanged during menstruation.
In case of nodular mastopathy, a woman should immediately seek medical help.
Thus, the main symptoms of mastopathy are the following: pain and severe discomfort in the chest; the presence of compactions in the breast tissue, which during self-examination can be defined as dense areas with unclear contours; enlarged lymph nodes in the armpits; engorgement of the breast, respectively, an increase in its size; the appearance of various types of discharge from the nipples; the presence of a node in the chest with nodular mastopathy. All of these symptoms can occur with mastopathy of the mammary glands in different combinations.
Diagnosis of breast mastopathy
The diagnosis of mastopathy should be carried out by a specialist mammologist, because when establishing such a diagnosis, it is necessary to exclude other diseases of the mammary gland. It is especially important not to miss the signs of breast cancer.
If the diagnosis of “mastopathy” is established, then in order to determine the correct complex of treatment for mastopathy, it is necessary to specify the form of the disease and constantly monitor what changes occur in the breasts of the sick woman.
The doctor must get acquainted with the patient’s current complaints and conduct an examination and manual examination of the breast. During the examination, it is mandatory to palpate the patient’s mammary glands and lymph nodes, which makes it possible to detect lumps, nodes and determine their nature.
The general condition of the mammary glands can also be assessed using mammography and ultrasound examinations. It is also important to have information about a woman’s hormonal status.
Mammography to objectively assess the condition of the breast. Pathological phenomena in the mammary glands during such a study are determined with a probability of 95-97%.
Using ultrasound, you can obtain additional information about the nature of diffuse changes and nodular formations in breast mastopathy. Ultrasound and mammography are methods that complement each other.
There are other methods for establishing the diagnosis of “breast mastopathy”, which are used less often ( thermography , computed tomography , ductography ).
To exclude the presence of a malignant formation, a puncture biopsy and subsequent cytological and morphological examination are performed.
Pathological phenomena can also be assessed using histological examination, which is considered the most accurate method of differential diagnosis.
Treatment of breast mastopathy
Once the diagnosis is made, mastopathy is treated immediately. It is important that the patient is under the supervision of a doctor in order to monitor the development of the subsequent pathological process.
The choice of treatment method for mastopathy is influenced by a number of factors: the form of the disease, the age of the patient, the presence of other ailments, etc.
Today, many different drugs are used to treat mastopathy. However, first of all, women who have been diagnosed with fibrocystic mastopathy are advised to change their dietary principles.
In this case, it is important to give up strong coffee and tea, not to smoke or drink alcohol. In addition, the patient is advised to choose a suitable bra that provides good support to the breasts without squeezing them.
Treatment of mastopathy involves taking vitamins, diuretics, as well as hormonal and anti-inflammatory drugs.
As vitamin therapy, the patient is prescribed vitamins E , A , B1 , B6 . They must be consumed over a long period of time. In addition, a woman with fibrous mastopathy is prescribed antioxidants iodine preparations .
One of them is the drug Mamoclam , created on the basis of kelp seaweed. Has a therapeutic effect for fibrocystic mastopathy. Reduces the manifestations of mastalgia, premenstrual syndrome, leads to regression of cysts, normalizes the processes of proliferation of the mammary gland epithelium. Can be used during pregnancy and lactation, in physiological doses of iodine no more than 250 mg per day.
Anti-inflammatory and diuretic medications help relieve breast pain. Homeopathic medicines and herbal medicine can also be used in the treatment of fibrocystic mastopathy.
If a woman is diagnosed with a nodular form of the disease, then in this case surgery is preferably prescribed. Surgical intervention is definitely indicated if we are talking about fibroadenoma or cystadenopapilloma . It is also possible to perform surgery to remove the node to subsequently exclude breast cancer . Sometimes women with nodular mastopathy are prescribed conservative treatment, because surgery does not always eliminate the cause of the disease, and often the formation of nodules in the breast occurs again.
Women who have had fibrous mastopathy should not visit the sauna, stay in the sun for a long time, or take artificial tanning.
The doctors
Medicines
Prevention of breast mastopathy
Fibrous mastopathy is a disease that is considered to be a precancerous condition. Therefore, preventing mastopathy will simultaneously help prevent breast cancer.
In this case, it is important to take into account that the development of mastopathy occurs in the body against the background of hormonal imbalance. Therefore, it is important to prevent hormonal imbalances. The main measure to prevent mastopathy is maintaining a healthy lifestyle and daily physical activity.
It is important to pay attention to your diet, reducing the fat and at the same time increasing the amount of fiber consumed. A woman should not exceed the normal level of calorie intake, otherwise estrogen metabolism may be disrupted.
The diet should contain many foods high in vitamin C , B vitamins , calcium , and magnesium . These microelements and vitamins are responsible for the formation of prolactin in the body.
In addition, a woman should not overuse salt, which stimulates fluid retention and, accordingly, breast swelling.
You cannot allow the presence of chronic stress in your life by treating difficult situations correctly.
The selection of a bra is important: it should not impair blood circulation, while supporting the bust well. The material of the underwear should be natural so that when wearing a bra it does not create a sauna effect.
It is equally important to regularly self-examine your breasts for the presence of lumps. It needs to be done monthly. Self-massage of the breast is also used as a preventative measure.
There are other means of preventing the disease, which will be suggested directly by a specialist at an individual appointment. Therefore, regular visits to a mammologist are one of the most important measures to prevent mastopathy.
Diet, nutrition for mastopathy
List of sources
- Neishtadt E. L., Vorobyova O. A. Pathology of the mammary gland. - St. Petersburg: Foliant, 2003;
- Zotov A. S., Belik E. O. Mastopathy and breast cancer. M.: MEDpress-inform, 2005;
- Firsova S.S. Women's health. - M.: “Esmo”, 2010;
- Kogan I.Yu., Tarasova M.A., Myasnikova M.O., Manikhas A.G. Mastopathy: fibrocystic disease: Methodological recommendations St. Petersburg, 2005.
Source: https://medside.ru/mastopatiya-grudi
Breast mastopathy: what is it, signs and symptoms with photos, treatment with drugs and folk remedies
At an appointment with a mammologist, a diagnosis of “mastopathy” is often made. What kind of breast disease is this, who is most susceptible to it and what treatment methods exist?
What is breast mastopathy
In medical practice, mastopathy is a disease associated with a benign tumor of the mammary glands in women. There is an opinion that almost every woman experiences manifestations of this disease throughout her life.
The disease itself does not pose any threat to life, but there is an opinion that some of its forms can eventually develop into breast cancer.
In fact, mastopathy has symptoms similar to the development of a malignant tumor, but it cannot be called a precancerous condition.
Expert commentary. Do not confuse mastopathy and mastodynia (mastalgia). The latter is a syndromic diagnosis of exclusion. Mastopathy is an independent condition.
Reasons for the development of the disease in women
There are several reasons for the development of mastopathy in a woman:
- Violation of the reproductive function of the body. The disease is more likely to affect women whose first menstruation occurred at too early an age - before 12 years of age, women suffering from infertility, who did not have time to give birth to a child before 30 years of age, or who are childless. Also, the cause of a benign tumor can be previous abortions or artificial births, a small number of births (up to 2 times), a short period of breastfeeding, or a late onset of menopause - after 53 years.
- Hormonal disorders. The development of the disease is often caused by imbalances in thyroid hormones and sex hormones. Therefore, when making a diagnosis, an examination by an endocrinologist is required to accurately identify the cause of mastopathy. The disease is especially common in women with diabetes or obesity.
- Gynecological diseases such as: adnexitis - inflammation of the appendages, uterine fibroids, endometriosis, polycystic ovaries.
- Chronic diseases of other organs. As already mentioned, the cause of mastopathy can be improper functioning of the thyroid gland. The disease often occurs in patients with diffuse enlargement of the thyroid gland, the presence of a so-called goiter. Also, the onset of the disease is preceded by liver dysfunction, cholecystitis, arterial hypertension, and hepatitis.
- Irregular sex life. The disease most often develops in women who are dissatisfied with their sex life, or in women who have not had regular sexual intercourse for a long time. The psychological factor plays a special role in this. The disease is more common among single mothers, divorced women and single women. Also, the cause of mastopathy can be constant psychological stress, frequent stress and depression, difficulties at work and at home, and family conflicts.
- Heredity. Until recently, it was believed that the disease tends to be inherited, but these assumptions are not confirmed by practice. Women whose mothers had mastopathy or breast cancer are just as likely to get the disease as anyone else.
- Lifestyle and environmental factors. The disease is typical for residents of large cities, constantly striving for independence and material well-being, intellectual workers with higher education. The risk of developing the disease increases with constant lack of sleep, poor diet (with a predominance of calories, animal fats and insufficient consumption of vegetables and fruits), and nervous overstrain. Smoking and drinking alcohol also lead to the disease.
List of risk factors
So, a woman has every chance of developing mastopathy if she:
- Does not have regular sex life;
- Childless or has one child;
- Didn't breastfeed the baby long enough;
- Subject to frequent stress;
- Had abortions;
- Leads an unhealthy lifestyle;
- Lives in an area with poor ecology;
- Is overweight or has various chronic diseases;
Symptoms and signs of mastopathy in the photo
Mastopathy
The main symptoms of mastopathy most often appear before the start of the next menstruation and disappear immediately after its end. These include:
- Dull aching pain in the breast or armpit area;
- The appearance of single or multiple lumps in the mammary glands;
- Rare, sometimes bloody discharge from the nipple.
- Heaviness, chest compression;
- Formation of cracks in the nipples, retraction of the nipples;
- Enlarged axillary lymph nodes.
Ultrasound images for breast mastopathy
Diagnosis of the disease
If you notice similar symptoms, you should visit a gynecologist, who, after examination, will refer the patient to a mammologist or oncologist. Often the disease does not manifest itself at all. A woman learns about it only at a scheduled visit to a specialist.
Before treating mastopathy, the doctor must determine its exact type (nodular or diffuse) and identify the cause. Sometimes treating the cause itself allows you to get rid of the disease in a short period of time.
Despite the availability in pharmacies of a huge number of special drugs for the treatment of mastopathy, there is no generally accepted method of treating the disease. Therapy should be selected individually, depending on each individual case.
Some experts believe that the best way to eliminate the disease is hormonal drugs, others support non-hormonal treatment. Treatment primarily consists of eliminating the pain symptom, reducing the lumps that appear in the chest, until they completely disappear. Treatment should also be aimed at preventing breast cancer.
Treatment of mastopathy with drugs and vitamins
The most common drugs for breast treatment are:
- Hormonal: toremifene, danazol, bromocriptine, medroxyprogesterone acetate, tamoxifen.
- Non-hormonal: drugs containing vitamins A, E, P, C, homeopathic (mastodinone), diuretics, drugs to improve digestion, for severe pain - painkillers.
Only nodular mastopathy is subject to surgical removal, since it is believed that under certain conditions it can develop into breast cancer. In the presence of a diffuse form, surgery is not performed. Treatment of any type of illness, especially with hormonal drugs, should be carried out only under the supervision of a specialist.
Medicines not from the medicine cabinet: how to treat breasts with folk remedies
There are many traditional methods of treating mastopathy. Of course, they cannot completely cure a chest disease, but they will help eliminate its main symptoms and alleviate the patient’s condition.
- Compresses from burdock or coltsfoot leaves. Apply a burdock leaf at night, or better yet a layer of leaves so that they do not dry out overnight, or coltsfoot leaves. In the morning, wipe your chest and lubricate it with burdock oil. This folk remedy has an antitumor effect and relieves pain in the mammary gland.
- From burdock root and honey. Mix 100 g of grated fresh burdock root, 100 g of honey, 100 g of castor oil, apply this mixture to a linen cloth or cabbage leaf (burdock or a layer of coltsfoot leaves), apply to the chest overnight. The course of treatment is 2 weeks. This folk remedy has an antitumor effect due to the presence of burdock (burdock), which effectively fights tumors.
- Beet. For mastopathy, grate beets on a fine grater, add one part of flower honey to 3 parts of beets, place on a cabbage leaf or cloth, and apply to the tumor overnight. In the morning, put the mixture in the refrigerator and repeat the procedure the next night. Then take a break for one night. Course - 10 - 20 cycles. The same beet mass can be used twice. Here is another folk remedy made from beets. Heat 200 g of grated beets in a water bath, add 2 tbsp. l. 9% nine vinegar, make a compress overnight. In the morning, tie a warm scarf around your chest. Course - 10 nights in a row. Mastopathy sometimes goes away within 5–7 days.
Women with this diagnosis should regularly visit a mammologist and undergo an ultrasound every six months, which allows them to detect the presence of cancer in the mammary gland at the earliest stages, which is the key to their cure, and often saving their lives.
Material updated 04/21/2017
Source: https://lechenie-simptomy.ru/mastopatiya
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