Cervical erosion and HPV: prevention of infection and treatment

In 1999, Dr. Wolbumers published an article with his colleagues that emphasized the direct connection between the presence of papilloma on the cervix and the high risk of subsequent cervical cancer due to this.

After conducting various histological studies of 932 women with the virus, almost 99% of patients were found to have degenerated into a cancerous form. This led to a stir among professional doctors and women infected with this virus.

The woman's genital area is affected by about 40 types of HPV. They are divided into 2 large groups:

• oncogenic, having a low risk of cancer;
• high-risk oncogenic.

Danger of HPV infection

According to modern research, most women do not even know that they have been infected with the human papillomavirus. In almost 90% of people, the virus disappears without a trace 2 years after infection.

Only in 10% of cases does the disease continue to progress; in this case, we are talking about persistent HPV infection. In rare cases, the appearance of the cervix changes: condylomas appear on it. They occur if a woman is infected with HPV types 6 or 11. The situation becomes a little more complicated in the presence of erosion.

There is no need to start panicking when you discover genital warts. Their appearance is caused by low-oncogenic types of human papillomavirus. This means that cancerous and precancerous changes in these pathologies are detected extremely rarely.

HPV 16 and 18 are considered the most dangerous. Women with cervical cancer were diagnosed with highly oncogenic HPV types in more than 90% of cases. But this does not mean that patients who are diagnosed with this virus will necessarily develop cancer. They need to visit the gynecologist more often and monitor their health more closely.

You can become infected with papillomavirus through sexual contact: through genital, oral and anal sex. But a household route of transmission of infection through the use of common personal hygiene items is also possible. The more sexual partners a woman has, the higher the risk of becoming infected with the human papillomavirus.

HPV is one of the main causes of erosion. The virus is highly contagious (degree of infectiousness), especially for those people who have a reduced protective function of the immune system. The peculiarity of the virus and its greatest danger is that today it cannot be cured.

• easily and quickly transmitted from an infected person;
• not subject to treatment;
• aggressive with rapid development;
• may remain in a latent stage for a long time.

Low risk HPV

They can cause precancerous and cancerous diseases. These include types such as: 6, 11, 40, 42, 43, 44, 53, 54, 61, 72, 73, 81. In 90% of cases, types 6 and 11 occur, which are classified as genital papillomas.

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High risk HPV

The risk of cervical cancer in the presence of this type of papillomas is very high. This group includes types such as: 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 68, 82. In 70% of cases of infection with cervical cancer, types 16 are detected and 18. The risk of other types occurring in a woman’s sexual sphere ranges from 5 to 18%.

Viruses are also classified according to their DNA structure. They have 5 classes:

• alpha;
• beta;
• gamma;
• delta;
• mu.

They can also be of three variations:

• European virus;
• Asiatic;
• American;
• Asian-American Indian
• African.

The vaccine for this infection is selected taking into account all these criteria.

Despite the frightening forecasts, scientific studies have shown that in 60% of women, the papilloma virus does not cause cervical cancer and disappears on its own without the development of cancerous tumors 15 months after its appearance.

Every woman should remember that cervical erosion and HPV do not always lead to cancer. The risk of cancer may be associated with having high levels of certain types of virus in the body.

One thing is clear that the appearance of cancer due to HPV on the cervix has not yet been studied well and does not have a serious scientific basis. Therefore, a combination such as erosion and HPV is in most cases not a death sentence.

Doctors do not diagnose cervical cancer itself very often. Before the age of 30, the risk of cancer from HPV is quite low; after 30-40 years, it occurs in only 3-4 cases among 100 thousand women.

Most gynecologists can state with full responsibility that in all their many years of practice, when HPV and erosion are detected in a woman, they have not encountered cases of papilloma degenerating into a malignant tumor.

The likelihood of developing an oncological tumor

In order for cervical erosion to cause the process of degeneration of benign cells into a malignant tumor, the disease must not be treated for many years. However, even then the probability of the formation of an oncological tumor, although present, these risks are not particularly high.

The situation is different with erosion, which is accompanied by a virus. This increases the risk of cancer. Particularly dangerous are HPV types 18 and 16, which occupy the 2nd position among all factors that provoke oncology.

The human papillomavirus, which has not been subjected to drug treatment for a long time, leads to the development of complications in the following order:

• the appearance of erosion;
• further dysplasia against the background of untreated erosive damage to the cervical mucosa;
• the development of an oncological tumor, when the process of degeneration into atypical cells occurs.

If a woman has previously been diagnosed with human papillomavirus and has also had cauterization of the erosion, the frequency of visits to the gynecologist with mandatory testing should occur much more often.

1. Sexual intercourse with a partner who is already infected and a carrier of HPV. In some situations, even the use of a condom cannot completely protect the penetration of the virus, since its size is so small that it easily penetrates through the micropores of latex.
2. There is a possibility that if a person is a virus carrier, a woman can become infected through kissing.
3. Visiting baths, saunas and public places can lead to infection.
4. Weakened immunity.
5. Alcohol abuse.
6. Tobacco smoking.
7. Since the virus can live in the external environment for a long time, you should not use other people’s products and personal hygiene items: towels, washcloths, slippers, underwear.
8. Depression stress.
9. Venereal diseases.

The danger of papillomavirus

HPV 16 is the most dangerous and complex strain of the virus, which has a high risk of degeneration of benign erosion into a malignant tumor. The infection is transmitted during sex, but the household route of transmission cannot be ruled out, when sharing household items, such as towels, with an infected person.

It is important to diagnose the disease in the early stages of its development in order to begin timely treatment, preventing the occurrence of severe complications. Diagnosis of HPV involves taking a vaginal smear.

The danger of this type 16 virus is that the pathogen invades the cellular structure of human DNA, which significantly increases the risk of developing cancer. The likelihood of cancer increases if a woman has cervical erosion.

Symptoms

With papillomavirus, a woman may rarely experience any special and characteristic signs. But, if the following symptoms appear, it is necessary to contact your treating gynecologist for examination.

1. Burning and itching sensation in the vagina.
2. The likelihood of lymph nodes appearing in the groin area.
3. Discharge, bleeding during sexual intercourse.

With human papillomavirus there are no characteristic symptoms: the nature and intensity of vaginal discharge does not change, the smell remains the same. But when HPV types 6 and 11 are affected, genital warts may appear.

It is impossible to detect highly oncogenic HPV without the use of diagnostic examination methods.

Cervical erosion is also asymptomatic in most cases. But some women experience the following signs:

• spotting during the period between menstruation (most often occurs after sexual intercourse, gynecological examinations, douching and other manipulations that injure the cervix);
• increased duration and intensity of menstruation;
• copious whitish discharge, sometimes with an unpleasant odor;
• discomfort in the lower abdomen during urination and sexual intercourse.

If these symptoms appear, you must undergo a gynecological examination. The doctor will determine the cause of the discomfort and, if necessary, prescribe treatment.

Pseudo-erosion or true erosion

Damage to the soft tissue of the uterus and erosion implies the development of a benign process, which is characterized by the appearance of erosive foci. This disease poses a threat to a woman's reproductive health if it is not treated promptly. Provoking factors causing the development of the pathological process:

• mechanical damage to organ tissue;
• difficult childbirth;
• a woman’s history of abortion;
• infectious diseases transmitted through sex;
• promiscuous sexual relations.

All these factors cause the mucous membrane of the cervix to be constantly injured, microscopic cracks appear on it, which creates a breeding ground for the development of infectious and inflammatory processes.

The difficulty in timely detection of the virus is that it is practically impossible to detect it on your own, since there are no specific signs. As erosion complicated by papillomavirus worsens, the likelihood of successfully conceiving a child decreases.

Pseudo-erosion is characterized by the rapid growth of ulcerative formations (visible visually). The color of the epithelium is bright red, and as this process develops, the woman experiences discomfort.

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Diagnostics

Any change in the tissue of the cervix is ​​a reason for a detailed examination. Typically, erosion can be detected during a standard gynecological examination. In appearance, it resembles a red spot.

For erosion and HPV, a cytological examination is performed. Further tactics of action are determined depending on the results of cytology. If, as a result of the examination, it is determined that the patient has dysplasia, then colposcopy and biopsy of the affected areas are prescribed. After clarifying the diagnosis, the most appropriate treatment tactics are selected.

The following methods are used to detect HPV:

• polymerase chain reaction;
• hybridization;
• in situ hybridization.

Most often, the first of these diagnostic methods is used. It allows you to detect the HPV virus in vaginal secretions. The PCR method allows you to accurately say what type of virus affects the body.

Hybridization makes it possible to find out whether the body is affected by highly oncogenic or low-oncogenic HPV; it is impossible to determine the specific type of virus.

It is impossible to diagnose human papillomavirus infection based on the results of a blood test.

These methods are implemented in the Digen test, which determines the HPV spectrum and viral load - a quantitative characteristic that is important for assessing the effectiveness of treatment.

When HPV is detected, it is necessary to undergo a full gynecological examination every six months: do a colposcopy and a smear for oncocytology, or better yet a PAP test, for the timely detection of cancerous and precancerous changes in cells.

To avoid cervical cancer, a woman should consult a doctor regularly or when any symptoms are detected for a diagnostic examination. To identify erosion, a gynecological examination is carried out with the obligatory taking of a smear.

In most cases, a visual examination is enough for the doctor to determine erosion and the presence of papilloma. But even if these indicators are detected, further examination is necessary. A biopsy and colposcopy are performed if dysplastic disorders are detected in the integument of the cervix. Cytological examination is carried out by the Papanicolaou method, which is divided into 5 classes:

• Classes 1 and 2 indicate the absence of any disturbances in the tissue structure;
• in grade 3, it is necessary to conduct auxiliary studies to identify pathologies;
• Grades 4 and 5 confirm the presence of malignant tumors.

Indications for seeking medical help

Cervical erosion with HPV are similar in that there is no symptomatic picture in the early stages of both pathological processes. The appearance of certain signs is associated with weak immunity or the development of complications. Symptomatic picture, which is a reason to consult a doctor:

• discharge in the middle of the cycle, abundant, often with clots;
• pain in the lower abdomen, spreading to the lower back, mammary glands;
• painful and uncomfortable sensations during intimacy;
• the presence of an unpleasant odor in the vagina;
• painful, difficult urination.

Source: https://one-zdorov.ru/eroziya-sheyki-matki-lechenie/

3 effective folk remedies for human papillomavirus on the cervix

Human papillomavirus is considered a common disease; it affects men and women equally. Moreover, it is quite dangerous and serious, and if it is not treated promptly, it can cause serious complications that can be life-threatening.

Cervical human papillomavirus is common. During it, the formation of papillomas in the uterus from epithelial or connective tissue is noted.

Every woman should definitely know what folk remedies can prevent the process of growth of papillomas on the cervix.

All about cervical papillomavirus

Cervical papillomavirus is a disease that is accompanied by the appearance of a benign neoplasm, causing a change in the structure of epithelial tissue.

It is imperative to know the main reasons that cause the appearance of this disease. The main factor leading to the appearance of cervical HPV is considered to be unprotected sex with a partner who is a carrier of the virus.

It is also worth highlighting other reasons:

• increased alcohol consumption;
• smoking;
• depressive states;
• stressful situations;
• reduced immune system. This will only worsen the condition; low immunity is accompanied by a sharp loss of strength and ensures easy penetration of pathogenic organisms into the body, including HPV.

Often, a gynecologist can detect damage to the cervical mucosa by the papilloma virus visually. Upon careful examination, it can reveal numerous growths of various sizes and shapes. With a long course of infection, growths of a pointed type are formed - condylomas.

The disease usually occurs without symptoms, and the woman does not even experience any discomfort. In some cases, indirect symptoms may be observed, which can be caused by damage to the formation or inflammation:

• pain during sexual intercourse;
• burning and itching may occur in the outer vaginal area;
• the appearance of an unpleasant odor;
• increased size of lymph nodes;
• There may be bleeding in the vagina after sex.

The Epstein Barr virus appeared quite recently, which experts are actively studying. However, the nature of this disease, as well as its origin, has not yet been identified. This is a type of herpetic infectious process, the carrier of which is a person.

In this case, pathogenic organisms can actively accumulate on the mucous layer of the tongue of the tonsils, the tonsils then enter the bloodstream and spread throughout the body. Over time, they begin to settle on the mucous membrane of the cervix, spleen, and liver.

The virus infects beta lymphocytes - these are cells that ensure the stability of the immune system. This leads to the fact that the body cannot fully resist the infection and eliminate it on its own, for this reason it rapidly progresses and becomes active.

The herpetic virus is especially dangerous during pregnancy. It can cause complications and unpleasant consequences. If the virus infects the cervical mucosa during pregnancy, bleeding, miscarriage, or intrauterine growth retardation may occur.

If the disease occurs in the acute stage, the following symptoms may appear:

• temperature rise above 39 degrees;
• lymph nodes throughout the body may become dense;
• the face, neck and mucous layer of the oral cavity may swell;
• state of lethargy;
• rapid fatigue;
• muscle pain.

It is advisable to immediately visit a doctor if you identify the above symptoms. He will conduct diagnostics, establish a diagnosis and prescribe appropriate treatment. The specialist must select all medications and dosage depending on the patient’s condition.

Folk remedies for human papillomavirus on the cervix

In order to eliminate folk remedies for the human papillomavirus on the cervix, including HPV, you can use folk remedies. They can be used independently, but it is advisable to consult a doctor first.

Important! When preparing preparations from natural ingredients, be sure to follow the schedule. It is also worth considering the number of components used; they must be taken in the specified proportions.

Herbal infusion

To strengthen the immune system, you can use herbal infusion. It will also help eliminate the first signs of the papilloma virus on the cervix. The preparation is quite simple, but it turns out very useful. It also has no contraindications.

For preparation you will need the following components:

• Melissa;
• plantain leaves;
• dandelion root;
• horsetail;
• nettle.

All of the above medicinal herbs are taken in equal quantities and cut into small pieces. 1.5 tablespoons of the herbal mixture are poured into the pan and 500 ml of water is poured. Place the container on the fire, heat and boil for about 5-7 minutes.

Next, remove the pan from the heat, wrap it in a towel and leave to steep. After two hours have passed, the infusion can be taken 2 large spoons half an hour before meals. It should be taken three times a day.

Pine needle decoction

A decoction of pine needles can strengthen the immune system, and it also increases the body’s protective properties and increases resistance to HPV. How to prepare and take:

• For preparation you will need 2 large spoons of pine needles. It must be pre-rinsed under running water;
• the needles should be placed in a container and filled with hot water (250 ml);
• place on the fire, boil for a quarter of an hour and remove;
• after this, the decoction is infused for some time;
• strain and squeeze thoroughly;
• to improve the taste of the broth, you can add a little honey or sugar to it;
• You should take 20 ml three times a day - morning, lunch and evening.

When treating cervical papilloma, you can use various essential oils. They help strengthen the immune system and speed up the healing process.

Features of application:

• essential oils can be added to the bath;
• You can take baths several times a week;
• It is not necessary to completely immerse yourself in the bath; essential oils can be added to the basin. In this case, seated treatment procedures can be arranged;
• for HPV of the cervix, you can use castor oil, lemon, celandine and pine needles.

Doctors for cervical papillomavirus can prescribe interferon-containing drugs. They can be prescribed systemically and locally in the form of suppositories. Medicines of this type make up for the lack of interferon in the body, which suppresses the activity of the virus.

For cervical HPV, the following medications may be prescribed:

• immunomodulators and stimulants – Likopid, Taktivin, Viferon, Cycloferon;
• with antiviral effect - Panavir, Keravort;
• medications that restore microflora - Laktafor, Acylact;
• with anti-inflammatory effect - Ibuprofen, Nimesil.

Cervical papillomavirus is considered a dangerous pathological process that many women may not notice for a long period. And upon examination, it may turn out that the infection in the body has been developing for a long time and has already managed to cause serious harm.

The main danger of HPV is that the disease can eventually develop into cancer. But the oncological process spreads quickly and is very difficult to eliminate. This can cause cancer of the cervix, vagina and female genitalia.

In order to prevent all the unpleasant consequences of the papilloma virus, doctors recommend vaccination. The use of recombinant drugs prevents the occurrence of cancer.

When a vaccine is introduced into the body, the following processes are observed:

• proteins provoke the synthesis of antibodies;
• immunity remembers new components;
• when viruses enter, the body detects them and becomes active;
• then the destruction of dangerous oncogenic compounds occurs;
• papillomaviruses do not penetrate the genitals.

Every woman must know that the papilloma virus is a dangerous disease that must be detected in time. It can cause serious complications, including cancer. It is advisable to regularly visit a doctor, closely monitor your condition and carry out prevention using folk remedies; all this will help protect yourself from the dangerous HPV disease.

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Source: https://sheika-matka.ru/drugie-zabolevaniya/narodnye-sredstva-ot-virusa-papillomy-cheloveka/

What is the connection between HPV and cervical erosion?

Healthy cells of the human body tend to turn into sick ones. This process is observed with cervical dysplasia, which is also called erosion. The disease is unpleasant, as ulcers appear on the mucous membrane, causing constant discomfort.

There is no point in postponing treatment for erosion, as failure to see a doctor in a timely manner will only complicate its course. There are different approaches, including vaccination against papilloma and cervical cancer, but only a specialist can prescribe the correct treatment.

Among the causes of dysplasia is the human papillomavirus (HPV). It is present in the body of 90% of women, but in most cases it does not manifest itself. When HPV enters the active stage, with regular visits to the gynecologist, it can be detected and treatment can begin before the infection develops into erosion.

Erosion and pseudo-erosion

Erosion damages the mucous membrane of the cervix. The disease causes dark pink ulcers of varying sizes. Thus, healthy tissues turn into damaged ones and can become a threat to a woman’s reproductive health. The reasons for their occurrence are different, including:

• damage to the mucosa;
• childbirth;
• abortion;
• frequent change of sexual partners;
• intense sex life.

All processes that threaten even minor damage to the internal cavity can cause infection, the development of an inflammatory process, and as a result, dysplasia.

In addition, a common cause is the papillomavirus, which has certain features that can change cells in the cervical mucosa. HPV is very insidious. Its presence in the body is difficult to detect independently.

Therefore, frequent reasons for visiting a doctor are increased discharge, unpleasant odor and discomfort during urination.

Cervical erosion can always be prevented if you take good care of your body and visit a doctor at least once a year.

Pseudo-erosion cannot be called a disease; it is rather an anatomical feature of women under 30 years of age. It is caused by exposure to an acidic environment, which provokes the replacement of squamous epithelium with columnar epithelium.

Its rapid growth resembles the appearance of ulcers only on the outside of the vagina and becomes visually noticeable. The bright red epithelium causes discomfort, so you should consult a doctor immediately.

During the tests, it is examined for the presence of malignant cells to rule out cancer and to check how deep the inflammation has penetrated.

HPV and its danger to women's health

But let's return to one of the main causative agents of cervical erosion - HPV.

It is important to remember that the virus is contagious. It is transmitted sexually and through household contact, and also occurs if a person’s immunity decreases. The biggest threat is that today there is no effective treatment for HPV, and the only way to get rid of it is to improve your overall health. Among the most important features it is also worth highlighting that:

• The virus is very easily transmitted from person to person;
• There is no single approach to treatment, so the doctor always selects an individual program;
• The virus progresses fastest in an exhausted body;
• For a long time, you may not know that you are infected, since it does not manifest itself in any way.

At first glance, everything seems scary, but papillomavirus is treatable. Once you receive your test results, be sure to look at what type is detected. The doctor must take this into account, because there are categories of high levels of predisposition to cancer, so it is very important to identify them at an early stage.

HPV types 16 and 18

This is the designation for viruses that cause cancer. It is most often transmitted sexually, although there are cases of domestic infection. It is impossible to determine the type of virus based on symptoms. Outwardly, it manifests itself in the same way: first on the genitals, and later on the femoral part. Externally, the neoplasm looks like flat spots or resembles nodules.

As soon as you notice such manifestations, immediately contact your doctor. If your immune system is low, the disease spreads very quickly and can develop into a more serious illness.

Researchers say that HPV type 18 progresses the fastest. The tumor is growing rapidly and requires surgical intervention. To prevent the threat, you should monitor your health more closely. The reasons for contacting a doctor should be:

• Discharge in any quantity with clots.
• Regular pain in the lower back or chest.
• Discomfort, pain during sex.
• Unpleasant smell.
• Difficulty or pain when urinating.

In addition to the treatment prescribed by your doctor, if papillomavirus type 16 or 18 is detected, you should strengthen your immune system, helping the body fight the disease on its own.

Dangerous consequences

The papilloma virus is curable. For a healthy woman, three months to two years are enough to get rid of it. In rare cases, the infection develops into a precancerous or cancerous condition. Statistics say that in 84% of cases, oncology is caused by type 16 or 18.

It is impossible to say that all women diagnosed with cervical erosion and HPV develop cancer.

This complex disease is caused by many factors, and only when they coincide does it begin to progress. This is especially true for young women.

Only in a particularly severe condition does dysplasia together with papillomavirus give reason to assume a precancerous condition or raise suspicion of cancer.

Treatment

The process of treating erosion and HPV is long, and at certain stages quite unpleasant. It cannot be avoided, since the threat is too great, and an integrated approach will allow you to get rid of these problems in a few months. The beneficial environment for the spread of the virus and ulcers on the cervix is ​​destroyed through medication and surgery.

There are several methods of therapy:

• Cauterization with a special solution.
• Cauterization using electric current.
• Cryodestruction is the application of liquid nitrogen to large ulcers for the purpose of further death of infected cells.
• Conization - used in difficult cases when a virus type 16 or 18 is detected under general anesthesia.

After cauterization, drug treatment follows, aimed at destroying the viral infection and restoring the microflora.

Preventive measures

Preventing a disease is always better than treating it. To stay healthy, you don’t need much, just follow simple rules that can protect you from the most terrible consequences.

To avoid becoming infected with the human papillomavirus and causing erosion:

• do not forget about basic hygiene rules;
• always use personal body care products (machines, towels, etc.);
• lead an active lifestyle without bad habits;
• use a vaccine against papilloma and cervical cancer;
• Don't try to cure yourself.

Erosion and HPV are not a death sentence. The main thing is to detect them in time, start treatment and reconsider your lifestyle.

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Source: https://opapillome.ru/vidyi-papillom/jerozija-shejki-matki-i-vpch.html

Erosion and HPV: the connection between diseases, can it be cured comprehensively?

Human papillomavirus looks like a DNA virus under a microscope. It provokes active division of epithelial cells, which leads to the appearance of warts and genital warts on various parts of the skin of the body.

Taking into account the structural features of HPV, doctors note its stability and high resistance to adverse effects. This means that it is impossible to completely eliminate it from the body. The risk group includes people who are sexually active, which is due to behavioral and hygienic habits, as well as a number of social factors.

Given the variety of types, it is necessary to know the manifestations of a viral infection and how to diagnose and treat it.

What causes uterine erosion?

Damage to the cervix can be caused by various sexually transmitted infections, trauma during sexual intercourse, childbirth, abortion and due to the use of an intrauterine device, chronic inflammatory processes, and hormonal disorders. A common cause of the development of erosive processes in the uterus (ectopia) is the human papillomavirus.

HPV as a cause of erosion

In the process of studying the development of malignant neoplasms, papillomavirus was discovered in more than 90% of cases as the cause of pathological processes. The virus has the ability to change and damage cervical cells. The danger is that it is very highly contagious and is often transmitted during sexual contact.

But carriage of the virus does not yet indicate the presence of pathological processes. In addition, HPV often remains in a latent form and does not outwardly show any activity. The results of ongoing studies have shown that the pathogen completely leaves the body in approximately 60% of women 15 months after infection.

The pathological development of the virus is influenced by the functioning of the human immune system.

Cervical papilloma and erosion at the same time

Erosion and HPV often accompany each other. The virus is most often transmitted during sexual contact. The pathogen can exist in the body for a long time without any manifestations. When immunity is weakened, its activation and the development of pathological processes are possible. Not all types of HPV lead to destructive processes in the cervix. HPV of high oncogenicity is considered dangerous.

Preventative measures for occurrence

Many people do not think about the fact that all these terrible illnesses can be avoided. So, it’s worth noting that you don’t need much at all for this:

• observe certain hygiene rules, for example, wash your hands before eating and after going outside, do not use other people’s machines and towels, always wear only your own slippers;
• lead a more or less active lifestyle, in the end you should stop drinking alcohol and smoking, and if you have a drug addiction, then get rid of it as soon as possible;
• make timely vaccinations, while vaccinations are injected at a young age from 10 to 14 years, they are called “Gardasil” and “Cervarix”.

Under no circumstances should you self-medicate. This can lead to irreparable consequences, and you will only worsen the situation and the overall picture of the disease. Discard traditional therapy, or consult with an experienced healthcare professional before using it. The article has been verified by the editors

Risk of developing cancer

The most dangerous are HPV types 16 and 18, which pose a threat of developing cervical cancer.

The combination of two pathologies of the female reproductive system, such as HPV carriage and cervical erosive processes, increases the risk of developing oncological processes. Among all papillomaviruses, HPV 16 and 18 are considered the most dangerous.

Most often, cancer is detected with HPV 16. HPV 18 is in second position in the frequency of cancer. The main reason why viruses acquire an active form in the body is weakened immunity.

The table shows the pathological changes caused by HPV.

Pathological processes in the cervix
Pathological changes	Description
Erosion	The process of displacement of columnar epithelium to the vagina while the structure and functions of the cellular epithelium remain unchanged. The difference in conditions between the cervical canal and the vagina leads to damage to the cylindrical cells, and damage occurs - erosion.
Dysplasia	Modifications in the structure of the squamous epithelium of the cervix, in which the structures, shapes of cells and the processes of their division are disrupted. In the transition section between the cervix and vagina, the columnar epithelium remains unchanged.
Cancer	This is a change in the structure and functions of epithelial cells, their unlimited growth and proliferation.

Cervical dysplasia is a precancerous condition of the mucous membrane that lines the surface of the cervix. Pathology can only be determined during examination using a colposcope and during clarifying tests. There are 3 forms of cervical neoplasia (CIN):

• CIN I is a mild form characterized by minimal changes in the cervical epithelium;
• CIN II - moderate form of dysplasia, indicating an average degree of destructive processes;
• CIN III is a severe form indicating cervical cancer. It is in this form that HPV strains 16 and 18 are detected.

Cervical erosion in the early stages may not manifest itself in any way, but then a stench and bleeding appear.

Types and which leads to cancer

There are many types of HPV.

All of them can be divided into three groups:

1. Negatively affecting the skin.
2. Causing pathologies of the genital organs.
3. Damage to the mucous membranes of organs.

The following types lead to cancer:

1. Skin cancer is caused by HPV types 2, 3, 5, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 15, 17, 19, 20, 36, 37, 46, 47, 50.
2. Cancer of the genital organs, namely the cervix, is formed after HPV types 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 54, 56, 66, 68.
3. Head cancer occurs due to exposure to HPV types 2, 6, 11, 16, 18, 30.

Diagnostics

A diagnostic examination for suspected erosive processes consists of examination using instruments and special devices, and laboratory screening to identify the degree of destructive processes in tissues and the causes of pathology. The examinations that a gynecologist prescribes for cervical pathologies are shown in the table.

Examination for suspected cervical erosion
Types of diagnostics	Characteristic
Gynecological examination	An examination by a doctor in a chair using mirrors allows you to visually assess changes in the structure of the cervix. After the examination, a decision is made about the need for additional diagnostics.
Colposcopy	Hardware examination with a colposcope, which allows you to magnify the area under consideration up to 10 times. During the examination, tests are carried out using medical solutions.
Carrying out a biopsy	Additionally, a colposcopy examination is performed, during which a suspicious area of ​​damaged tissue is excised for laboratory tests.
Histological examination	Study of material obtained during a biopsy.
Cytological analysis by Papanicolaou test	Diagnostics by scraping the mucous membranes of the cervix to identify HPV cells and other cellular pathologies.
Ultrasound	Examination of the internal genital organs using ultrasound.
Laboratory screening for HPV	Conducting laboratory diagnostics to identify HPV, its type and concentration level.
Immunogram	Laboratory screening of the immune system.

Treatment of cervical erosion due to HPV is aimed at fighting the virus and healing the damaged organ.

Enforcement measures

Considering the likelihood of a relapse, treatment measures are aimed at eliminating papillomatous manifestations. It is not possible to completely remove the virus, so all actions are aimed at increasing the body’s defenses, strengthening the immune system, and accelerating the regeneration of the mucous epithelium.

For HPV on the cervix, the treatment plan is selected individually based on the following factors:

• patient's age;
• survey data;
• nature and localization of lesions;
• state of the immune system;
• degree of oncogenicity of the virus;
• presence of concomitant diseases.

Doctors recommend mandatory examination of the sexual partner and, if necessary, a parallel course of treatment. During the therapy period, complete sexual rest is indicated, and upon completion, the practice of protected sex, namely, the use of a condom.

All therapeutic measures are conditionally divided into two groups:

• destruction or destruction;
• drug therapy.

Drugs

When identifying oncogenic HPV, as well as infectious and inflammatory diseases, an integrated approach is carried out using conservative methods.

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It assumes:

• carrying out nonspecific anti-inflammatory therapy;
• correction of immune and hormonal disorders;
• treatment with antiviral and antimicrobial drugs.

Anti-HPV tablets should have not only an immunomodulatory, but also an antiviral effect. To date, according to patient reviews, the following drugs are considered the most effective:

• "Viferon";
• "Genferon";
• "Allokin-alpha";
• "Epigen-intim";
• "Groprinosin";
• "Galavit";
• "Promisan";
• "Indinol".

The listed medications are rarely used as monotherapy. Most often they are prescribed in combination with other medications, since they have a good effect when taken together. Therapy can be supplemented with traditional medicine, which will help strengthen the immune system and increase the defenses of the human body.

Destruction

The most effective method for removing papillomatous formations on the cervix is ​​their destruction. This is done in several ways.

1. Destruction by laser, electric current, radio waves, liquid nitrogen, argon plasma or photodynamic exposure.
2. Removal using cytotoxic drugs. The most common are 5-fluorouracil and Podofilin.
3. Destruction through chemical compounds. Treatment of neoplasia with solcoderm, 3-chloroacetic acid.

It is important to know! The above methods are recognized as the most effective today, but their use contributes to the disruption of the anatomical and functional integrity of the female organ, which can lead to serious complications during childbirth.

How to treat cervical erosion due to HPV?

Cervical erosion caused by HPV needs to be treated in two ways. To do this, the fight against the development of viral pathology and the immediate cure of erosive processes on the cervix are carried out.

Since it is almost impossible to get rid of the papilloma virus, treatment is aimed at strengthening the body’s immune forces, immunomodulators and vaginal suppositories are prescribed to reduce inflammation in the uterine cavity.

The following methods are used for treatment:

Treatment methods for cervical erosion
Method	Description
Cauterization with special solutions	They are treated with various chemical solutions, for example Solkovagin.
Diathermocoagulation	Cauterization is carried out using high-frequency current.
Cryodestruction	Application of liquid nitrogen to the affected areas, which causes the inflamed cells to die. The method is used in the presence of large ulcers.
Laser vaporization	Removal of altered epithelium with a laser beam. The method does not leave scars and does not damage healthy tissue.
Removal using argon plasma	Under the influence of argon gas during its ionization, local heating and the process of coagulation of cervical tissue are carried out.

Strong immunity, a healthy diet and lifestyle, and hygiene are the main rules for preventing cervical erosion.

Source: https://medlazaret.ru/ginekologiya/vpch-i-eroziya-shejki.html

Viral erosion - Women's health

Diseases of the cervix have become significantly younger: half of the cases of cancer of this organ are found in women under 35 years of age. What new approaches does medicine offer to identify and prevent this urgent problem?

Elena Borisovna Savinova answers the readers’ questions . “Previously it was believed that precancer and cervical cancer “grow” from advanced erosion. Now they say it is caused by viruses. And where is the truth?

Alina Krosh, Anapa

— Cervical erosion is more of a household term than a medical one. It refers to all tissue changes visible to the naked eye when examining the cervix by a gynecologist.

To date, it has been proven that the cause of the development of cancer in this localization is a special infection - the human papillomavirus. This name unites a whole group of very common viruses. Scientists know more than a hundred types of them. But only some of them are dangerous. Some provoke the formation of warts on intimate organs, while others provoke painful changes in the cells of the cervix.

Infection with the papilloma virus usually occurs through intimate contact. A pest that has entered the body can sit in the body “silently” for months and years, without showing any symptoms.

But at this time it penetrates deeper into the cells of the internal genital organs and leads to their painful changes. At first, this is a state of mild dysplasia, in simple language - “slight erosion”.

In 80 percent of cases, it goes away on its own or is successfully treated without surgery.

Third degree dysplasia is already considered a precancerous condition. Accordingly, the approach to it is more serious. Surgery is often required.

“I heard about the insidiousness of the papilloma virus, which can cause cancer. Tell me how to reduce the risk of infection and is there any way to prevent cervical cancer?” Varvara L., Klin

— Human papillomavirus — HPV — is transmitted through intimate contacts. Therefore, the main method of prevention is not to have a promiscuous sex life. And use barrier contraception during intimacy. It is also important to have a strong immune system. In this case, the body itself will reject any infections.

A great way to protect yourself from trouble is to get vaccinated against the papilloma virus. It is best to get vaccinated in childhood or adolescence - before the start of intimate life. Then, when the body is as sterile as possible, that is, it is not familiar with infections.

However, scientists have proven that vaccination against papillomavirus is effective even at a later age. Two methods are currently used to diagnose infection: PCR and the so-called Digintest. The PCR method is better known, accessible and quite informative. It is capable of detecting at least 43 types of papillomavirus.

However, with an asymptomatic, “dormant” infection, this is not always possible. And a newer and more advanced analysis comes to the rescue - the Daijin test. So far it is carried out only in large clinics and laboratories.

As for drug prevention of cervical cancer, the possibilities of medicine are still limited. To improve immunity, immunomodulators are prescribed.

Oncologists recognize the effectiveness of non-hormonal antitumor drugs - Indinol and Promisan. Their undoubted advantage is that they are accessible and can be prescribed in long courses.

Including in cancer patients after surgical treatment.

«I want to get vaccinated against the papilloma virus. But I don't know which one is better to choose. And according to what scheme should I be vaccinated so that the effect is maximum?”

Inga Shariy, Rostov

— In Russia, vaccination against cervical cancer is carried out with two drugs: Gardasil and Cervarix. Both are imported.

The Gardasil vaccine contains components against four types of human papillomavirus - numbers 6, 11, 16 and 18. The first two of them cause the development of genital papillomas, and the second two cause cervical cancer.

And the drug Cervarix protects only against two types of the virus - 16 and 18, but the most dangerous.

The drugs Gardasil and Cervarix cannot be alternated or replaced. The entire three-dose course must be given with the same vaccine. “I am 29 years old, and during an examination for hidden infections, two types of human papillomavirus were discovered. Is it really possible to get rid of it?

L. Samoilenko, Novorossiysk

— Strictly speaking, there is no panacea for the papilloma virus yet. This infection is unpredictable. Pharmaceutical companies offer a large number of drugs. You can use them, as well as anti-inflammatory suppositories, and means to normalize vaginal acidity. But the effectiveness of all these treatments has not been proven.

However, there is good news - the papilloma virus can leave the body on its own. Without any treatment at all. A strong immune system somehow expels it from the body. How exactly this happens is still unclear; this issue is only being studied.

Now about the risks. To enroll a patient in a risk group, a positive HPV test alone is not enough. You need to understand the condition of the cervix. How exactly does the virus affect it?

And for this you need to perform a cytological examination of a smear from the cervix and cervical canal - the so-called Pap test.

It can be done in a regular antenatal clinic, in a paid women’s clinic, or in a large commercial laboratory. The essence of the study and the method of taking the analysis are approximately the same everywhere.

But advanced clinics use more advanced technologies. There is less waiting time for results and, as a rule, better service.

A smear for cytology is taken during an examination in a gynecological chair. The doctor uses a special brush to scrape off the cells of the cervix. It doesn't hurt, just a little uncomfortable. The resulting material is then examined under a microscope.

Worse, if atypical cells are found, they are designated by the term “dysplasia”. This means that the papilloma virus has already penetrated the cervix and is disrupting its structure.

Even with a mild degree of dysplasia and a positive test for HPV, an in-depth examination of the cervix - colposcopy - is recommended.

“I'm three months pregnant. The doctor requires a test for the papilloma virus. I don’t understand why these extra examinations are needed?” Rita Orlova, St. Petersburg

“Unfortunately, the papilloma virus does not spare pregnant women either. Against the background of reduced immunity, this hidden infection awakens. And it is detected more often than in other women. Accordingly, the risk of viral infection of the cervix in expectant mothers increases.

Firstly, this is bad for the pregnant woman herself, since during this period all neoplasms develop much faster. A process that usually smolders for years can take months to form here. The unborn child may also be affected. He may become infected with HPV during childbirth. Most often, in this case, the baby develops a disease called laryngeal papillomatosis.

Therefore, expectant mothers should not “run away” from an HPV test. As they say, value yourself more. If it is detected, you will be prescribed local treatment - suppositories that normalize the acidity and microflora of the genital tract. And after giving birth, you should be registered and examined regularly. In this case, it will definitely not come to cancer.

Source: https://www.wh-lady.ru/virusnaya-eroziya/