Adenoma and prostate cancer
12.10.2016
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4.6 thousand
7 min.
The prostate gland, the size (normal) of which may interest men, plays an important role in reproductive function.
This is an unpaired hormone-dependent organ in men, the study of the size of which is a determining factor in making a diagnosis, timely detection of diseases and monitoring of therapy.
To understand the importance of the normal size of the gland, it is necessary to know its structure and location in the male body.
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A small, chestnut-shaped secretory organ called the prostate gland is located in the lower part of the pelvis. The gland rings around the urethra at the back in its initial part. In front of it are the pubic bones, behind it is the rectum.
The gland is divided symmetrically into 2 lobes, on the posterior surface of which there is a groove and an isthmus. In adulthood and old age, noticeable tissue growth in the isthmus area is possible. The linear dimensions for healthy men with preserved reproductive function were statistically verified:
- the length of the gland is 32-45 mm;
- width within 35-50 mm;
- thickness - 17-25 mm.
The structure of the gland includes muscle, connective and glandular tissue. The consistency of the organ depends on which of them prevails. Before the onset of puberty, the structure of the gland is represented mainly by the smooth muscle component.
The glandular part begins to develop with the onset of puberty. Several dozen glands have ducts that connect in pairs and open on both sides of the spermatic tubercle. All lobules of the prostate gland are surrounded by muscle tissue.
From the outside, the organ is covered by a capsule, the connective tissue septa from which extend deep into it.
The blood circulation of the prostate, which is closely connected with the vessels of the rectum and penis, also plays an important role. Such features of blood circulation provoke various disorders and blood stagnation, which easily explains the frequent development of inflammatory diseases of the gland.
Many nerve endings cause pain disorders of varying severity. Hormone dependence explains the structural changes that occur throughout a man's life.
Active growth of the gland is observed from the moment of puberty and ends by the age of 25. At this age, normal and stable levels of hormones will guarantee the proper functioning of the organ.
The second stage of structural changes can begin after 45 years of age, which is associated with many disorders.
The gland, as a secretory organ, influences the reproductive function of the male body. Its condition depends on the level of hormonal levels, regulated by the work of the endocrine glands.
The secretion secreted by the prostate gland is an important component of sperm.
It is necessary for the normal functioning of the male genital organs and serves as a protective and nutritious environment for germ cells, ensuring their advancement and maintenance of active life.
It contains enzymes, hormones, proteins and other necessary substances. A change in their concentration can lead to the development of serious disorders.
An important feature of the organ is its protective function. The muscular sphincter of the gland controls urination and prevents urine from entering the sperm environment. This is a kind of protection against the occurrence and spread of ascending infection. The protective function is ensured by specific immune factors contained in the secretion secreted by the gland.
It must be remembered that changes in the size of the prostate gland, characteristic of genitourinary diseases in men, lead to male infertility and impotence.
The size, shape and structure of the gland serve as a criterion for assessing the condition of the organ and will serve as a determining factor in the study. The prostate gland can be examined using several methods:
- 1. Palpation. The ability to easily palpate the gland through the wall of the rectum is ensured by its anatomical features and location in the male body. The palpation method of examination is carried out during the patient’s initial visit. In this case, all the characteristics of the gland are available. Determining its exact dimensions requires confirmation using other methods.
- 2. Ultrasound diagnostics. The most informative research method that determines the exact size of the prostate.
- 3. X-ray of the prostate gland. An invasive research method using a contrast agent, which provides a clear image of the gland and reveals small pathology. When conducting such a study, the patient needs preliminary preparation, which is associated with some inconveniences and is used very rarely.
Research methods such as ultrasound diagnostics require little preliminary preparation of the patient. Carrying out research and obtaining accurate results is only possible with a full bladder. To do this, you need to refrain from going to the toilet 3-3.5 hours before the procedure, or 1 hour before the test you need to drink 300-350 ml of water.
Ultrasound of the prostate in the practice of doctors is a reliable informative method and makes it possible not only to determine the exact parameters, but also to see possible changes. The examination is carried out in two ways: transabdominal and transrectal.
The TAUS technique is an external method of examination. When performing TRUS, the device's sensor is inserted into the lumen of the rectum, which makes it possible to obtain clear contours of the prostate. Intracavitary transurethral ultrasound technique is rarely performed.
The size of the prostate gland is determined by any chosen method, scanning with a sensor in different directions. The prostate gland should normally have a certain morphological characteristic.
The size of the gland varies according to age, hereditary predisposition, general condition of the body, and lifestyle.
Taking into account all the factors, you can think about the disease if you have symptoms of dysuria, pain in the lower abdomen and impaired potency.
The volume of an organ is calculated using a formula by multiplying the linear dimensions obtained from ultrasound by a factor of 0.52. The calculation method is based on the mass of the gland. This parameter for a middle-aged man is 25-30 cm3.
There is a formula that can be used to calculate the size of the gland by age. The result will be the product of the patient's full years by a coefficient of 0.13 and adding to it a constant value of 16.4. For example, the size of the prostate gland for a 60-year-old man will be 24.2. To determine the mass of the gland, it is necessary to obtain the product of the volume by a factor of 1.05.
It is mandatory to study the structure of the gland to determine normality and pathology. The symmetrical arrangement of the lobes and their morphological structure are assessed.
Improper development of the isthmus will lead to the appearance of prostatitis. Thickening and expansion of the prostate in this place will contribute to compression of the urethra and disruption of the outflow of urine.
In a number of pathologies, there is a loss of homogeneity of the structure, and the formation of cysts and tumors is possible.
Diffuse changes will indicate dysplasia and hyperplasia. The fact that some diseases may not always manifest any symptoms in the initial stages indicates the threat of developing serious complications.
Regular preventive screening should be a priority for men. Timely measures taken to identify changes in the functioning of internal organs will allow you to maintain health at the proper level for many years.
The main reasons for the occurrence of prostate pathology and the development of diseases include the sedentary lifestyle of modern men, which has a negative impact on the functioning of all organs and systems.
Lack of physical activity causes stagnation in the pelvic organs and will inevitably lead to the development of inflammatory processes, the volume of the gland will change and its normal functioning will be disrupted.
Quite common reasons that disrupt the condition of the prostate and lead to diseases are considered to be harmful industries, any stressful situations, and hypothermia.
Changing a man’s sexual behavior also plays an important role. The lack of regular sexual contact weakens the normal functioning of the gland, which will entail a change in its basic characteristics. Casual sexual intercourse can cause sexually transmitted or other genitourinary diseases that significantly undermine men's health.
Age-related changes and hormonal imbalances often lead to prostate diseases. Timely examination and adequate therapy in the early stages will prevent further development of the disease and the occurrence of possible complications.
- The popularity of jobs associated with restriction of movement, decreased interest in sports, poor and irregular nutrition, lower living standards and everything associated with this have contributed to an increase in the number of prostate diseases among young men.
- Signs of changes in the size of the prostate gland, which are in most cases the same for all diseases, include:
- change in the nature of urination and the appearance of this need at night;
- feeling of incomplete emptying of the bladder;
- possible and over time difficult to control spontaneous leakage of urine;
- violation of potency;
- presence of bloody discharge in urine and semen;
- the appearance of pain in the perineum and lower abdomen.
Detection of such symptoms requires a detailed examination and immediate initiation of adequate treatment. Ensuring a stable result of the measures taken is possible with an individual approach to each patient.
Understanding the seriousness of the situation and following all the recommendations of the attending physician will allow the man to achieve the desired results.
Simple preventive measures can ensure normal functioning of the prostate gland and prevent an increase in its size.
The main condition for maintaining men's health is maintaining an active lifestyle, the absence of bad habits and proper nutrition. Lack of physical activity will inevitably lead to stagnation of blood in the pelvic organs and cause the development of inflammatory processes in the tissues of the gland, affecting its volume and disrupting normal functioning.
Chronic foci of infection in a man’s body, especially in the genitourinary system, can serve as a provoking factor in the development of prostatitis. The most common pathogens are chlamydia, trichomonas, ureplasma and E. coli. Constipation, hemorrhoids, anal fissures, and paraproctitis should not be allowed to appear.
It is necessary to exclude casual sexual intercourse and long-term abstinence, which equally impair the normal functioning of the prostate gland. The need to empty the bladder on time, avoiding stagnation of urine, is a method of preventing prostatitis and other diseases.
Overwork and poor sleep can cause a decrease in immunity, which is not a favorable factor in preventing the development of glandular diseases.
In situations with a previous illness and the presence of chronic forms of inflammatory processes in the male genital area, for the purpose of prevention, it is possible to prescribe medications and physiotherapeutic procedures.
Staying in the fresh air and playing sports should become a habit; they will help solve problems.
Source: https://4prostatit.com/prostate/adenoma-cancer-prostaty/predstatelnaya-zheleza-razmery-norma.html
The size of the prostate with adenoma: the norm for the volume of the gland during the disease
In order for the treatment of prostate adenoma to be competent and effective, the specialist, first of all, needs to determine the exact size of the organ affected by the disease.
Prostate volume is assessed both at diagnosis and during treatment - it is this parameter that has the most direct impact on the choice of therapeutic strategy.
Examination methods
When determining the size of the prostate and giving them an objective assessment (both during the initial examination and with a diagnosed adenoma), certain diagnostic methods are used:
- Initial examination, which involves manual examination . There is only one access to the prostate, located in the area of the bladder, through the rectum. A finger inserted by a urologist through the anus penetrates to a depth of about 5 cm - only in this way can the prostate gland be felt and an assessment of its size, volume and structure be made. In normal condition, the organ should not be more than 2.5-3 cm. If abnormalities are detected and a preliminary diagnosis is made, the patient is prescribed another procedure - examination with an ultrasound machine.
- Ultrasound examination, considered one of the most informative . It is called TRUS because it is performed transrectally. The ultrasound method allows you to more accurately assess the size, volume and weight of the diseased organ - during the treatment process, TRUS is used to monitor the dynamics of changes in the neoplasm in the prostate and provide postoperative monitoring.
- X-ray, which is used in extreme cases . Prostatography is carried out using a contrast agent - it stains the diseased organ and, thereby, highlights it in the pictures. X-ray reveals all existing pathologies quite clearly, however, carrying out such a procedure is associated with certain difficulties and requires preliminary preparation of the man.
The choice of a particular technique is influenced by the stage of the disease.
Prostate size: normal
In a newborn boy, the prostate gland is in its infancy and weighs no more than 1 gram. Its main growth occurs during the puberty of a young man - by the age of 18, the prostate gland reaches its maximum size and remains in this form for almost 40 years.
Without a doubt, prostate parameters are individual values, sometimes changing during a man’s life. But in acceptable sizes!
As soon as a man reaches 55 years of age, the prostate gland begins to decrease in volume - the reason for this is the age-related decrease in male hormones.
If a representative of the stronger half of humanity has certain endocrine pathologies that have a direct connection with deviations in sexual development, the organ may be smaller in size.
The parameters of the gland deviate from the norm and in the event of inflammatory or tumor processes, the size of a healthy organ should be known to every man.
The average acceptable size of the gland is 3 cm in length and 3 cm in width. The walls of the organ should ideally be no thicker than 2 cm. However, deviations are allowed in both the maximum and minimum directions.
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Minimum prostate size:
- width - 2.2 cm;
- length – 2.5 cm;
- thickness – 1.5 cm.
Maximum dimensions:
- width - 4 cm;
- length – 4.5 cm;
- thickness – 2.3 cm.
These dimensions become the starting point for calculating gland volumes . In principle, its parameters can be calculated automatically – during ultrasound examinations. However, doctors prefer to do this using basic mathematical operations - the error in such calculations is much smaller.
The volume of the gland in normal condition is from 20 to 30 cm3. In order for the calculations to be made correctly, doctors use a fairly simple formula: the man’s age is multiplied by 0.13 and added to the resulting number 16.4. The result is compared with the obtained calculated organ volumes. A healthy gland weighs from 16 to 19 g.
If deviations from normal parameters are significant, a specialist will diagnose gland hyperplasia or adenoma - a benign tissue growth.
Stages of adenoma development
The size of the prostate adenoma determines the stage of development of the disease - it is this fact that is reflected in the symptoms and influences the choice of treatment.
- First stage . The changes in the organ are insignificant, the increase in its volume does not exceed 30-50 ml, and the appearance of the first scars is noticeable. When the size of the gland increases to 4 cm or more, doctors diagnose an adenoma.
The patient complains of frequent and painful urination and sluggishness of the stream when passing urine. This is explained by the formation of stones in the urinary ducts , which impede the outflow of urine from the kidneys and create the preconditions for the formation of residual urine.
However, if the patient has not started inflammation (prostatitis), the process of synthesis and waste of prostate juice still remains within normal limits.
If the patient does not complain of severe pain, treatment will be conservative. Moreover, a significant role in it will be assigned to secondary preventive measures . The patient will have to change his views on nutrition, sports and many habits. Those who are into strength training will have to switch to swimming and walking.
Therapeutic and preventive measures at this stage of the disease are of great importance - if you do not pay due attention to them, the adenoma will grow and enter the second stage.
- Second stage . Pathological processes occurring in the gland become more pronounced. The volume of the organ reaches 60 cm3. Treatment with medications is no longer effective - the specialist strongly recommends surgery to the patient, during which parts of the overgrown tissue will be excised.
Complete emptying of the bladder at this stage is impossible - the volume of residual urine sometimes reaches 200 ml, and the bladder does not decrease even after emptying. To urinate, a man must strain. But, despite the efforts made, the procedure is constantly interrupted and becomes more and more lengthy every day.
The consequence of the expansion of the ureters is kidney failure, leading to intoxication of the body, skin problems, and a constant feeling of thirst.
Severe growth of the adenoma compresses the intestines, and pathologically altered prostate tissue grows into the rectum. The patient begins to experience constipation, bleeding and mucus discharge from the anus, and suffers from a constant urge to urinate.
If surgical intervention is abandoned at this stage, the adenoma will increase in volume and enter the third stage.
- Third stage . Decompensation. The volume of the organ affected by the disease reaches 100-120 cm3. The operation becomes possible only in an open form - it will not be possible to avoid the formation of a huge scar in such a situation.
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The patient begins to experience sexual disorders and problems with urination. The tumor, if not removed immediately, will disrupt the outflow of lymph, therefore, the lymph nodes will undergo deformation and swelling will appear.
The patient constantly wants to go to the toilet, but urination occurs in small portions and does not bring relief - the tumor, due to its large size, almost completely blocks the urethra.
Symptoms of intoxication become apparent - nausea and general weakness. They arise against the background of the development of decompensated renal failure. Refusing to drink fluids, the patient suffers from thirst - over time, dehydration occurs.
The 3rd stage is characterized by psycho-emotional disorders that appear due to constant pain, problems with urination, and sexual disorders.
Important point! The fourth stage of prostate adenoma is terminal . It is incompatible with life due to water-electrolyte imbalance.
Sizes of prostate adenoma by category
| Category | Volume | Size |
| Healthy organ | 20-30 ml | 1.5-2.3 cm |
| Stage I adenoma | Up to 50 ml | Up to 4 cm |
| Adenoma stage II | Up to 60 ml | Up to 7 cm |
| Stage III adenoma | Up to 120 ml | More than 7 cm |
In what cases is surgery necessary?
To treat adenoma in the initial stage, the patient is prescribed drugs belonging to the group of inhibitors. Take them for at least six months - in some patients the tumor decreases by 70%.
If the size of the prostate adenoma exceeds 42 cm3 (first stage), the patient has complaints of pain and difficulty urinating, and drug therapy has not achieved the desired results, surgical intervention cannot be avoided.
To reduce the traumatic consequences of the operation to a minimum, the size of the prostate adenoma is reduced to 63 cm3. For a tumor whose volume is more than 80 cm3, only open surgery is possible.
Surgical intervention can be performed not only as an open prostatectomy - modern medicine has quite a wide range of capabilities:
- Transurethral method - with penetration through the urethra.
- The laser method is low-traumatic and bloodless. Its essence is to burn out tissues affected by the disease and simultaneously carry out coagulation of blood vessels.
- Vascular embolization.
Not only an adenoma can provoke an increase in the size of the prostate gland - similar symptoms are characteristic of prostatitis and prostate cancer.
That is why the importance of timely and correct diagnosis is so obvious in the case of an increase in the volume and size of the prostate gland and in identifying the first signs of organ pathology.
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Source: https://ZdravMen.ru/zabolevania/razmery-prostaty-pri-adenome.html
What size should the prostate gland be?
The normal size of the prostate gland according to ultrasound is determined by sagittal and deep scanning of the organ during subsequent special calculations to determine the presence or absence of pathological abnormalities.
Calculations are made regarding its anatomical location at the neck of the bladder and the upper part of the urethra in three directions - longitudinal, transverse, anteroposterior.
Norm
According to average statistical data, in men aged eighteen to forty years, the size of the prostate gland should normally not exceed the following values in millimeters:
- In the longitudinal direction - 40;
- Transverse - 42;
- Anterior-posterior - 25.
Over time, all these parameters increase. With them, the volume of the organ increases.
Volume is considered one of the main indicators demonstrating normality or pathology. An adult man of reproductive age up to 40 years old has a prostate with a volume of 25 to 30 cubic centimeters.
Prostate volume calculation
Urologists usually use a universal formula to calculate the volume of the gland. It looks like this: patient’s age x 0.13 + 16.4, where 0.13 and 16.4 are special coefficients that reflect normal indicators. Thus, it is possible to determine the normal volume of the gland for any age.
The main reasons for the increase in prostate volume are:
- Age-related restructuring of parenchyma cells with weakening of their functions;
- General health;
- Lifestyle;
- Hereditary factors.
In itself, a slightly increased size and volume of an organ may not mean anything. Only the clinical manifestations of this transformation become critical for health:
- Difficulty urinating;
- Increased nocturnal diuresis;
- Pain in the groin;
- Weakened erection.
Ultrasound of the prostate gland and other types of research (for example, analysis of the level of free PSA in the blood) are aimed at differentiating the usual functional failure of the organ from its beginning organic degeneration.
How to distinguish normality from pathology
Ultrasound diagnostics of the prostate in men allows us to examine the shape, volume and internal structure of the prostate. This is important for compiling a comparative description of the various elements of the organ in normal and pathological conditions and determining strategies and tactics in the treatment of the disease and its prevention.
The shape of the gland should normally look like a round formation, divided into two symmetrical halves by a longitudinal groove encircling the urethra.
Each half of a normal prostate consists of three to five dozen lobes of a homogeneous, glandular structure that have their own ducts. At the moment of ejaculation, they release prostate secretions into the urethra, diluting the sperm.
The slightest change in the structure of this glandular parenchyma can lead to a disorder not only of sexual functions, but also of the entire genitourinary system. Most often this is expressed in the form of the following dysplasia pathologies:
- Inflammation in the prostate;
- Formation of benign adenomas or malignant tumors;
- The appearance of cystic capsules with secretion, lymph or blood contents;
- Prostatic hyperplasia followed by its atrophy.
A formal indicator of the presence of any prostatic disease in men of any age can be either an increased volume of the prostate gland or an abnormal PSA level. The mutual influence of these factors on each other has been proven by many years of scientific research.
What does an enlarged prostate indicate?
Abnormal enlargement of the prostate for a short time normally occurs mainly due to testicular hyperfunction caused by increased sexual activity. In other cases, it would be reasonable to assume the presence of a pathological focus or age-related changes that affect men's health.
The PSA content in her venous blood flow fluctuates around age-related indicators.
The size of the gland increases naturally throughout life. This is influenced by:
- A decrease in the level of active testosterone in the pelvic bloodstream with its compensation by estrogens, which stimulate the growth of the prostate;
- Gradual accumulation of dehydrated testosterone in the cells of the organ, which is not used in sexual practice and expands the volume of the parenchyma.
To a lesser extent, this is influenced by a hereditary predisposition to such reactions.
When examined on an ultrasound, a pathologically altered gland is striking due to its deformity, asymmetrical sides and blurred internal structure. Its volume can be increased due to a number of reasons:
- Infectious or mechanical inflammation and swelling of part of the tissue, as well as the entire organ as a whole;
- Formation of a purulent or blood-containing cyst in one of the glandular lobes;
- Tumor growths of benign or malignant etiology.
Which of the above can be accepted as a final diagnosis is helped by additional studies, including bacteriological analysis, a test for prostate-specific antigen and a prostate biopsy.
Typical prostatic pathologies
The most common diseases accompanied by enlargement of this organ include prostate adenoma and its cancerous hyperplasia.
Prostatitis is an inflammation of the membrane and parenchyma of the prostate, characterized by an increase in its volume due to the resulting edema.
This pathology can be caused by mechanical damage, infection, sedentary lifestyle, excess weight, complications after tonsillitis, flu, tuberculosis. The size of the gland may double in size.
A PSA blood test shows a corresponding increase in free antigen levels.
The disease occurs in acute and, if untreated, chronic form.
Acute prostatitis is accompanied by the following symptoms:
- Increased temperature;
- Frequent diuresis, including at night;
- Cutting and pain in the groin area when urinating;
- Weakened erection;
- Painful sensations during defecation.
Chronic prostatitis is characterized by:
- Aching pain and heaviness in the groin, pubic area;
- Mucous or purulent discharge from the urethra;
- Erectile dysfunction;
- Neurological disorders.
Treatment of both forms of the disease is aimed at relieving pain, normalizing diuresis and sexual function. In this regard, the most effective is the use of antibiotics, physiotherapy and herbal medicine, as well as alpha blockers, which lower blood pressure and facilitate diuresis.
Prostate adenoma is a benign and predominantly age-related pathology associated with parenchymal hyperplasia. Connective tissue nodules appear in dying cells. They grow towards the rectum or bladder, causing problems with bowel movements and urination.
The disease affects approximately half of adult men over 60.
In its development, the tumor goes through three stages:
- Compensated, characterized by increased diuresis, including at night;
- Subcompensated with the appearance of pain when urinating and periodic urinary retention;
- Decompensated, in which functional disruptions in the gastrointestinal tract, genitourinary system and general deterioration of well-being occur.
At the third stage, a benign tumor often degenerates into a malignant one. A large increase in PSA levels may indicate the development of cancer. In prostate cancer, it is sometimes ten times higher than normal.
In the case of cancer and decompensated prostate adenoma, surgical intervention is inevitable. For cancer, the most effective method is complete extirpation of the organ. For adenoma, more gentle methods are used, consisting of transendoscopic resection of damaged tissue.
During the recovery period, conservative therapy with the use of hormonal drugs, vitamins and antibiotics is indicated.
Conclusion
An enlarged prostate gland should alarm every man. Its first signs are manifested in frequent nocturnal diuresis, pain during urination, pain in the groin area, and problems with erection. They indicate developing acute prostatitis.
In order not to lead the development to a chronic form, which is fraught with more serious complications in the form of an adenoma and even a cancerous tumor, you should immediately contact a urologist.
Source: https://stojak.ru/prostatit/predstatelnaya-zheleza-razmery-norma.html
Prostate size: normal by age in men under 50 years old
- Modern diagnostic methods make it possible to identify diseases at an early stage and take the necessary measures in time.
- The prostate gland grows in volume throughout a man's life.
- This organ depends on androgens, which, depending on the age of the man, have maximum and minimum levels.
- Thus, growth is due to either a rise in testosterone levels or a decline.
- How the size of the prostate changes, the norm by age:
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- infancy - size no larger than a pea;
- 11-16 years - sharp growth of the organ;
- 18-22 years - the prostate reaches its maximum value;
- 40-50 years - the beginning of the second stage of growth, the size of the prostate gland increases every year.
Hormonal changes during adolescence cause the prostate gland to become significantly enlarged. The first burst of change in the prostate is characterized by a uniform expansion of the organ; the average size of the prostate in men under 50 years of age is approximately 3.5 cm in length and width and 2 cm in depth (thickness). Indicators may vary depending on body type, height and other characteristics of the body.
Normal prostate size limits:
- 2.6-4.5 cm - the distance measured from the edge of the lower lobe to the edge of the upper (transverse dimension);
- 1.6-2.2 cm - the distance that is measured from the anterior surface of the lobe to the posterior one (antero-posterior dimension);
- 2.2-4.0 cm - measurement of the organ’s width (transverse size).
The given sizes of the prostate normally correspond to the age of up to 50 years, that is, before the second growth spurt. Based on linear parameters, the volume of the organ is calculated; the normal volume of the prostate fluctuates between 22-26 mm3. If deviations from the given indicators are observed during reproductive age, then this is a sign of pathological processes in the gland.
The size of the prostate can be determined in medical institutions; for this purpose, various diagnostic studies are carried out: palpation, ultrasound, TRUS, tomography. In this case, the doctor examines not only the size, but also the structure of the prostate.
The gland consists of two halves in the form of a series of lobules, 15-25 in each, the halves are symmetrical and separated by a bridge. The seminal vesicles are located in the lower part of the organ; blood supply to the prostate occurs through an artery, which also supplies blood to the rectum and bladder.
A healthy prostate has a homogeneous structure, and diagnostics of a diseased organ reveals cysts, calcifications, tumors, and nodes.
Diagnostic methods:
- Palpation. It is carried out as an initial examination based on the clinical picture. An experienced doctor can determine whether the prostate is enlarged or not; the exact dimensions are calculated using other methods. During palpation, the elasticity of the tissue and the soreness of the organ are assessed.
- Ultrasound examination (ultrasound). The method allows you to find out the exact size of the prostate. The principle of echography is based on the ability of ultrasound to be reflected from the boundary of a homogeneous structure. Thus, tissues with different structures are displayed differently on the monitor. Ultrasound through the abdominal wall is not always effective, so if a clearer picture is needed, then TRUS is done. This study is carried out rectally and allows not only to calculate linear indicators, but also to clearly see the structure of the gland.
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The most highly accurate examination method that allows you to identify deviations from the norm and the nature of diseases.
Enlarged prostate size from the norm for ages up to 50 years can be caused by the following diseases:
- benign hyperplasia (adenoma);
- prostatitis;
- oncology;
- cystic formation.
This causes an increase in the size of the gland; if in youth it expanded evenly, then after 45-50 years its changes occur mainly towards the urinary tract.
This position has a bad effect on the process of urination, since the enlarged prostate gland puts pressure on the urethra, narrowing its lumen. The older a man is, the more likely it is to develop prostate adenoma.
The normal size of the prostate in men by age is calculated by a formula that calculates the volume: the figure is 16.4 by a factor of 0.13 multiplied by the man’s age . For example: 0.13*50(years)+16.4 cm3 =22.9 cm3. The volume limit should not exceed 30 cm3. The mass of the gland is determined by the product of volume and a coefficient of 1.05.
With age, the likelihood of developing not only benign hyperplasia, but also malignant formations increases. An enlarged prostate after 50 years requires a mandatory PSA blood test. Often, older men develop a chronic form of prostatitis, in which the size of the gland is higher than normal.
Prostatitis is an inflammatory disease of the prostate gland. According to the nature of the disease, it is divided into acute and chronic.
It can be a consequence of infection of the organ with pathogenic microflora or manifest itself as a result of congestion in the pelvic organs and the gland itself.
Young men are more often diagnosed with an acute form of the disease caused by pathogenic bacteria, and after 50 years, chronic subtypes of the disease are characteristic.
Increased size of the prostate gland with prostatitis occurs due to inflammatory processes in the tissues of the organ, accumulation of purulent contents and stones in the gland. As the disease gets rid of, the size of the prostate returns to normal.
Source: http://prostatitoff.net/simptomy/razmery-prostaty-norma-po-vozrastam/
What size can a prostate tumor be and how to measure it?
Prostate adenoma is a benign prostate tumor of a hormonal nature. The disease occurs when testosterone synthesis in the body sharply decreases.
The tumor is more often diagnosed in men over 45 years of age. However, sometimes the process affects young people too. The older a man is, the higher the likelihood of developing a tumor.
At the same time, the size of prostate adenoma will be noticeably larger than in young men.
Important
The normal size of the prostate gland in men of reproductive age should be no more than 40 mm in width and length.
During diagnosis, doctors always pay attention to the size of the pathological focus. After all, the clinical picture and treatment regimen for the disease depend on this. This article will describe what sizes of adenoma there are, what they lead to, and what treatment methods are effective for this disease.
Symptoms of hyperplasia
To understand the mechanism of development of a benign prostate tumor, you need to have at least a minimal understanding of anatomy. The prostate gland is the male organ of the reproductive system. The function of the organ is to secrete the secretion necessary for the synthesis of seminal fluid. Sperm is deposited in the testicles. During sexual intercourse, seminal fluid is expelled through the urethra. The same channel drains urine from the bladder.
If a man has signs of benign prostatic hyperplasia, there is an enlargement of the gland and, accordingly, urinary retention. In medicine, this condition is called a lower urinary tract symptom.
They are classified into obstructive and irritant symptoms. The first are characterized by the fact that a large prostate adenoma compresses the urethra, which leads to difficulty passing urine.
Irritating symptoms are associated with bladder overflow.
If a man develops prostate adenoma, the following clinical picture may be observed:
- Frequent, unbearable urge to urinate.
- Despite the fact that the urge is strong, a man cannot immediately completely empty his bladder.
- During the process of urination, discomfort, tension or pain occurs.
- Urine streams are usually intermittent and weak.
- During urination, the last point is a jerky, tense release of urine.
- A man goes to the toilet very often, every hour.
- The process of urination is accompanied by a burning sensation and pain.
If a man cannot go to the toilet “in a small way,” this indicates a severe form of prostatic hyperplasia. You should seek medical help immediately.
Determination of prostate size
prostate ultrasound
The normal size of the prostate gland changes throughout a man's life. In newborn babies, the organ is in a rudimentary state. The final formation occurs during the baby's growth. On average, iron reaches normal size at the age of 23 of a man’s life. With age, the gland becomes physiologically enlarged. The process must be monitored in order to promptly determine the pathology, and for this there are acceptable sizes of the organ.
Normally, iron increases at a slow, almost imperceptible pace. If the volume of the prostate gland increases at lightning speed, this indicates a pathological deviation.
Statistics show that pathological growth of the gland in men, on average, occurs at 60 years of age and older, but the risk group includes representatives of the stronger half, starting from the age of 40.
When a man reaches this age category, he must undergo annual preventive examinations with a doctor. The easiest way to determine the size of the prostate gland is by ultrasound.
There are 2 methods of ultrasound examination of the prostate:
| Medical name | The essence of the procedure |
| Transabdominal method | The study is carried out externally, through the abdominal wall. This is the most accessible and easiest way to determine the size of the prostate gland with adenoma and more. Today, such research is carried out in absolutely any medical institution. The study allows you to find out the size, volume and weight of the gland. The method has one, but significant drawback. During an ultrasound, the outline of the organ should be clear. If there are any external growths or excess body weight, the procedure will be ineffective because the picture will be distorted. |
| Transrectal method | Doctors consider this method to be more informative and accurate. Ultrasound uses a high-frequency probe that is placed in the rectum of the patient being examined. The picture during the examination is as accurate as possible, because There are no longer any structures between the colon and the prostate. The method allows you to thoroughly study the gland in normal conditions and with adenoma. The sensor shows the lobes of the prostate, the condition of the fatty tissue and the venous plexus of the gland. Displays stones, cysts, or areas of infection if present. |
If the prostate gland is not affected by a pathological process, it has clear, even contours and a uniform structure. Asymmetry should not be observed either. Normal sizes have the following boundaries:
- In the longitudinal direction from 24 to 40 mm.
- In the anteroposterior from 15 to 25 mm.
- Transversely from 27 to 42 mm.
If a man has reached the age of 50 - 60 years. A slight increase in these dimensions is acceptable.
To calculate the size of the prostate in case of adenoma and other diseases, you must first undergo a transtrectal ultrasound, and then make simple calculations based on the results. Doctors use the following formulas for this:
- The transverse, anteroposterior and longitudinal dimensions are multiplied among themselves, and then the resulting value is multiplied by a factor of 0.52. This calculation is called the truncated ellipse formula.
- If the mass of the prostate exceeds 80 g, then use the following formula: the transverse size of the gland is cubed and the value is multiplied by 0.52.
- If the mass of the organ is less than 80 g, then the volume is calculated as follows: the transverse and anteroposterior dimensions squared are multiplied by a factor of 0.52.
In a middle-aged man, the prostate gland should have a volume of 20–30 cm³. The volume of the prostate with adenoma will exceed these values.
With age, the size of the prostate changes, so the following formula is used for calculation: 0.13 × patient age + 16.4. To make an accurate diagnosis, it is necessary to know the mass of the gland. For this purpose, VOLUME OF IRON × 1.05.
Source: https://prostatitaid.ru/adenoma-prostaty/o-zabolevanii-adenomy/razmery.html
Prostate norm: what should be the size and volume of the prostate gland in men of different ages
Each organ in our body has a specific shape, size and function. If changes in these parameters appear, then the body signals about the pathological processes occurring, and you need to pay attention to this. The normal prostate in a person is determined by parameters - length, width, thickness, weight, volume.
Structure and main functions
The prostate gland is very elastic, consists of two symmetrical halves, they are separated by a septum. Each half consists of lobules; healthy men should have 30-35 of them.
The lobules have excretory ducts. The gland is located under the bladder, above the beginning of the ureter, its back part is close to the rectum.
The seminal vesicles are located in the lower part of the organ.
Its main task is the production of the hormone testosterone, which is responsible for the production and quality of sperm. It is not for nothing that it is believed that the prostate is the second male “heart”.
How to determine prostate volume
How to determine the size of the prostate yourself? Only an andrologist or urologist can determine the exact parameters using medical research:
- Palpation;
- TRUS;
- Magnetic resonance imaging;
- Prostatography.
The rectal palpation method is used during the initial examination by a doctor. It allows you to determine whether the gland is enlarged, its elasticity, or the presence of pain.
Ultrasound examination (ultrasound) provides more accurate information about the size of the prostate and its structure, but the effectiveness of viewing through the abdominal wall is difficult, and the data is distorted. Therefore, transrectal ultrasound is used.
You can compare the results obtained with the table below to understand whether there are deviations from the norm or not. Data on the size of the prostate gland in men according to ultrasound are averaged because there are individual characteristics.
| Comparison of acceptable ultrasound data for men (in millimeters) | |||
| Length | Thickness | Width | |
| Minimum | 25 | 15 | 22 |
| Normal | 29 | 21 | 30 |
| Maximum | 40 | 30 | 45 |
The most accurate research results are obtained using MRI. This method allows you to determine not only the size and volume of the prostate gland without errors, but also the presence of tumors, cysts, calcifications, and the patient does not experience discomfort.
In rare cases, when there are difficulties or doubts about establishing an accurate diagnosis, prostatography is prescribed - radiography with a contrast agent, it is carried out only after preliminary preparation of the patient.
How to calculate prostate volume
What should be the volume of the prostate gland at any age?
The volume of the prostate gland is calculated using the simple and convenient formula of A.I. Gromov, which doctors use, knowing the patient’s age:
Volume = 0.13 (years) +16.4.
You can also calculate the mass using a simple formula. Knowing the volume, you need to multiply this figure by a coefficient that is equal to 1.05.
It is believed that in men the size of the organ can vary, depending on the individual parameters of the man - age, weight, height, genetic heredity.
There are indicators of the size of the prostate gland, the upper limits of which are acceptable for a healthy man under 50 years of age. At reproductive age, the length of a healthy prostate is about 30 mm, width – 30 mm, thickness – 20 mm.
Source: https://prostatu.guru/diagnostika/norma-prostaty.html
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