Symptoms of cervical ectopia and methods of treating the disease

Ectopia can be found in almost half of women under the age of 40. After forty, the columnar epithelium is replaced with stratified squamous epithelium, so this disease cannot appear. Replacement is carried out using reserve cells and is called “squamous metaplasia”. Only women capable of reproduction and conceiving a child suffer from ectopia. What is it - cervical ectopia of the cervix, how does it manifest itself, and what methods are used to treat it?

The term “erosion” has long replaced the modern term “ectopia of the cervix,” but doctors use both terms. This disease also goes by such names as: endocervicosis, pseudo-erosion or cervical erosion.

How does cervical ectopia manifest in women?

Ectopia is a disease of the cervix. It looks like a red spot, which is located around the canal of the external opening. This spot consists of columnar epithelium and is located on the surface of the vagina.

What is cervical ectopia is shown in the photo:

Features of the cylindrical epithelium, which are characteristic of cervical ectopia

The columnar epithelium is responsible for the production of the required amount of mucus (lubricant) by the cervix. In the normal state, the cells of this epithelium are located outside the cervical canal and are concentrated in groups. These groups can take the form of a honeycomb, a glass, or simple stripes.

With ectopia, the columnar epithelium is displaced onto the vaginal surface of the cervix. The layer of inner epithelium begins to shift and partially displaces the outer epithelium (squamous) and forms a scarlet ring. A partial replacement is taking place.

Basically, this pathology is acquired under the influence of external influence. The probability of being born with this pathology ranges from 10 to 15 percent.

The epithelial layer displaced from the cervical canal does not pose a threat to health and life. But this process is complicated by diseases and inflammations.

Causes of cervical ectopia:

• Sudden changes in hormonal levels.
• The beginning of the inflammatory process of the genital organs, due to the penetration of infection.
• The presence of a traumatic factor.
• Presence of immunological disorders.

How do signs of the disease appear?

• Cervical ectopia in an uncomplicated form does not show symptoms. For prevention, it is necessary to regularly make an appointment with a gynecologist.

Complicated ectopia of the cervix is ​​manifested by a combination of precancerous changes (leukoplakia, dysplasia, cervical polyps) with severe inflammation.

If colpitis or cervical ectopia of the cervix with chronic cervicitis is present, then white discharge, scabies, contact bleeding and dyspaurenia can be observed.

Initial failures that lead to cervical ectopia can provoke menstrual cycle disorders or lead to infertility.

We recommend reading: menstrual cycle disorder - hyperpolymenorrhea.

Treatment of cervical ectopia with cauterization and radio waves

How is cervical ectopia treated using radio waves?

Before starting radio wave treatment, a mandatory diagnosis of cervical ectopia is carried out, which determines the shape and records how much the tissue has changed. A high-quality Surgitron device is used for treatment.

Destruction of cervical erosion using radio waves occurs by making an incision to crush tissue cells or without manual physical influence. The electrode, which is intended for surgical purposes, is made of turned wire.

It is he who simulates high-frequency waves.

When tissues resist the penetration of radio waves, heat is released, and the cells that are located on the path of radio waves dissolve and, under the influence of their weight, fall apart to the sides.

Destruction using radio waves is a convenient resource. It makes it possible to make a cut of any configuration and depth.

It can be used even for deep tissue layers. This method makes it possible to remove skin and mucous formations without suturing.

Radio wave cauterization of cervical ectopia prevents the occurrence of purulent and hemorrhagic complications.

How to treat cervical ectopia using cauterization?

Diathermocoagulation is a method that removes erosion using electric current. For many years, this method was considered the only true treatment for this disease. Also, no attention was paid to the patient's pain. Today, given how advanced modern medicine is, this method is being replaced by radio wave and laser surgery.

The method of cauterizing erosion with electric current is very outdated. Now such treatment for cervical ectopia will never be prescribed to a nulliparous girl. This method contains many disadvantages. There are also characteristic features, it is because of them that the method is still used.

Advantages and disadvantages of treating erosion by diathermocoagulation

Advantages:

• Availability of the method. This treatment can be provided in any clinic.
• Does not require special equipment.
• The cost of the procedure is affordable to everyone.
• The procedure takes no more than 20 minutes.
• If there are no complications, the patient is discharged home the same day.
• The operation does not require the use of anesthetics.
• Very effective, gives excellent results.

Flaws:

• Girls who have not given birth cannot be treated. This operation is performed on women with children who are not planning a subsequent pregnancy.
• Despite the quick discharge, rehabilitation will take 2-3 months.
• The procedure is very painful.
• During the procedure, a crust forms, which makes it difficult to remove the ectopia. Repeated procedures may be required.
• High risk of complications.

In case of non-advanced form, primarily in women who have not given birth, conservative treatment of cervical ectopia is used. This includes antibacterial and antiviral agents, suppositories for the treatment of erosion, oil ointments that stimulate healing, and hormonal therapy. Strengthening the immune system is mandatory.

Folk remedies for the treatment of cervical ectopia

Sea buckthorn oil is the most effective folk remedy for erosion. Its high biological activity accelerates the formation of new granulation tissue on open wounds. The oil has analgesic, bactericidal and anti-inflammatory properties.

Step-by-step treatment instructions:

• You need to moisten a cotton ball with warm water purified from organic and inorganic impurities. Clean the cervix from mucus with this ball and wipe with a dry cotton ball.
• At home, you can douche with a tincture of bodan rhizome. This root has cleansing and disinfectant properties. You can also douche with boiled warm water.
• You need to moisten a cotton swab with sea buckthorn oil. Insert it into the vagina and press firmly against the infected surface.
• The tampon is removed after about a day.
• It is recommended to carry out the procedure regularly for two weeks.

During treatment, observation by a gynecologist is recommended.

• Folk remedies and drugs from the pharmacy for treating scabies at home.
• About the treatment of uterine endometritis on the next page.

How to stop uterine bleeding: venerolog-ginekolog.ru/gynecology/medicament/kakie-preparatyi-pomogut-spravitsya-s-matochnyim-krovotecheniem.html.

How does cervical ectopia affect pregnancy?

If complications do not occur, erosion may be normal during pregnancy. Cervical ectopia after childbirth often disappears on its own . But if complications appear, then a personal approach to treatment is used.

Radio wave, laser and other types of surgical interventions are possible only after childbirth. Therefore, the gynecologist may prescribe tablets or vaginal suppositories that correspond to your period of pregnancy. Douching is possible only in extreme cases, and is carried out only in the presence of a doctor; the liquid for douching is prescribed by the doctor.

If oncology is confirmed at an early stage, then a consultation of doctors will decide the fate of the gestating fetus.

1. They will compare the risks that threaten the life of the woman in labor.
2. More details about cervical ectopia in the video:

Take care of your health. Make an appointment with a gynecologist in a timely manner.

Source: http://venerolog-ginekolog.ru/gynecology/diseases/ektopiya-sheyki-matki.html

Cervical ectopia: causes and treatment

The columnar epithelium lining the cervical canal may have an atypical arrangement, which leads to blurred boundaries between the cells and the vaginal component.

This pathology is a disease such as ectopia of the cervix, the causes and treatment of which are determined by the doctor after examination. This phenomenon is called false erosion; in itself it is not dangerous, since damage to the mucous membrane does not occur.

However, the disease requires medical attention; therapeutic actions depend on the type of ectopia of the cervical epithelium, since its uncomplicated form does not require treatment. Deformed cylindrical cells facilitate access for bacterial and sexually transmitted infections to the mucous membrane, and can also cause oncology, although they themselves do not cause cancer.

Classification of cervical ectopia

Modern medicine provides several classification options for pseudo-erosions formed in the cervix.

Ectopic cervix

According to the nature of the disease, fallopian tube disease is as follows:

1. recurrent, occurring again after treatment of the previous one, it can be detected 3-6 months after recovery;
2. non-recurrent, when it was possible to cure the inflammatory process the first time.

Cervical ectopia is divided into the following types according to the form of its occurrence:

• Uncomplicated. The disease is not accompanied by inflammatory processes, but in this case the presence of hidden foci is dangerous, which cannot be detected immediately.
• Complicated. In this case, ectopia of the cervix manifests itself against the background of other diseases, for example, vaginitis or endocervicitis. This type of change in epithelial cells is characterized by inflammation.

Another option for classifying ectopia is based on morphological characteristics that determine the composition of the columnar epithelium. In this case, a glandular form with the growth of glandular structures is distinguished, as well as a simple form, in which there are no symptoms of growth.

Important!

The main classification of cervical ectopia involves determining the origin of the disease, which is especially important in the chronic form of the disease. Accurate diagnosis will allow you to make the correct diagnosis and determine the need for therapy. In many ways, the answer to the question of how to effectively treat cervical ectopia depends on its origin.

Congenital

More than 50% of girls are diagnosed with congenital ectopia, and the search for an answer to why the disease manifests itself at such an early age should be carried out during the mother’s pregnancy.

Often, due to a hormonal surge during gestation, a negative effect on the fetus occurs. It is noteworthy that ectopia in childhood can go away on its own during the girl’s puberty. However, if this does not happen, the disease should be considered as a pathology.

Acquired

The main reason why ectopia occurs is a hormonal imbalance in the body. In turn, hormone imbalance can be caused by various diseases of the endocrine system, pregnancy and childbirth, abortion or inflammatory processes. In addition, any chronic disease or too early sexual activity may be to blame for the recurrence of ectopia.

Causes of the disease

When talking about the factors that lead to the appearance of pseudo-erosion, one should take into account the source of its origin. The congenital type of the disease is temporary and in 90% of cases goes away during puberty, while an acquired diagnosis always carries with it pathological consequences.

The appearance of ectopia as a result of pregnancy at an early age

It is important not only to determine in time the presence of neoplasms, but also to understand what type of cervical ectopia has; the main reasons for its appearance in medical practice are recognized as follows:

1. Sexual infections and inflammatory processes of the genitourinary system. Since the external genitalia have a close functional and physiological connection with the internal structure of the body, the inflammatory process of the mucous membranes of the vagina flows onto the wall of the cervix. The most aggressive bacteria for the cervical epithelium are considered to be gonococci and trichomonas, which can negatively affect the epithelium. Cell regeneration subsequently occurs, but in an incorrect form.
2. Early onset of sexual activity, as well as early childbirth. Both processes can injure the cervical mucosa. It is also worth considering the imperfection of the hormonal system under the age of 18.
3. A disorder of the hormonal system, which entails disruption of the menstrual cycle. The main danger of hormone dysfunction is its negative impact on the uterine epithelium as a whole.
4. Too frequent damage to the cervix due to constant abortions and childbirth with increased trauma. Often after delivery with complications, cauterization of the cellular epithelium is performed.
5. Promiscuous sexual intercourse with the lack of contraception increases the risk of cervical ectopia. In addition, such a lifestyle leads to sexually transmitted diseases and unwanted pregnancies.

Regardless of the reason for the appearance of displacement of the mucous epithelium of the cervix, an accurate diagnosis of the disease is required, which will allow choosing the right treatment tactics.

Important!

Any hormonal imbalance can provoke structural changes in the organ cavity.

Symptoms of cervical ectopia

Modern medicine does not recognize any symptomatic picture of the disease, since there are no specific signs indicating this diagnosis. Usually the symptoms are associated with diseases that accompany ectopia in a complicated form.

Important!

In the case of an uncomplicated version of the disease, the symptomatic picture is completely absent. Patients begin to wonder what it is and how cervical ectopia is treated already when the disease develops into a complex form.

Acquired ectopia becomes complicated in 80% of cases; medical intervention, cauterization and medication are necessary in this case. Ectopia can be detected during a gynecological examination, during which the doctor diagnoses the pale pink color of the stratified epithelium covering the cervix.

Detection of cervical ectopia during examination by a gynecologist

There is also a red spot on a white-pink background; it surrounds the cervical canal along the outer part.

Among the many symptoms that define cervical ectopia, the following are distinguished:

• Changes in the menstrual cycle, accompanied by pain and problems with reproductive function. Typically, such symptoms appear when ectopia is associated with hormonal dysfunction.
• Signs of sexually transmitted infection in the presence of an inflammatory process in the vagina. They manifest themselves when ectopia occurs against the background of sexually transmitted and bacterial lesions, swelling of the external genitalia, redness of the mucous membranes, swelling of the surrounding tissues. During a gynecological examination, a white coating is revealed, and the size of the ectopic area itself is not reliably determined.
• Itching and contact bleeding.

Important!

Since there is no symptomatic picture clearly indicating the presence of ectopia, it is important to undergo regular examination by a gynecologist. The disease can only be determined in the absence of signs of inflammation and menstrual irregularities in a doctor’s office.

Differences between ectopia and cervical erosion

In terms of external signs, erosion and ectopia are practically no different from each other. However, the first is an exclusively external change in the cellular epithelium of the organ mucosa, which does not entail negative consequences for the hormonal and reproductive system as a whole.

Erosion usually occurs due to purely mechanical damage.

The difference between ectopia and cervical erosion

Ectopia always implies a disorder in the functioning of some system, most often hormonal, or the presence of infectious and inflammatory processes. Structural changes in epithelial cells of this type, which are not subject to medical therapy, can lead to cancerous tumors.

Treatment of the disease

Uncomplicated congenital ectopia is the only variant of this disease that does not require medical intervention. Constant monitoring of the dynamics of the disease will be sufficient, with the help of which it will be possible to identify any deviations in the state of pseudo-erosion and stop them in a timely manner.

The situation is different if there is complicated ectopia of the cervix, treatment in this case should take into account all the changes that exist at this stage.

Equipment for cauterization of cervical ectopia

Therapeutic methods imply a complex effect on the body, including the following areas:

1. taking correctly selected hormonal drugs that will restore the lost endocrine balance;
2. carrying out anti-inflammatory therapy if a sign of inflammation is diagnosed on the cervical mucosa;
3. treatment that improves body tone and restores immune resources;
4. surgical treatment, including cauterization of ectopia using cryogenic technologies, chemical coagulation, laser cauterization and radiosurgery.

The choice of therapeutic method depends on the doctor’s decision, since even the use of a laser has its own specific indications. The use of one or another method of influencing ectopia is determined by the changes present and the stage of disease progression.

Conclusion

Cervical ectopia implies structural changes in the epithelial cells of the mucous membrane that occur due to various disorders in the hormonal system, as well as against the background of inflammatory processes. Since uncomplicated ectopia is difficult to diagnose, the disease can be detected already at a progressive stage.

Video: Cervical ectopia. Cervical erosion

Source: https://detieco.ru/encyclopedia/zabolevaniya/ectopiya-sheyki-matki/

Cervical ectopia - Symptoms and treatment methods for the cervix, expert advice

Last updated on August 13, 2017 at 01:05 pm

Reading time: 5 min

To answer the question of what ectopia is, it is necessary to understand the essence of the process occurring in a woman’s body.

The term ectopia refers to the movement of the layer of cells and mucous membrane (epithelium) covering the cervical canal to the outer part of the entrance to the uterus.

This false erosion is characterized by the growth of the inner layer of the uterine canal into its outer part and manifests itself as redness, noticeable during a medical examination.

That is why it is necessary to know the symptoms of a possible disease in order to promptly treat cervical ectopia in order to eliminate complications.

Causes and symptoms of pseudo-erosion

Typically, gynecologists believe that ectopic columnar epithelium of the cervical pharynx is normal in 40% of women of childbearing age. Based on its origin, it is divided into congenital and acquired and in the absence of pathology is invisible to perception.

The fact is that between the external pharynx and the anatomical internal pharynx of the cervix, the cervical canal is located. If the vagina and external os are covered with stratified squamous epithelium, then the canal is covered with columnar epithelium, which produces mucus. It acts as a protective barrier for the body and at the same time promotes the penetration of sperm.

Normally, this cylindrical epithelium should not extend beyond the canal, and if this happens, the process is called ectopia of the cervix.

Congenital pseudo-erosion occurs as a result of hormonal imbalance or genetic predisposition. If an acquired disorder manifests itself, it is necessary to establish the reasons why cervical ectopia may occur.

So, the causes of acquired false erosion may be:

1. disruption of the body's immune system;
2. injury to the external os or cervical canal;
3. infection and associated inflammatory process;
4. ovarian dysfunction;
5. genetic predisposition;
6. changes in hormonal levels.

Even acquired pseudo-erosion may not manifest itself in an uncomplicated form, and only pathological changes. such as ectopia of the cervix, and its symptoms give cause for concern.

The following symptoms may be a reason to consult a doctor:

• o presence of bleeding after sexual intercourse;
• o pain that occurs during intimacy;
• o itching sensation;
• o presence of leucorrhoea;
• o disturbance in the menstrual cycle.

If there is at least one of the signs listed above, you must contact a gynecologist for a comprehensive examination.

If pathology is detected, ectopia of the cervix and its treatment at an early stage always gives the best result and is a guarantee of effective therapy.

Methods for diagnosing ectopia

The existing ectopia of the cervix is ​​confirmed by visiting a gynecologist, who can make a diagnosis and visually determine the need for further procedures.

Acquired pseudo-erosion can be established from the patient’s words or on the basis of a medical record. The need for treatment can be reliably established only after a comprehensive laboratory and clinical diagnosis.

A confirmed diagnosis is made based on the following data:

1. analysis of the development of the disease, the appearance of pain, discharge, leucorrhoea, itching;
2. the presence of hereditary, transmitted and sexually transmitted diseases;
3. terms and dates of the menstrual cycle;
4. the presence of gynecological diseases, surgical intervention and the number of births and pregnancies;
5. a gynecological examination is performed;
6. if necessary, analysis of colposcopy data;
7. results of studies of the cytological method;
8. biopsy analysis;
9. analysis of hormonal disorders;
10. presence of sexually transmitted diseases.

The need for such a detailed study is based on the possible development of oncological and other formations against the background of such a diagnosis as cervical ectopia.

The focus of pseudo-erosion on the external pharynx is noticeable upon examination, but in some cases there is a need for a more thorough examination using the colposcopy method. The method makes it possible to identify in detail both areas of isolation of columnar epithelium and zones of transformation.

As a result of summing up all the data, it is possible to classify the presence of ectopia according to the degree of possible development of the disease. The attending physician can assess the woman’s health, both by clinical condition and by cellular composition based on histology results. The need for treatment and strategy will depend on the type of ectopia and the degree of its development.

The growth of CE (cylindrical epithelium), in an insignificant size and not representing a wound open to infection, is qualified as uncomplicated ectopia. It does not require treatment, but requires periodic examination by a doctor. Whereas the complicated nature of the development of pseudo-erosion is an open wound and is the source of the possible occurrence of a focus of the disease.

As for the composition of the cells of the tissues of the external pharynx of the cervix, there are three main manifestations, namely:

• glandular ectopia, histology confirms the presence of glandular formations with an existing inflammatory process;
• epidermal ectopia, among the overgrown CE there are obvious foci of squamous epithelium, prone to self-healing and not requiring treatment;
• papillary ectopia, when the CE has the appearance of papillae with its own vascular loop.

Based on these diagnostic signs, the gynecologist determines the need for treatment of pseudo-erosion and selects the most effective ones for each specific case.

How is false erosion treated?

The need for one or another method of treatment, as well as the choice of method and strategy, is decided by the gynecologist; we will only consider the main methods of therapy.

The goal of treating ectopia is to destroy the columnar epithelium extending beyond the cervical canal. After this, flat, stratified epithelium grows into the space surrounding the external os of the cervix.

Methods of influencing CE can be based on chemical, thermal and physical principles and consist of the following types:

• pharmacological and chemical coagulation, serves to destroy the epithelium with a mixture of acids or using drug treatment;
• electrosurgery, while highly effective, often causes complications during coagulation;
• radio wave surgery, an effective method that does not leave scars;
• cryosurgery, exposure of the affected area using low temperatures;
• thermocoagulation, cauterization, requires local anesthesia;
• laser destruction, CO2 laser is used, does not lead to damage or bleeding, is highly accurate;
• surgical methods, direct impact on the area of ​​manifestation of ectopia.

The chemical method of exposure is also carried out using a physiotherapeutic method with zinc, and using the drugs Solkovagin and Vagotil. With the medicinal method, doctors use the drug Vulnostimulin, which can be combined with other types of treatment.

The radio wave method involves the use of high-frequency radiation, which evaporates the upper layer of the CE and allows squamous epithelium to appear. The method does not cause complications in the form of scars, therefore it is popular among patients planning subsequent conception.

Cryodestruction affects the lesion by deep freezing and thawing, but its effectiveness is not very high, since it is quite difficult to assess the depth of the effect in each particular case. Thermocoagulation gives a good effect and consists of cauterizing the CE with the aim of replacing it with squamous epithelium in the future. The method is painful and has a long healing process.

Laser destruction is the most precise method and does not damage healthy tissue, and in case of bleeding, it allows for coagulation of damaged vessels. The method is characterized by increased efficiency.

After treatment, a gentle regime is necessary. There is a risk of rebleeding or other adverse effects.

To avoid this, you need to fulfill a number of simple requirements, namely:

1. abstain from sexual activity for a month, there is a risk of damage to the healing wound and infection;
2. physical activity is contraindicated, since muscle tension can cause bleeding;
3. do not use tampons or douche;
4. do not overcool to avoid infection of the body;
5. In case of any ailments, consult your doctor.

In the future, in order to prevent relapses, it is necessary to visit the gynecological office at least twice a year, promptly treat genitourinary diseases, and also avoid hypothermia. You need to be selective in choosing sexual partners, maintain hygiene and lead a healthy lifestyle.

We examined ectopia of the cervix, comprehensively covering the causes, symptoms, and treatment for diseases. Pseudoerosion does not always require treatment, but you should always monitor your health.

Inattention can lead to a condition where treatment is lengthy, expensive and not always effective. Take care of yourself and consult a doctor if you have the slightest ailment.

Source: https://GemoParazit.ru/raznoe/ektopiya-shejki-matki

Ectopic cervix

Ectopia of the cervix or cylindrical epithelium, pseudo-erosion - with this concept medicine denotes the same pathology. Currently, 40% of women know firsthand about this disease, which proves its widespread prevalence.

The cervix is ​​covered with the so-called squamous epithelium, and the adjacent cervical canal is cylindrical. The physiological norm is considered to be a condition in which the boundaries between the cervix and the cervical canal are not broken. Ectopia is diagnosed if columnar epithelium grows into the cervix and replaces squamous epithelium.

When examined by a gynecologist, ectopia looks like a section of the mucous membrane that differs in appearance. Ectopia can also be an independent phenomenon, but it mainly appears as a consequence of other gynecological problems.

It is also incorrect to assert that ectopia and cervical erosion, which looks similar to it, are identical.

Ectopia is called pseudo-erosion, but in fact it only shifts the boundaries of the epithelium of the cervical canal, while true erosion involves damage to the mucous membrane of the cervix.

Types of ectopia

Ectopia can be congenital or acquired. Congenital ectopia is considered normal. Acquired ectopia is more often detected in progressive stages due to the asymptomatic course of the initial stages.

Depending on the nature of the growth of the cylindrical epiletum, ectopia is classified as follows:

Columnar epithelial cells are capable of secretion, and therefore it belongs to the glandular structures. Glandular ectopia is characterized by a large volume of glandular structures of the subepithelial layer with infiltrative zones.

With this type of ectopia, the columnar epithelium consists of papules, or nipples, at the end of each of which there is a vascular loop.

• Epidermalizing (healing)

The structure resembles glandular ectopia, but the formation contains areas of normal squamous epithelium. In this case, no special treatment is required, since self-healing of the surface of the cervical pharynx occurs when the columnar epithelium is gradually replaced by sections of mature squamous epithelium.

The class of ectopia has virtually no effect on the treatment strategy, but allows one to determine the nature of the damage to epithelial areas.

Causes of the disease

About half of the cases of ectopia occur in nulliparous young women, so it should not be classified as a common postpartum disorder.

Another common misconception that ectopia can occur as a result of the onset of sexual activity is also incorrect.

The causes of ectopia are not fully known, but modern medicine has identified certain patterns. Acquired ectopia can occur for the following reasons:

• Hormonal changes in the body

Cervical ectopia often occurs during puberty and pregnancy as a reaction to hormonal changes in the ovaries. This process is caused by estrogen deficiency. During the period of formation of the genitals (at puberty), there is the possibility of self-healing after normalization of hormonal levels.

Infections can affect the condition of the cervix. Specific microflora damage the squamous epithelium, especially trichomonas and gonococci. Subsequently, the regeneration of the cervical epithelium may be incorrect. Ectopia in the vast majority of cases occurs precisely as a result of infectious and inflammatory diseases caused by specific microflora.

• Reproductive organ injuries

A significant factor in the occurrence of ectopia can be injuries received as a result of childbirth and multiple abortions, as well as other incorrect and/or traumatic gynecological manipulations.

Ectopia can occur as a result of a decrease in the functions of the body’s immune system, which, in turn, has various causes: smoking, early childbirth and early sexual activity, etc.

Symptoms of ectopia

Ectopia at the initial uncomplicated stage is not felt and is detected only during a visual gynecological examination. Complicated ectopia in 80% of cases is combined with inflammation and precancerous conditions (cervical polyps, dysplasia, leukoplakia).

When ectopia occurs with endocervicitis, symptoms such as leucorrhoea and itching, contact bleeding, and dyspareunia are observed. Symptoms of ectopia also include menstrual irregularities.

Diagnosis of pathology

Diagnosis of cervical ectopia is carried out in gynecological departments of hospitals and medical centers using special equipment. Ectopia can be diagnosed using several methods.

It is carried out in a gynecological chair using a mirror. The gynecologist sees ectopia or pseudo-erosion as a bright red focus of epithelium with vague outlines.

Touching the ectopic site with an instrument may cause minor bleeding.

Ectopia, resulting from infectious and inflammatory diseases, is characterized by severe redness and may have a purulent coating, but its boundaries are difficult to see due to redness and swelling of nearby tissues.

This study is necessary to accurately identify atypical areas with columnar epithelium and transformed zones.

More accurate indications are provided by colposcopy with the Schiller test, which shows iodine-negative zones, leukoplakia, puncture and mosaic.

Colposcopy allows you to identify areas of ectopia that cannot be identified during a routine medical examination. In 40% of cases after colposcopy, the patient requires a more detailed examination.

Histological studies with biopsy and separate diagnostic curettage are carried out when an abnormal clinical picture is obtained as a result of standard tests. Cytology studies reveal the features of the disease at the cellular level, therefore they are the most reliable and accurate diagnostic method.

At this stage, the hormonal status is examined, so consultation with a gynecologist-endocrinologist is necessary. Also, functional tests to confirm ectopia are done when true erosion or cervical cancer is diagnosed.

Treatment of cervical ectopia

Ectopia does not always require treatment, but the doctor’s attention to the abnormal condition of the cervix is ​​required. Treatment methods are selected according to the characteristics of a particular case and are usually implemented according to the following scheme:

It is carried out for uncomplicated forms of ectopia, as well as for congenital pathology: the patient is monitored to monitor possible changes in her condition. Treatment itself is started only when there are negative changes.

More complex and advanced forms of ectopia are treated depending on the type of epithelial changes and their causes.

The doctor can prescribe anti-inflammatory and antiviral drugs, help choose the right contraceptives and eliminate immune and hormonal abnormalities.

If the cause of ectopia is an infection, treatment begins with antibacterial therapy, since otherwise it makes no sense to treat ectopia.

After the treatment prescribed by the doctor has given results and the infectious process has been stopped, the destruction of the ectopic foci is carried out.

1. Diathermocoagulation (or cauterization) is the destruction of abnormal areas using special electrodes. As a result, a scab is formed, under which there is healthy epithelium. After the scab is rejected, a scar remains, so diathermocoagulation is recommended for women who do not plan to give birth.
2. Cryodestruction is the destruction of columnar epithelium with nitrous oxide followed by the formation of a scab. Cryodestruction is less traumatic and leaves no scars.
3. Laser destruction - a laser beam evaporates the columnar epithelium, leaving in its place a thin film of tissue instead of a scab.
4. Radio wave destruction is an innovative method of treatment, minimally traumatic, but still not widespread and expensive.

Treatment of concomitant diseases

As a result of diagnosing ectopia, concomitant abnormal conditions may be detected: Nabothian cysts, polyps, dysplasia, leukoplakia, endometriosis. Appropriate treatment methods are used for them.

Preventive actions

A stable sex life, properly performed gynecological interventions, timely treatment of sexually transmitted infections, and correction of hormonal and immune abnormalities reduce the risk of ectopia.

A mandatory preventive measure is scheduled visits to a gynecologist, which guarantees the detection of almost any disease in the early stages.

Source: https://mcgenesis.ru/services/ginekologia/ektopiya_sheiki_matki

Ectopia of the cervix (pseudo-erosion)

The diagnosis of cervical ectopia is usually made during reproductive age, but the pathology can also occur in nulliparous women. After a woman finds out about her problem, a fair question arises - what is it, is treatment necessary, is it dangerous or not.

What is ectopia

Ectopia or endocervicosis is the atypical arrangement of cubic (cylindrical) epithelial cells in the endocervical canal. The pathology is not life-threatening, but increases the risk of developing cancer. Otherwise, ectopia is called pseudo-erosion.

The disease is detected in 40% of young girls. In some cases, the pathology is congenital and disappears on its own after 40 years. Many doctors are sure that this is a normal condition, but under unfavorable factors, pseudo-erosion of the cervix begins to progress.

Causes

It is still completely unknown why the disease occurs; reasons include:

1. Hormonal disbalance.
2. Infectious diseases.
3. Heredity.
4. Traumatic factors.
5. Inflammatory processes.
6. Childbirth, late or too early.
7. Dissatisfaction with sex life.
8. Taking oral contraceptives.
9. Abortions, curettages.

It is noteworthy that pathology is often found in fibroids, hyperplasia, menstrual irregularities, endometriosis and other pathological conditions.

Classification of cervical ectopia

There are congenital ectopia of the cervix and acquired.

According to the flow, complicated and uncomplicated pseudo-erosion are distinguished, and according to the cellular composition of tissues, the disease is divided into the following types:

• Glandular pseudo-erosion of the cervix is ​​an inflammatory process in which many glandular structures are found. The columnar epithelium of the cervical canal is a glandular structure, since its cells are capable of secreting;
• Epidermising - represents foci of squamous epithelium along with cylindrical epithelium. The process of epidermization does not require treatment, as it is delayed on its own.
• Papillary - pathology is also called glandular-papillary pseudo-erosion of the cervix. The appearance involves the growth of cylindrical epithelium in the form of papillae, which are located on the surface of the cervix.

Also, a distinction is made between cervical ectopia and squamous metaplasia. The appearance implies the presence of signs of an inflammatory process with a large number of glands with passages.

Stages of epithelization

Acquired ectopia develops against the background of true erosion, which occurs due to damage to the cervix by viruses, bacteria and fungi. Healing does not occur correctly, and neighboring cells are replaced by cylindrical ones.

The first stage of epithelialization includes the proliferation of cuboidal epithelium, which results in the formation of erosive glands (glandular ectopia). The process lasts for several years, then the inflammation subsides, and squamous epithelium appears in place of atypical cells.

If the pathology progresses, the gland ducts are blocked by secretion, a cyst appears, which becomes infected and inflamed. Epidermization often occurs - the reverse development of ectopia. At this stage, the replacement of columnar epithelium with flat multilayered epithelium is observed.

Diagnosis of ectopia

Usually, ectopia is detected by chance; gynecologists use additional methods to confirm the diagnosis. Extended or conventional colposcopy is used (https://matkamed.ru/eroziya/kolposkopiya-pri-erozii), in which the doctor identifies the affected area under the magnification of the colposcope.

In addition, the following studies are being conducted:

1. Blood test for hormones.
2. Histological analysis to exclude an oncological process.
3. Microscopic examination of flora, papilloma virus, fungi and other infections.
4. Schiller's tests.
5. Ultrasound diagnostics of the pelvis.

The doctor interviews the patient, learns about complaints, and conducts a physical examination. After ectopia of columnar epithelium is confirmed, adequate treatment is prescribed.

Symptoms

Every woman should know what the symptoms are of cervical ectopia.

Usually the disease is asymptomatic, and the first signs appear after the onset of inflammation.

The woman notes:

• Unusual discharge;
• Discomfort during and after sex.
• Long, heavy menstruation.
• Lack of pregnancy.
• Pain during sexual intercourse.
• Blood after sex.
• Leucorrhoea in large quantities.

Uncomplicated ectopia of the cervix is ​​asymptomatic, but if any signs of illness occur, it is advisable to see a specialist to exclude a threat to health.

Do I need to treat?

In uncomplicated forms, treatment is not required. If a complicated form is diagnosed, the woman undergoes a course of anti-inflammatory and antiviral drugs, the doctor eliminates hormonal imbalances and corrects the immune system.

After the infection is eliminated, the erosion is cauterized using any chosen method. The doctor determines whether ectopia needs to be treated. Many factors are taken into account, so a woman should definitely see a gynecologist, especially if there is bleeding and pain.

Treatment

Treatment of cervical ectopia can be either medicinal or surgical. To eliminate the cause of the pathology, antibiotics, hormonal drugs, restorative agents, and immunomodulators are prescribed.

Medications

Conservative therapy involves removing ectopia with chemicals. To treat the affected area, a special solution or Vagotil and Solkovagin is used. They soak a cotton swab, which is inserted into the vagina.

Both drugs do not cause adverse reactions, the components are well tolerated, scars do not appear, and the cervix is ​​not deformed. The substances corrode pathological cells, and healthy ones appear in their place.

ethnoscience

Women's diseases are often cured with folk recipes, ectopia is no exception. It is important to understand that such methods are used for mild forms of pathology, and as additional therapy.

For treatment, douching with calendula tincture and soaking tampons with sea buckthorn oil is used. The ingredients have a wound-healing, anti-inflammatory and bactericidal effect.

How to cook:

1. Solution for douching - take 2 teaspoons of calendula, pour 400 g of hot, boiled water, leave for an hour, strain and use every day for 21 days.
2. Tampons - make a tampon from gauze or cotton wool, soak it in sea buckthorn oil, insert it into the vagina, leave for 16 hours. Repeat the procedure for 2 weeks in a row.

Treatment with folk remedies is effective in the initial stages and after consultation with a doctor. Do not self-medicate if you are not sure of the diagnosis and safety of therapy.

Operations

Today medicine offers many methods for removing erosion in gentle ways. Operations for cervical ectopia are performed in several ways:

• Diathermocoagulation – burning with electric current. The procedure lasts 10-15 minutes, after completion the woman may feel mild pain. The method is used for women who have given birth, as scars appear on the cervix and the canals narrow.
• Cryodestruction – cold treatment. Liquid nitrogen freezes the ectopic area without affecting the healthy one. The method is safe, practically painless and effective.
• Laser – exposure of the lesion to a laser beam. The operation lasts about half an hour, the procedure is non-contact, so healthy tissue is not affected. Cauterization of erosion with a laser is ideal for nulliparous women; after cauterization, the elasticity of the tissue is not impaired, there are no scars, the whole process is controlled by a colposcope.
• Radio waves – during radio wave cauterization, healthy tissues are not affected. The method is prescribed to nulliparous girls planning a pregnancy (in general, is it possible to get pregnant with cervical erosion?).
• Surgery is a full-fledged surgical intervention, after which scars appear.

After cauterization, pink or dark brown discharge is observed, which disappears over time. A woman must observe restrictions: not to be sexually active for about a month, not to lift weights, not to swim in ponds or baths, and not to play sports.

What is the danger

Inflammation often occurs in the affected area, caused by pathological microorganisms, fungi, etc. The infection can affect neighboring organs, so it is important to treat the pathology in a timely manner.

Is the disease dangerous - yes, if there is no therapy for a long time, and the ectopia progresses. With severe tissue growth, infertility and the inability to give birth to a child appear.

All these complications lead to negative consequences, so visit the gynecologist’s office on time and treat gynecological pathologies.

Contraindications

To prevent regression, speed up the recovery process and not aggravate the course of the pathology, a woman must be supported by special rules:

1. Avoid fast food, alcohol, smoking, etc.
2. Do not visit saunas, baths, especially if bleeding.
3. Avoid hoop twirling, bodybuilding and other strength exercises.
4. Leaving professional sports.
5. Excessive use of oral contraceptives.

It is important to properly monitor intimate hygiene and regularly visit a gynecologist.

Prevention

Prevention of the disease consists of regular medical examinations, exclusion of hormonal imbalances and immunity, and timely treatment of gynecological diseases.

A woman must observe the culture of sexual relations, exclude abortions and other manipulations in the uterus, and give up bad habits, heavy sports or work.

Ectopia and pregnancy

Patients often ask whether it is possible to get pregnant with pathology? Fertilization is possible if there is no progress and infection. The first pregnancy with ectopia is normal.

Ectopic cervix during pregnancy does not affect the development of the fetus, but if the cervix is ​​deformed during childbirth, ruptures are possible.

In the presence of inflammation or deep scars, conception rarely occurs. Cases of miscarriage, premature birth and other pathologies have been recorded.

Is it necessary to cauterize ectopia?

Cauterization of erosion is prescribed only after a series of studies. With a calm course, absence of symptoms and progression, treatment can be medicinal.

If a woman is planning a pregnancy, it is necessary to cauterize only using gentle methods that do not leave scars.

Removal is indicated when there is blood secretion, pain during sexual intercourse, discomfort and other unpleasant symptoms.

Ectopia during menopause

During menopause, cervical ectopia is rarely diagnosed; it is usually caused by a strong surge of sex hormones. The pathology often declines and may disappear altogether. If the disease progresses, cauterization by any method is indicated.

When an infection occurs, drug therapy is prescribed, after which cauterization is performed. If the form is congenital, the postmenopausal woman is simply observed to exclude progression.

Source: https://MatkaMed.ru/eroziya/ektopiya